Academic literature on the topic 'Cyclic IMS'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cyclic IMS":
1
Wang, Zuolu, Jie Yang, Haiyang Li, Dong Zhen, Yuandong Xu, and Fengshou Gu. "Fault Identification of Broken Rotor Bars in Induction Motors Using an Improved Cyclic Modulation Spectral Analysis." Energies 12, no. 17 (August 26, 2019): 3279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173279.
Abstract:
Induction motors (IMs) play an essential role in the field of various industrial applications. Long-time service and tough working situations make IMs become prone to a broken rotor bar (BRB) that is one of the major causes of IMs faults. Hence, the continuous condition monitoring of BRB faults demands a computationally efficient and accurate signal diagnosis technique. The advantage of high reliability and wide applicability in condition monitoring and fault diagnosis based on vibration signature analysis results in an improved cyclic modulation spectrum (CMS), which is one of the cyclic spectral analysis algorithms. CMS is proposed in this paper for the detection and identification of BRB faults in IMs at a steady-state operation based on a vibration signature analysis. The application of CMS is based on the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and the improved CMS approach is attributed to the optimization of STFT. The optimal window is selected to improve the accuracy for identifying the BRB fault types and severities. The appropriate window length and step size are optimized based on the selected window function to receive a better calculation benefit through simulation and experimental analysis. Compared to other estimators, the improved CMS method provides better fault detectability results by analyzing vertical vibration signatures of a healthy motor, and damaged motors with 1 BRB and 2 BRBs under 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% load conditions. Both synthetic and experimental investigations demonstrate the proposed methodology can significantly reduce computational costs and identify the BRB fault types and severities effectively.
2
Zhen, Dong, Zuolu Wang, Haiyang Li, Hao Zhang, Jie Yang, and Fengshou Gu. "An Improved Cyclic Modulation Spectral Analysis Based on the CWT and Its Application on Broken Rotor Bar Fault Diagnosis for Induction Motors." Applied Sciences 9, no. 18 (September 17, 2019): 3902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9183902.
Abstract:
Induction motors (IMs) are widely used in many manufacturing processes and industrial applications. The harsh work environment, long-time enduring, and overloads mean that it is subjected to broken rotor bar (BRB) faults. The vibration signal of IMs with BRB faults consists of the reliable modulation information used for fault diagnosis. Cyclostationary analysis has been found to be effective in identifying and extracting fault feature. The estimators of cyclic modulation spectrum (CMS) and fast spectral correlation (FSC) based on the short-time fourier transform (STFT) have higher cyclic frequency resolution, which has proven efficient in demodulating second order cyclostationary (CS2) signals. However, these two estimators have limitations of processing the maximum cyclic frequency αmax that is smaller than Fs/2 (Fs is the sampling frequency) according to Nyquist’s Theorem. In addition, they have lower carrier frequency resolution due to the fixed window size used in STFT. In order to resolve the initial shortcomings of the CMS and FSC methods, in this paper, we extended the analysis of CMS algorithm based on the continuous wavelet transform (CWT), which enlarged the maximum cyclic frequency range to Fs/2 and provides higher carrier frequency resolution because the CWT has the advantage of multi-resolution analysis. The reliability and applicability of the proposed method for fault components localization were validated by CS2 simulation signals. Compared to CMS and FSC methods, the proposed approach shows better performance by analyzing vibration signals between healthy motor and faulty motor with one BRB fault under 0%, 20%, 40%, and 80% load conditions.
3
Chen, Yi-Bu, Benny Dominic, Mark T. Mellon, and Jonathan P. Zehr. "Circadian Rhythm of Nitrogenase Gene Expression in the Diazotrophic Filamentous Nonheterocystous CyanobacteriumTrichodesmium sp. Strain IMS 101." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 14 (July 15, 1998): 3598–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.14.3598-3605.1998.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Recent studies suggested that the daily cycle of nitrogen fixation activity in the marine filamentous nonheterocystous cyanobacteriumTrichodesmium sp. is controlled by a circadian rhythm. In this study, we evaluated the rhythm of nitrogen fixation inTrichodesmium sp. strain IMS 101 by using the three criteria for an endogenous rhythm. Nitrogenase transcript abundance oscillated with a period of approximately 24 h, and the cycle was maintained even under constant light conditions. The cyclic pattern of transcript abundance was maintained when the culture was grown at 24 and 28.5°C, although the period was slightly longer (26 h) at the higher temperature. The cycle of gene expression could be entrained with light-dark cues. Results of inhibitor experiments indicated that transcript abundance was regulated primarily by transcription initiation, rather than by degradation. The circadian rhythm, the first conclusively demonstrated endogenous rhythm in a filamentous cyanobacterium, was also reflected in nitrogenase MoFe protein abundance and patterns of Fe protein posttranslational modification-demodification.
4
Krotov, V. E., and Yu P. Zaikov. "ON THE MECHANISM OF INTERMETALLIC FORMATION DURING CATHODIC CO-REDUCTION OF IONS IN MOLTEN SALTS." Расплавы, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s023501062301005x.
Abstract:
Two mechanisms of electrolytic synthesis of intermetallic (IMs) during the simultaneous reduction (co-reduction) of their ions at the cathode in salt melts are known. And both are wrong. One of them is in contradiction with the experimental data. He violates also the thermodynamics law. Another does not represent a co-reduction process, since the ions of both metals must be simultaneously reduced at the cathode and not just one some of them. The present work does not contain new experimental data, she is purely theoretical. The mechanism of the co-reduction process is proposed and thermodynamically substantiated. It is shown for the first time that the first IM crystals appear not on the surface of an electropositive metal. They appear on the surface of a binary homogeneous solid solution consisting of IM components and which is formed at the initial moment of electrolysis. It has been shown and reconfirmed thermodynamically that electronegative metal ions are reduced with depolarization For the first time, the electrochemical equations for the crystallization of a phase of constant composition during long-term electrolysis, as well electrochemical equations as for crystallization of other intermetallic phases on the surface of the previous ones are presented. The presence of several IM phases in the cathode deposits obtained during long-term electrolysis under galvanostatic conditions is explained for the first time. The IMs electrocrystallization mechanism is examined for the cases of galvanostatic and potentiostatic electrolysis modes, as well as for cyclic and square wave voltammetry. It is also applicable to the co-reduction process of crystallization of metal compounds with non-metals.
5
Alelyunas, Yun, Mark Wrona, and Nathan Anderson. "P51 - Routine metabolite identification for complex cyclic peptides based on ims enabled qtof dia data acquisition and mass-metasite data processing." Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics 35, no. 1 (2020): S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dmpk.2020.04.052.
6
Ijaz, Hassan, L. Gornet, M. A. Khan, W. Saleem, K. Nisar, and S. R. Chaudry. "Prediction of Delamination Crack Growth in Carbon/Fiber Epoxy Composite Laminates Using a Non-Local Cohesive Zone Modeling." Advanced Materials Research 570 (September 2012): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.570.25.
Abstract:
The global behavior of composite materials is strongly influenced by the quality of adhesion between different components. A component can be single phase, like fibers or particles used as reinforcement in a homogenous matrix, or a multiphase material like a layer in long-fiber laminate. In the latter case the degradation of adhesion implies the separation of the layers, known as delamination. Among all different failure mechanisms, Delamination is considered to be the most prominent mode of failure in fiber-reinforced laminates as a result of their relatively weak inter-laminar strength. When laminated structures are subjected to static, dynamic or cyclic loadings, the inter-laminar adhesion strength between individual plies tends to deteriorate significantly and act as the origin of the final failure. Therefore, an efficient and reliable design tool capable of predicting delamination could improve the durability for composite laminates. There exist damage mechanics based formulations capable of simulating the delamination crack growth in carbon/glass fiber epoxy based composite laminates. The present study is focused on taking a step forward in this respect. At first, already existed local interface models effectiveness is tested and results are successfully compared with available experimental data for UD IMS/924 Carbon/fiber epoxy composite laminate. Next, a non-local integral-type regularization scheme is introduced to overcome the spurious localization problem associated to the existing local model. Basic concepts and mathematical modeling of Non-Local damage evolution law are comprehensively studied and presented in this study. Finite Element simulation results based on proposed model are discussed in detail and are compared with experimental results.
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Lall-Ramnarine, Sharon I., Joshua A. Mukhlall, James F. Wishart, Robert R. Engel, Alicia R. Romeo, Masao Gohdo, Sharon Ramati, Marc Berman, and Sophia N. Suarez. "Cyclic phosphonium ionic liquids." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 10 (January 24, 2014): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.10.22.
Abstract:
Ionic liquids (ILs) incorporating cyclic phosphonium cations are a novel category of materials. We report here on the synthesis and characterization of four new cyclic phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ILs with aliphatic and aromatic pendant groups. In addition to the syntheses of these novel materials, we report on a comparison of their properties with their ammonium congeners. These exemplars are slightly less conductive and have slightly smaller self-diffusion coefficients than their cyclic ammonium congeners.
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Moummi, C., and S. Rattan. "Effect of methylene blue and N-ethylmaleimide on internal anal sphincter relaxation." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 255, no. 5 (November 1, 1988): G571—G578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1988.255.5.g571.
Abstract:
The present studies were performed in vitro to define the participation of regulatory cyclic nucleotides in the relaxation of internal anal sphincter (IAS) smooth muscle in response to neural stimulation by electrical field stimulation (EFS) vs. exogenous vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). EFS and VIP both caused relaxation of the resting tone in the opossum-isolated IAS smooth muscle strips. The addition of permeant cyclic nucleotide derivatives, the guanylate cyclase stimulant sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and the adenylate cyclase stimulant forskolin caused a dose-dependent fall in the resting tension of IAS smooth muscle. The inhibitory effect of the agonists on the IAS smooth muscle was not modified by tetrodotoxin (TTX), a neurotoxin. TTX almost abolished the IAS responses to EFS. The effects of SNP and forskolin were selectively blocked by the putative inhibitors of corresponding enzyme systems, i.e., methylene blue (MB) (3 X 10(-5) M) for guanylate cyclase and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) (10(-4) M) in the case of adenylate cyclase. NEM and not MB caused significant antagonism of the fall in IAS tension in response to both EFS and VIP during the control experiments. Such data suggest a common biochemical link (adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate as second messenger system) between the IAS smooth muscle relaxations with neural stimulation and VIP. In addition, a part of the IAS smooth muscle relaxation in response to EFS also involves the mediation of guanosine 5'-cyclic monophosphate.
9
Nakazawa, Miwa, Masahiko Maeno, Mei Komoto, and Yoichiro Nara. "Appropriate Immediate Dentin Sealing to Improve the Bonding of CAD/CAM Ceramic Crown Restorations." Polymers 14, no. 21 (October 26, 2022): 4541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214541.
Abstract:
This study aimed to use quantitative and qualitative evaluations based on micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) to clarify the appropriate immediate dentin sealing (IDS) approach for improving the bonding of CAD/CAM ceramic crown restorations. Forty-eight extracted human molars were prepared to obtain standardized abutment specimens and divided into three groups: no IDS (group C: control), IDS performed by a single application of an all-in-one adhesive system (group A), and IDS performed by the combined application of an adhesive system and a flowable resin composite (group F). All specimens were restored with a ceramic crown fabricated by a chair-side CAD/CAM system and were divided into no-stress and stressed groups. After cyclic loading (78.5 N; total, 3 × 105 cycles; 90 cycles/min) on the specimens in the stressed group, all specimens were sectioned. The μTBS values for the occlusal and mesioaxial walls were measured (n = 16) and analyzed statistically. The quantitative bonding performance of groups A and F were superior to that of group C, regardless of the cyclic loading and abutment wall conditions. Group F showed the maximum bond strength and the highest bond durability in the qualitative bonding performance even under the cyclic loading condition simulating clinical mastication.
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Ullah, Kifayat, and S. K. Katiyar. "Cyclic weak ϕ iterated function system." Topological Algebra and its Applications 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/taa-2022-0123.
Abstract:
Abstract In this article, we are considering the cyclic weak ϕ-contraction and prove that the result is also true in Hausdorff metric space. We are constructing a cyclic weak ϕ iterated function system (IFS), which gives the self-referential set or attractor, called the fractal.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cyclic IMS":
1
Ollivier, Simon. "Exploration of high-resolution ion mobility-mass spectrometry for structural glycosciences." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NANU4069.
Abstract:
La complexité inhérente aux carbohydrates reste un défi pour les sciences analytiques. Aucune méthode n'est actuellement en mesure de résoudre complètement les diverses isoméries présentes dans les carbohydrates, bien qu'il s'agisse de caractéristiques structurales déterminantes. La spectrométrie de masse (MS) seule est aveugle à de nombreux cas d'isomérie, et donne donc des informations incomplètes. Au cours des dix dernières années, le couplage de la spectrométrie de mobilité ionique (IMS) avec la MS n'a cessé de prendre de l'ampleur. En effet, l'IMS est sensible aux conformations des molécules en phase gazeuse et donc aux (stéréo)isoméries. Dans ce contexte, ce travail de thèse explore le potentiel de l’IMS haute résolution pour les glycosciences structurales. La nouvelle géométrie d'IMS cyclique (cIMS), qui permet des manipulations fines des ions en phase gazeuse, est étudiée. Premièrement, nous démontrons par une série d`études que la cIMS peut résoudre les différentes isoméries rencontrées dans les carbohydrates. Sur la base de ces résultats, nous développons ensuite des moyens pour caractériser la structure fine des oligosaccharides en utilisant la cIMS multiétapes. Ces développements comprennent notamment une stratégie ciblée de séquençage et une approche non ciblée de réseaux moléculaires informés par IMS. Enfin, nous couplons la cIMS avec la chromatographie d'exclusion stérique pour travailler directement sur des polysaccharides de l'ordre de la centaine de kilodalton. Dans l'ensemble, nos résultats soulignent le potentiel de l'IM-MS haute résolution à devenir une méthode pivot dans les glycosciences structurales, et ouvrent la voie à l'étude de structures polysaccharidiques plus grandes, voire intactesThe inherent complexity of carbohydrates remains a challenge for analytical sciences. No single method is currently able to fully resolve the various isomerisms present within the subunits and in glycosidic bonds, although these are determining structural features of carbohydrates. Mass spectrometry (MS) alone is blind to many cases of isomerism, and thus gives incomplete information for carbohydrates. Over the last ten years, the coupling of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) with MS has kept gaining momentum. In fact, IMS is sensitive to the gasphase conformations of molecules and thus, to (stereo)isomerisms. In that context, this PhD work explores the potential of high-resolution IMS approaches for structural glycosciences. The state-of-the-art Cyclic IMS (cIMS) geometry, which affords fine gas-phase manipulations of ions, is studied. In a first part of our work, we demonstrate through a series of case studies that cIMS can resolve the various cases of isomerism found in carbohydrates. Based on these findings, we then endeavor to develop means to characterize the fine structure of oligosaccharides using multistage IMS. These developments notably include a targeted sequencing strategy and an untargeted IMS-based approach relying on molecular networks. In the last part, we couple cIMS with size exclusion chromatography with the aim to work directly on polysaccharides in the hundred-kilodalton range. Altogether, our results emphasize the potential of high-resolution IM-MS to settle as a pivotal method in structural glycosciences, and open the way to the study of larger if not intact polysaccharide structures
2
Gomes, Aurilene Costa. "SincronizaÃÃo dos ciclos de arrecadaÃÃo do ICMS do nordeste." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6589.
Abstract:
nÃo hÃA sociedade tem buscado constantemente saber qual à o estado atual da economia (recessÃo ou expansÃo). O ICMS à o tributo de maior participaÃÃo na receita estadual, incide sobre o valor agregado, portanto, sua arrecadaÃÃo està diretamente vinculada ao nÃvel da atividade econÃmica. Este trabalho visa analisar a sincronizaÃÃo dos ciclos de arrecadaÃÃo do ICMS nos estados nordestinos incluindo a arrecadaÃÃo agregada da RegiÃo Nordeste, vale ressaltar, que à o primeiro a fazer esta investigaÃÃo. Os dados foram obtidos atravÃs da ComissÃo TÃcnica Permanente do ICMS, do MinistÃrio da Fazenda e correspondem à arrecadaÃÃo mensal do ICMS em valores correntes entre janeiro de 1997 a dezembro de 2010. Foram convertidos em trimestrais, agregando os valores arrecadados em cada trimestre, totalizando 10 sÃries com 56 observaÃÃes cada. A metodologia foi a proposta por Harding e Pagan (2002), onde, usando modelos nÃo-paramÃtricos, foi possÃvel datar os perÃodos nos quais a arrecadaÃÃo trimestral do ICMS dos estados encontravam-se em recessÃo. Concluiu-se que, em geral, os perÃodos recessivos duravam de 2 a 4 trimestres, sendo o estado do Piauà o que apresentou 12 trimestres de recessÃo.
The company has constantly sought to know what the current state of the economy(recession or expansion). The ICMS is a tribute to greater participation in state revenue, levied on the value added, therefore, its collection is directly tied to the level of economic activity. This work aims to analyze the synchronization of cycles of collection of VAT in the northeastern states including the aggregated collection of the Northeast, it is noteworthy, which is the first to do this research. Data were obtained from the Permanent Technical Committee of the VAT, the Ministry of Finance and correspond to the monthly collection of VAT at current prices from January 1997 to December 2010. Were converted into quarterly, adding the amounts received in each quarter, totaling 10 sets with 56 observations each. The methodology was proposed by Harding and Pagan (2002), where, using non-parametric models, it was possible to date the periods in which the collection of quarterly VAT states were in recession. It was concluded that, in general, the recessions lasted two to four quarters, which is the state of Piauà presented the 12 quarters of recession.
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Solimini, Martina. "Ottimizzazione del Service Management nell’ambito della manutenzione applicando Life-cycle digitalizzato. Il caso IMA spa." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Abstract:
Nel contesto aziendale odierno la funzione Service necessita di essere maggiormente proattiva e customer centred. Una delle sue funzioni è quella di garantire il corretto funzionamento del prodotto fornito. L'elaborato presenta uno studio volto a mostrare come, sfruttando le tecnologie abilitanti, sia possibile fornire al cliente un servizio di manutenzione puntuale, smart e di alta qualità. IMA S.p.A, azienda oggetto di studio, è leader nella produzione di macchinari industriali. L'obiettivo di partenza è stato quello di strutturare un processo in grado di abilitare il Service alla realizzazione della pianificazione della manutenzione per il cliente, garantendogli qualità e prezzi competitivi. Per ottenere questi risultati, è stato scelto come strumento di supporto il PLM, un sistema che permette la gestione strategica delle informazioni, dei processi e delle risorse a supporto del ciclo di vita di prodotti e servizi. Con il progetto pilota, avviato successivamente alla scelta del sistema, è stata realizzata la prima pianificazione completa della manutenzione per il cliente, analizzando nel dettaglio ogni macchina componente della linea. Una volta testato lo strumento, si è provveduto a definire le specifiche di customizzazione per renderlo più performante sul prodotto IMA. Il processo TO BE è stato ipotizzato: la soluzione PLM permetterà all'operatore Service di realizzare piani di manutenzione specifici su ogni gruppo macchina, ottenendo in output un piano completo a fronte di un effort limitato dalla possibilità di sfruttare la modularità delle macchine e gli automatismi offerti dal sistema. Inoltre, grazie al BOM Management offerto dal PLM e al supporto di altri strumenti digitali, sarà possibile strutturare un close loop di informazioni reperite dal campo in grado di migliorare le pianificazioni. È stato dimostrato che il guadagno conseguibile dalla vendita di un Service Plan completo è pari a più del 50%.
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Robert, Yoann. "Simulation numérique et modélisation d’écoulements tridimensionnels instationnaires à surface libre. Application au système bateau-avirons-rameur." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECDN0023/document.
Abstract:
La thèse s'intéresse aux deux écoulements présents en aviron, autour du bateau et de la palette, et aux interactions avec le système bateau-avirons-rameur. Le premier est inhabituel en hydrodynamique, à cause du cavalement important et des mouvements secondaires. La complexité du second provient de l'instationnarité et de la déformation de la surface libre. L'objectif consiste à mettre en oeuvre des méthodes numériques performantes et précises puis à les valider pour, à plus long terme, les réutiliser à des fins d'analyse et d’optimisation de la performance en aviron.Ces simulations instationnaires à surface libre sont coûteuses en ressources pour les codes RANS. Un algorithme de sub-cycling a été développé et validé sur plusieurs cas test, diminuant les temps CPU d'un facteur 3 à 4, sans perte de précision. Il est compatible avec la déformation et le raffinement automatique de maillage. Deux bases de données expérimentales sont exploitées pour chaque écoulement afin de valider le cadre de simulation. Pour celui autour de la palette, une campagne in situ et une autre en laboratoire sont utilisées. Dans les deux cas, les profils d'efforts sont bien capturés, compte tenu des incertitudes cumulées liées à la mesure indirecte de la cinématique de la palette par rapport à l'eau. Pour le skiff en configuration instationnaire, les efforts fluctuants sont bien capturés, en amplitude et en phase, pour des fréquences typiques. Des écarts inattendus (de l'ordre de 10%) sont constatés sur la valeur moyenne et restent pour le moment sans réponse probante. La structure d'une co-simulation entre les résolutions des écoulements et celle de la dynamique du système multicorps est initiéeThe thesis focuses on the two flows occurring in rowing,around the boat and the blade, and on interactions with theboat-oars-rower system. The first flow is unusual in hydrodynamics because of the large surge and secondary motions. The complexity of the second one comes from the unsteadiness and the free surface deformation. The goal is to set up efficient and accurate numerical methods to reproduce these flows and then to validate them for the purpose of analysis and optimisation of the performance in rowing.Those unsteady computations with free surface are cost lyin resources for RANS codes. A sub-cycling algorithm was developed and validated on several test cases, allowing to decrease the CPU time by a factor of 3 to 4, without loss of accuracy. It is compatible with mesh deformation and automatic grid refinement. Two experimental databases are exploited for each flow in order to validate the frame of simulation. For the flow around the blade, an in-situ campaign and a more controlled one conducted in laboratory, are used. In both cases, the profiles of the efforts are well captured, considering the cumulative uncertainties linked to the indirect measurement of the blade kinematics relative to the water. For the skiff in unsteady state, the fluctuating forces are well captured, in terms of amplitudes and phases, for typical frequencies. Unexpected errors (around10%) are observed for the mean value and remain unexplained for now. The structure of a co-simulation between the resolutions of the flows and the resolution of the dynamics of the multibody system is initiated
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Couture, Jérôme. "Essaient-ils d'acheter l'élection et si oui, y parviennent-ils? : le cycle électoral des dépenses et de la taxation et son lien avec la réélection des maires sortants lors des élections municipales québécoises de 2009." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26422.
Abstract:
L’idée centrale de cette thèse est de mettre en relation le comportement de l’élu avec celui de l’électeur dans une perspective d’échange. Il y a échange lorsqu’un acteur utilise la richesse qu’il contrôle afin d’orienter la conduite d’un autre acteur dans le sens de ses intérêts. Tout cela, bien sûr, dans le but de lui faire faire quelque chose qu’il n’aurait pas fait autrement. L’objectif de la thèse se résume comme suit. D’abord, je cherche à savoir si les élus municipaux du Québec ont utilisé les dépenses et la taxation afin d’inciter les électeurs à voter pour eux. Ensuite, je cherche à savoir si les électeurs ont effectivement favorisé l’élection du maire sortant qui a mis en œuvre un cycle électoral des dépenses et de la taxation. Un cycle électoral est présent si dans les deux années précédant une élection générale, en comparaison avec les deux premières années d’un mandat électif, les dépenses sont plus importantes ou le taux de taxation est plus faible. L’année au cours de laquelle se déroule une élection se nomme l’année électorale. L’année qui précède celle où aura lieu le scrutin se nomme l’année préélectorale. J’ai testé la présence d’un tel cycle dans les municipalités québécoises lors du mandat 2006-2009. J’ai ensuite testé son effet sur la réélection des maires sortants lors de l’élection de 2009. Fait intéressant, les résultats empiriques démontrent la présence d’un cycle électoral et aussi, un effet de ce cycle sur la réélection des maires sortants. Dans l’objectif de mieux comprendre ces résultats, je présente un cadre théorique original inspiré par le modèle du citoyen-candidat qui permet de prédire sous quelles conditions le cycle électoral aura un effet sur la réélection du candidat sortant. Ce cadre théorique met en relation la capacité de sanction de l’électeur médian avec les anticipations du politicien sortant à propos de cette même capacité de sanction. En premier lieu, je soutiens que le cycle électoral ne peut pas expliquer la réélection d’un candidat sortant lorsque l’électeur médian est aveuglé. Dans ce cas de figure, l’électeur médian n’est pas en mesure de distinguer les bénéfices qu’il tire de la présence d’un cycle électoral. Plus précisément, il ne fait pas le lien entre l’évolution de son bien-être et l’action du gouvernement. En second lieu, je soutiens que le cycle électoral favorise toujours la réélection du candidat sortant lorsque l’électeur médian est myope. Dans ces conditions, l’électeur médian est en mesure de percevoir les bénéfices qu’il retire d’un cycle électoral. Toutefois, il ne perçoit pas l’ensemble des coûts reliés aux comportements de l’élu sortant. L’illusion fiscale dont souffre l’électeur médian va l’amener à voter pour le sortant qui lui offre des bénéfices immédiats même si cela se fait au détriment de son bien-être futur. En troisième lieu, je soutiens que le cycle électoral favorise également la réélection du candidat sortant lorsque l’électeur médian est rationnel et que le politicien sortant met en œuvre un cycle électoral sans affecter négativement l’équilibre financier anticipé ou futur du gouvernement. Selon ce schéma, l’électeur médian rationnel est en mesure de percevoir à la fois les bénéfices et l’ensemble des coûts liés aux comportements de l’élu. Des bénéfices qui sont supérieurs aux coûts inciteront l’électeur médian à voter pour le sortant qui a mis en œuvre un cycle électoral. En quatrième lieu, je soutiens que le cycle électoral n’a pas d’effet sur la réélection pour un électeur médian rationnel lorsque le sortant affecte négativement l’équilibre financier du gouvernement. Dans ce cas de figure, les coûts annulent les bénéfices que peut tirer l’électeur d’un cycle électoral. Je propose un « indice des ressources disponibles pour s’informer » afin de mesurer la capacité de sanction de l’électeur médian dans les différentes municipalités du Québec. Je présente également une mesure du bilan financier des municipalités afin de déterminer les anticipations du sortant à propos de la capacité de sanction de l’électeur médian. Du point de vue empirique, je teste douze hypothèses qui seront pour la plupart au moins partiellement confirmées. Les quatre premières hypothèses concernent directement la présence d’un cycle électoral. Il sera démontré que les élus mettent bel et bien en œuvre un cycle électoral des dépenses et de la taxation, et ce, peu importe la taille de la municipalité. Plus précisément, mes résultats démontrent que 1) les dépenses ont augmenté fortement en année électorale et au contraire, ont diminué légèrement en année préélectorale, et ce, toujours en comparaison avec les deux premières années d’un mandat électif. 2) Le taux de taxation n’a pas significativement changé en année électorale, mais a diminué plus rapidement en année préélectorale. 3) Le cycle est plus important dans les villes de plus de 20 000 habitants. 4) Il existe une différence dans la direction et l’intensité du cycle électoral selon que le maire sortant a été élu, défait, élu sans opposition ou encore s’il n’a pas sollicité un autre mandat. À l’instar du comportement général découvert, le taux de taxation a diminué en année électorale seulement pour les maires sortants qui ont remporté une élection contestée en 2009. Les deux hypothèses subséquentes sont à propos de l’élection sans opposition du maire sortant. 5) Le cycle électoral des dépenses explique en partie la réélection sans opposition des maires sortants. Plus précisément, une augmentation de dépenses en année préélectorale favorise l’élection sans opposition des maires sortants. Ce résultat est montré statistiquement significatif à la fois par rapport au fait d’être contesté électoralement qu’à celui de se retirer de la course électorale. Ainsi, une augmentation des dépenses en année préélectorale diminue la probabilité que le sortant ait un opposant et celle de ne pas se représenter comme candidat. Ce comportement qui favorise la réélection sans opposition est différent du comportement moyen observé dans les municipalités québécoises. De plus, un changement dans les dépenses en année électorale n’a pas d’effet sur la réélection sans opposition. 6) Il en est de même pour un changement dans le taux de taxation en année électorale et préélectorale. Ces deux variations dans le taux de taxation ne sont pas statistiquement liées à l’élection sans opposition du maire sortant. Les deux hypothèses suivantes concernent l’élection d’un maire sortant lors d’un scrutin contesté. Dans ce contexte, le cycle électoral des dépenses et de la taxation a un effet sur le pourcentage de vote obtenu par le maire sortant. Il a également un effet sur sa probabilité de réélection. 7) Plus précisément, une diminution du taux de taxation en année électorale favorise la réélection du maire sortant. 8) Une diminution des dépenses en année préélectorale favorise également la réélection du maire sortant. Ce résultat significatif est une anomalie par rapport à l’hypothèse, mais correspond au comportement moyen découvert dans le changement des dépenses qui ont diminué significativement en année préélectorale. Toutefois, une augmentation des dépenses en année électorale et une diminution de la taxation en année préélectorale n’ont pas d’effet sur la réélection des maires sortants qui ont dû faire face à une opposition électorale alors qu’il s’agit là du comportement moyen découvert dans les municipalités québécoises.Les quatre dernières hypothèses sont en lien avec le cadre théorique qui met en relation la capacité de sanction de l’électeur médian et les anticipations du politicien à propos de cette même capacité. Ce cadre théorique vise à spécifier sous quelles conditions le cycle électoral aura un effet sur les résultats de l’élection. Les hypothèses inférées de ce cadre théorique seront entièrement confirmées empiriquement. En effet, 9) les tests empiriques montrent que le cycle électoral est sans effet sur la réélection du maire sortant dans les municipalités qui obtiennent un score de zéro sur l’indice des ressources disponibles pour s’informer. 10) Le cycle électoral des dépenses et de la taxation a un effet sur la réélection des maires sortants pour les municipalités ayant obtenu un seul point sur l’indice des ressources disponibles pour s‘informer. 11) Le cycle électoral de la taxation a un effet sur la réélection pour les municipalités ayant obtenu deux points ou plus sur l’indice des ressources disponibles pour s’informer et ayant présenté un bilan financier positif au cours du mandat 2006-2009. 12) Le cycle électoral est sans effet sur la réélection pour les municipalités ayant obtenu deux points ou plus sur l’indice des ressources disponibles pour s’informer et ayant présenté un bilan financier négatif au cours du mandat 2006-2009.
6
Djavadzadeh, Albin, and Tobias Hultgren. "Den nya intäktsredovisningen : En jämförande studie mellan IFRS 15 och IAS 18." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-13034.
Abstract:
År 2002 startades ett gemensamt harmoniseringsprojekt, Norwalk-agreement, mellan IASB och FASB. Projektet bottnade i ett behov av att lättare kunna jämföra internationella företag samt att bemöta komplexiteten kring intäktsredovisning. Av Norwalk-agreement framställdes IFRS 15 vilken är den nya internationella redovisningsstandarden för intäkter. IFRS 15 kommer träda i kraft 1:e januari 2018 och ersätter alla tidigare standarder vad gäller intäkter från försäljning av varor och tjänster.Syftet med denna studie är att kartlägga eventuella skillnader som kan uppstå i och med att en ny standard för intäkter implementeras. Studien kommer fokusera på intäkter som härrör från försäljning av varor och tjänster och undersöka vilka konsekvenser detta kan få på företagsbeskattning, intressenter och särskilda nyckeltal. Studien kommer även undersöka om den goda redovisningsseden i Sverige påverkas. För att uppnå studiens syfte har fyra typfall konstruerats vilka blivit inspirerade av svenska rättskällor. Dessa typfall har i sin tur analyserats genom att tillämpa standarderna IFRS 15 och IAS 18. Metoden för studien är en kvalitativ innehållsanalys med abduktiv ansats och studien är av förutsägande karaktär.Studiens typfall och resultat visar på att implementeringen av IFRS 15 kommer ge förändringar vid vilken tidpunkt redovisning ska ske av varor och tjänster vilket föranleds av en förändring av kriterierna för recognition. Detta ger upphov till att företagsbeskattning, nyckeltal samt utdelningsmöjligheter förändras vilka i sin tur påverkar intressenternas relation till företag. Vidare visar resultatet att en möjlig förändring av god redovisningssed föreligger.Slutligen visar studien på att IFRS 15 är en mindre principbaserad standard där den så kallade femstegsmodellen erbjuder en mer omfattande vägledning än nuvarande intäktsstandard IAS 18.In 2002, a joint harmonization project, the Norwalk Agreement, was initiated by the IASB and FASB. The project was based on the need to more easily compare international companies and to address the complexity of revenue recognition. The Norwalk Agreement resulted in IFRS 15, which is the new international accounting standard for revenue. The new standard, IFRS 15, will come into effect on January 1 2018 and supersedes all previous standards regarding revenue from sales of goods and services.The purpose of this study is to identify possible differences that may arise as a new standard of revenue is implemented. The study will focus on revenue derived from sales of goods and services and investigate the impact this may have on corporate taxation, stakeholders and selected key performance indicators. The study will also investigate whether generally accepted accounting principles in Sweden is affected. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, four theoretical example cases have been constructed that have been inspired by Swedish sources of law. These example cases have been analysed by applying IFRS 15 and IAS 18. The methodology of the study is a qualitative content analysis with abductive character and is a predictive study.The empirical findings of the study indicate that the implementation of IFRS 15 will give rise to changes in the reporting of goods and services resulting from a change of recognition. This impacts corporate taxation, key ratios and dividend opportunities, which in turn affects stakeholder relationships with companies. Furthermore, the findings show that a possiblechange in generally accepted accounting principles in Sweden is at hand.Finally, the study shows that IFRS 15 is a less principle-based standard where the so-called five-step model offers more comprehensive guidance than the current revenue standard IAS 18.This paper is written in Swedish.
7
Kirilmaz, Elias, and Jennifer Quach. "Projektering av en järnvägsanläggning ur ett livscykelperspektiv : En fallstudie om hur infrastrukturförvaltare kan förbättra projektering av stora tekniska system med fokus på livscykelperspektivet." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-39425.
Abstract:
Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar projektering av en järnvägsanläggning ur ett livscykelperspektiv. Målet är att tydliggöra vad Trafikverket behöver ta hänsyn till vid projektering av en järnvägsanläggning Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar projekteringen av järnvägsanläggningar utifrån ett Life Cycle Managementlångsiktigt hållbarhetsperspektiv perspektiv med fokus en centralpunkt inom på Integrated Logistic Support. Med detta avser studien att ge förslag på för atthur organisationen kunnakan uppnå långsiktiga lönsamhetsmål de krav som ställs på järnvägsanläggningen samt öka förutsägbarheten för livscykelkostnaden. Frågeställningar: Hur kan projektering av järnvägsanläggningar förbättras ur ett långsiktigtlivscykel perspektiv? Vilka faktorer behöver Trafikverket ta hänsyn till vid projekteringsfasen för att säkerställa tillförlitliga och kostnadseffektiva järnvägsanläggningar? Hur kan en arbetsmetodik formas för att främja en kostnadseffektiv järnvägsanläggning? Metod: Följande studie är baserad på en kvalitativ fallstudie av Trafikverket. Metoden är baserad på semistrukturerade intervjuer och dokumentationsmetodik för att erhålla empiriska data. Litteraturstudien och det teoretiska ramverket är baserade på expertgranskade tidskrifter, vetenskapliga artiklar och böcker som täcker studieområdena. Slutsats: Studien har visat att projektering av järnvägsanläggningar ur ett livscykelperspektiv kan förbättras genom att ta fram konkreta underlag för stödja de besluts som ska tas. Beslutsunderlag för järnvägsanläggningen bör baseras på olika analyser för att kunna värdera vilket alternativ som ger den mest kostnadseffektiva anläggningen samtidigt som det återspeglar de efterfrågade målen och kraven. Analyser ska inte enbart baseras på tekniska konstruktion utan även driften samt underhållet behöver beaktas eftersom de har en stor inverkan på utfallet av kapaciteten, prestandan samt kostnaderna över hela anläggningens livscykel. Vidare har studien visat vikten av att ha tillförlitliga system som kan ge information om anläggningen och även all data som krävs för att utföra analyser.Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate which factors affect the longlife cycle-term planning of a railway infrastructure. The aim is to clarify what the Swedish Transport Administration needs to take into account when planning a railway infrastructure in the future in order to meet the requirements and increase the predictability of life cycle costs. Research questions: How can railway infrastructure planning phase be improved based on a life cycle long-term perspective? What factors do the Swedish Transport Administration need to take into account during the planning phase to ensure reliable and cost-effective railway infrastructure? How can a working methodology be designed to promote a cost-effective railway facility? Method: The following study is based on a qualitative case study of Swedish Transport Administration. The literature study and the theoretical framework are based on peer-previewed journals, scientific articles and books that covers the areas of the study. The empirical data collection is based on semi-structured interviews and reports from different administrative authority. Conclusion: This study has shown that planning of railway infrastructure from a life cycle perspective can be improved by concrete evidence to support the decisions to be taken. The decisions basis for the railway infrastructure should be based on various analysis in order to evaluate the most cost-effective option while reflecting the desired goals and requirements. However, analysis should not only be based on the technical design. It should also consider operation and maintenance, since they have a major impact on the outcome of capacity, performance and cost throughout the life cycle of the railway infrastructure. Furthermore, the study has demonstrated the importance of having reliable systems that can provide information about the railway infrastructure and all data required for carrying out analysis.
8
Berkaine, Mohammed Said. "L’approche par compétences, une approche en apesanteur et/ou les pesanteurs de l’environnement d’implantation ? Le cas du curriculum de français du troisième cycle du système éducatif algérien : pertinence et/ou faisabilité ?" Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30049.
Abstract:
Mots-clés : Compétence(s), curriclum, (socio) constructivismes, inter/transdisciplinarité, enseignement / apprentissage, intégration, déontologie, équité.Panacée, dernière innovation en sciences de l’éducation pour les uns, chimère, « mode » et/ou relais du néolibéralisme pour les autres, l’approche par compétences, auréolée de l’appui d’un certain nombre de bailleurs de fonds, d’organisations éducatives et d’ « experts » internationaux, s’est répandue comme une traînée de poudre dans bon nombre de systèmes éducatifs (BRONCKART, J.-P, 2009). Sa généralisation au nom d’un certain nombre d’idéaux, dont le sacro-saint principe de la lutte contre l’échec scolaire, de l’égalité des chances et de la référence à des valeurs humanistes et citoyennes, n’est toutefois pas sans susciter moult interrogations quant à sa pertinence, sa faisabilité et son efficacité dans certains contextes. Ainsi, à l’épineux volet épistémologique, en raison du statut fragile d’un certain nombre de ses concepts et paradigmes de références, dont la notion de compétence(s) et le constructivisme, entre autres, n’en sont que la parfaite illustration, se greffent voire s’imposent d’autres problématiques et débats d’ordre axiologique mais encore praxéologique. La présente thèse se veut, par l’étude de la mise en place et en œuvre dans l’enseignement du français au niveau secondaire de cette nouvelle « doctrine pédagogique » (HIRTT, N.,2009), une réflexion sur la pertinence et l’efficacité voire la faisabilité de l’APC dans le contexte algérien et par delà un retour réflexif, par une démarche de déconstruction, sur ses soubassements épistémologiques, politico-idéologiques et praxéologiques. Une occasion aussi de renouer avec, relancer, le débat sur l’éthique en didactique des langues étrangères et pointer du doigt un certain nombre de dysfonctionnements liés aux bouleversements engendrés par l’importation/ implantation de ce nouveau « mythe normatif » (TEHIO, V., 2009) dans l’enseignement apprentissage des langues étrangères dans un certain nombre de paysKeywords: Competence(y/ies), curriculum, (socio) constructivism, inter/trans-disciplinarity, teaching/learning, integrationBacked up by innovation in research in education on one hand, seen as a chimera, a fashion, and / or a push of neoliberalism on the other hand, Competency Based Approach (es) (CBA), sponsored by various international organisations and education experts, has been implemented within a few years in a considerable number of education systems all over the world FRATTERCh. (2004). Hence the generalization of CBA, enforced on behalf of a number of principles such as the consecrated fight against school failure, providing equal opportunities and the enhancement of humanistic and citizenship-related values, is nonetheless raising a number of issues relating to its relevance, feasibility and effectiveness in different contexts. The thorny epistemological aspect originating from the fragility of concepts and paradigms like competence (ies) and constructivism on which CBA is based, stands as perfect illustration of issues pertaining to politico-ideological as well praxeological issues. The present thesis aims, through a study of the implementation and the development of CBA as a “new education dogma” for teaching French at the secondary school level, HIRTT, N. (2009), at investigating the relevance, the effectiveness and even feasibility of CBA in the Algerian context. It also, attempts to rethink CBA’s epistemological, politico-ideological, and praxiological underpinnings following deconstruction stance. This provides an opportunity to launch once again the debate on ethics in foreign language education and to shed light on a number of dysfunctions brought about by the implementation of this novel “normative myth” TEHIO,V., (2009) in the teaching/learning of foreign languages in many countries
9
Gervais, Olivier. "Les changements structurels peuvent-ils être la cause de la grande modération de l'économie américaine?" Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2166/1/M10608.pdf.
Abstract:
Ce mémoire vise à déterminer les causes de la stabilisation du cycle économique américain, phénomène mieux connu sous le nom de la Grande Modération. Ce dernier fut remarqué au début des années quatre-vingt et quatre causes principales furent évoquées par la littérature: une meilleure politique monétaire, une meilleure gestion des stocks, une réduction de la taille des chocs économiques et finalement un changement d'ordre structurel de l'économie. Nous comparons les statistiques cycliques et les sentiers de réponse des principales variables économiques de la période 1959 à 1979 par rapport à la période 1984 à 2006. Les sentiers de réponses sont obtenus par plusieurs spécifications d'une représentation vectorielle autorégressive structurelle (SVAR) avec restrictions de long terme à la Blanchard et Quah. Les intervalles de confiance de ces sentiers sont obtenus par méthode de bootstrap. Cette méthodologie nous permet d'évaluer si, effectivement, des changements structurels pourraient expliquer cette stabilisation du cycle économique. Nous trouvons d'abord que de nombreux faits cycliques ont changé entre ces deux périodes. Ensuite, nos résultats montrent que la stabilisation du PIB pourrait être due à une réduction de la taille des chocs, alors que la stabilisation de l'inflation serait due à une politique monétaire plus crédible. Nous trouvons également qu'une plus grande flexibilité du marché du travail, notamment celle des salaires, pourrait avoir jouée un rôle dans cette Grande Modération. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Grande Modération, SVAR, Cycles économiques.
10
Liu, Hou-Chun, and 柳厚均. "The accompanied effects of process-oriented and temperature cycling loadings on the warpage of thin-type 3D-ICs packaging structure and the creep behavior of microjoints." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45262807612088466725.
Abstract:
碩士中原大學
機械工程研究所
105
Owing to the fact that requirements of the lifestyle for electronis devices has been shifted to a stage physically small and thin, a high density of chips is designed to meet the foregoing demand under the limited space. Although the technology of 2D-ICs packaging technology has been maturely developed, it has encountered a bottleneck which stops it from immediate progress: Therefore, it is inevitable that the 3D-ICs packaging technology becomes the major goal of technological developments in the future. Among them, through silicon via is one of the critical techniques. Because of the complexity in the design of 3D-ICs, the interaction among packaging components is expected to affect the reliability. Consequently, this research presents two 3D-ICs packaging with ultra-thin chip stacking to examine their mechanical reliability TSV structure and SnAg microjoints under only the thermal cycling loads and the accompanied effect of process-oriented and temperature cycling loads. Several concerned parameters, such as the thickness of chip, the TSV pitch , and TSV radius, for the foregoing two packaging structures are discussed by finite element analysis when the underfill materials with different Young''s modulus are taken into account. The simulated results show that when the double-layered chip stacking packaging structure is applied by the thermal cycling period, a better fatigue life of SnAg microjoint can be obtained under the situation of either the thinner chip, the longer TSV pitch, or the smaller TSV radius. On the other hand, a similar result would be acquired for a single-layered chip stacking packaging structure under the accompanied effects of process-oriented and temperature cycling loading. Finally, through the analytic assistance of full factoral design, the double-layered chip stacking packaging is performed parameterically investigations for its geometrics. The results show that when the thickness of each layer chip is 10 μm, the TSV pitch is 230 μm, and TSV radius is 5 μm, the SnAg solder microjoint would achieve its best fatigue life time under the considered designed range.
Books on the topic "Cyclic IMS":
1
Ono, Yōko. Ima o ikiru. Tōkyō: Shūeisha intānashonaru, 2014.
2
Pischulov, Viktor, Viktor Ivanickiy, and Evgeniy Dyatel. Cyclical development of the economy and the financial sector. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1895266.
Abstract:
The monograph is devoted to certain difficult-to-understand issues of the cyclical development of the economy, the study of the features of the functioning of the system of economics and finance in the conditions of cyclical development. The forms of financial cycles are investigated, as well as their interrelation and interdependence with economic cycles in general. As a scientific novelty, it should be noted the identification and study of elementary financial cycles of various types. The study of the problems of the cyclical nature of the financial sphere allows us to penetrate into the essence of monetary relations and finance. The financial sphere is considered as an integral structure, united by various forms of interaction of its constituent parts or subjects.
It can be useful for scientists, practitioners in the field of finance and financial policy, as well as for students of all forms of training in the field of preparation 38.03.01 "Economics" in accordance with the profiles "Finance and Credit", "Banking", "Financial markets and exchange technologies".
3
Ivanickiy, Viktor, and Mihail Loginov. Financial cycles and financial policy. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2108542.
Abstract:
The monograph is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the functioning of the financial system, the main of which is the cyclical nature of the processes taking place in the financial sector. The forms of financial cycles are revealed, as well as their interrelation and interdependence with economic cycles in general. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the identification and disclosure of elementary financial cycles of various types. The study of the problems of the cyclical nature of the financial sphere allows us to understand the essence of monetary relations, in particular finance. The specificity of the author's approach is that the financial sphere is considered as an integral structure united by various forms of interaction of its constituent parts or subjects.
The presented scientific and methodological material can be useful for scientists, practitioners, as well as for anyone interested in finance and financial policy issues.
4
Grote, Lion. "Alles fährt Rad!": Das gesellschaftliche Phänomen Radfahren in der Sport im Bild 1895-1904. München: AVM, 2011.
5
Bobryshev, Artur, Marina Vitushkina, and Valeriy Tumin. Monitoring the sustainability of enterprises with a long production cycle. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1227744.
Abstract:
The monograph examines the practice of monitoring the sustainability of enterprises that are characterized by a high duration of the production (technological) cycle of manufacturing products. Such enterprises form such industries as ship and aircraft construction, heavy engineering, and radio electronics. Based on the identification of the features of economic behavior associated with the duration of the production cycle, the authors prove that monitoring and evaluation of the sustainability of such enterprises should be carried out using special methods and algorithms based on the use of the concept of business modeling. The monograph is based on the materials of shipbuilding as the most typical industry, which is formed by enterprises with a long production cycle. It can be useful for specialists in the evaluation of companies, accounting employees, managers of organizations, employees of scientific and consulting firms, students of business schools, teachers, graduate students and university students studying in the areas of training "Management" and "Economics", as well as in engineering and technology areas, and all students of the disciplines of economic, organizational and management cycles.
6
KOZLOVA, TAT'YaNA. Fundamentals of costume design theory. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1079849.
Abstract:
Theoretical questions of costume shaping, periodicity of its forms and cyclical structure development are presented. The process of creating industrial clothing collections is considered. The principles of designing individual parts of the costume are given.
For students studying in the direction of training 54.03.03 art of costume and textiles"."
7
Bouzouita, Miriam, Anne Breitbarth, Lieven Danckaert, and Elisabeth Witzenhausen, eds. Cycles in Language Change. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824961.001.0001.
Abstract:
The notion of ‘linguistic cycle’ has long been recognized as being relevant to the descriptions of many processes of language change. In a process known as grammaticalization, a given linguistic form loses its lexical meaning as well as some of its phonological content, and then gradually weakens, until it ultimately vanishes. This process of change becomes cyclic when the grammaticalized form is replaced by an innovative item, which can develop along exactly the same pathway. This volume unites thirteen chapters which address aspects of cyclical change from a wide variety of empirical perspectives. Couched in the generative framework, the contributions to this book bear witness to the rapidly growing interest among Chomskyan syntacticians in the phenomenon of grammaticalization. Topics touched upon include, but are not limited to, the diachrony of negation (in the context of, but also beyond, Jespersen’s Cycle), the syntax of determiners and pronominal clitics, the internal structure of wh-words and logical operators, cyclical changes in argument structure, and the relationship between morphology and syntax. One conclusion that transpires is that the correlation between cyclical change and grammaticalization—though undeniable—is perhaps less strong than sometimes assumed. Given its emphasis on empirical data description and theoretical analysis, Cycles in Language Change will be of interest to historical linguists working in formal and usage-based frameworks, and more broadly to scholars interested in language variation and change.
8
Speed, Cathy, and Laurence Berman. Bicycling injuries. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199533909.003.0045.
Abstract:
Cycling as a competitive sport actually preceded the invention of our familiar pedalled chain-driven two-wheeled device by almost two decades. Some traditionalists consider that cycle sport should be confined to the conventional iconic drop-handlebar ‘racing cycle’ in either its fixed-wheel guise on the track or its multi-geared superficially similar cousin used in road racing. The evolution of cycling as an Olympic event gives the lie to this narrow view and is a metaphor for the development of the sport....
9
Kölker, Stefan, Johannes Häberle, and Valerie Walker. Urea Cycle Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0017.
Abstract:
The urea cycle is the final pathway for removal of surplus nitrogen from the body, the major route in humans for irreversible detoxification of ammonia and a source of arginine.2,3 Patients with adult-onset urea cycle disorders present with clinical symptoms that have a broad differential diagnosis (e.g., protein aversion, inappetence, cyclic vomiting, epilepsy, psychiatric disease, migraine, liver dysfunction). Unlike infants and children some adult-onset patients may never develop acute hyperammonemic crises. Since symptoms are often fluctuating and the diagnosis can only be made if specific tests are made, the diagnosis is often delayed or missed. Earlier detection and intervention would improve the patients’ outcome, which currently is poor.
10
Ahmed, Ahmed I., Sarah Aldhaheri, and Allison Bannick. Inherited Metabolic Diseases (IMDs) and Pregnancy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667351.003.0030.
Abstract:
Inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) are rare genetic disorders: clinically heterogeneous, and they can present at any age. With the expanded newborn screening panels, many of the IMDs have been successfully screened. Early diagnosis and treatment of these conditions have led to improved neurological outcomes and overall survival of these individuals, and now many of them are reaching childbearing age. Despite treatment, the potential presence of preexisting organ involvement may not only impact their fertility potentials but also may impose a higher risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Pregnancy leads to an extra strain on maternal metabolism; this may result in the manifestation of symptoms of a previously unknown disease or a progression of a known disease. This chapter will address the possible complications of some inherited disorders of metabolism that are associated with maternal or fetal neurological manifestations such as disorders of energy metabolism (eg, mitochondrial disorders, adult onset urea cycle disorders, ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency, amino acidopathies, phenylketonuria (PKU), and impaired fatty acid oxidation disorders). We will provide special emphasis on the available potential treatments and plan of care during pregnancy and postpartum periods.
Book chapters on the topic "Cyclic IMS":
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Lange, Christoph, Jörg Langkau, and Sebastian Bader. "The IDS Information Model: A Semantic Vocabulary for Sovereign Data Exchange." In Designing Data Spaces, 111–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93975-5_7.
Abstract:
AbstractThe Information Model of the International Data Spaces (IDS-IM) is the central integration enabler for the semantic interoperability in any IDS ecosystem. It contains the terms and relationships to describe the IDS components, their interactions, and conditions under which data exchange and usage is possible. It thus presents the common denominator for the IDS and the foundation for any IDS communication. As such, its evolution cycles are deeply related with the maturity process of the IDS itself. This chapter makes the following contributions related to the IDS Information Model: a brief overview of the vocabulary, its guiding principles, and general features is supplied. Based on these explanations, several upcoming aspects are discussed that reflect the latest state of discussions about the declaration and cryptographic assurance of identities and decentralized identifiers, and how these need to be treated to ensure compliance with the IDS principles.In addition, we explain the latest developments around the IDS Usage Contract Language, the module of the IDS-IM that expresses Usage Contracts, and data restrictions. These definitions are further implemented with infrastructure components, in particular the presented, newly specified Policy Information Point and the Participant Information Service of the IDS.
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Moritsugu, Shuichi. "Integrating Circumradius and Area Formulae for Cyclic Pentagons." In Mathematical Software – ICMS 2014, 214–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44199-2_34.
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Sadeq, Iman, Farzad Hejazi, and Sarah Jabbar. "Performance of Various Connection System for IBS Structure Subjected to Cyclic Load." In GCEC 2017, 543–59. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8016-6_43.
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Jacobs, Jan. "The IBS-CCSO model, a SEM of the Netherlands." In Econometric Business Cycle Research, 73–144. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5591-9_5.
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Joswig, Michael, and Lars Kastner. "New Counts for the Number of Triangulations of Cyclic Polytopes." In Mathematical Software – ICMS 2018, 264–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96418-8_31.
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Yoshida, Fusahito, Takeshi Uemori, and S. Abe. "Modeling of Large-Strain Cyclic Plasticity for Accurate Springback Simulation." In Engineering Plasticity and Its Applications, 811–16. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-433-2.811.
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Amarnadh, Narayanasetty, and Pinaki Mitra. "Upper Bound on Dilation of Triangulations of Cyclic Polygons." In Computational Science and Its Applications - ICCSA 2006, 1–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11751540_1.
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Zhou, Lin Cong, and Long Zhu Chen. "Nonlinear Analysis of R/C Frame under Static and Cyclic Loadings." In Engineering Plasticity and Its Applications, 1387–92. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-433-2.1387.
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Nishimura, Naoya, Toshio Hattori, Minoru Yamashita, and Naoyuki Hayakawa. "Self Loosening Behavior of Metal Thread Joints under Transverse Cyclic Loading." In Engineering Plasticity and Its Applications, 1467–72. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-433-2.1467.
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Toi, Yutaka, and Jie He. "Dynamic and Cyclic Response Simulation of Shape Memory Alloy Devices." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2010, 498–510. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12179-1_41.
Conference papers on the topic "Cyclic IMS":
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Isaac, Giorgis, Hernando Olivos, and Robert Plumb. "Lipid separation and structural characterization using travelling wave cyclic ion mobility." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/snxj7960.
Abstract:
The analysis and structural characterization of lipids remain challenging due to the chemical structure diversity and isobaric nature. In recent years, liquid chromatography coupled to ion mobility-mass spectrometry (LC-IM-MS) for lipidomics has shown advantages in lipid identification. In particular, collision cross section (CCS) obtained from the IM measurements represents a physical property that can be used to enhance the confidence of lipid identification. Data were collected on a hybrid quadrupole cyclic IM (cIM) orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight instrument. It provides the option to perform either a single pass, or multiple passes until the desired resolution is achieved. MS and CID fragmentation data were obtained on precursor IM separated lipids followed by TOF mass measurement. Using the advanced travelling WAVE technology, a portion of the IMS separation can be selected and stored in a Pre-Array trap region. The stored ions can be re-injected to enable ion mobility analysis and by repeating this IMS to the “n” experiments can be performed. Ion mobility provides additional separation dimension that allows the separation of isobaric and isomeric compounds. The separation and structural characterization of different lipid classes using cIM is currently under study. Different lipid classes with positional isomer (Sn1/Sn2 vs Sn2/Sn1), different double bond positions, cis and trans isomers, glucosyl and galactosyl ceramide isomers, PIP and ganglioside isomers were investigated. Some of the isomers were baseline separated only after 1 pass (approximately at 65 IMS resolution) and others with 50 passes (approximately at 450 IMS resolution). In summary, cyclic IMS provides novel, scalable ion mobility resolution and the increased resolution is useful to resolve and separate isobaric and isomeric lipids species. Advanced modes of operation with ion activation followed by ion mobility separation offers new insights into lipid structural characterization.
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Pang, John H. L., and Luhua Xu. "Board-Level Drop Reliability Performance Before and After Thermal Cycling Aging." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33738.
Abstract:
The combined sequential reliability test of thermal cycling aging followed by board level drop test for lead-free SnAgCu soldered assemblies were investigated. Interfacial IMCs, Kirkendall voids formation and interconnect failure mode are studied subject to TC aging. Kirkendall voids were observed with Ar+ sputtering etching. The failure sites and mechanism were examined and correlated with IMC and void formation. Significant decrease of drop life was observed for both SAC/ENIG and SAC/Cu-OSP assemblies after thermal cycling aging. Growth of Kirkendall voids and IMC significantly weakened the solder joint interface during TC aging. Drop impact crack path changed from the IMC to the IMC/Cu interface.
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Toh, Chin Hock, Arun Raman, Thomas Fitzgerald, Madhuri Narkhede, Alfred A. La Mar, and Dennis Prem Kumar Chandran. "Effects of Thermal Lids Gold Plating Thickness on Thermal Interface Reliability for Flip Chip Packaging." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33505.
Abstract:
This paper summarizes the intermetallic compounds (IMC) formation at the interface between thermal interface material (TIM) and nickel/gold plated integrated heat spreader (IHS) at varying Au thickness, and its impact on thermal reliability. Indium solders due to their high thermal conductivity are commonly used as the TIM to dissipate heat from silicon die to the thermal lids for new generation microprocessors with higher operating die temperatures. Indium solders readily wet the Au plating on thermal lids to form IMC during soldering. Optimal Au thickness is essential; Au thickness should be thick enough for reliable soldering, but must also be thin enough to offset the high cost and to prevent formation of a brittle Au-rich IMC layer in the solder joint. AuIn2 is the preferred IMC for indium-gold soldering and does not embrittle the solder joint. Resulting IMC type depends on the Au:In ratio which can be predicted by a In-Au binary phase diagram. On this basis, critical Au plating thickness to form AuIn2 IMC can be estimated using the known density values for electroplated gold and indium. In this study, Au thicknesses ranging from 0.035 to 0.2μm with a fixed gold pad size were electrolytically plated on a nickel plated copper lid. Assembled units were then subjected to Temperature Cycling-B (TCB). An in-house developed metrology for measuring junction-to-case thermal impedance (Rjc) is described. In this study, varying the thermal lids Au-plating thickness between 0.035 to 0.2 μm only lead to slight increase in center and corner Rjc values through 115 cycles TCB. The maximum center Rjc degradation post thermal cycling observed was only ∼ 1.7% on the lids with Au pad thickness between 0.035 – 0.04 μm. There were also no clear indications of impact of Au pad thickness on center and corner Rjc performance at EOL or post 115 cycles TCB. Thermal lids/TIM interface integrity remains unchanged for the range of Au pad thickness considered. However, detailed scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy showed thicker Au plating results in greater incidence of AuIn2 IMC nodules beneath In-Ni-Au ternary IMC layer at end of line (EOL) ie post packaging and test. AuIn2 IMC is formed right after assembly and is what that holds the solder to the lid. As such, it follows that the presence of a more continuous and possibly greater number of AuIn2 IMC nodules can be expected to provide a better lid-solder joint at EOL.
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Huang, Qin, Qiuju Diao, and Shu Lin. "Circulant decomposition: Cyclic, quasi-cyclic and LDPC codes." In Its Applications (Isita2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isita.2010.5649214.
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Monden, Kenji. "Reliability Improvement of Solder Joints Between Ceramic Chip Resistors and Insulated Metal Substrates With Thick Copper Pads." In ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems collocated with the ASME 2005 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2005-73176.
Abstract:
An insulated metal substrate (IMS) is a circuit board comprised of an insulating layer on a metal base plate. The insulating layer is made from epoxy resin incorporating dense inorganic fillers with high thermal conductivity. Because the substrates have high thermal conductivity, they have been used in electrical products that generate intense heat, such as inverters, amplifiers, motor drivers and so on. For using a high power semiconductor, thick copper pads are used on IMSs. In many times, aluminum plates are used for metal base plates in IMSs. The substrates are repeated heating and cooling in ordinary usage. So cracks of solder joints between ceramic chip resistors and IMSs often occur because of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between ceramic and aluminum. Moreover, SnAgCu solder used to replace eutectic Sn/Pb solder as the joint has become major trend from a viewpoint of earth environmental protection. Finite element analysis was used for development of a high reliable IMS to meet these demand for the IMSs. The accelerated temperature cycling test on IMS was simulated by finite element method. The influence of the CTE of metal base plate and the influence of the modulus of insulating layer were studied. The reliability of solder was predicted to increase with CTE reduction of metal base plate. The modulus of insulating layer must be reduced sharply for a high reliable IMS. However, the insulating layer is difficult to be realized by using the epoxy resin. So the effect by fixing the chip resistor on a IMS using resin was calculated. When the space between the bottom of a chip resistor and the copper pads were filled up with resin such as underfill resin in ball grid array (BGA) mounting, it was predicted that the stress of solder decreased. The effect was confirmed by experiment. Solder joint fracture life of accelerated temperature cycling test on IMS was improved more than three times longer by using the underfill resin.
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Alqadri, Mowafaq, and Haslinda Ibrahim. "On the cyclic decomposition of complete multigraph into near Hamiltonian cycles." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH IMT-GT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS, STATISTICS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS (ICMSA2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5012154.
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Aldiabat, Raja’i, and Haslinda Ibrahim. "On cyclic near-Hamiltonian cycle system of the complete multigraph." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH IMT-GT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS, STATISTICS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS (ICMSA2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5012151.
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Wilhelm, Dirk, Dr Jens Weber, and Johannes-Georg Gödeke. "HV Fuses with Improved Cyclic Stability ICS®." In CIRED 2021 - The 26th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2021.1798.
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Ostojic, Gordana, Vukica Jovanovic, Stevan Stankovski, and Milovan Lazarevic. "RFID Product and Part Tracking for the Preventive Maintenance." In ASME 2009 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2009-84122.
Abstract:
RFID technology can be applied during the different phases of a product realization, material handling, packaging, but also during the disassembly. Recently, environmental issues have posed certain challenges in a way that products are being handled after the end of their lifecycle. Nowadays, the products are being designed for assembly but also for a disassembly. Whatever the selected strategy for products or parts of products is at the end of their life cycle, it is necessary to design an appropriate production system as well as a disassembly system. Reflection about the final stages in a product overall lifecycle early in the process has enabled focus on a sustainable design. In this paper, one such system is going to be described. Managing of product related data and product identification could be more efficient if some new technologies are used. One of them is the use In-mould labeling (IML) technology. The molded plastic items are being labeled before they are formed by different kinds of robots or manipulators. Labels are caught into the mould of plastic injection molding machines (IMM). Our intention is to present an automated system that enables tracking of product throughout the different stages of its lifecycle. Writing and updating information about the states of the IML robot and its basic robot components (e.g. cylinders), on the RFID tag and in database, could be done only by an authorized user. The user can get the information about the momentary status of a particular product or part during different phases during the life cycle. Information placed in the database about a product can describe the components that can be used for spare parts, information about the services (dates and descriptions), number of working cycles, etc. Such information can be used for product or part tracking for preventive maintenance.
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Sangalli, Nicoletta, and Donald B. Barker. "Key Parameters Affecting Solder Joint Life of Chip Resistors and Chip Capacitors Mounted on Insulated Metal Substrate." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2244.
Abstract:
Abstract Aluminum insulated metal substrate (IMS) is often used as an alternative to FR-4 to enhance heat dissipation in high power applications. Although IMS offers better heat dissipation, the solder joint life of leadless chip resistors and chip capacitors under thermal cycling can decrease. This is due to the higher mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion between the ceramic based components and the aluminum board. This paper has two main objectives. One is to investigate the sensitivity of solder joint life of ceramic chip capacitor and chip resistor mounted on IMS to variations in dielectric thickness, board material, and solder thickness on. This sensitivity analysis is conducted with finite element analysis (FEA) simulation. The other objective is to determine the solder joint life for different resistor sizes at different temperature ranges with FEA modeling and experiment data. These results are presented in terms of design guidelines to be used in the selection of component size, board material, and temperature ranges, given an expected solder joint life.
Reports on the topic "Cyclic IMS":
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Stuedlein, Armin, Ali Dadashiserej, and Amalesh Jana. Models for the Cyclic Resistance of Silts and Evaluation of Cyclic Failure during Subduction Zone Earthquakes. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/zkvv5271.
Abstract:
This report describes several advances in the cyclic failure assessment of silt soils with immediate and practical benefit to the geotechnical earthquake engineering profession. First, a database of cyclic loading test data is assembled, evaluated, and used to assess trends in the curvature of the CRR-N (cyclic resistance ratio - the number of equivalent cycles) relationship. This effort culminated in a plasticity index-dependent function which can be used to estimate the exponent b in the power law describing cyclic resistance, and may be used to estimate the cyclic resistance of silt soils as well as the number of equivalent loading cycles anticipated for subduction zone earthquakes. Statistical models for the cyclic resistance ratio and cyclic strength ratio are presented in this report. The SHANSEP (Stress History and Normalized Soil Engineering Properties)-inspired functional form of these models have been trained and tested against independent datasets and finalized using a combined dataset to provide reasonable estimates of resistance based on the available data. These models can be used to provide provisional estimates of the CRR-N and cyclic strength ratio power laws for cyclic shear strain failure criteria ranging from 1 to 10%, within certain stated limitations. The ground motion records within the NGA Subduction Project which have been released to the public to-date are implemented to examine the role of subduction zone earthquake characteristics on the number of equivalent loading cycles for a wide range of soils with exponents b ranging from 0.05 (moderate plasticity silt and clay) to 0.35 (dense sand). This analysis shows that the number of loading cycles for a given magnitude subduction zone earthquake is larger than those previously computed, whereas the corresponding magnitude scaling factors for use with the Simplified Method span a smaller range as a result of the ground motion characteristics. Owing to the large variability in the computed equivalent number of loading cycles, consideration of the uncertainty is emphasized in forward analyses. The work described herein may be used to estimate cyclic resistance of intact non-plastic and plastic silt soils and corresponding factor of safety against cyclic failure for a range in cyclic shear strain failure criteria, to plan cyclic laboratory testing programs, and to calibrate models for use in site response and nonlinear deformation analyses in the absence of site-specific cyclic test data. As with any empirical approach, the models presented herein should be revised when additional, high-quality cyclic testing data become available.
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Grafi, Gideon, and Brian Larkins. Endoreduplication in Maize Endosperm: An Approach for Increasing Crop Productivity. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575285.bard.
Abstract:
The focus of this research project is to investigate the role of endoreduplication in maize endosperm development and the extent to which this process contributes to high levels of starch and storage protein synthesis. Although endoreduplication has been widely observed in many cells and tissues, especially those with high levels of metabolic activity, the molecular mechanisms through which the cell cycle is altered to produce consecutive cycles of S-phase without an intervening M-phase are unknown. Our previous research has shown that changes in the expression of several cell cycle regulatory genes coincide with the onset of endoreduplication. During this process, there is a sharp reduction in the activity of the mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and activation of the S-phase CDK. It appears the M-phase CDK is stable, but its activity is blocked by a proteinaceous inhibitor. Coincidentally, the S-phase checkpoint protein, retinoblastoma (ZmRb), becomes phosphorylated, presumably releasing an E2F-type transcriptional regulator which promotes the expression of genes responsible for DNA synthesis. To investigate the role of these cell cycle proteins in endoreduplication, we have created transgenic maize plants that express various genes in an endosperm-specific manner using a storage protein (g-zein) promoter. During the first year of the grant, we constructed point mutations of the maize M-phase kinase, p34cdc2. One alteration replaced aspartic acid at position 146 with asparagine (p3630-CdcD146N), while another changed threonine 161 to alanine (p3630-CdcT161A). These mutations abolish the activity of the CDK. We hypothesized that expression of the mutant forms of p34cdc2 in endoreduplicating endosperm, compared to a control p34cdc2, would lead to extra cycles of DNA synthesis. We also fused the gene encoding the regulatory subunit of the M- phase kinase, cyclin B, under the g-zein promoter. Normally, cyclin B is expected to be destroyed prior to the onset of endoreduplication. By producing high levels of this protein in developing endosperm, we hypothesized that the M-phase would be extended, potentially reducing the number of cycles of endoreduplication. Finally, we genetically engineered the wheat dwarf virus RepA protein for endosperm-specific expression. RepA binds to the maize retinoblastoma protein and presumably releases E2F-like transcription factors that activate DNA synthesis. We anticipated that inactivation of ZmRb by RepA would lead to additional cycles of DNA synthesis.
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Alexander, Chris. PR652-184505-R01 Evaluating Installation Techniques for Pipeline Repair Methods. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012029.
Abstract:
A testing program was conducted to evaluate the effects of internal pressure during the installation of composite and steel sleeves repair systems on pipelines with plain dents. The testing program included cyclic pressure testing a group of 12.75-inch OD x 0.188-inch WT, Grade X42 pipe samples with plain dents having residual dent depths on the order of 3% to 4% of the pipe's outside diameter. The dent samples were repaired using four (4) different composite repair systems, type-A steel sleeves, and steel thermal compression sleeves. The composite repair systems included a carbon fiber wet-layup, an E-glass wet-layup, a system with precured plies, and a hybrid composite-steel repair system. To determine the effect internal pressure has on repair installation for dents, all repairs were installed with an internal pressure of 64% SMYS (793 psig) in the pipe sample. The dent samples were then pressure cycled between 8 - 80% SMSY ( and Delta;P = 900 psig) until failure or reaching the runout condition of 250,000 cycles. Only three (3) out of the fourteen (14) repaired dents reached the 250,000 pressure cycle runout condition and these samples were all repaired using steel sleeves. The maximum number of cycles reached by any composite repair was approximately 200,000 cycles while the least number of cycles reached was approximately 24,000 cycles. In addition to the dent repairs, two (2) 12.75-inch OD x 0.375-inch WT, Grade X42 pipe samples with a 6-inch x 8-inch corrosion defect were repaired with an E-glass wet-layup. These two (2) samples were a continuation of a previous study that investigated the effects of a 50% SMYS (1,235 psig) installation pressure on the fatigue performance of corrosion repairs. Both samples reached the runout condition of 250,000 cycles. The body of work is seminal in that it is the first time that industry was evaluated a wide range of repair technologies to determine the effects of pressure during installation in reinforcing plain dents. It has been speculated for some time that internal pressure present during installation of composite repair technologies has an impact on fatigue performance. Although corrosion features do not appear to be a concern, the reinforcement of dents with internal pressure requires careful consideration. Because gas transmission pipelines do not experience aggressive pressure cycling, the effects of pressure present during installation are not a major concern. However, liquid transmission pipeline operators should be cognizant of the pressure effects and respond accordingly. Namely, pressure should be reduced during installation as much as possible.
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Baader, Franz. Terminological cycles in a description logic with existential restrictions. Technische Universität Dresden, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.120.
Abstract:
Cyclic definitions in description logics have until now been investigated only for description logics allowing for value restrictions. Even for the most basic language FL₀, which allows for conjunction and value restrictions only, deciding subsumption in the presence of terminological cycles is a PSPACE-complete problem. This report investigates subsumption in the presence of terminological cycles for the language EL, which allows for conjunction and existential restrictions. In contrast to the results for FL₀, subsumption in EL remains polynomial, independent of wether we use least fixpoint semantics, greatest fixpoint semantics, or descriptive semantics. These results are shown via a characterization of subsumption through the existence of certain simulation relations between nodes of the description graph associated with a given cyclic terminology.
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Wang, Chih-Hao, and Na Chen. Do Multi-Use-Path Accessibility and Clustering Effect Play a Role in Residents' Choice of Walking and Cycling? Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2011.
Abstract:
The transportation studies literature recognizes the relationship between accessibility and active travel. However, there is limited research on the specific impact of walking and cycling accessibility to multi-use paths on active travel behavior. Combined with the culture of automobile dependency in the US, this knowledge gap has been making it difficult for policy-makers to encourage walking and cycling mode choices, highlighting the need to promote a walking and cycling culture in cities. In this case, a clustering effect (“you bike, I bike”) can be used as leverage to initiate such a trend. This project contributes to the literature as one of the few published research projects that considers all typical categories of explanatory variables (individual and household socioeconomics, local built environment features, and travel and residential choice attitudes) as well as two new variables (accessibility to multi-use paths calculated by ArcGIS and a clustering effect represented by spatial autocorrelation) at two levels (level 1: binary choice of cycling/waking; level 2: cycling/walking time if yes at level 1) to better understand active travel demand. We use data from the 2012 Utah Travel Survey. At the first level, we use a spatial probit model to identify whether and why Salt Lake City residents walked or cycled. The second level is the development of a spatial autoregressive model for walkers and cyclists to examine what factors affect their travel time when using walking or cycling modes. The results from both levels, obtained while controlling for individual, attitudinal, and built-environment variables, show that accessibility to multi-use paths and a clustering effect (spatial autocorrelation) influence active travel behavior in different ways. Specifically, a cyclist is likely to cycle more when seeing more cyclists around. These findings provide analytical evidence to decision-makers for efficiently evaluating and deciding between plans and policies to enhance active transportation based on the two modeling approaches to assessing travel behavior described above.
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Da Silva, Thiago. CDK2 Phosphorylation on Threonine39 by AKT and Its Implication on Cyclin Binding, Cellular Localization, and Cell Cycle Progression. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada488284.
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Arumugam, Udayansankar, Mimoun Elboujdaini, Ming Gao, and Ramiro Vanoye. PR-328-133702-R02 F-S Fatigue Testing of Crack-in-Dent with Framework for Life Prediction. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011628.
Abstract:
ASME B31.8 states that "Dents that contain stress corrosion cracking or other cracks are injurious to the pipeline" and therefore, requires immediate attention by the Operators. Dent containing crack fields (colonies) are often observed in liquid pipelines. The recently completed PRCI research project MD-1N "Study of the Mechanism for Cracking in Dents in a Crude Oil Pipeline" showed evidence of a mechanism for fatigue cracking. The crack growth rate as a function of stress intensity factor was estimated using the measured spacings of fatigue striations from fracture surfaces based on the assumption that the formation of fatigue striations on a cycle-by-cycle basis. However, due to the lack of full-scale fatigue crack growth data, the success was limited. This gap prompted PRCI to launch a full-scale experimental investigation of crack growth rates of cracks in dents under cyclic pressure load in the simulated groundwater NS4 environment (PRC-328-133702, MD-1Q). The objective of the study was to determine the crack growth rate as a function of stress intensity factor, the number of cycles to failure, and the failure modes of cracks in dents. The test results would be used to evaluate the validity of cycle-by-cycle based assumption for crack growth rate estimation from the measured fatigue-striation-spacing. The investigation was also aimed at establishing a framework for remaining fatigue life prediction of cracks in dents in liquid pipelines. This framework would benefit liquid pipeline Operators to manage better the integrity of dents associated with corrosion fatigue cracking in groundwater. A total of six pipe samples containing cracks in shallow dents excavated from a retired 24-inch diameter liquid transmission pipeline were available and used for the full-scale fatigue tests. The test system developed under the project consisted of four components: (1) a computer-controlled hydraulic pressure cycling system, (2) an environment chamber containing a simulated groundwater NS4 solution mounted on the pipe in around the dent region to provide a simulated field environment condition; (3) real-time crack growth monitoring systems including direct cur-rent potential drop (DCPD), Clip gage and Strain gage; (4) data acquisition system. The cyclic pressure range used in the fatigue tests was 78 to 780 psig (72%SMYS) with R=0.1, which was based on historical operational pressure data and the Rain flow analysis. A constant frequency of 0.0526 Hz was selected for the testing to ensure the frequency requirement for corrosion fatigue is met. The remaining fatigue life of cracks-in-dents and failure modes were evaluated using the full-scale fatigue test results. Further, fatigue crack growth rates were established. Finally, a framework was developed for the life prediction of cracks in shallow dents based on the findings from six full-scale fatigue cyclic tests. This framework will assist liquid pipeline operators to estimate the remaining fatigue life for cracks in shallow dents utilizing inputs from ILI and pipeline's historical operational pressure fluctuation data and to mitigate the threat of cracks in dents in a timely manner. There is a related webinar.
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Kinikles, Dellena, and John McCartney. Hyperbolic Hydro-mechanical Model for Seismic Compression Prediction of Unsaturated Soils in the Funicular Regime. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/yunw7668.
Abstract:
A semi-empirical elasto-plastic constitutive model with a hyperbolic stress-strain curve was developed with the goal of predicting the seismic compression of unsaturated sands in the funicular regime of the soil-water retention curve (SWRC) during undrained cyclic shearing. Using a flow rule derived from energy considerations, the evolution in plastic volumetric strain (seismic compression) was predicted from the plastic shear strains of the hysteretic hyperbolic stress-strain curve. The plastic volumetric strains are used to predict the changes in degree of saturation from phase relationships and changes in pore air pressure from Boyle’s and Henry’s laws. The degree of saturation was used to estimate changes in matric suction from the transient scanning paths of the SWRC. Changes in small-strain shear modulus estimated from changes in mean effective stress computed from the constant total stress and changes in pore air pressure, degree of saturation and matric suction, in turn affect the hyperbolic stress-strain curve’s shape and the evolution in plastic volumetric strain. The model was calibrated using experimental shear stress-strain backbone curves from drained cyclic simple shear tests and transient SWRC scanning path measurements from undrained cyclic simple shear tests. Then the model predictions were validated using experimental data from undrained cyclic simple shear tests on unsaturated sand specimens with different initial degrees of saturation in the funicular regime. While the model captured the coupled evolution in hydro-mechanical variables (pore air pressure, pore water pressure, matric suction, degree of saturation, volumetric strain, effective stress, shear modulus) well over the first 15 cycles of shearing, the predictions were less accurate after continued cyclic shearing up to 200 cycles. After large numbers of cycles of undrained shearing, a linear decreasing trend between seismic compression and initial degree of saturation was predicted from the model while a nonlinear increasing-decreasing trend was observed in the cyclic simple shear experiments. This discrepancy may be due to not considering post shearing reconsolidation in the model, calibration of model parameters, or experimental issues including a drift in the position of the hysteretic shear-stress strain curve. Nonetheless, the trend from the model is consistent with predictions from previously- developed empirical models in the funicular regime of the SWRC. The developments of the new mechanistic model developed in this study will play a key role in the future development of a holistic model for predicting the seismic compression across all regimes of the SWRC.
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Calderón, César, Alberto E. Chong, and Ernesto H. Stein. Trade Intensity and Business Cycle Synchronization: Are Developing Countries any Different? Inter-American Development Bank, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010806.
Abstract:
Some key criteria in the optimal currency area literature are that countries should join a currency union if they have closer international trade links and more symmetric business cycles. However, both criteria are endogenous. Frankel and Rose (1998) find that trade intensity increases cycle correlation among industrial countries. We study whether the same result holds true for the case of developing countries, as their different patterns of international trade and specialization may lead to cyclical asymmetries among them and between industrial and developing countries. We gather annual information for 147 countries for 1960-99 (33,676 country pairs) and find: (i) countries with higher bilateral trade exhibit higher business cycle synchronization, with an increase of one standard deviation in bilateral trade intensity raising the output correlation from 0.05 to 0.09 for all country pairs; (ii) countries with more asymmetric structures of production exhibit a smaller business cycle correlation; (iii) the impact of trade integration on business cycles is higher for industrial countries than both developing and industrial-developing country pairs; (iv) a one standard deviation increase in bilateral trade intensity leads to surges in output correlation from 0.25 to 0.39 among industrial countries, from 0.08 to 0.10 for our sample of industrial-developing country pairs, and from 0.03 to 0.06 among developing countries; (v) the impact of trade intensity on cycle correlation is smaller the greater the production structure asymmetries between the countries.
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Elsby, Michael, Ryan Michaels, and Gary Solon. The Ins and Outs of Cyclical Unemployment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12853.