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Journal articles on the topic 'Cycling – History – 19th century'

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Published: 26 July 2024

Last updated: 27 July 2024

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1

Halberg, F., G. Cornélissen, K. H. Bernhardt, M. Sampson, O. Schwartzkopff, and D. Sonntag. "Egeson's (George's) transtridecadal weather cycling and sunspots." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 1, no. 2 (September 1, 2010): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-1-49-2010.

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Abstract. In the late 19th century, Charles Egeson, a map compiler at the Sydney Observatory, carried out some of the earliest research on climatic cycles, linking them to about 33-year cycles in solar activity, and predicted that a devastating drought would strike Australia at the turn of the 20th century. Eduard Brückner and William J. S. Lockyer, who, like Egeson, found similar cycles, with notable exceptions, are also, like the map compiler, mostly forgotten. But the transtridecadal cycles are important in human physiology, economics and other affairs and are particularly pertinent to ongoing discusions of climate change. Egeson's publication of daily weather reports preceded those officially recorded. Their publication led to clashes with his superiors and his personal life was marked by run-ins with the law and, possibly, an implied, but not proven, confinement in an insane asylum and premature death. We here track what little is known of Egeson's life and of his bucking of the conventional scientific wisdom of his time with tragic results.

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2

Quin, Grégory, Philippe Vonnard, Gil Mayencourt, and Sébastien Cala. "La fabrique des sports nationaux. A History of the Swiss sporting elite (late 19th-early 20th century)." Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 8, no. 2 (February 14, 2023): 079. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/2023.2ciss079.

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The present contribution presents the results of the eponymous research project, which focuses on the understanding of the genesis and structure of the Swiss sports field between the 1860s and the 1930s. During this period, national umbrella organisations for all physical activities and sports developed. Within the framework of this project, which focuses on several sports (gymnastics, shooting, national games, football and cycling, with the addition of skiing on the basis of related doctoral work), we will present our main results, in particular on the organisations in charge of the governance of the sports identified as central, in order to shed light on the struggles but also on the links that were to be forged between them, as well as to question the recruitment, the profiles and the motivations of their leading elites. Based on the collection and analysis of unpublished documentation, especially prosopographical, this project brings to light a double original process to which the space of physical and sports activities is subjected: on the one hand, that of sportivisation, on the other hand, that of nationalisation. In the framework of this contribution, we will present a selection of emblematic cases of presidents of Swiss sports federations, at the time of the Fin-de-Siècle and up to the interwar period, o compare the different traditions existing in the studied sports and to underline the processes leading to the status of “national sports”.

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3

Plath, Ulrike, Elle-Mari Talivee, Kadri Tüür, and Aet Annist. "Loodusmõttest aktivismini: saateks keskkondluse erinumbrile / From Nature Contemplation to Activism: A Special Issue on Environmentalism." Methis. Studia humaniora Estonica 24, no. 30 (December 13, 2022): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/methis.v24i30.22100.

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The introduction to the special issue of Methis on Estonian environmentalism provides an overview of the phenomenon of environmentalism and its spread across political periods, economic formations, and regions. The essay starts by contextualising the central concepts of the issue, ‘environmentalism’ and its possible translation into Estonian as ‘keskkondlus’, and its relationship with the concept of ‘nature’. At the end of the 1980s, amidst a deepening awareness of environmental crisis, some authors announced ‘nature’ to have met its end. While this end has become widely accepted within environmental discourse, the approach clashes with the traditional thinking about the beauty of nature and its strong bonds with national identities. To foster discussion and to bridge the discursive and ideological gap between the two perceptions, the authors of the articles use the concept as an umbrella term for both paradigms. The second part of the introductory article discusses East European environmentalism, drawing attention to the research into erroneous assumptions regarding the lack of environmental activism within the Soviet Union. Before its brief heyday in the 1980s, East European environmentalism was hidden within economy, policy, society and culture. However, its roots went deeper, reaching back to 18th- and 19th-century thought, to Baltic German – and later Estonian – early voluntary associations and the value seen in the homeland and its natural objects. The founding of animal and nature protection societies in the late 19th century was an early practical outcome, and similar thought became pronounced in print culture. In early 20th century, several nature protection areas were established, and people became avid consumers of popular science journals – an interest that would continue throughout the Soviet period. The 1970s saw an environmental movement to protect the wetlands of Estonia which were in danger of being drained. Throughout the 20th century, also fiction reflected the prevailing views of nature and emerging concerns about the environment. The issue’s opening article by Ulrike Plath and Kaarel Vanamölder takes us back to the 17th century to demonstrate the possibility of climate movements more than three centuries ago. This is followed by Karl Hein’s case study that depicts in detail the emergence of animal protection in Estonia a hundred years ago in the context of local and regional history. The next four articles focus on different aspects of environmental movements in the Soviet period. Elle-Mari Talivee retells the story of the peculiar character of Atom-Boy created by the childrens’ author Vladimir Beekman who depicts in this form the various developments in the Soviet nuclear industry. This example from children’s literature is paralleled by similar environmental concerns expressed in visual arts, as outlined in Linda Kaljundi’s article. In a more theoretical take on liberal and autocratic environmental protection, Viktor Pál discusses the Soviet propagandistic use of environmental issues. Olev Liivik contextualises the protests against phosphorite mining in the 1970–80s within the wider trends in the Soviet Union, including the practice of sending letters of complaint to the media, and the various waves of environmental dissent. The discussion of a more compact case of the so-called Green Cycling Tours by Tambet Muide demonstrates the same increasingly oppositional stance that took hold in the 1980s. Regarding the post-Soviet era, Tõnno Jonuks, Lona Päll, Atko Remmel and Ulla Kadakas analyse the various conflicts that have emerged around natural and cultural objects protected by law since the 1990s. In the freestanding article of the issue, Raili Lass writes on interlinguistic and intersemiotic procedures of translation in the theatre but, as our introductory essay suggests, points of convergence may be found here with the discussion of staging of conflicts in environmental protection. In the “Theory in Translation” section Timothy Morton’s classic discussion of environmentalism is published in Ene-Reet Soovik’s translation, accompanied by introductory remarks from the translator and Kadri Tüür. The final part of the issue’s introduction offers a comparative and interdisciplinary take on the themes discussed. The revelatory nature of historical events of any era, especially natural disasters or the conditions of their unfolding, uncovers the socio-environmental relations that push people to respond. Whether or not such responses become environmental movements depends on the context that either recognises or ignores human embeddedness in the environment. Searching for such parallels connects 21st century climate activism and 17th century upheavals, animal protection in the 1920s and a hundred years later. The Soviet period allows a simultaneous scrutiny of both the limited and ideological take on the apparent lack of Soviet environmentalism as well as the methodological challenges of finding the footprints of hidden awareness and activism. Unearthing this from literature, art and the restrained presence of expert voices also provides an explanation to the sudden explosion of activism in the 1980s. The silence of the next decades further proves that there is nothing obvious in the ways in which environmentalism can take hold of society, which demands precise and detailed inquiry such as provided by the authors of this special issue.

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4

Driel, Lodewijk van. "19th-century linguistics." Historiographia Linguistica 15, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1988): 155–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.15.1-2.09dri.

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Summary In this paper an attempt has been made to draw a picture of linguistics in the Netherlands during the 19th century. The aim of this survey is to make clear that the influence of German linguistics on Dutch works of the period is characteristic of the development of Dutch linguistics in that century. Emphasis has been placed on the period 1800–1870; three traditions are distinguished: First of all there is the tradition of prescriptive grammar and language instruction. Next attention is drawn to the tradition of historical-comparative linguistics. Finally, by about the middle of the century, the linguistic views of German representatives of general grammar become prominent in Dutch school grammars. Successively we point to the reception by the schoolmasters of K. F. Becker’s (1775–1849) work; then Taco Roorda (1801–1874) is discussed, and the relationship between L. A. te Winkel (1809–1868) and H. Steinthal (1823–1899) is presented. In conjunction with Roorda’s work on Javanese the analysis of the so-called exotic languages is mentioned, an aspect of Dutch linguistics in the 19th century closely connected with the Dutch East Indies. It is obvious that the German theme is one of the most conspicuous common elements in 19th-century Dutch linguistics, as Dutch intellectuals in many respects took German culture as a model.

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Wilson, Robin. "19th-Century Mathematical Physics." Mathematical Intelligencer 40, no. 4 (September 17, 2018): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00283-018-9836-0.

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6

Rockenbach, Stephen, and William L. Barney. "A Companion to 19th-Century America." Journal of Southern History 74, no. 4 (November 1, 2008): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27650332.

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7

Batinić, Štefka. "Croatian Pedagogy in the 19th Century." Review of Croatian history 19, no. 1 (December 20, 2023): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22586/rch.v19i1.28480.

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The transfer of European pedagogical ideas and practices to Croatia during the 19th century, when the Croatian pedagogy was being established, could be observed at three basic levels: at the level of formal pedagogical education of teachers, at the level of scholarly texts on pedagogy and the level of studying and professional development abroad.Teachers had a pivotal role in the development of the practice and theory of pedagogy, which was important to them for the improvement of their teaching, as well as for their professional identity. For that reason, they were initiating publication of subject-specific journals, writing textbooks on pedagogy and translating European pedagogy classics to Croatian. The publishing activity of the Croatian Pedagogical-Literary Assembly had a major influence on the appearance of scholarly texts on pedagogy. Immediately upon its establishment in 1871, it initiated an editorial series Knjižnica za učitelje (Library for Teachers), within which 54 volumes were published by 1917, including the translations of the works by major pedagogy authors, such as Comenius (Didaktika, 1871, Informatorijum za školu materinsku, 1886, Velika didaktika, 1900), Spencer (Nauk ob uzgoju, 1883), Rousseau (Emil ili ob uzgoju, 1887-1889), Pestalozzi (Miroslav i Bogoljuba, 1891) and Rabelais (Misli o uzgoju, 1894).The Croatian Pedagogical-Literary Assembly also published a compilation of pedagogical textbooks by Stjepan Basariček – Uzgojoslovje (1880), Povijest pedagogije (1881), Obće obukoslovje (1882) i Posebno obukoslovje (1884). His textbooks were theoretically based on the works of the German pedagogue Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776-1841) and were used in teacher education schools, with some revisions and new editions, until the 1920s.

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8

Su, Wen-yang, Hao-rong Lin, and Anastasia Kabachkova. "A review of the development history of exercise physiology." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, no. 12-3 (December 1, 2022): 378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202212statyi92.

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This article attempts to organize the development history and course of exercise physiology. The authors take the initial enlightenment stage, the end of the 18th century to the middle of the 19th century, the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, and the 1920s to the 1940s as the time nodes.

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9

Kahlow, Andreas. "Materials in 19th century Germany." History and Technology 7, no. 3-4 (July 1991): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07341519108581779.

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10

Nicholls, E. Henry. "Snaphots of 19th-century science." Endeavour 29, no. 3 (September 2005): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.endeavour.2005.07.003.

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11

Sofen, E. D., B. Alexander, E. J. Steig, M. H. Thiemens, S. A. Kunasek, H. M. Amos, A. J. Schauer, et al. "WAIS Divide ice core suggests sustained changes in the atmospheric formation pathways of sulfate and nitrate since the 19th century in the extratropical Southern Hemisphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 11 (June 11, 2014): 5749–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5749-2014.

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Abstract. The 17O excess (Δ17O = δ17O−0.52 × δ18O) of sulfate and nitrate reflects the relative importance of their different production pathways in the atmosphere. A new record of sulfate and nitrate Δ17O spanning the last 2400 years from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide ice core project shows significant changes in both sulfate and nitrate Δ17O in the most recent 200 years, indicating changes in their formation pathways. The sulfate Δ17O record exhibits a 1.1 ‰ increase in the early 19th century from (2.4 ± 0.2) ‰ to (3.5 ± 0.2) ‰, which suggests that an additional 12–18% of sulfate formation occurs via aqueous-phase production by O3, relative to that in the gas phase. Nitrate Δ17O gradually decreases over the whole record, with a more rapid decrease between the mid-19th century and the present day of 5.6 ‰, indicating an increasing importance of RO2 in NOx cycling between the mid-19th century and the present day in the mid- to high-latitude Southern Hemisphere. The former has implications for the climate impacts of sulfate aerosol, while the latter has implications for the tropospheric O3 production rate in remote low-NOx environments. Using other ice core observations, we rule out drivers for these changes other than variability in extratropical oxidant (OH, O3, RO2, H2O2, and reactive halogens) concentrations. However, assuming OH, H2O2, and O3 are the main oxidants contributing to sulfate formation, Monte Carlo box model simulations require a large (≥ 260%) increase in the O3 / OH mole fraction ratio over the Southern Ocean in the early 19th century to match the sulfate Δ17O record. This unlikely scenario points to a~deficiency in our understanding of sulfur chemistry and suggests other oxidants may play an important role in sulfate formation in the mid- to high-latitude marine boundary layer. The observed decrease in nitrate Δ17O since the mid-19th century is most likely due to an increased importance of RO2 over O3 in NOx cycling and can be explained by a 60–90% decrease in the O3 / RO2 mole fraction ratio in the extratropical Southern Hemisphere NOx-source regions.

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12

Kalinina, Elena A. "Libraries of Educations Institutions in Russia in the First Half of 19th Century." Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)], no. 4 (August 12, 2010): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2010-0-4-96-101.

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Libraries are the integral part of cultural history of Russia. Widespread opening of school libraries in the Russian Empire began in the early 19th century. They began opening school libraries across Russia in the beginning of the 19th century. The paper aims to show the formation and development of libraries in educational institutions of Russia in the first half of the 19th century. The research is based on legislative documents regulating the functions of activity of school libraries and archival materials on the Russian history of the 19th century.

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13

Battaner Moro, Elena. "A 19th-century speaking machine." Historiographia Linguistica 34, no. 1 (June 18, 2007): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.34.1.03bat.

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Summary The Tecnefón is a speaking machine developed in Spain in the 1860s by Severino Pérez y Vázquez. Pérez’s main book on the Tecnefón was published in 1868. Within the context of speaking machines designed from the 18th century onwards, the Tecnefón is built on an acoustical basis; hence it is different from W. von Kempelen’s device, which tried to ‘replicate’ the phonatory system. The Tecnefón has three main parts: a drum that generates sound (the source), an air chamber to hold such sound, and a set of tubes, chambers, and other artefacts propelled by a keyboard. Pérez created a prototype of a speaking machine that performed five vowels and six consonants, so it could ‘speak’ many sentences in Spanish. To this he added accent and intonation with a lever. However, the Tecnefón was never finished due to institutional circumstances that prevented Pérez from pursuing his research.

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Crosland, M. P. "Two 19th-century French physical scientists." Metascience 19, no. 2 (April 7, 2010): 329–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11016-010-9365-8.

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15

Doležalová, Eva, Marie Šedivá Koldinská, Martin Sekera, Jana Mezerová, and Marek Junek. "History." Muzeum: Muzejní a vlastivedná práce 55, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mmvp-2017-0033.

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Abstract The exposition named History will present the development of the Czech lands from the 9th century till the present. The exposition will be divided into two separate spaces – the Historical Building of the National Museum will house the history of the 9th–19th centuries and the New Building of the National Museum will house the history from the 20th century. Despite reflecting to a certain extent the traditional division of the Middle Ages, Early Modern Period, the “long” 19th century, and the 20th century, the narrative will be continuous without any artificial historical disruptions. We will debunk some historical myths and stereotypes. Emphasis will be laid on the presentation of items from the collections of the National Museum. A certain update will also be important, i.e. the presentation of ideas and symbols, that we refer to today. Parallel narratives will be nonetheless important, as they will show that history is not unambiguous and that certain events can be viewed from several different perspectives (e.g. the winner and the loser, nobleman and subject). Last but not least, we will address the issues of individual freedom and its limits.

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Kulbaka, Jacek. "From the history of disabilities (16th-19th century)." Biuletyn Historii Wychowania, no. 38 (October 11, 2019): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bhw.2018.38.2.

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The article presents various circumstances (social, legal, philosophical and scientific) connected with the care, upbringing and education of people with disabilities from the early modern era to the beginning of the 20th century. Particular attention was to the history of people with disabilities in the Polish lands. The author tried to recall the activity of leading educational activists, pedagogues and scientists – animators of special education in Poland, Europe and the world. The text also contains information related to the activities of educational and upbringing institutions (institutional, organisational, methodological and other aspects).

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17

Hughes, John R. "A history of neurophysiology in the 19th century." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 69, no. 5 (May 1988): 495–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(88)90073-9.

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Kaminski, H. J. "A History of Neurophysiology in the 19th Century." Neurology 38, no. 12 (December 1, 1988): 1901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.38.12.1901-a.

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19

Bodenhorn, Howard. "Criminal sentencing in 19th-century Pennsylvania." Explorations in Economic History 46, no. 3 (July 2009): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2009.03.001.

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20

Coultrap-McQuin, Susan, and Susan K. Harris. "19th-Century American Women's Novels: Interpretative Strategies." Journal of American History 78, no. 2 (September 1991): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2079580.

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21

Spielman, Andrew I., and Judit Forrai. "History of the dental floss." Kaleidoscope history 13, no. 26 (2023): 428–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.26.

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22

Kyrchanoff, Maksym Waler'evich. "The concept of the "long 19th century" as an ideal model for studying socio-political transformations in Indonesia at the regional level." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 1 (January 2024): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2024.1.69570.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the possibility of using the concept of the “long 19th century” as an interpretative model of historical science that claims to be universal. The author analyzes the concept of the “long 19th century” proposed by Eric Hobsbawm. The subject of the article is the concept of the “long 19th century”, the object is the possibility of its application and transplantation into Indonesian historical research. The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of the concept of the “long 19th century” as an interpretative model that allows us to analyze the features of the historical, social and cultural development of the territories of Indonesia, reduced in this article to Aceh. It is assumed that the interpretive models proposed by Western historians have a claim to universality, although the effect of their transplantation into non-Western historical contexts may be limited. The article analyzes 1) the features of the social and economic components in the transformation of Aceh during the “long 19th century”, 2) the role of the Islam in political changes in the region is revealed, 3) the consequences of the “long 19th century” for the subsequent history of the region are studied. The article shows the potential of the concept of the “long 19th century” for analyzing the history of social and political transformations in Indonesia through the prism of regional history. The results of the study suggest that the effect of using the concept of the “long 19th century” is limited. The author believes that this interpretative model is relatively effective and useful for analyzing social and political dynamics through the prism of religious institutions as sources and incentives for change, transformation and change in a modernizing society, to which Aceh belonged during the analyzed period of history.

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Mudry, Albert, Robert Mlynski, and Burkhard Kramp. "History of otorhinolaryngology in Germany before 1921." HNO 69, no. 5 (April 13, 2021): 338–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00106-021-01046-9.

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AbstractIn 2021, the German Society of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery is celebrating the 100th anniversary of its foundation. The aim of this article is to present the main inventions and progress made in Germany before 1921, the date the society was founded. Three chronological periods are discernible: the history of otorhinolaryngology (ORL) in Germany until the beginning of the 19th century, focusing mainly on the development of scattered knowledge; the birth of the sub-specialties otology, laryngology (pharyngo-laryngology and endoscopy), and rhinology in the 19th century, combining advances in knowledge and implementation of academic structures; and the creation of the ORL specialty at the turn of the 20th century, mainly concentrating on academic organization and expansion. This period was crucial and allowed for the foundation of the German Society of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery on solid ground. Germany played an important role in the development and progress of ORL internationally in the 19th century with such great contributors as Anton von Tröltsch, Hermann Schwartze, Otto Körner, Rudolf Voltolini, and Gustav Killian to mention a few.

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Hochadel, Oliver. "Science in the 19th-century zoo." Endeavour 29, no. 1 (March 2005): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.endeavour.2004.11.002.

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VAN OYEN, G. "The Doublets in 19th-Century Gospel Study." Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses 73, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 277–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/etl.73.4.504828.

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Marder, Nancy S. "The Changing Landscape of 19th Century Courts." Reviews in American History 46, no. 3 (2018): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rah.2018.0065.

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Dayeh, Islam. "From Taṣḥīḥ to Taḥqīq: Toward a History of the Arabic Critical Edition." Philological Encounters 4, no. 3-4 (December 13, 2019): 245–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519197-12340072.

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AbstractThe article traces the transformations in Arabic editorial practices from the mid-19th century through the early decades of the 20th-century. Focusing on the publishing world of Cairo, the article examines some of the major political, cultural and technological conditions that shaped editorial choice and technique. The article explores continuities as well as ruptures with traditional Arabic-Islamic editorial practice, and assesses the impact of 19th-century European philological and historical scholarship. Particular attention is given to examining innovation in editorial practice, textual form, and modes of research over the course of a century.

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Stern, Arden. "Freaks of Fancy, Revisited: Nineteenth-Century Ornamented Typography in the Twenty-First Century." Design Issues 32, no. 4 (October 2016): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00418.

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This article offers a historical analysis of 21st-century American engagements with 19th-century ornamented typography, demonstrating how this form of historicist practice constructs purposeful continuities between past and present by aligning 19th- and 21st-century modes of production. These alignments, balanced on fraught cultural divisions between handmade/machine-made and authentic/artificial, are resolutely ahistorical yet speak volumes about the dynamics of information capitalism, deindustrialization, and recession in recent US history. The analysis focuses upon two genres of neo-19th-century typographic revivals: heritage letterpress fetishism, which invokes an imagined return to authentic handcraft, and revivalist authentications of digital design practice, in which designers use the old to confer legitimacy upon the new.

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Spielman, Andrew I., and Judit Forrai. "History of the Vulcanite Denture." Kaleidoscope history 13, no. 27 (2023): 387–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.27.45.

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Gjurašić, Marija. "Agrarian relations on the island of Mljet in the 19th century." Review of Croatian history 18, no. 1 (December 14, 2022): 61–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22586/review.v18i1.24279.

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The paper analyses land property relations on the island of Mljet in the 19th century based on the information from different sources, especially from cadastre, land registry documentation and inherited estates. In order to understand them, the paper shows in detail the situation in other parts of Dalmatia at the time, but also their genesis on the island beginning from the 14th century. A special attention is paid to understanding the differences related to land property relations on the eastern and western part of Mljet in the 19th century.

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Johnston, Denis. "CyberShaw: A 19th-Century Mandate Meets 20th-century Technology." Canadian Theatre Review 81 (December 1994): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.81.007.

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The Shaw Festival is unique among Canadian theatres, and virtually unique among world theatres as well. It is one of only five major repertory theatres in the English-speaking world: the others are the Stratford Festival, the Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis, and the twin flagships of British classical theatre, the Royal Shakespeare Company and the National. In addition, the Shaw Festival is the only one of these companies to have chosen a specific period of history as its mandate: it produces only plays written during the lifetime of Bernard Shaw. The company describes this mandate as “plays by Bernard Shaw and his contemporaries (1856-1950) – plays about the beginning of the modern world”.

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Iakovlev, Matvey. "Historism: to the History of the Concept." ISTORIYA 13, no. 7 (117) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840022367-2.

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This paper is devoted to the genesis of the historism (contextualism). Historism was created by professional historians as a research practice and in the 19th century became the answer to a variety of “philosophies of history”. Now in Russia it is a main principle of historical studies — to explore the past by using the historical context. It is also used in western historical studies, but usually named “contextualism”. However, author comes to conclusion, that in the middle of the 19th century, historism is not totally professional phenomenon — but also philosophical.

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li, Min. "Research on Relationship between Modern History of Northeast China and East Asia." Philosophy and Social Science 1, no. 1 (January 2024): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.62381/p243114.

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Since modern times, with the changes in the territory of Northeast China, the relationship between Northeast China and East Asia has undergone significant changes, especially from the late 19th century to the first half of the 20th century. The relationship between Northeast China, East Asia, and even the world's major powers directly affects the social development of the entire Northeast Chinaand East Asia. Therefore, this paper analyzes the correlation between the modern history of Northeast China and East Asia from the late 19th century to the first half of the 20th century based on the modern history of Northeast China.

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Sofen, E. D., B. Alexander, E. J. Steig, M. H. Thiemens, S. A. Kunasek, H. M. Amos, A. J. Schauer, et al. "WAIS Divide ice core suggests sustained changes in the atmospheric formation pathways of sulfate and nitrate since the 19th century in the extratropical Southern Hemisphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 9 (September 3, 2013): 23089–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-23089-2013.

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Abstract. The triple-oxygen isotopic composition (Δ17O = δ17O-0.52 × δ18O) of sulfate and nitrate reflects the relative importance of their different production pathways in the atmosphere. A new record of sulfate and nitrate Δ17O spanning the last 2400 yr from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide ice core project shows significant changes in both sulfate and nitrate Δ17O in the most recent 200 yr, indicating changes in their formation pathways. The sulfate Δ17O record suggests that an additional 12–18% of sulfate formation occurs via aqueous-phase production by O3, relative to that in the gas-phase in the present-day compared to the early 19th century. Nitrate Δ17O indicates a increasing importance of RO2 in NOx-cycling between the mid-19th century and present-day in the mid-to-high latitude Southern Hemisphere. The former has implications for the climate impacts of sulfate aerosol, while the latter has implications for the tropospheric O3 production rate in remote low-NOx environments. Using other ice core observations, we rule out drivers for these changes other than variability in extratropical oxidant (OH, O3, RO2, H2O2, and reactive halogens) concentrations. However, assuming OH, H2O2, and O3 are the main oxidants contributing to sulfate formation, Monte Carlo box model simulations require a large (≥ 210%) increase in the [O3]/[OH] ratio over the Southern Ocean in the early 19th century to match the sulfate Δ17O record. This unlikely scenario points to a deficiency in our understanding of sulfur chemistry and suggests other oxidants may play an important role in sulfate formation in the mid-to-high latitude marine boundary layer. The observed decrease in nitrate Δ17O since ~1860 CE is most likely due to an increased importance of RO2 over O3 in NOx-cycling and can be explained by a 48–84% decrease in the [O3]/[RO2] ratio in the extratropical Southern Hemisphere NOx-source regions.

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Jacks, David S. "What drove 19th century commodity market integration?" Explorations in Economic History 43, no. 3 (July 2006): 383–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2005.05.001.

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Katznelson, Ira, Hartmut Kaelble, and Bruce Little. "Industrialization and Social Inequality in 19th-Century Europe." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 19, no. 2 (1988): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/204675.

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Freemantle, Harry. "Frédéric Le Play and 19th-century vision machines." History of the Human Sciences 30, no. 1 (October 27, 2016): 66–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695116673526.

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An early proponent of the social sciences, Frédéric Le Play, was the occupant of senior positions within the French state in the mid- to late 19th century. He was writing at a time when science was ascending. There was for him no doubt that scientific observation, correctly applied, would allow him unmediated access to the truth. It is significant that Le Play was the organizer of a number of universal expositions because these expositions were used as vehicles to demonstrate the ascendant position of western civilization. The fabrication of linear time is a history of progress requiring a vision of history analogous to the view offered the spectator at a diorama. Le Play employed the design principles and spirit of the diorama in his formulations for the social sciences, and L’Exposition Universelle of 1867 used the technology wherever it could. Both the gaze of the spectators and the objects viewed are part and products of the same particular and unique historical formation. Ideas of perception cannot be separated out from the conditions that make them possible. Vision and its effects are inseparable from the observing subject who is both a product of a particular historical moment and the site of certain practices.

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Graus, Andrea. "Mysticism in the courtroom in 19th-century Europe." History of the Human Sciences 31, no. 3 (March 26, 2018): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695118761499.

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This article examines how and why criminal proceedings were brought against alleged cases of Catholic mysticism in several European countries during modernity. In particular, it explores how criminal charges were derived from mystical experiences and shows how these charges were examined inside the courtroom. To bring a lawsuit against supposed mystics, justice systems had to reduce their mysticism to ‘facts’ or actions involving a breach of the law, usually fraud. Such accusations were not the main reason why alleged mystics were taken to court, however. Focusing on three representative examples, in Spain, France and Germany, I argue that ‘mystic trials’ had more to do with specific conflicts between the defendant and the ecclesiastical or secular authorities than with public concern regarding pretence of the supernatural. Criminal courts in Europe approached such cases in a similar way. Just as in ecclesiastical inquiries, during the trials, judges called upon expert testimony to debunk the allegedly supernatural. Once a mystic entered the courtroom, his or her reputation was profoundly affected. Criminal lawsuits had a certain ‘demystifying power’ and were effective in stifling the fervour surrounding the alleged mystics. All in all, mystic trials offer a rich example of the ways in which modern criminal justice dealt with increasing enthusiasm for the supernatural during the 19th century.

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Herucová, Marta. "Case Studies in the 19th Century History of Art." Acta Historiae Artium 49, no. 1 (December 1, 2008): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/ahista.49.2008.1.38.

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BOŠKOV, SVETOZAR. "ALEXANDER THE GREAT IN 19th CENTURY SERBIAN HISTORY TEXTBOOKS." ISTRAŽIVANJA, Јournal of Historical Researches, no. 32 (December 3, 2021): 144–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/i.2021.32.144-161.

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Alexander the Great (356 B.C – 323 B.C) has gone down in history as one of the greatest conquerors of Antiquity. By the time he was 30, he had conquered most of the known world. The territory under his control lay from Greece in the west, southward through Egypt and eastward to India. His military successes made him an inspiration to many writers of his time and later. Since his life span corresponds to the era that today we call Hellenism, he is mentioned in all the educational systems of Europe. From their first appearance on this continent, school books have alluded to Alexander and his conquests. The first history textbooks in the Serbian language emerged in Serbia in the mid-19th century and they, too, included Alexander the Great. In this paper, we shall show how the history of Alexander was taught at the time and how his feats influenced generations of Serbian children educated at the first schools founded in the areas of the Habsburg Empire that they inhabited.

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Spindler, Gerald, and Herbert Hovenkamp. "Reshaping Legal and Economic History in the 19th Century." American Journal of Comparative Law 42, no. 4 (1994): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/840635.

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Weston, Robert. "Whooping Cough: A Brief History to the 19th Century." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 29, no. 2 (October 2012): 329–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.29.2.329.

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Hare, E. H. "On the History of Lunacy: 19th Century and After." History of Psychiatry 9, no. 33 (March 1998): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x9800903313.

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Agensky, Jonathan C. "Recognizing religion: Politics, history, and the “long 19th century”." European Journal of International Relations 23, no. 4 (January 12, 2017): 729–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066116681428.

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Analyses of religion and international politics routinely concern the persistence of religion as a critical element in world affairs. However, they tend to neglect the constitutive interconnections between religion and political life. Consequently, religion is treated as exceptional to mainstream politics. In response, recent works focus on the relational dimensions of religion and international politics. This article advances an “entangled history” approach that emphasizes the constitutive, relational, and historical dimensions of religion — as a practice, discursive formation, and analytical category. It argues that these public dimensions of religion share their conditions of possibility and intelligibility in a political order that crystallized over the long 19th century. The neglect of this period has enabled International Relations to treat religion with a sense of closure at odds with the realities of religious political behavior and how it is understood. Refocusing on religion’s historical entanglements recovers the concept as a means of explaining international relations by “recognizing” how it is constituted as a category of social life. Beyond questions of the religious and political, this article speaks to renewed debates about the role of history in International Relations, proposing entanglement as a productive framing for international politics more generally.

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Sissons, Jeffrey. "Heroic History and Chiefly Chapels in 19th Century Tahiti." Oceania 78, no. 3 (November 2008): 320–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4461.2008.tb00044.x.

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Rieppel, Lukas. "New order in the history of 19th century biology." Endeavour 33, no. 4 (December 2009): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.endeavour.2009.09.002.

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Holste, Karsten, and Dietlind Huchtker. "Le arene del mutamento elitario nell'Europa dell'800." PASSATO E PRESENTE, no. 77 (May 2009): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pass2009-077007.

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- Arenas of Élite Change in 19th Century Europe is a group research project. At the core of the investigation are the places of élite-building in the 19th century, and how concrete "compromises" between old and new élites were arrived at. The aim is to get beyond certain normative historiographical paradigms, particularly those related to research on "bourgeoisie", "nobility", and central-eastern Europe.Key words: Central-eastern Europe, 19th century, élites, bourgeoisie, nobility. Parole chiave: Europa centro-orientale, '800, élites, borghesia, nobiltŕ.

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Howat, Marjory M. "19th-century Perth newspapers indexed and abstracted." Indexer: The International Journal of Indexing: Volume 18, Issue 1 18, no. 1 (April 1, 1992): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/indexer.1992.18.1.7.

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Describes the indexing and abstracting of three 19th-century newspapers of Perth, Scotland, including problems of organizing volunteers, dealing with local history material, and selection policy for headings.

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Damjanović, Dragan. "Renate Wagner-Rieger and the History of Croatian Historicist Architecture." Peristil 65, no. 1 (May 19, 2023): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17685/peristil.65.10.

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The work of Renate Wagner-Rieger was crucial in reviving interest in 19th-century architecture and in its inclusion in Croatia’s national history of art. The use of stylistic terms, periodization of 19th-century architecture, particularly historicism, and Renate Wagner-Rieger’s method of organizing the text within monographs on the history of architecture of cities or areas according to building types have had a remarkable influence on how similar topics are treated in Croatian art history.

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Grebennikova, Tatiana G. "The History of Museum Specialisation in Russia." Observatory of Culture, no. 6 (December 28, 2014): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2014-0-6-60-65.

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Deals with the Russian museum practices mainly of the 18th and the 19th century. The author analyses a gradual specialisation in private collection building and museums' development, reveals the role of the highly specialised collections and analyses the trend of establishing museums of the complex character exemplified by the Kunstkammer, the Imperial Hermitage Museum, the Fine Arts Academy Museum, the Rumyantsev Museum, and the Russian Museum. In the 19th century, a trend of gradual differentiation and specialisation became obvious which led to establishing dedicated museums and developing a more focused approach to collection building in Russia.

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