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Published: 25 July 2024
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Keyes, P. L., J. L. Kostyo, and R. Towns. "The autonomy of the rabbit corpus luteum." Journal of Endocrinology 143, no. 3 (December 1994): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1430423.

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Abstract The rabbit corpus luteum possesses LH receptors that are coupled to adenylyl cyclase, but paradoxically it does not require LH as a luteotrophic factor for the maintenance of progesterone secretion. This suggests that rabbit luteal cells may not respond physiologically to LH. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the responsiveness of the rabbit corpus luteum of pseudopregnancy to human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) which acts on the same receptor as LH. Pseudopregnancy was induced by injection of 40 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin followed 50 h later by an injection of 40 IU hCG (day 0). On days 7 and 11 of pseudopregnancy, corpora lutea were obtained and incubated for 2 or 5 h in the presence of either 0·1 or 1 μg/ml hCG or 1 mm monobutyryl cyclic AMP (bcAMP). Neither hCG nor bcAMP stimulated progesterone production by the isolated corpus luteum, despite a sustained high rate of progesterone production by the tissue throughout the incubation period. By contrast, Graafian follicles removed from the same ovaries and incubated under the same conditions responded both to hCG and bcAMP with large increases in progesterone production. To determine whether the cyclic AMP content of the corpus luteum was altered by in vitro exposure to hCG, day 7 and day 11 corpora lutea were incubated for 5 or 15 min with various concentrations of hCG, and cyclic AMP in the tissue was then measured. Even at the highest concentration of hCG tested (10 μg/ml), the cyclic AMP content of the corpus luteum was unaltered. Given this result, the acute effects of various concentrations of hCG on the adenylyl cyclase activity of homogenates of day 11 corpora lutea were examined. Consistent with previous reports of others, adenylyl cyclase activity was stimulated, but only at a high concentration of hCG (1 μg/ml), and the degree of stimulation of the enzyme (∼75%) was quite modest. By contrast, the adenylyl cyclase activity of homogenates of rabbit Graafian follicles was stimulated by even the lowest concentration of hCG tested (0·01 μg/ml). Thus, the adenylyl cyclase of the rabbit follicle is much more sensitive to hCG stimulation than the luteal form of the enzyme. Given the poor responsiveness of luteal adenylyl cyclase to hCG, the possibility was considered that cyclic AMP production in response to hCG might be obscured by luteal cell phosphodiesterase. When day 11 corpora lutea were incubated with hCG in the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, isobutyl methylxanthine (5 mm), there was a marked increase in the cyclic AMP content of the tissue. Despite this large increase in endogenous cyclic AMP, progesterone production by the corpora lutea was again unaffected. Thus, the rabbit corpus luteum is insensitive to stimulation in at least two major respects. The adenylyl cyclase coupled to the LH receptor is resistant to stimulation by LH (hCG), and steroidogenesis, as reflected by progesterone production in vitro, is not stimulated acutely by cyclic AMP. These results suggest that progesterone biosynthesis in the rabbit corpus luteum is not a regulated process, but rather a process that becomes autonomous as a result of the differentiation of granulosa cells into luteal cells. Therefore, the role of a luteotrophin, such as oestrogen in the rabbit, is to maintain the health and viability of the luteal cells, which have, as an intrinsic property, the capacity to produce progesterone at a high rate. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 143, 423–431
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2

von Procházka, Azrael A., and T. J. Millar. "Species cycling and the enhancement of ammonia in pre-stellar cores." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 501, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 1228–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3650.

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ABSTRACT The quantity of NH3 produced on grain surfaces in the pre-stellar core is thought to be one of the determining factors regarding the chemical complexity achievable at later stages of stellar birth. In order to investigate how this quantity might be influenced by the gas–grain cycling of molecular material within the cloud, we employ a modified rates gas–grain chemical code and follow the time-dependent chemistry of NH3 as the system evolves. Our models incorporate an updated version of the most recent UDfA network of reaction rate coefficients, desorption from the grains through standard thermal and non-thermal processes, and physisorbed and chemisorbed binding of atomic and molecular hydrogen to a population of carbonaceous and siliceous grains. We find that (1) observable abundances of NH3 can exist in the gas phase of our models at early times when the N atom is derived from CN via an efficient early-time hydrocarbon chemistry, (2) a time-dependent gradient exists in the observational agreement between different species classes in our models, consistent with possible physical substructures within the TMC-1 Cyanopolyyne Peak, and (3) the gaseous and solid-state abundances of NH3 are sensitive to the presence of gas–grain cycling within the system. Our results suggest that the degree of chemical complexity achievable at later stages of the cloud’s chemical evolution is indeed influenced by the manner in which the gas–grain cycling occurs.
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3

Rojas, Francisco J., Ines Moretti-Rojas, Jose P. Balmaceda, and Ricardo H. Asch. "Regulation of gonadotropin-stimulable adenylyl cyclase of the primate corpus luteum." Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 32, no. 1 (January 1989): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4731(89)90161-1.

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4

LEVIN, ROBERT M., JOSEPH HYPOLITE, and GREGORY A. BRODERICK. "Comparative Studies on Rabbit Corpus Cavernosal Contraction and Relaxation. An In Vitro Study." Journal of Andrology 15, no. 1 (January 2, 1994): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1939-4640.1994.tb01680.x.

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ABSTRACT: Erectile function (erection and detumescence) involves the complex interaction of direct neuronal stimulation of corporal smooth muscle, neurohumoral release of specific endothelial contractile and relaxant factors, and secondary modulation by a variety of putative neuropeptides and vasoactive modulators including nitric oxide. The specific aim of the current study was to determine the relative contribution of nitric oxide, adrenergic, purinergic, and cholinergic stimulation in the relaxant response to field stimulation. The results demonstrate that virtually all of the inhibitory effects of field‐stimulated relaxation could be explained by the release of nitric oxide. l‐NAME (l‐NG‐nitro arginine methyl ester, a competitive inhibitor of NO synthase) reduced field‐stimulated relaxation by over 95% at all frequencies. Neither atropine nor propranolol (or the combination of the two) had any significant effect on field‐stimulated relaxation. l‐NAME blocked both field‐stimulated relaxation and bethanechol‐stimulated relaxation. However, methylene blue (a guanyl cyclase inhibitor) was significantly more potent at blocking bethanechol‐stimulated relaxation than field‐stimulated relaxation. Neither l‐NAME nor methylene blue had any effect on nitroprusside (a direct liberator of NO) nor ATP‐stimulated relaxation. Isoproterenol had only a minor inhibitory effect on phenylephrine‐contracted tissue. These data suggest that 1) Methylene blue, which inhibits guanyl cyclase, is a relatively poor inhibitor of field‐stimulated relaxation. 2) l‐NAME is a potent inhibitor of NO synthesis and can in a dose‐dependent fashion inhibit over 95% of field‐stimulated relaxation. 3) Equipotent relaxation of corporal smooth muscle can be effected through pharmacologic stimulation with ATP (2 mM), nitroprusside (200 μM), and field stimulation (32 Hz). 4) If purinergic neurotransmission participates in physiologic erection, it does so by a mechanism independent of the l‐Arginine‐NO cGMP pathway.
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5

Li, Xiang, Hyun Cheol Oh, Su Bin Son, Yun Jung Lee, Dae Gill Kang, and Ho Sub Lee. "Effect of an Ethanol Extract ofScutellaria baicalensison Relaxation in Corpus Cavernosum Smooth Muscle." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/148929.

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Aims of study. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether an ethanol extract ofScutellaria baicalensis(ESB) relaxes penile corpus cavernosum muscle in organ bath experiments.Materials and methods. Changes in tension of cavernous smooth muscle strips were determined by penile strip chamber model and in penile perfusion model. Isolated endothelium-intact rabbit corpus cavernosum was precontracted with phenylephrine (PE) and then treated with ESB.Results. ESB relaxed penile smooth muscle in a dose-dependent manner, and this was inhibited by pre-treatment with NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, and 1H-[1, 2, 4]-oxadiazolo-[4,3-α]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), a soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor. ESB-induced relaxation was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with tetraethylammonium (TEA), a nonselective K+channel blocker, and charybdotoxin, a selective Ca2+-dependent K+channel inhibitor. ESB increased the cGMP levels of rabbit corpus cavernosum in a concentration-dependent manner without changes in cAMP levels. In a perfusion model of penile tissue, ESB also relaxed penile corpus cavernosum smooth muscle in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion. Taken together, these results suggest that ESB relaxed rabbit cavernous smooth muscle via the NO/cGMP system and Ca2+-sensitive K+channels in the corpus cavernosum.
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6

Glatt, Charles E., and Solomon H. Snyder. "Cloning and expression of an adenylyl cyclase localized to the corpus striatum." Nature 361, no. 6412 (February 1993): 536–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/361536a0.

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7

Behrends, Sönke, Anna Steenpass, Hartmut Porst, and Hasso Scholz. "Expression of nitric oxide-sensitive guanylyl cyclase subunits in human corpus cavernosum." Biochemical Pharmacology 59, no. 6 (March 2000): 713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00381-0.

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8

Thorpe, David S., Shi Niu, and Eugene Morkin. "Overexpression of dimeric guanylyl cyclase cores of an atrial natriuretic peptide receptor." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 180, no. 2 (October 1991): 538–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-291x(05)81098-8.

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9

Sakagami, Hiroyuki, Yoshihiro Sawamura, and Hisatake Kondo. "Ontogenetic expression of corpus striatum-specific adenylyl cyclase in the rat striatum." Neuroscience Research Supplements 19 (January 1994): S101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-8696(94)92546-1.

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10

Christ, George J., Daniel C. Kim, Harvey C. Taub, C. Marjorie Gondré, and Arnold Melman. "Characterization of nitroglycerine-induced relaxation in human corpus cavernosum smooth muscle: implications to erectile physiology and dysfunction." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 73, no. 12 (December 1, 1995): 1714–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y95-735.

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The importance of the nitric oxide – guanylate cyclase – cGMP system in modulating corporal smooth muscle tone and penile erection has been amply demonstrated. The goal of these studies was to evaluate the possibility that age- or disease-related alterations in human corporal smooth muscle responsivity to activation of this pathway might play a role in the etiology of erectile dysfunction. Thus, we utilized a previously described heuristic model to assess the kinetic and steady-state characteristics of relaxation of precontracted isolated corporal tissue strips elicited by nitroglycerine (NTG). Studies were conducted on corporal tissue strips excised from 26 patients with organic erectile dysfunction, and 7 patients with documented erections. For the purposes of statistical analysis the impotent patient population was stratified into two age groups (A, ≤59 years; B, ≥60 years) and further subdivided into two diagnostic categories, diabetic and nondiabetic patients, respectively. In ≈75% of precontracted corporal tissue strips derived from impotent patients (contracted to ≈75% of maximum with phenylephrine), the NTG-induced response was biphasic, consisting of a rapid relaxation response that reached steady state before onset of a more slowly developing regaining of tension, termed the desensitization response. In contrast, a biphasic response was observed much less frequently (≈30%) in corporal tissue strips derived from a potent patient population (p < 0.0001). Statistical analysis revealed significant heterogeneity among corporal tissue strips derived from patients with organic erectile dysfunction, with respect to both the kinetic and steady-state characteristics of the NTG-induced relaxation and desensitization responses. In particular, the maximal rate constant for both NTG-induced relaxation (krelmax; p < 0.01) and desensitization (kdes; p < 0.03) responses was significantly greater in corporal tissue strips excised from diabetic than nondiabetic patients. Furthermore, the EC50 for NTG-induced relaxation of precontracted corporal smooth muscle strips from potent patients (≈25 nM) was 0.90 log unit less than that for equivalently contracted corporal smooth muscle strips derived from impotent patients (≈180 nM; p < 0.03). Such observations suggest that alterations in corporal smooth muscle responsivity to activation of the guanylate cyclase – cGMP pathway, per se, may be a characteristic of organic erectile dysfunction. In the absence of compensatory changes in other vasodilatory mechanisms, this may contribute to incomplete corporal smooth muscle relaxation and the etiology of erectile dysfunction in some patients.Key words: nitroglycerine, corporal smooth muscle, relaxation, desensitization, guanylate cyclase.
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11

Schena, F., P. Tregnaghi, and C. Capelli. "Effets du positionnement du corps et des cadres de vélo sur la performance de la partie cycliste du triathlon." Les Cahiers de l'INSEP 24, no. 1 (1999): 231–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/insep.1999.1444.

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12

Chen, Fangjun, Yifei Xu, Jing Wang, Xufeng Yang, Hongying Cao, and Ping Huang. "Relaxation Effect of Patchouli Alcohol in Rat Corpus Cavernous and Its Underlying Mechanisms." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (February 29, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3109069.

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In this study, we investigated the relaxation effect and mechanisms of patchouli alcohol (PA) on rat corpus cavernosum. Corpus cavernosum strips were used in organ baths for isometric tension studies. The results showed that PA demonstrated concentration-dependent relaxation effect on rat corpus cavernosum. The relaxant response to PA was not influenced by tetrodotoxin and atropine while it was significantly inhibited by removal of endothelium. L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) or 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor) significantly inhibited relaxation response to PA, whereas indomethacin (COX inhibitor) had no effect on PA-induced relaxation. The treatment of endothelium-deprived corpus cavernosum with several potassium channel blockers including tetraethylammonium (TEA), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), and glibenclamide had no effect on PA-induced relaxation. Endothelium-deprived corpus cavernosal contractions induced by cumulative addition of Ca2+ to high KCl solution without CaCl2 were significantly inhibited by PA. Also, PA improved relaxant capacity of sildenafil in rat corpus cavernosum. In addition, the perfusion with PA significantly increased the levels of cGMP and expression of mRNA and protein of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Furthermore, intracavernous injection of PA enhanced the rise in intracavernous pressure in rats during cavernosal nerve electric stimulation. In conclusion, PA relaxed the rat corpus cavernosum attributed to both endothelium-dependent and -independent properties. While the former component was mostly involved in nitric oxide signaling pathway, the endothelium-independent mechanism involved in PA-induced relaxation was probably linked to calcium antagonism.
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13

Golchin, A., JM Oades, JO Skjemstad, and P. Clarke. "Soil structure and carbon cycling." Soil Research 32, no. 5 (1994): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9941043.

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Samples from the surface horizons of six virgin soils were collected and separated into density fractions. Based on the spatial distribution of organic materials within the mineral matrix of soil, the soil organic matter (SOM) contained in various density fractions was classified as: (a) free particulate OM, (b) occluded particulate OM, and (c) colloidal or clay-associated OM. The compositional differences noted among these three components of SOM were used to describe the changes that OM undergoes during decomposition when it enters the soil, is enveloped in aggregates and eventually is incorporated into microbial biomass and metabolites and associated with clay minerals. The occluded organic materials, released as a result of aggregate disruption, were in various stages of decomposition and had different degrees of association with mineral particles. Changes in the degree of association of occluded organic materials and mineral particles with decomposition are discussed and form the basis of a model which illustrates the simultaneous dynamics of microaggregates and their organic cores. This model indicates a major role for carbohydrate-rich plant debris in formation and stabilization of microaggregates.
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14

Kaneko, Kazuyuki, Makoto Nakamura, and Reiichiro Sato. "Influence of Trueperella pyogenes in uterus on corpus luteum lifespan in cycling cows." Theriogenology 79, no. 5 (March 2013): 803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.12.007.

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15

Parkinson, Kate C., Dirk K. Vanderwall, Johanna Rigas, and Alexis Sweat. "Effect of Chronic Administration of Oxytocin on Corpus Luteum Function in Cycling Mares." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 90 (July 2020): 102991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2020.102991.

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16

Pokorny, Florian B., Moritz Fišer, Franz Graf, Peter B. Marschik, and Björn W. Schuller. "Sound and the City: Current Perspectives on Acoustic Geo-Sensing in Urban Environment." Acta Acustica united with Acustica 105, no. 5 (July 1, 2019): 766–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/aaa.919357.

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Acoustic geo-sensing deals with the derivation of spatial information from audio data. Motivated by the rising field of sensing information in (smart) cities, we present current perspectives and a methodological update on the acoustic-based solution of recognition problems in a complex urban real-world scenario. In particular, we examine a static and a sequential approach for the automatic recognition of a cyclist's route between fixed endpoints, the route direction, and the route progress, solely based on the audio data recorded with a cell-phone attached to the cyclist. To this end, we introduce the freely available 'Graz Cell-phone Cycle Corpus extended' (GC3+) that consists of more than 25 h of GPS-annotated audio material recorded in the southern urban area of the city of Graz, Austria. Promising recognition results confirm basic feasibility of acoustic geo-sensing in an urban environment. The approach's theoretical potential of being generalised to support the solution of position tracking problems on a multi-dimensional urban grid gives reason for the implementation of acoustic geo-sensing methodology in a number of real-world applications.
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17

Li, Lihua, Shijun Hong, and Dongxian Zhang. "Changes of Adenylate Cyclase and Guanylate Cyclase in the Frontal Cortex, Lenticula, Corpus Amygdaloideum, and Hippocampus in Morphine-dependent Rats." Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2, no. 1 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2349-5014.161631.

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18

Hedlund, P., P. Alm, P. Ekström, J. Fahrenkrug, J. Hannibal, H. Hedlund, B. Larsson, and K. E. Andersson. "Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, helospectin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in human corpus cavernosum." British Journal of Pharmacology 116, no. 4 (October 1995): 2258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb15062.x.

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19

Ritzhaupt, L. K., R. A. Nowak, F. O. Calvo, I. M. Khan, and J. M. Bahr. "Adenylate cyclase activity of the corpus luteum during the oestrous cycle of the pig." Reproduction 78, no. 2 (November 1, 1986): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0780361.

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20

Liu, Quanbing, Juan Yang, Rongfang Wang, Hui Wang, and Shan Ji. "Manganese dioxide core–shell nanostructure to achieve excellent cycling stability for asymmetric supercapacitor applications." RSC Advances 7, no. 53 (2017): 33635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra06076a.

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This study present a facile and low-cost method to prepare core–shell nano-structured β-MnO2@δ-MnO2, in which β-MnO2@nano-wires act as the cores to form 3D networks and δ-MnO2 as the shells.
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21

McCann, T. J., and A. P. F. Flint. "Use of pertussis toxin to investigate the mechanism of action of prostaglandin F2α on the corpus luteum in sheep." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 10, no. 1 (February 1993): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0100079.

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ABSTRACT Pertussis toxin catalysed the ADP-ribosylation of a protein of Mr 40 000 in ovine luteal tissue. Ribosylation of 45% of this protein in whole cell incubations (as judged by subsequent ribosylation of cell-free preparations in the presence of [32P]NAD) attenuated the prostaglandin (PG)F2α-stimulated hydrolysis of [3H]inositol-labelled phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate into inositol trisphosphate by 60%, but did not affect the inhibition by PGF2α of LH-stimulated accumulation of cyclic AMP. It is concluded that activation of phospholipase C by PGF2α involves a pertussis toxin-sensitive protein, probably a G protein, and that the inhibitory effect of PGF2α on LH-stimulated adenylate cyclase is unlikely to be directly mediated by such a protein.
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22

Rosberg, Sten, Ensio Norjavaara, Monica Sender Baum, and Iqbal Khan. "Adenylate cyclase activity in rat corpora lutea evidence for a rapid development of the regulatory Ns-protein." Acta Endocrinologica 112, no. 4 (August 1986): 565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1120565.

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Abstract. Adenylate cyclase activity was studied in membranes from isolated corpora lutea of defined ages obtained from pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin treated rats and the effects of luteinizing hormone (LH), isoproterenol, guanylylimidodiphosphate (Gpp (NH)p), fluoride and forskolin were compared. The effect of LH on adenylate cyclase activity increased with the luteal age up to nine days of age, while the effect of isoproterenol increased dramatically during the first days, reaching a maximum at 2–3 days of age and then declined. Forskolin potentiated the effects of both LH and isoproterenol without affecting the patterns of age-dependency. The effect of forskolin itself was fairly constant during the luteal phase, indicating a relatively constant amount of the catalytic unit in the corpus luteum. The effects of fluoride and Gpp(NH)p on the other hand increased markedly during the first days and then remained constant for the rest of the period studied. These results suggest that the regulatory Ns-protein develops during the first days of luteal life. It is speculated that the close correlation between the development of β-adrenergic response and the development of Ns-protein are causally related.
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23

Linder, A. Elizabeth, Romulo Leite, Kimberly Lauria, Thomas M. Mills, and R. Clinton Webb. "Penile erection requires association of soluble guanylyl cyclase with endothelial caveolin-1 in rat corpus cavernosum." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 290, no. 5 (May 2006): R1302—R1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00601.2005.

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Erectile dysfunction is caused by a variety of pathogenic factors, particularly impaired formation and action of nitric oxide (NO). NO released from nerve endings and corpus cavernosum endothelial cells plays a crucial role in initiating and maintaining increased intracavernous pressure, penile vasodilatation, and penile erection. Classically, these effects are dependent on cGMP synthesized during activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) by NO in smooth muscle cells. The enzyme NO synthase in endothelial cells has been localized to caveolae, small invaginations of the plasma membrane rich in cholesterol. Membrane cholesterol depletion impairs acetylcholine-induced relaxation in arteries attributed to an alteration in caveolar structure. It has been shown that sGC may be activated in endothelial caveolae contributing to vasodilation. We hypothesized that caveolae are the platform for sGC/cGMP signaling in cavernosum smooth muscle eliciting erection. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin, a pharmacological tool to deplete membrane cholesterol and disassemble caveolae, impaired rat erectile responses in vivo and cavernosum smooth muscle relaxation induced by the NO donor sodium nitroprusside and the sGC activator 3-(5′-hydroxymethyl-2′-furyl)-1-benzyl indazole in vitro. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin had no effect on cavernosum smooth muscle relaxation induced by NO released upon nerve stimulation or by exogenous cGMP. Furthermore, sGC and caveolin-1, the major coat protein of caveolae, were colocalized in rat corpus cavernosum sinusoidal endothelium. Electron microscopy indicated caveolae disruption in corpus cavernosum treated with methyl-β-cyclodextrin. In summary, our results provide evidence of compartmentalization of sGC in the caveolae of cavernosal endothelial cells contributing to NO signaling mediating smooth muscle relaxation and erection.
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24

Okamura, Tomio, Kazuhide Ayajiki, and Noboru Toda. "Monkey corpus cavernosum relaxation mediated by NO and other relaxing factor derived from nerves." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 274, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): H1075—H1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1998.274.4.h1075.

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Isolated monkey corpus cavernosum muscle strips contracted with prostaglandin F2α and treated with prazosin responded to transmural electrical stimulation with frequency-related relaxations that were abolished by tetrodotoxin. The nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor N G-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA) significantly attenuated but did not abolish the response;l-arginine reversed the inhibition. The neurogenic relaxation was not influenced in the strips treated with atropine or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-(8—37), a CGRP-receptor antagonist, and those desensitized to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) or pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). Nerve fibers containing NADPH diaphorase were histochemically demonstrated in cavernous tissues. The relaxant response resistant to the NO synthase inhibitor was abolished by high K+ and tetrabutylammonium but was unaffected by glibenclamide, charybdotoxin, apamin, ouabain, SKF-525a, a cytochrome P-450 inhibitor, and oxyhemoglobin. It is concluded that neurogenic relaxations of monkey corpus cavernosum muscle is associated partly with NO released as a neurotransmitter and that other relaxing factor(s) possibly responsible for K+ channel opening also participates; however, the type of K+ channel involved is not determined. Acetylcholine, VIP, CGRP, PACAP, and the Na+ pump do not seem to be involved in the neurogenic relaxation.
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25

Mahmoud, Hanaa F., Yaser F. Gomaa, and A. Nour A. Habib. "Chipping Resistance of Nanosilica Treated Zirconia Cores Veneerd with Porcelain after Thermocycling and Cycling Loading." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/v11/i2/2020/ijphrd/194986.

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Mahmoud, Hanaa F., Yaser F. Gomaa, and A. Nour A Habib. "Chipping Resistance of Nanosilica Treated Zirconia Cores Veneerd with Porcelain after Thermocycling and Cycling Loading." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/v11/i1/2020/ijphrd/193990.

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27

Klotz, T., W. Bloch, J. Zimmermann, P. Ruth, U. Engelmann, and K. Addicks. "Soluble guanylate cyclase and cGMP-dependent protein kinase I expression in the human corpus cavernosum." International Journal of Impotence Research 12, no. 3 (June 2000): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijir.3900524.

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28

Nimmegeers, S., P. Sips, E. Buys, K. Decaluwé, P. Brouckaert, and J. Van de Voorde. "Role of the soluble guanylyl cyclase α1-subunit in mice corpus cavernosum smooth muscle relaxation." International Journal of Impotence Research 20, no. 3 (December 6, 2007): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijir.3901627.

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Rojas, F. J., and R. H. Asch. "Opposite effects of ethanol on the activation of adenylyl cyclase in human corpus luteum membranes." Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 40, no. 2-3 (May 1985): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0303-7207(85)90167-4.

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30

Gaede, S. D., M. M. Sholley, and S. L. Quattropani. "Endothelial mitosis during the initial stages of corpus luteum neovascularization in the cycling adult rat." American Journal of Anatomy 172, no. 2 (February 1985): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001720206.

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31

Karna, Keshab Kumar, Bo-Ram Choi, Chul-Young Kim, Hye-Kyung Kim, and Jong-Kwan Park. "Rubus occidentalis and Ellagic Acid Affect the Contractility of Penile Corpus Cavernosum Smooth Muscle through the Nitric Oxide-Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate and Cyclic Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate Signaling Pathway." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 10 (May 23, 2022): 2947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11102947.

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The present study was designed to evaluate the relaxation effect of Rubus occidentalis (RO) and ellagic acid (EA) on rabbit penile corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (PCCSM). Rabbit PCCSM was treated with ROE or EA after preincubation with nitric oxide synthase (NOS), guanylate cyclase (GC), adenylyl cyclase (AC) or protein kinase A (PKA) blocker. Cyclic nucleotides in the perfusate were analyzed using radioimmunoassay (RIA). Subsequently, perfused PCCSMs were subjected to analysis to evaluate the expression level of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). The interaction of ROE or EA with phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 and PDE4 inhibitors, such as udenafil (UDE) and rolipram (ROL), were also evaluated. Both ROE and EA relaxed the PCCSM in a concentration-dependent manner. Coincubation of ROE or EA with NOS, GC, AC, or PKA blocker significantly decreased the ROE- and EA-induced relaxation. Pretreatment of ROE and EA significantly upregulated the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP), and eNOS levels in the perfused PCCSM. Furthermore, the treatment of ROE and EA markedly increased the UDE- and ROL-induced relaxation of the PCCSM. In conclusion, ROE and EA induced PCCSM relaxation by activating the nitric oxide (NO)-cGMp and cAMp signaling pathways and may have a synergistic action to improve erectile function.
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Williams, Beatrice A., Caiqiong Liu, Ling DeYoung, Gerald B. Brock, and Stephen M. Sims. "Regulation of intracellular Ca2+ release in corpus cavernosum smooth muscle: synergism between nitric oxide and cGMP." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 288, no. 3 (March 2005): C650—C658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00475.2004.

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Tonic contraction of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (SMCs) maintains the flaccid state of the penis, and relaxation is initiated by nitric oxide (NO), leading to erection. Our aim was to investigate the effect of NO on the smooth muscle cellular response to adrenergic stimulation in corpus cavernosum. Fura-2 fluorescence was used to record intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) from freshly isolated SMCs from rat and human. Phenylephrine (PE) transiently elevated [Ca2+]i in the presence and absence of extracellular Ca2+, indicating release from intracellular stores. Whereas the NO donor S-nitroso- N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) with sildenafil citrate (SIL) caused no change in basal [Ca2+]i, the PE-induced rise of [Ca2+]i was reversibly inhibited by 27 ± 7% ( n = 21, P < 0.005) in rat and by 55 ± 15% ( n = 9, P < 0.01) in human SMCs. SNAP and SIL also reduced the contractile response to PE. To investigate the mechanism, we applied mediators alone or in combination. The soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ reduced the effect of SNAP and SIL. SIL, cGMP analogs, and NO donors without SIL did not reduce the PE-induced rise of [Ca2+]i. However, the combination of 8-bromo-cGMP with SNAP reduced the Ca2+ peak by 42 ± 9% ( n = 22, P < 0.01). Our results demonstrate that NO and cGMP act synergistically to reduce Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Reduction of intracellular Ca2+ release may contribute to relaxation of the corpus cavernosum, leading to erection.
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33

Urban, N. R., and S. J. Eisenreich. "Nitrogen cycling in a forested Minnesota bog." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 3 (March 1, 1988): 435–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-069.

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The nitrogen cycle of a small, forested, Sphagnum peatland in northern Minnesota was studied for 4 years. Hydrologic inputs and outputs (atmospheric deposition, upland runoff, streamflow) were monitored for4 years, and annual uptake of N by vegetation was measured over a 3-year period. Microbe-mediated processes of nitrogen fixation and mineralization were measured in the laboratory and field, and accumulation rates of N within the peatland were measured in dated peat cores. Aerobic heterotrophs appear to be the dominant agents of N fixation at this site. Rates of N fixation decrease rapidly below the surface. Perhaps limited by moisture and low pH, N fixation (0.5–0.7 kg∙ha−1∙year−1) is a minor input to the bog relative to the input from atmospheric deposition (10.4 kg∙hg−1∙year−1). The bog is a large sink for N with approximately 65% of inputs retained. Annual turnover of N (66 kg∙ha−1) is much larger than the total input (14.6 kg∙ha−1). This large turnover is achieved by rapidly cycling a relatively small pool of N in the aerobic layers of peat. Plant uptake is closely coupled to mineralization such that losses from the system in runoff are small. However, 7 to 12 kg N∙ha−1∙year−1 is buried in anaerobic peat and rendered unavailable to the biota..
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VANDEVOORT, CATHERINE A., THEODORE A. MOLSKNESS, and RICHARD L. STOUFFER. "Adenylate Cyclase in the Primate Corpus Luteum during Chorionic Gonadotropin Treatment Simulating Early Pregnancy: HomologousVersusHeterologous Desensitization*." Endocrinology 122, no. 2 (February 1988): 734–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo-122-2-734.

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35

Dong, Zhao-Jun, Xiang Guo, Li-Juan Chen, Yi-Fan Han, and Guo-Zhang Jin. "Dual actions of (−)-stepholidine on the dopamine receptor-mediated adenylate cyclase activity in rat corpus striatum." Life Sciences 61, no. 4 (June 1997): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3205(97)00404-9.

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36

Twagiramungu, H., L. A. Guilbault, J. G. Proulx, R. Ramkumar, and J. J. Dufour. "Buserelin overcomes the effect of the corpus luteum on ovarian follicular development in postpartum cycling cows." Animal Reproduction Science 39, no. 3 (August 1995): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4320(95)01393-e.

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CASTRACANE, V. "Rescue of the corpus luteum by follicular phase administration of hCG in the normally cycling baboon." Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation 2, no. 2 (April 1995): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1071-5576(95)94597-n.

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38

Pinheiro, Andressa Kely, Dalila Andrade Pereira, Jean Leandro dos Santos, Fabiano Beraldi Calmasini, Eduardo Costa Alexandre, Leonardo Oliveira Reis, Arthur L. Burnett, Fernando Ferreira Costa, and Fábio Henrique Silva. "Resveratrol-nitric oxide donor hybrid effect on priapism in sickle cell and nitric oxide-deficient mouse." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 2, 2022): e0269310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269310.

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Background Children and adult with sickle cell disease (SCD) display priapism associated with low nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and oxidative stress in penis. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the effects of hybrid compound RVT-FxMe, derived from resveratrol bearing a NO-donor subunit, on two murine model that display priapism phenotype, SCD transgenic mice and endothelial NO synthase gene-deficient (eNOS-/-) mice. Methods Wild-type, SCD, and eNOS-/- mice were treated with RVT-FxMe (25 mg/kg/d, 2 weeks). Outcomes Hematological parameters, concentration-response curves to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), as well as to electrical field stimulation (EFS), were obtained in mice corpus cavernosum strips. Results Corpus cavernosum relaxations to SNP and EFS were increased in eNOS-/- group, which were normalized by RVT-FxMe treatment. SCD mice exhibited an excessive CC relaxant response induced by ACh, EFS and SNP RVT-FxMe treatment did not change the increased relaxant responses to ACh, EFS and SNP in corpus cavernosum from SCD group. Clinical translation Excess of plasma hemoglobin in SCD may interfere in pharmacological activity of NO donors compounds. Strength/Limitations While mechanistic data with promising potential is showed, the current study is not without limitations. RVT-FxMe effects in the mid- and long-term warrant complementary studies. Conclusion Treatment with RVT-FxMe reversed the enhanced NO-cGMP-mediated CC relaxations in eNOS-/- mice, but not in SCD mice; it is likely that excess of plasma hemoglobin in SCD mice act to inactivate NO before it reaches soluble guanylyl cyclase, avoiding restoration of NO bioavailability in penis.
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39

Sulejmani, Pajtim, Safwat Said, Sven Agardh, and Abubeker Ahmed. "Moisture Sensitivity of Asphalt Mixtures using Cycling Pore Pressure Conditioning." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 2 (January 19, 2019): 294–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118823496.

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One of the major causes of premature failure in asphalt pavements is moisture damage. Asphalt mixtures designed without considering climate impacts may suffer from durability problems caused by movement of water inside the asphalt mixture. Rolling traffic over wet pavement builds up pore pressure in the mixture, which will consequently accelerate deterioration. The objective of the study was to assess the moisture damage to asphalt concrete mixtures by means of complex modulus testing of dry and moisture-conditioned asphalt specimens with various mixture compositions. The asphalt mixtures were conditioned with the Moisture Induced Sensitivity Tester (MIST), which aims to replicate pore pressure in field conditions. The results showed a decline in stiffness modulus and a reduction in elastic properties after MIST conditioning. In addition, the results indicated that binder content and air void content had a significant influence on the reduction in stiffness. To capture the relationship between air void content, binder content, and the reduction in stiffness, a relationship was developed and validated with measurements on cores extracted in the field.
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40

Nantke, Carla K. M., Patrick J. Frings, Johanna Stadmark, Markus Czymzik, and Daniel J. Conley. "Si cycling in transition zones: a study of Si isotopes and biogenic silica accumulation in the Chesapeake Bay through the Holocene." Biogeochemistry 146, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 145–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-019-00613-1.

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AbstractSi fluxes from the continents to the ocean are a key element of the global Si cycle. Due to the ability of coastal ecosystems to process and retain Si, the ‘coastal filter’ has the potential to alter Si fluxes at a global scale. Coastal zones are diverse systems, sensitive to local environmental changes, where Si cycling is currently poorly understood. Here, we present the first palaeoenvironmental study of estuarine biogenic silica (BSi) fluxes and silicon isotope ratios in diatoms (δ30Sidiatom) using hand-picked diatom frustules in two sediment cores (CBdist and CBprox) from the Chesapeake Bay covering the last 12000 and 8000 years, respectively. Constrained by the well-understood Holocene evolution of the Chesapeake Bay, we interpret variations in Si cycling in the context of local climate, vegetation and land use changes. δ30Sidiatom varies between + 0.8 and + 1.7‰ in both sediment cores. A Si mass balance for the Chesapeake Bay suggests much higher rates of Si retention (~ 90%) within the system than seen in other coastal systems. BSi fluxes for both sediment cores co-vary with periods of sea level rise (between 9500 and 7500 a BP) and enhanced erosion due to deforestation (between 250 and 50 a BP). However, differences in δ30Sidiatom and BSi flux between the sites emphasize the importance of the seawater/freshwater mixing ratios and locally variable Si inputs from the catchment. Further, we interpret variations in δ30Sidiatom and the increase in BSi fluxes observed since European settlement (~ 250 a BP) to reflect a growing human influence on the Si cycle in the Chesapeake Bay. Thereby, land use change, especially deforestation, in the catchment is likely the major mechanism.
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41

Farrell, Eilish M., Andreas Neumann, Jan Beermann, and Alexa Wrede. "Raised water temperature enhances benthopelagic links via intensified bioturbation and benthos-mediated nutrient cycling." PeerJ 12 (February 28, 2024): e17047. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17047.

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Sediment reworking by benthic infauna, namely bioturbation, is of pivotal importance in expansive soft-sediment environments such as the Wadden Sea. Bioturbating fauna facilitate ecosystem functions such as bentho-pelagic coupling and sediment nutrient remineralization capacities. Yet, these benthic fauna are expected to be profoundly affected by current observed rising sea temperatures. In order to predict future changes in ecosystem functioning in soft-sediment environments like the Wadden Sea, knowledge on the underlying processes such as sediment reworking, is crucial. Here, we tested how temperature affects bioturbation and its associated ecosystem processes, such as benthic nutrient fluxes and sediment oxygen consumption, using luminophore tracers and sediment incubation cores. We used a controlled mesocosm experiment set-up with key Wadden Sea benthos species: the burrowing polychaetes Arenicola marina and Hediste diversicolor, the bivalve Cerastoderma edule, and the tube-building polychaete Lanice conchilega. The highest bioturbation rates were observed from A. marina, reaching up to 375 cm2yr−1; followed by H. diversicolor, with 124 cm2yr−1 being the peak bioturbation rate for the ragworm. Additionally, the sediment reworking activity of A. marina facilitated nearly double the amount of silicate efflux compared to any other species. Arenicola marina and H. diversicolor accordingly facilitated stronger nutrient effluxes under a warmer temperature than L. conchilega and C. edule. The oxygen uptake of A. marina and H. diversicolor within the sediment incubation cores was correspondingly enhanced with a higher temperature. Thus, increases in sea temperatures may initially be beneficial to ecosystem functioning in the Wadden Sea as faunal bioturbation is definitely expedited, leading to a tighter coupling between the sediment and overlying water column. The enhanced bioturbation activity, oxygen consumption, and facilitated nutrient effluxes from these invertebrates themselves, will aid in the ongoing high levels of primary productivity and organic matter production.
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EYSTER, KATHLEEN M., and RICHARD L. STOUFFER. "Adenylate Cyclase in the Corpus Luteum of the Rhesus Monkey, I. General Properties and Optimal Assay Conditions*." Endocrinology 116, no. 4 (April 1985): 1543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo-116-4-1543.

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Molskness, T. A., C. A. VandeVoort, and R. L. Stouffer. "Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of prostaglandins on the gonadotropin-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the monkey corpus luteum." Prostaglandins 34, no. 2 (August 1987): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0090-6980(87)90250-4.

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44

Requena, Francisco, María Joana A. P. M. Campos, Andrés Luis Martínez Marín, Rocío Camacho, Rosa M. Giráldez-Pérez, and Estrella I. Agüera. "Assessment of Age Effects on Ovarian Hemodynamics Using Doppler Ultrasound and Progesterone Concentrations in Cycling Spanish Purebred Mares." Animals 11, no. 8 (August 8, 2021): 2339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082339.

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In equine reproduction, accurate and timely detection of the moment of ovulation is of great importance. Power Doppler ultrasound technology is a non-invasive method that enables to assess the morpho-echogenic features and blood flow changes during the estral cycle in mares. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of age on ultrasonographic parameters (follicular diameter, follicular blood flow—FBF, corpus luteum (CL) area and corpus luteum blood flow—CLBF) and blood plasma progesterone concentrations in cycling Spanish Purebred mares (15 less than 8 years old and 15 equal o higher than 8 years old). The ultrasound images obtained were analyzed with the Image Colour Summarizer software, which allows the quantification of the pixels of each image. Young mares had significantly higher FBF, CLBF and plasma progesterone levels. Moreover, linear regression analysis showed that blood progesterone levels could be predicted in both groups from CLBF with moderate precision and accuracy. In conclusion, Power Doppler was useful to assess ovarian hemodynamics. Our results support that age is a factor that significantly influences FBF and CLBF as well as blood progesterone concentration in mares. More studies would be needed to develop high precision and accuracy predictive models of blood progesterone concentration from CLBF measured by Power Doppler.
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Lamirán-Palomares, José-María, Amparo Baviera-Puig, and Tomás Baviera. "Who leads the conversation? Influential Twitter users during a niche sporting event." Revista Mediterránea de Comunicación 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/medcom.20488.

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Fans of niche sports generally find minimal content in mainstream media due to their limited audience. Instead, social media offers them the opportunity to follow these specific sports. The dynamics behind digital media are based on individual participation, hence some prominent users lead the social conversation thanks to their capacity to influence. However, the complexity of the concept of influence and the existence of multiple parameters for its measurement make it difficult to identify these key users. Our research proposes a measure of the influence on Twitter based on variables derived from the platform (number of tweets, number of retweets, and number of followers) and from the Social Network Analysis (outdegree, indegree, and PageRank). The Analytic Hierarchy Process was used to assign a weight to each variable. This measure of influence was applied to the conversation generated on Twitter around a niche sporting event: the 2018 UCI Track Cycling World Championships. From a 19 701-tweet corpus, we identified the 25 most influential users. The results indicate that the organisers and the participating cyclists played a relevant role in the Twitter conversation. In addition, the geographic distribution of these influential users reflects the cultural dependence of niche sports.
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Mattila, Jaakko, Anna Bremer, Linda Ahonen, Risto Kostiainen, and Oscar Puig. "Drosophila FoxO Regulates Organism Size and Stress Resistance through an Adenylate Cyclase." Molecular and Cellular Biology 29, no. 19 (August 3, 2009): 5357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00302-09.

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ABSTRACT Forkhead box class O (FoxO) transcription factors are a family of conserved proteins that regulate the cellular responses to various stimuli, such as energy deprivation, stress, and developmental cues. FoxO proteins are important mediators of the insulin signaling pathway, adjusting growth and metabolism to nutrient availability. Insulin signaling acts together with the glucagon-stimulated cAMP signaling pathway to orchestrate the organism response to various nutritional conditions. In this study, we demonstrate that Drosophila melanogaster FoxO (dFoxO) regulates cAMP signaling by directly inducing the expression of an adenylate cyclase gene, ac76e. Interestingly, ac76e is expressed in a highly restricted pattern throughout fly development, limited to the corpus allatum (CA), gastric cecum, and malpighian tubules. dFoxO activation of AC76E in the CA increases starvation resistance and limits growth. Our results unravel a new role for dFoxO, integrating cAMP and insulin signaling to adapt organism growth to the existing nutritional conditions.
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Prabhuling, Swami, Yasinalli Tamboli, Prafulla B. Choudhari, Manish S. Bhatia, Tapan Kumar Mohanta, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, and Zubaidha K. Pudukulathan. "Synthesis and Modeling Studies of Furoxan Coupled Spiro-Isoquinolino Piperidine Derivatives as NO Releasing PDE 5 Inhibitors." Biomedicines 8, no. 5 (May 14, 2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8050121.

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Nitric oxide (NO) is considered to be one of the most important intracellular messengers that play an active role as neurotransmitter in regulation of various cardiovascular physiological and pathological processes. Nitric oxide (NO) is a major factor in penile erectile function. NO exerts a relaxing action on corpus cavernosum and penile arteries by activating smooth muscle soluble guanylate cyclase and increasing the intracellular concentration of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Phophodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors have potential therapeutic applications. NO hybridization has been found to improve and extend the pharmacological properties of the parental compound. The present study describes the synthesis of novel furoxan coupled spiro-isoquinolino-piperidine derivatives and their smooth muscle relaxant activity. The study reveals that, particularly 10d (1.50 ± 0.6) and 10g (1.65 ± 0.7) are moderate PDE 5 inhibitors as compared to Sidenafil (1.43 ± 0.5). The observed effect was explained by molecular modelling studies on phosphodiesterase.
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Rutter, L. M., T. D. Carruthers, and J. G. Manns. "The Postpartum Induced Corpus Luteum: Functional Differences from that of Cycling Cows and the Effects of Progesterone Pretreatment1." Biology of Reproduction 33, no. 3 (October 1, 1985): 560–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod33.3.560.

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Nakane, M., G. Hsieh, L. N. Miller, R. Chang, M. A. Terranova, R. B. Moreland, T. Kolasa, and J. D. Brioni. "Activation of soluble guanylate cyclase causes relaxation of corpus cavernosum tissue: synergism of nitric oxide and YC-1." International Journal of Impotence Research 14, no. 2 (April 2002): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijir.3900843.

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Fritz, Marc A., David L. Hess, and Phillip E. Patton. "Influence of corpus luteum age on the steroidogenic response to exogenous human chorionic gonadotropin in normal cycling women." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 167, no. 3 (September 1992): 709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9378(11)91576-2.

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