Academic literature on the topic 'Cycling practices'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cycling practices"
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Larsen, Jonas. "The making of a pro-cycling city: Social practices and bicycle mobilities." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, no. 4 (December 6, 2016): 876–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x16682732.
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This article explores the contemporary co-production of bicycle practices in Copenhagen and the heterogeneous work involved in making a city pro-cycling. Attention is given as much to the sayings and doings of everyday commuters, as to planners, physical designs and campaigns. I ask: why, and how, are cycling practices continually (re)produced in Copenhagen and how can they attract so many practitioners? The first section discusses and employs practice theory, as it is well suited for examining practices of cycling. The second section explores how Copenhagen Municipality designed and scripted a cycle-friendly space by installing bike infrastructure, promoting cultural meanings and nourishing user competences. I argue that this is done through a heterogeneous process of normalizing and mainstreaming cycling and making alliances with other commuters. The third section shows how cyclists co-produce cycling practices by performing cycling and by enlisting and passing on knowledge to new practitioners. The concluding section highlights the potentials of practice theory to fully understand cycling, and it unravels some of the problems of Copenhagenizing low-cycling cities.
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Scheurenbrand, Klara, Elizabeth Parsons, Benedetta Cappellini, and Anthony Patterson. "Cycling into Headwinds: Analyzing Practices That Inhibit Sustainability." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 37, no. 2 (November 2018): 227–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0743915618810440.
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Using the example of cycling, the authors contribute to public policy debates surrounding sustainability. They employ practice theory to shift the debate away from consumer choice and agency to examine instead why sustainable practices are not always available to consumers. Therefore, rather than asking, “Why don’t people cycle?” the authors ask, “Why isn’t the practice of cycling thriving?” Practice theory focuses on material, meanings, and competences as the components of a practice, positing that a practice can thrive and grow only when these elements come together. By looking at how practices compete for the same set of elements, the authors demonstrate how some practices (e.g. driving, schooling, policing) come to dominate or inhibit others (i.e., cycling). In terms of the theme of this special issue, then, instead of excavating anticonsumption as a precursor to practices (i.e., a choice not to engage in those practices), by unpacking practices, the authors examine the mechanisms through which this choice is restricted.
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Cox, Peter. "Cycling." Transfers 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2012.020113.
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The mechanized mobility practices that came to dominate road use in the twentieth century—using cars, motorbikes, and bicycles—have been notable for the concurrent development of accompanying print literatures in the form of magazines and newspapers. The developmental history of each mode can be told through a number of distinct lenses, each revealing a part of the story of the mobility technology in use. In the context of a renaissance in cycling, there is an emergence of a new style of bicycle magazine that breaks the mould of previous journals.
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Werrett, Simon. "Cycling and recycling: histories of sustainable practices." Journal of Contemporary European Studies 24, no. 4 (October 2016): 557–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14782804.2016.1249672.
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Brewer, Benjamin D. "Commercialization in Professional Cycling." Sociology of Sport Journal 19, no. 3 (September 2002): 276–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.19.3.276.
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The rediscovery in the past three years of the widespread and highly organized use of performance-enhancing drugs—known as “doping”—in professional cycling has thrown the sport into a period of turmoil. Through a critical historical analysis, the article argues that profound institutional changes introduced into professional cycling by the sport’s governing body both facilitated and reflected the increasing commercial penetration of the sport. These institutional transformations put new pressures on team managers and racers, leading to significant changes in team organizations and rider preparation, in part fostering a new social organization of doping practices.
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Oldenziel, Ruth, and Adri Albert de la Bruhèze. "Cycling in a Global World." Transfers 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2012.020203.
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During their transnational circulation, bicycles became glocalized as local users tailored them to fit local laws, customs, user preferences and cultures. Bicycles thus acquired many different local meanings as users incorporated them into daily lifes and practices in diverse global settings. To show the importance of 'normalized use', i.e. rural bicycle use, in which cycling became enduring, sustainable, new, old and new again, we need globally grounded histories of mobility.
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Wilson, Oliver, Nicole Vairo, Melissa Bopp, Dangaia Sims, Katherine Dutt, and Brooke Pinkos. "Best practices for promoting cycling amongst university students and employees." Journal of Transport & Health 9 (June 2018): 234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2018.02.007.
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Merz, Liana R., David K. Warren, Marin H. Kollef, and Victoria J. Fraser. "Effects of an Antibiotic Cycling Program on Antibiotic Prescribing Practices in an Intensive Care Unit." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 8 (August 2004): 2861–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.8.2861-2865.2004.
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ABSTRACT Various interventions have been proposed to combat the increase of antibiotic resistance and influence antibiotic prescribing practices. A prospective cohort study in a medical intensive care unit was conducted to determine the effect of an antibiotic cycling program on patterns of antibiotic use and to determine patient factors associated with cycling adherence. Four major classes of antibiotics for empirical therapy of suspected gram-negative bacterial infections were rotated at 3- and 4-month intervals. During the study, 1,003 patients received antibiotic therapy with at least one of the study drugs; of the 792 receiving cycle antibiotics during the cycling period, 598 (75.5%) received an on-cycle drug. Compared to the baseline, cycling recommendations increased the use of the target cycle agent: the use of cephalosporins increased during cycle 1 (56 to 64% of total antibiotic days, P < 0.001), fluoroquinolone use increased in cycle 2 (24 to 55%, P < 0.001), carbapenem use increased during cycle 3 (14 to 38%, P < 0.001), and use of extended-spectrum penicillins increased in cycle 4 (5 to 36%, P < 0.001). Overall, 48% of total cycle antibiotic days were compliant with the cycling protocol. On average, 8.8 days per patient were spent receiving on-cycle drugs (range, 1 to 109). Cycle periods that specified carbapenem and fluoroquinolone use had the highest number of off-cycle days (62 and 64%). Predictors of on-cycle antibiotic use were increased severity of illness, as measured by an acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score, and greater length of intensive care unit stay. In conclusion, the successful implementation of this cycling protocol increased antibiotic heterogeneity over time in the study unit.
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Larson, Daniel J., and Joel Maxcy. "The Industrial Organization of Sport Coaches: Road Cycling as a Distinguished Case." Journal of Sport Management 27, no. 5 (September 2013): 363–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.27.5.363.
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The structural components of sports competitions and the characteristics of sport practices vary significantly. These differences may translate into different optimal employment arrangements for the professional coaches (those who prepare teams and athletes for competitions). While there has been academic inquiry into the practice of sport coaching, there has been little apparent research into the industrial organization of sport coaches. This paper presents a formal model of the coaching practice. The coaching roles as strategists and trainers are distinguished, variation in the significance of the connections in the nexus of team to individual relations is identified, and the various methods of sport preparation are classified. Predictions of the employment arrangements based on model parameters are made and related to some established stylized facts and survey results from both cycling training coaches and athletes. The model and data corroborate that cycling coaches be hired by the individual athletes not their cycling teams. JEL classifications: J22, J24, L23, L83
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Hannam, Kevin, Gareth Butler, Alexandra Witte, and Dennis Zuev. "Tourist’s mobilities: Walking, cycling, driving and waiting." Tourist Studies 21, no. 1 (February 17, 2021): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468797621992931.
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This commentary reviews recent research in terms of tourist’s mobilities in terms practices of walking, cycling and driving. It concludes by reflecting on the contemporary lock down of travel in terms of the global pandemic and its consequences for waiting, stillness and immobility – particularly in terms of flying.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cycling practices"
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Wesslowski, Viktoria. "Facilitating a contested practice : building and growing urban transport cycling in Santiago de Chile." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/facilitating-a-contested-practice-building-and-growing-urban-transport-cycling-in-santiago-de-chile(c3b5841f-c7b0-4e97-8315-d38062b179bd).html.
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This research aims to achieve a better understanding of interventions in the trajectories of practices. It is based on a case study of transport cycling in Santiago de Chile. The research uses a practice approach combined with concepts from Science and Technology Studies in order to explore the practice of transport cycling and examine interventions aimed at increasing the modal share of cycling in Santiago. The research is based on qualitative data from semi-structured interviews, participant observation, photography and document analysis. While transport cycling is a recognisable practice in Santiago, it is also the site of several conflicts. The stigmatisation of cycling in its recent history as mode of transport for the most marginalised part of the urban population is challenged by new images of cycling as environmentally-friendly, healthy mode of transport for young professionals. As cycling becomes more popular, conflicts over the location of cycling emerge with motorists as well as pedestrians. Finally, different performances and understandings of cycling have generated conflicts among the urban transport cyclists. By focusing on relations between practices, the research thereby brings to the forefront the contested nature of practices which has so far been underemphasised in practice research. The research then focuses on interventions in the trajectory of urban transport cycling in Santiago, how they are developed and how they take effect. The research identifies two categories of interventions: building practice and growing practice. Building practice is the government-led provision of material infrastructure for cycling, while growing practice is led by civil society and includes a variety of small-scale interventions in the everyday engagement in the practice. The research argues that building practice produces infrastructure which is developed within the dominant system of automobility and is shaped by and reflects the inherent conflicts of the practice. Growing practice interventions are shaped by the core of the community of practice. They do not only provide targeted support for individuals, but more importantly contribute to the creation of a community of practice. This research aims to contribute to practice research by proposing a relational perspective for the analysis of practices, which emphasises five relational dimensions of practice: the individual situated experience of the performance in which meaning is created, the socio-technical system in which the practice is embedded, the relations between co-existing practices which bring to the forefront the contested nature of practices, the material infrastructure which emerges from the socio-technical system and shapes the performance of the practice, and finally the community of practice which constitutes practice and may be able to grow practice.
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Couturier, Lopez Léo. "Cycling Inequalities in Copenhagen: Strategies and Policies." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-42407.
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The bike, once relegated to a neglected, dangerous, and less efficient means of transport compared to cars, has seen its role and is images being reinforced all around the world. However, despite its intrinsic characteristic of being easily accessible, the cycling practice is not value-free. It embodies and reproduces inequalities that cross our societies. The transportation justice research framework investigates conditions to access this sustainable means of transportation insofar of our needs. As such, my research questions the capacity of the municipality of Copenhagen to address mobility justice challenges in cycling practices.First, I investigated this question by analyzing two main types of documents: A national travel survey, disaggregated at the scale of the greater Copenhagen, and strategic documents made by the municipality to evaluate their progress in developing the cycling practice. Then, I ran a set of expert semi-structured interviews to explore what I observed in the documents.The results showed that behind the outstanding numbers, the cycling strategies and visions focus essentially on the commuters and exclude other groups. It limits the cycling practices to the productivity sphere, ensuring an efficient mode of transport to work or education. Despite a gender gap non-existent in biking, the study showed strong differences in cycling patterns. More surprisingly the highest income groups are the ones that cycle the most, but they also drive their car the most as they live predominantly in the suburbs. The cycling practice is also plateauing, may be decreasing.I conclude with a call for diversifying the types of cycle mobility that would take better take into consideration the different needs. In order to maintain a high level of cycling in the Capital, the strategies and policies of cycling should be overseen at the metropolitan scale with a clear structure or institution defining goals and visions.
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Reich, Alexandra E. "Balancing Tensions in Sustainability: Theory and Practices of Narrative-Driven Small Business." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1617813299771502.
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Spinney, Justin. "Cycling the City : Movement, meaning & practice." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499099.
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Tingbacke, Johan. "Smartwatches and cycling - A practical adaptation to place-specific computing." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23553.
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This paper explores the possibilities concerning the use of smartwatches for practical use when cycling in the city of today. What is explored specifically is how place-specific information can be displayed in the user interface of the smartwatch in the best way possible, while cycling in an urban context. A design proposal is therefore presented as a means to prove the beneficial aspects of place-specific services in the context of cycling. This proposal is based on analysing user feedback upon usability testing performed on the prototypes developed for this purpose.
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Kaewpanukrangsi, Nuanphan. "Creative-Up-Cycling." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21543.
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The project elaborates design opportunities for a future practice that could promotealternative sustainable lifestyles on waste handling through up-cycling activities. It doesthis on a small scale through engagement in the local communities of the Hildaneighborhood and Segepark students’ accommodations in Sweden. To thesecommunities, creative-up-cycling is explored which it introduced here as an approachwhere neighbors can participate in making new things from leftover materials. Throughthis work creative-up-cycling is a proposed recommendation for a possible service systemon how to share the leftover materials in the local resident’s communities, as well as, howto remake the items no longer needed.The empirical studies explore maker culture lifestyles and include how to find leftovermaterials, tools, space, and skills in order to guide people in creative-up-cyclingalternatives. These creative activities also build social relationship via the integration ofmultidisciplinary citizens who are living in the same community and explorations weredone on how could we elicit the skill sets from those people? What is a useful skill set inthis area today? Values like mutual physical experience, reciprocity, and ownership couldalso be found along the empirical workshops in this project. Additionally, this reportshows some interesting findings pointing towards the design process and the suggestionsof design elements; ‘Co-storage’, ‘Mix and Match furniture shop’, and ‘Renovation andup-cycling’ concept elements.Participatory design (designing with people) has been the core approach in this project.Additionally, I have been influenced by user-centered design, as well as service designapproaches in order to comprehend the services, system and activities of recycling andup-cycling in cities like: SYSAV, STPLN, Cykelköket, Återskapa, Toolpool. The findingpresented here are examples of practices that could make up the composition of recyclingand up-cycling activities in future local communities.
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Drake, Joel R. "Riding to Learn: Informal Science in Adult Cycling Communities." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7383.
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Our understanding of how the world works is shaped through countless interactions with things in it. These interactions are our first exposure to science. Through them, we learn that heavy things are hard to push and books do not fall through tables. Our interactions are also shaped by the rules of the groups to which we belong (e.g., families, religious organizations, athletic teams). These rules lead us to accept that some things cannot or should not be done, limiting our interactions with the world. At the same time, these rules change our appreciation for what we do experience.
Prior research has focused largely on the separate influences of either physical interactions or social interactions, leaving (relatively) unexplored their combined effects. In this dissertation, I describe how adults understand science related to their long-term participation in a recreational road bicycling group. The cyclists demonstrated a rich understanding of gearing and air resistance that paralleled, on a practical level, the explanations taught in school. This understanding was shaped by the cyclists’ years of physical experience interpreted in light of their individual goals for participating. For the cyclists in this study, knowing the science helped them be more efficient and faster riders. In the end, this study supports the idea that productive and valuable learning takes place in many settings and that it is important to account for the relationship between the social and physical aspects of learning when designing instructional experiences.
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Oliveira, Silas Maciel de. "Nutrients dynamics in corn-Brachiaria intercropping systems." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-10052018-171143/.
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Corn (Zea mays L.) intercropped with Brachiaria spp. plays an important role in tropical agriculture management, providing residues or forage to areas intensively cropped. Although previous studies provide useful information about effects of intercropping on soil management and crop yield, a better understanding of how corn-Brachiaria intercropping systems impacts exogenous and endogenous nutrient dynamic is needed. Two experiments were performed in the both conventional and late planting season. In the first, corn and palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) monoculture were compared with two intercropping patterns, directed for production of residues or forage, with simulated animal grazing. Biomass, crop nitrogen (N) content, N derived from fertilizer and N budget were measured. Among farming systems, variable responses remained almost unchanged during period of simultaneous growth. After corn harvest, intercropping patterns achieved greater biomass (0.6-11 Mg ha-1) and N content (12-318 kg ha-1) relative to fallow preceded by corn monoculture, but it results in overall gains (pre and post-harvest) only to conventional planting season. N fertilizer recovery was not affected by intercropping patterns. When corn and Brachiaria were intercropped to establish pasture, simulated grazing after grain harvest had a tightly influence on N budget, approximately -221 kg ha-1. The second experiment investigated the influence of Brachiaria species on corn nutrients partitioning and their cycling after corn harvest. Biomass, N, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content were evaluated using corn intercropped with three species of Brachiaria (B. Brizantha cv Marandu, B. ruziziensis, and B. hybrid cultivar Mulato II, Convert HD 36) and corn monoculture. Biomass and nutrient content was not affect when corn was intercropped with Brachiaria species. After corn harvest, Brachiaria nutrient content and biomass yield were ranking from greater to lower following the order: B. brizantha > B. ruziziensis > B. convert. Relative with the corn monoculture, intercropping treatments enhanced the total biomass (corn + Brachiaria) and the nutrient accumulation only when planted at conventional season. Over 6 site-yr, benefits of intercropping appear after corn harvest, particularly at conventional planting season. Corn intercropped with Brachiaria species either had no effect N fertilizer recovery or affect N-fertilizer distribution within components of soil-plant system. Nonetheless, intercropping provide greater biomass accumulation after harvest compared with corn monoculture, resulting in larger nutrient content stored in plant component. Our results suggest a larger N requirements when crop-livestock activities was integrated. Corn intercropped with B. brizantha during conventional season was the best approach to enhanced crop yield and nutrient cycle for corn production systems.O consórcio entre milho (Zea mays L) e espécies de Brachiaria spp. (syn. Urochloa spp.) desempenha importante função no manejo da agricultura tropical, produzir resíduos ou forragem em áreas intensivamente cultivadas. Apesar de estudos anteriores fornecerem valiosas informações sobre efeitos do consórcio sobre o manejo do solo e produção de biomassa, um melhor entendimento de como este sistema de cultivo afeta a dinâmica de nutrientes (exógenos ou endógeno) é necessário. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos durante a safra e segunda safra. No primeiro, os monocultivos de milho e braquiária (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) foram comparados com dois padrões de consórcio, direcionado a produção de resíduos ou forragem, com simulação do pastejo animal. Biomassa, acúmulo de nitrogênio (N), N- fertilizante e balanço de N foram avaliados. As variáveis respostas praticamente não foram afetadas pelos sistemas de cultivos durante o período de coexistência. Após a colheita do milho, os sistemas consórciados acumularam mais biomassa (0,6 -11 Mg ha-1) e N (12-318 kg ha-1) comparado ao pousio precedido pelo monocultivo de milho, apesar destes incrementos afetarem apenas o acúmulos totais (pré+pós-colheita) do cultivo de safra. A recuperação do N-fertilizante foi semelhante entre os sitemas de cultivo. Quando o consórcio objetivou a implantação de pasto, o pastejo simulado após a colheita do milho influênciou o balanço de N, com deficit de aproximadamente -221 kg ha-1.O segundo experimento foi conduzido para investigar a influência das espécies de Brachiaria sobre o particionamento de nutrientes no milho e a ciclagem pós-colheita de grãos. Produção de biomassa, quantidades de N, fósforo (P) e postássio (K) acumuladas foram avaliadas no monocultivo de milho e em três espécies de Brachiaria spp. (B. Brizantha cv Marandu, B. ruziziensis, and B. hibrido cultivar Mulato II, Convert HD 36) em consórcio com milho. Biomassa e acúmulo de nutrientes não foram afetados no consórcio do milho com as espécies de Brachiaria. Após a colheita do milho, o acúmulo de biomassa e nutrientes das espéceis de braquiária classificadas em ordem decrescente foram: B. brizantha > B. ruziziensis > B. convert. Comparado ao monocultivo de milho, o consórcio aumentou a biomassa total (milho+braquiária) e o acúmulo de nutrientes apenas quando cultivado na safra. Entre os 6 locais/anos, os benefícios do consórcio ocorreu após acolheita do milho, especialmente para o cultivo de safra. O milho consorciado com espécies de Brachiaria não afetou a recuperação do N-fertilizante nem sua distribuição nos componentes do sistema solo-planta. Entretanto, o consórcio proporcionou maior acúmulo de biomassa após a colheita do milho se comparado ao pousio precedido pelo monocultivo de milho, aumentando a porção de nutrientes alocados no compartimento planta do sistema. Nossos resultados sugerem que a integração entre atividades de lavoura e pastejo aumenta a demanda por N do sistema de produção. O consórcio entre milho e Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu no cultivo de safra foi a melhor estratégia para aumentar a produção de biomassa e a ciclagem de nutrientes no sistema de produção do milho.
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Barratt, Paul. "Mechanical muscle properties and intermuscular coordination in maximal and submaximal cycling : theoretical and practical implications." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/9856.
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The ability of an individual to perform a functional movement is determined by a range of mechanical properties including the force and power producing capabilities of muscle, and the interplay of force and power outputs between different muscle groups (intermuscular coordination). Cycling presents an ideal experimental model to investigate these factors as it is an ecologically valid multi-joint movement in which kinematics and resistances can be tightly controlled. The overall goal of this thesis was thereby to investigate mechanical muscle properties and intermuscular coordination during maximal and submaximal cycling. The specific research objectives were (a) to determine the contribution of these factors to maximal and submaximal cycling, and (b) to determine the extent to which these factors set the limit of performance in maximal cycling. The contribution of mechanical muscle properties and intermuscular coordination were investigated by observing joint kinetics and joint kinematics across variations in crank lengths and pedalling rates during maximal and submaximal cycling. The extent to which these factors set the limit of performance in maximal cycling was assessed by observing joint-level kinetics of world-class track sprint cyclists. The findings of this investigation formed the rationale for the fourth study which used an ankle brace intervention to investigate the effects of a fixed ankle on joint biomechanics and performance during maximal cycling. Sophisticated intermuscular coordination strategies were observed in both submaximal and maximal cycling, supporting the generalised notion that high levels of intermuscular coordination are required to perform functional multi-joint movement tasks. Furthermore, it was found that the maximal cycling task is governed by the interaction of the force-velocity relationship and excitation-relaxation kinetics, suggesting that task-specific mechanical muscle properties are the dominant contributing factor in maximal movements. In terms of the extent to which these factors limit performance in maximal cycling, it was demonstrated that world-class track sprint cycling performance is governed by the ability to generate higher joint moments at the ankle and knee, and that these joint moments are facilitated by enhanced muscular strength about these joints. These findings allow us to speculate that the limits of performance in maximal human movements lie in extraordinary muscular strength in task-specific joint actions. These findings give an insight into the mechanisms that underpin maximal and submaximal cycling, and provide a theoretical framework with which to understand sprint cycling performance. This knowledge has significant applied relevance for athletes and coaches seeking to improve sprint cycling performance.
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Dabeet, Antone E. "A practical model for load-unload-reload cycles on sand." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4082.
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The behaviour of sands during loading has been studied in great detail. However, little
work has been devoted to understanding the response of sands in unloading. Drained
triaxial tests indicate that, contrary to the expected elastic behaviour, sand often exhibit
contractive behaviour when unloaded. Undrained cyclic simple shear tests show that the
increase in pore water pressure generated during the unloading cycle often exceeds that
generated during loading. The tendency to contract upon unloading is important in
engineering practice as an increase in pore water pressure during earthquake loading
could result in liquefaction.
This research contributes to filling the gap in our understanding of soil behaviour in
unloading and subsequent reloading. The approach followed includes both theoretical
investigation and numerical implementation of experimental observations of stress
dilatancy in unload-reload loops. The theoretical investigation is done at the micromechanical
level. The numerical approach is developed from observations from drained
triaxial compression tests. The numerical implementation of yield in unloading uses
NorSand — a hardening plasticity model based on the critical state theory, and extends
upon previous understanding. The proposed model is calibrated to Erksak sand and then
used to predict the load-unload-reload behaviour of Fraser River sand. The trends
predicted from the theoretical and numerical approaches match the experimental
observations closely. Shear strength is not highly affected by unload-reload loops.
Conversely, volumetric changes as a result of unloading-reloading are dramatic.
Volumetric strains in unloading depend on the last value of stress ratio (q/p’) in the
previous loading. It appears that major changes in particles arrangement occur once peak
stress ratio is exceeded. The developed unload-reload model requires three additional
input parameters, which were correlated to the monotonic parameters, to represent
hardening in unloading and reloading and the effect of induced fabric changes on stress
dilatancy. The calibrated model gave accurate predictions for the results of triaxial tests
with load-unload-reload cycles on Fraser River sand.
Books on the topic "Cycling practices"
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Scottish Advisory Panel for Outdoor Education. Off-road & trail cycling: Guidelines on good practice for group leaders. Edinburgh: Scottish Sports Council, 1996.
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Education, Scottish Advisory Panel for Outdoor. Off-road & trail cycling: Guidelines on good practice for group leaders. Edinburgh: Scottish Sports Council, 1996.
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Haynes. The Practical Cyclist. New York: New Society Publishers, 2009.
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John, Howard. Dirt!: The philosophy, technique, and practice of mountain biking. New York: Lyons Press, 1997.
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Bicycle gearing: A practical guide. Seattle: Mountaineers, 1989.
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McClintock, Hugh. Planning for cycling: Principles, practice, and solutions for urban planners. Boca Raton [Fla.]: CRC Press, 2002.
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Matthew, Don. More bikes: Policy into best practice. Godalming: Cyclists' Touring Club, 1995.
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Eliz, Ong, ed. Bikes for tykes: A fun, practical guide for kids learning to cycle. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Editions, 2012.
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Petersen, Grant. Just ride: A radically practical guide to riding your bike : equipment, health, safety, attitude. New York: Workman Pub., 2012.
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Pickering, Edward. The illustrated practical encyclopedia of cycling: Training, bike maintenance & racing : everything you need to know about cycling for fitness and leisure, training for both sport and competition, and the greatest races. London: Hermes House, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Cycling practices"
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Moscarelli, Rossella. "Marginality: From Theory to Practices." In Cycling & Walking for Regional Development, 23–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44003-9_3.
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Caimotto, M. Cristina. "Discourse Practices and Power." In Discourses of Cycling, Road Users and Sustainability, 13–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44026-8_2.
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Privitera, Donatella. "Sustainable Urban Mobility and Local Governance Practices: The Case of Cycling in Italian Cities." In Local and Urban Governance, 335–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47135-4_17.
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Fortes, Inês, Diana Pinto, Joana Vieira, Ricardo Pessoa, and Rui José. "The Perspective of Cyclists on Current Practices with Digital Tools and Envisioned Services for Urban Cycling." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 313–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72657-7_30.
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Reetsch, Anika, Didas Kimaro, Karl-Heinz Feger, and Kai Schwärzel. "Traditional and Adapted Composting Practices Applied in Smallholder Banana-Coffee-Based Farming Systems: Case Studies from Kagera and Morogoro Regions, Tanzania." In Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking, 165–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_8.
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AbstractIn Tanzania, about 90% of the banana-coffee-based farming systems lie in the hands of smallholder farmer families. In these systems, smallholder farmers traditionally add farm waste to crop fields, making soils rich in organic matter (humus) and plant-available nutrients. Correspondingly, soils remained fertile during cultivation for over a century. Since the 1960s, the increasing demand for food and biofuels of a growing population has resulted in an overuse of these farming systems, which has occurred in tandem with deforestation, omitted fallows, declined farm size, and soil erosion. Hence, humus and nutrient contents in soils have decreased and soils gradually degraded. Inadequate use of farm waste has led to a further reduction in soil fertility, as less organic material is added to the soils for nutrient supply than is removed during harvesting. Acknowledging that the traditional use of farm waste successfully built up soil fertility over a century and has been reduced in only a few decades, we argue that traditional composting practices can play a key role in rebuilding soil fertility, if such practices are adapted to face the modern challenges. In this chapter, we discuss two cases in Tanzania: one on the traditional use of compost in the Kagera region (Great African Rift Valley) and another about adapted practices to produce compost manure in the Morogoro region (Uluguru Mountains). Both cases refer to rainfed, smallholder banana-coffee-based farming systems. To conclude, optimised composting practices enable the replenishment of soil nutrients, increase the capacity of soils to store plant-available nutrients and water and thus, enhance soil fertility and food production in degraded banana-coffee-based farming systems. We further conclude that future research is needed on a) nutrient cycling in farms implementing different composting practices and on b) socio-economic analyses of farm households that do not successfully restore soil fertility through composting.
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Dallat, Clare, and Ama Clacy. "EAST in Elite Women’s Cycling Teams." In Systems Thinking in Practice, 157–67. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315104683-8.
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Mikkelsen, Bent Egberg, and Collins Momanyi Bosire. "Food, Sustainability, and Science Literacy in One Package? Opportunities and Challenges in Using Aquaponics Among Young People at School, a Danish Perspective." In Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 597–606. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_23.
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AbstractThe call for sustainable food production and consumption has led to an increased interest and new policy measures to support the circular economy and climate-smart farming practices. The merits of aquaponics and closed-loop nutrient cycling systems are increasingly being examined in terms of sustainable productivity in various settings including urban environments. Aquaponics also has the potential to be applied as a learning tool for people of all ages but especially for young people at school. This chapter studies the potential of aquaponics to teach food and science literacy and the use of the technology as an educational tool in primary school. The chapter draws on data from the Growing Blue & Green (GBG) program carried out in cooperation among Aalborg University, Copenhagen, municipal schools and their teachers and a private aquaponic enterprise. The chapter draws on three empirical studies including an exploratory study on the educational opportunities at school, a feasibility study carried out among teachers, as well as the educational Growing Blue & Green (eGBG) study, in which a digital-based regulation component was added. The conclusion is that low-cost versions of aquaponics have considerable potential for supportive learning in elementary school. Preliminary findings furthermore suggest that fitting the setup with easy-to-install intelligent sensors and devices offers the opportunity to provide learning about food, sustainability, and a basic understanding of the control and management of biological systems in one package.
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Cook, James. "Mass cycles between English and continental practice." In The Cyclic Mass, 75–101. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Royal Musical Association monographs ; 33: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351042383-4.
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Pratt, M. J. "Cyclide Blending in Solid Modelling." In Theory and Practice of Geometric Modeling, 235–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61542-9_15.
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Schröder, Heiko, Ondrej Sýykoa, and Imrich Vrt’o. "Cyclic Cutwidth of the Mesh." In SOFSEM’99: Theory and Practice of Informatics, 449–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-47849-3_33.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Cycling practices"
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Morandini, Marcella. "Cycling Management: The Success Story of the City of Bolzano Bozen." In First International Symposium on Transportation and Development Innovative Best Practices. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40961(319)16.
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Okraszewska, Romanika, and Zofia Jagielska. "Comparison of Polish and Danish Approach to Promotion of Cycling." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.111.
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The article describes two different approaches to promotion of cycling from Denmark and Poland. In the former the promotion locally from 2009 to 2015 has been supported financially by the national government and where initiatives partly have been financed by the national level. In Poland, the promotion has been implemented often as a result of bottom up initiatives and financed solely on local level often with the support of EU funds. Authors will indicate the strengths of each approach and will formulate recommendations for promoting bike strategy based on the best practices.
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Stebner, Aaron, Joseph Krueger, Anselm J. Neurohr, David C. Dunand, L. Catherine Brinson, James H. Mabe, and Frederick T. Calkins. "Light-Weight, Fast-Cycling, Shape-Memory Actuation Structures." In ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2011-4988.
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While bulk shape memory alloys (SMAs) have proven a successful means for creating adaptive aerospace structures in many demonstrations, including live flight tests, the time required to cool such actuators has been identified as a property that could inhibit their commercial implementation in some circumstances. To determine best practices for improving cooling times, several approaches to increase the surface area and reduce the mass of existing bulk actuator technologies have been examined. Specifically, geometries created using traditional milling and EDM techniques were compared with micro-channel geometries made possible by a new electrochemical milling process developed at Northwestern. The latter technique involves imbedding steel space-holders in a matrix of NiTi powders, hot isostatic pressing the preform into a dense composite, and then electro-chemically dissolving the steel. Thus, in a two-step process, it is possible to create an actuation structure with numerous micro-channels with excellent control of geometry, shape, size and placement, to reduce weight and increase surface area (and thus decrease response time) without compromising actuator performance. In this paper, the new, lighter-weight, faster cycling shape-memory alloy actuation structures resulting from each technique are reviewed. Their performances are compared and contrasted through the results of a numerical study conducted with a 3D SMA constitutive law developed specifically to handle the complex, non-proportional loadings that arise in porous structures. It is shown that using micro-channel technology, cooling times are significantly reduced relative to traditional machining techniques for the same amount of mass reduction.
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Palakodeti, S. Rao, and Gregory Doelger. "Change Your Maintenance Philosophy When You Convert a Base Loaded Unit to Cycling Operation." In ASME 2010 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2010-27138.
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With the fuel prices going up and many states mandating use of more renewable energy, a number of utilities are forced to convert some of their base loaded units to cycling operation. This change in operation requires a departure from the standard maintenance practices established for a given unit. This includes changes to Preventative Maintenance (PM), Predictive Maintenance (PdM), Planning and Scheduling and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). When a unit is cycled — either minimum load to maximum load or two shift operation — it goes through stress cycles and its expected life decreases relative to the severity of cycling. When a decision is made to cycle a base loaded unit, the impact of the cycling has to be analyzed and the PM and PdM procedures need to be modified in order to maintain the expected life of the components. Cycling affects different components to different degrees and appropriate inspection and maintenance schedules need to be developed. The Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) have to be modified to monitor the effectiveness of the inspections and maintenance performed on the equipment. For example, Maintenance Basis Violation (MBV) is an important KPI for a cycling unit. Similarly, more attention has to be paid to the Planning and Scheduling activities as there are many uncertainties in the availability of the unit for preventative maintenance. The paradigm of performing PMs on a time basis should be changed to a throughput or hours of operation basis. This paper reviews the impact and severity of different cycling modes on a unit, vulnerability of common components adapting to the new mode, and discusses — in general terms — the required changes which need to be made in the inspection and maintenance practices. Also the paper reviews various KPIs that can be put in place for monitoring the impact of these procedures.
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Aumuller, John J., Toshiya Yamamoto, and Zengtao Chen. "Further Considerations for the Determination of Service Life for Delayed Coker Drums." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84005.
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Delayed coker drums are unique in hydrocarbon processing facilities in that estimating their true design and service life has been problematic. Generally, pressure containing equipment in these facilities is designed using the notion of design life based on required pressure thickness and corrosion allowance considerations. Hence, pressure containing equipment is routinely monitored by facility inspectors for wall thickness. Although many analysts have ascribed coke drum failure to “thermal stress cycling”, the difficulty posed by the operation of coke drums results in an inability to measure or calculate the magnitude of the thermo-mechanical “stresses” and the actual number of significant exposures, that is, cycles causing fatigue damage. As well, the use of Code construction practices has been generally misapplied, for this specific equipment, as the practices are intended to define a safe design life rather than a service life. Indirect measures of service life based on shell bulge severity have fallen from favor by being ineffective. A trend to use a strain index method is somewhat more appealing but is based on static load and monotonic material property considerations rather than those properties indicative of thermal cyclic operation. Recent work has shown that thermo-mechanical strain cycling can be characterized quantitatively and used to determine a cyclic service life for both undamaged and damaged coke drums. This paper discusses some of the engineering specifics to generate a high probability estimate of coke drum fatigue service life for a new drum, a damaged-stable drum, drums with weld overlay and for drums exhibiting incremental damage.
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Tran, Jonny, Karen Hammond, and Kathleen Griffin. "Technical Competency Assurance for Pipeline Integrity Professionals: A Model and a Toolkit." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64195.
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The integrity of a pipeline and the competence of those who manage it are undeniably linked — you can’t have one without the other. While few would argue this point, the process of how best to define, measre, develop and assure the competency of pipeline professionals, especially those working outside of field operations, is far less certain. The Pipeline Integrity (PI) department of the Liquids Pipelines (LP) division of Enbridge took on this challenge. Following a review of best practices and technical competency models in diverse industries, Enbridge custom-built an innovative technical competency model for Pipeline Integrity Professionals, from junior engineers to senior specialists and managers. The model includes competencies both general (e.g., communication, project management) and highly specific to the work of pipeline integrity (e.g., tank integrity management, internal corrosion engineering, pressure cycling management). This paper will describe the Enbridge Pipeline Integrity Technical Competency Model and “toolkit” in detail, including the architecture, competency library, measurement scale and assessment process. The business case, best practices research, project governance, development process and lessons learned are also described in order to provide a robust case study and practical guideline for others in the pipeline sector seeking to define and manage competencies for technical professionals.
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Aumuller, John J., and Vincent Carucci. "Premature Degradation and Failure of Steam-Methane Reformer Heater System Components." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84006.
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Bulk hydrogen production in a petroleum refinery by steam–methane reforming utilizes high temperatures, moderate pressures and catalyst – filled tubes which generate high tube temperatures of up to 1,690 °F [920 °C] imposing relatively harsh performance demands on system components which are not usually encountered in other refinery or petrochemical plant equipment. Creep rupture and high temperature cycling place a severe service duty on the catalyst tubes, tube outlet pigtails, the subheader train and the downstream steam generator leading to ruptured pigtails, cracking in sub-headers and break up of the ceramic tube sheet ferrules at the steam generator inlet tubesheet. Although the industry has developed specific fit-for-purpose design practice standards augmented with detailed technical reports, reliability issues persist and regularly force premature shutdown of the reformer heater and downstream heat recovery equipment. Among these practices are API Standard 530 and API TR 942-A. API 530 assists designers in the selection of materials and determination of pressure design thickness of heater tubes while API TR 942-A attempts to reconcile the contradictory industry experience where some operators have little or no problems while others suffer premature degradation and cracking of outlet pigtails and manifold components. A reconciliation between application of industry design practices and equipment performance is presented in this paper to determine whether systemic issues contribute to the apparent situation; and, recommendations are made for pressure component design and material selection for steam-methane reformers.
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Matsuno, Hiroshi, and Yoshihiko Mukai. "Practical Criterion for Estimation of Notch Fatigue Strength." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2760.
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In the present study, a practical criterion for the estimation of the fatigue strength of notched specimens is discussed from a practical standpoint of design and maintenance of machines and structures. First of all, a hypothesis of “Fatigue Plastic Adaption” is proposed as one idea that is available to combine microscopic and macroscopic approaches to fatigue plasticity. The hypothesis expresses that, at a surface layer and at a notch root, elastic deformation arising at the cyclic maximum stress is transformed into local and inhomogeneous plastic deformation. Based on the hypothesis, mechanical models are constructed in order to simulate cyclic stress behavior at the surface layer and at the notch root. As a result, “Equivalent Stress Ratio” is formulated as a parameter for correspondence of cyclic stress conditions between notched and unnotched specimens. Moreover, on the basis of the hypothesis of the plastic adaptation, the equation of the equivalent stress ratio is also derived for the case of biaxial stress cycling in torsion, and it is finally expanded for the general case of proportional multiaxial stress cycling. The published fatigue data concerning tension-compression, bending, torsion and their combined loading are rearranged on the diagram where an abscissa indicates the equivalent stress ratio and an ordinate indicates the stress range at the notch root. As the result, it is recognized that the relation between the equivalent stress ratio and the notch-root-concentrated stress range is shown by a certain curve proper to material in spite of difference of stress concentration factors, loading types and mean stresses. Consequently, a criterion for notch fatigue strength is described on the basis of the equivalent stress ratio, i.e., the notch-root-concentrated stress range at the fatigue strength of the notched specimen for any nominal stress ratio is identical with the fatigue strength of the unnotched specimen for the equivalent stress ratio.
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Wijerathne, Nipun, Sanjana Kadaba Viswanath, Marakkalage Sumudu Hasala, Victoria Beltran, Chau Yuen, and Hock Beng Lim. "Towards comfortable cycling: A practical approach to monitor the conditions in cycling paths." In 2018 IEEE 4th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wf-iot.2018.8355173.
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Vivanco, José Antonio. "Understanding cycling in Quito through the lens of Social Practice Theory." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6070.
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Understanding cycling in Quito through the lens of Social Practice Theory. José Antonio Vivanco Viladot The Bartlett School of Planning, University College of London, Central House, 14 Upper Woburn Place, WC1H 0NN, London. E-mail: jose.viladot.15@ucl.ac.uk Keywords: Quito, Ecuador, Social Practice Theory, Transport behavior, Cycling Conference topics and scale: Urban form and social use of space In Quito, the relatively recent development of infrastructure and programs to promote cycling has become central in the discussion for sustainable mobility[1]. Moreover, considering that the scheme ‘Ciclopaseo’ has been an important dominical event for many families over a decade, if compared with the low rates of cycling in the modal share, questions surge about the effectiveness of all these measures. Moreover, the appropriateness of cycling in a city with geographical, morphological, social, and cultural challenges for practitioners has been analysed. The use of Social Practice Theory[2] provides a theoretical framework to understand holistically the daily mobility of two groups: a representative sample composed by University students, gives a specific target for policy making; while a parallel sample puts into perspective the validity of the results. SSPS and ArcGIS are used for the analysis of primary data collected with Google Forms. Overall, the analysis of each one of the elements of practice explains a dimension of the self-reinforcing barriers to cycle. It is revealed that the construction of meanings in daily travel, especially cycling, is based on instrumental factors such as travel time and distance, but non-instrumental factors related to safeness and security weigh heavily in travel behaviour, creating psychological barriers to cycling. It is concluded that reshaping the meanings of cycling is necessary by the construction of a culture of ‘road user behaviour’, the creation of physic-temporal-symbolic spaces to build cycling skills, and later transform the transport system, road infrastructure, streetscape, and the social rhythms of Quito into cycle-friendly spaces. References: [1] Mogollón, D.O. & Albornoz, M.B.B. (2016) ‘La bicicleta y la transformación del espacio público en Quito (2003-2014)’. Letras Verdes. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Socioambientales 19, 24-44. [2] Shove, E. (2010) ‘Beyond the ABC: climate change policy and theories of social change’, uofool of Planning. , K.,l life'ollege of London.Environment and planning A, 42(6), 1273-85. Schatzki, T. (2009) ‘Timespace and the organization of social life’. In Shove, E., Trentmann, F. & Wilk, R. Time, consumption and everyday life: Practice, materiality and culture. London: Bloomsbury, 35-48. Schwanen, T. & Lucas, K. (2011) ‘Chapter 1: Understanding Auto Motives’. In Lucas, K., Blumenberg, E. & Weinberger, Auto motives : understanding car use behaviours (Evelyn Blumenberg)
Reports on the topic "Cycling practices"
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Gill, Philip E., and Walter Murray. A Practical Anti-Cycling Procedure for Linear and Nonlinear Programming. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada198943.
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Sarofim, Samer. Developing an Effective Targeted Mobile Application to Enhance Transportation Safety and Use of Active Transportation Modes in Fresno County: The Role of Application Design & Content. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2013.
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This research empirically investigates the need for, and the effective design and content of, a proposed mobile application that is targeted at pedestrians and cyclists in Fresno County. The differential effect of the proposed mobile app name and colors on the target audience opinions was examined. Further, app content and features were evaluated for importance and the likelihood of use. This included design appeal, attractiveness, relevance, ease of navigation, usefulness of functions, personalization and customization, message recipients’ attitudes towards message framing, and intended behaviors related to pedestrian, cyclist, and motorist traffic safety practices. Design mobile application features tested included image aesthetics, coherence and organization, and memorability and distinction. Potential engagement with the mobile app was assessed via measuring the users’ perceived enjoyment while using the app. The behavioral intentions to adopt the app and likelihood to recommend the app were assessed. The willingness to pay for purchasing the app was measured. This research provided evidence that a mobile application designed for pedestrians and cyclists is needed, with high intentions for its adoption. Functions, such as Safety Information, Weather Conditions, Guide to Trails, Events for Walkers and Bikers, and Promotional Offers are deemed important by the target population. This research was conducted in an effort to increase active transportation mode utilization and to enhance the safety of vulnerable road users. The public, city administrators, transportation authorities, and policy makers shall benefit from the results of this study by adapting the design and the features that are proposed in this research and were found appealing and useful for the target vulnerable road user groups. The need of the proposed mobile application and its main functions are established, based on the results of this research, which propagates further steps of implementation by city administrators and transportation authorities.