Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cycle veille-sommeil – Effets de la lumière'
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Faradji-Prevautel, Hélène. "Etude des mécanismes responsables de la régulation des rythmes circadiens du sommeil ou de l'activité chez les souris mutantes de la souche ZRDCT-An." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO19010.
Full textFontaine, Charlotte. "Contrôle de l'horloge biologique par stimulus lumineux artificiel : application pour l'adaptation des opérateurs au travail de nuit." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25971.
Full textTang, Ni. "Circadian and non-visual regulation of light on sleep-wake states in humans and nocturnal rodents." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10356.
Full textLight influences a wide range of behavioral and physiological functions, including sleep-wake cycles, melatonin secretion, pupil light reflex, glucose metabolism, and more. As a key environmental factor, light synchronizes the circadian system with a roughly 24-hour cycle. Light signals are detected by a specific type of retinal cell, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), which are distinct from the classical photoreceptors—rods and cones—that are primarily involved in vision. These ipRGCs transmit light information to the brain's master circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. The SCN then projects to various brain structures, coordinating rhythmic behavioral and physiological processes. Notably, ipRGCs also send projections to brain regions beyond the SCN, bypassing circadian regulation to directly influence non-visual functions like sleep, wakefulness, and metabolism. This dual pathway—circadian and non-circadian—mediates light's non-visual effects on the body. However, the exact mechanisms by which light affects sleep-wake states, and which brain structures and neurotransmitters are involved, remain largely unknown. As artificial light becomes increasingly common in modern life, including during nighttime, its disruption of natural light-dark cycles raises concerns. The aim of our project is to explore the wake-promoting and sleep-inhibiting effects of light using both animal models and human studies. In the animal studies, we employed genetically modified mouse models with disrupted histamine and/or orexin transmission to investigate whether these neurotransmitters mediate the sleep-inducing effects of light. Mice were exposed to three conditions: LD12:12, DD, and LD1:1 cycles. Our findings revealed that light significantly increased slow-wave sleep (SWS) during the dark phase in wild-type (WT) mice, but this effect was diminished in OX knockout, HDC knockout, and dual OX/HDC knockout mice. Additionally, light induced a significant increase in EEG delta activity during SWS in WT, OX knockout, and OX/HDC knockout mice, but not in HDC knockout mice. Furthermore, while light induced sleep rapidly and for a sustained duration in WT mice, this effect was slower and shorter-lasting in the knockout models. These results suggest that the sleep-inducing effects of light require both orexin and histamine transmission. In the human study, 20 healthy male participants were exposed to four different light conditions (0, 3, 8, and 20 lux) during a 5-day protocol in a controlled laboratory setting. We found that wake after sleep onset (WASO) was significantly higher under 20 lux compared to lower light intensities, and sleep efficiency was lower under 20 lux than under 3 and 8 lux. Interestingly, there were no significant differences in salivary melatonin and cortisol levels at wake time between the four light conditions. Similarly, body temperature during sleep remained unchanged across light conditions, but heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) were affected, with a decrease in HR and an increase in HRV under 20 lux and 3 lux compared to 0 lux. Glucose levels during sleep were significantly higher under low-light conditions (3 and 20 lux) than under 0 lux. Moreover, nocturnal light exposure impaired sensitivity to light and cognitive performance the following morning. Our study concludes that even very low-intensity artificial light at night (ALAN) can disturb sleep and affect physiological functions
Girodias, Véronique. "Effets du gamma-hydroxybutyrate sur le cycle veille-sommeil chez le rat." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ52154.pdf.
Full textBibene, Victor. "Effets de la vasopressine sur le cycle veille-sommeil chez le rat." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR22007.
Full textWEIBEL, LAURENCE. "Effets de decalages du cycle veille-sommeil sur les rythmes biologiques chez l'homme." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13209.
Full textGharib, Abdallah. "Etude du mécanisme d'action de la S-adénosyl-L-homocystéine dans l'induction du sommeil paradoxal chez le rat." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO10001.
Full textMauvieux, Benoit. "Effets d’un entrainement physique et sportif régulier, chronique ou temporaire, sur les rythmes biologiques du travailleur de nuit." Caen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CAEN2063.
Full textRabat, Arnaud [Alexandre André]. "Effets de nuisances sonores sur le cycle veille-sommeil et sur les performances cognitives : approche expérimentale chez le rat." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22029.
Full textCalvel, Laurent. "L’influence des effets directs, non circadiens de la lumière et de la phototransduction mélanopsinergique sur l’humeur, la veille et le sommeil." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ039/document.
Full textSleep regulations and mood disorders exert strong functional interactions, representing a major public health challenge. Light greatly influences physiology and behavior, including regulation of locomotion,sleep and mood. These non-visual effects are either, indirect through the phase shifting of circadian rhythms or direct. Our goal was to characterize the direct, non-circadian effects of light on behaviorand to assess the contribution of the different photoreceptors involved. To achieve this, melanopsin knockout mice were exposed to different luminance (<10 lux, 150 lux, 600 lux) without changing the phase of circadian rhythm. Our results indicate that light influences mood, locomotion and sleep, with< 10 lux leading to mood and sleep homeostasis alteration. These effects are primarily mediated by melanopsin-based phototransduction. If confirmed in humans, our observations will have applications for the clinical use of light as well as for societal lighting conditions
Cusumano, Paola. "Control of rest-activity rhythms by the morning and the evening oscillators in Drosophila melanogaster." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112277.
Full textDrosophila melanogaster is crepuscular, showing most of its locomotor activity at dawn and dusk. These activity rhythms are controlled by a circadian clock that is located in the brain, and relies on about 70 clock neurons in each hemisphere. Two distinct oscillators control the bimodal activity profile in light-dark (LD) cycles: a subset of ventral Lateral Neurons (four s-LNvs, the LN-MO) that express the Pigment Dispersing Factor (PDF) neuropeptide control the morning anticipation, whereas a subset of three PDF-negative dorsal lateral neurons that express Cryptochrome (CRY) in addition to the 5th PDF-negative s-LNv, which constitute the LN-EO, is sufficient to generate evening anticipation. The brain clock perceives light through CRY and the visual system. We show that the LN-EO is able to drive behavioural rhythmicity under constant light conditions (LL), when CRY function is reduced, whereas the PDF-expressing cells do not. We thus conclude that light perceived by the visual system has opposite effects on the two oscillators: it activates the output of the LN-EO and inhibits the output of the PDF-positive LNs. We found that visual system-mediated entrainment of the LN-EO requires PDF to properly phase the evening activity, whereas CRY-mediated entrainment does not. Flies devoid of both CRY and PDF do not display any evening activity in LD conditions. Molecular analysis of the LN-EO indicated a reversed phase of PER cycling, suggesting that PDF interacts with the visual system inputs to set the molecular phase of the LN-EO. We conclude that flies thus integrate light and PDF information to better define their temporal niche
Baillet, Marion. "Les modifications du sommeil et du cycle veille/sommeil au cours du vieillissement : approche par actimétrie et imagerie cérébrale." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0950/document.
Full textSleep and activity/rest cycle disturbances represent risk factors for the development of cognitive decline and dementia in aging. However, the association between these disturbances and cerebral modifications during aging remains to be explored. The aim of this thesis was to determine if sleep and activity/rest cycle disturbances could constitute a cerebral frailty factor for the development of cognitive decline and dementia in older adults (AMImage cohort). First, we have shown that the discrepancy measured between self-reported sleep questionnaires and actigraphy - used as an objective technique - is influenced by the subject’s mood (Baillet et al., 2016). These results strengthen the use of an objective technique to measure sleep. Thanks to brain imaging, we observed that a reduced 24-h amplitude of the activity/rest cycle is associated with disruption of white matter structural integrity. Our results suggest that cerebral frailty associated with age-related activity/rest cycle dysfunction has a vascular origin (Baillet et al., 2017). Then, we observed that a poor sleep quality is associated with high cerebral amyloid burden, mainly circumscribed to frontal regions. This may be due to a deficit of amyloid-β peptide clearance from the brain during sleep. To conclude, sleep and activity/rest cycle disturbances in older adults may be associated with two separate physiopathological processes leading to cerebral frailty. As sleep and activity/rest cycle are modifiable risk factors, interventions to improve their quality could offer a potential useful strategy for reducing the burden of cognitive impairment and dementia in old age
Dauvilliers, Yves. "Effets de l'hypocrétine, des facteurs génétiques et de l'âge sur les états de veille et de sommeil : apports de la narcolepsie." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON1T014.
Full textBach, Véronique. "Les modifications végétatives au cours du sommeil de l'homme soumis à des contraintes environnementales : application à l'étude de la thermorégulation du nouveau-né." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD544.
Full textBarik, Samir. "Etude fonctionnelle des récepteurs dopaminergiques D3. Comparaison des effets comportementaux de microinjections intracérébrales de ligands dopaminergiques." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2052.
Full textGeorge, Olivier. "Troubles de la mémoire liés au sommeil au cours du vieillissement : mise en évidence d'une pathologie du système cholinergique pontique." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21150.
Full textVery little is known about the origins of mild memory deficits such as age associated memory impairments. It has been suggested that multiple, distinct factors cause these memory declines. Among them, sleep disorders have been frequently proposed to play a major role in light of their high prevalence in the aged population. Taking advantage of a relevant animal model, we investigated the pathophysiological mechanisms of age-related sleep-dependent memory impairments at the behavioral, structural and molecular level. In this study, we demobnstrate that in some age subjects, age-related declarative-like memory impairments are secondary to alterations of the sleep/wake circadian rhythm resulting in a specific fragmentation of slow wave sleep. We show that aged subjects with sleep-dependent memory impairments exhibit a specific degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the pedonculopontine nucleus, a structure involved in the regulation of sleep and cognitive functions. Finally, at the molecular level we demonstrate that two regulation pathway of the PPT, neurosteroidogenesis and transforming growth factor (TGFβ) pathways are also altered. Taken together these results propose that "age-related sleep-dependant memory impairments" is a new class of age-related memory impairments, and they provide a pathophysiological mechanism for these deficits
Arnal, Pierrick. "Contre-mesures préventives à la dégradation des performances et modulation des réponses endocriniennes induites par la privation totale de sommeil." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STET015T.
Full textThe alterations of sleep/wake cycle are frequent in military area. They induce performance degradation and can potentially induced some consequences on health status in the long-term among military personnel. The aim of this thesis work is to assess two countermeasures, the effects of six nights of sleep extension and the effects of 8 weeks of physical training on cognitive performance (sustained attention, inhibition, working memory), sleep pressure, hormonal and inflammatory responses and neuromuscular function during total sleep deprivation and the subsequent period. The main results are that 6 nights of sleep extension limit (i) degradation of cognitive performance (sustained attention and working memory) and physical performance, (ii) involuntary micro-sleeps during total sleep deprivation period. Likewise, the sleep extension induces a decrease of circulating prolactin concentration and an increase of circulating IGF-1 concentration. Results have shown that 8 weeks of physical training limit the degradation of psychomotor performance (i.e. simulated driving) induced by total sleep deprivation without changes in hormonal responses. Thus these kinds of preventives strategies would limit the performance degradation and could be combined with nutritional and/or pharmacological countermeasures