Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cyclage batterie'
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Ahouari, Hania. "Exploration de nouveaux matériaux d'électrodes positives à base de polyanions carboxylates (oxalates, malonates et carbonates) et de métaux de transition." Thesis, Amiens, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AMIE0027/document.
This thesis has focused on the exploration of new compounds based on 3d-metal and carboxylate polyanions (oxalates, malonates and carbonates) prepared through different sustainable synthetic approaches. In the first part, we report a new synthetic route to prepare the iron (III) oxalate compound (Fe2(C2O4)3·4H2O) and solve its crystal structure through combined X-ray and neutron powder diffraction. The compound crystallizes within a triclinic cell (P-1) and exhibits attractive electrochemical properties (98 mAh/g at 3.35 V vs. Li+/Li0). Motivated by this finding we pursued our quest for new positive electrode materials. We prepared by hydrothermal synthesis single crystals of sodium 3d-metal oxalates Na2M2(C2O4)3·2H2O, which are widely investigated in the literature for their magnetic properties. Unfortunately, these phases are electrochemically inactive versus lithium. Thereafter, we extended the synthesis towards the malonate family and we reported for the first time several members (Na2M(H2C3O4)2·nH2O (n= 0, 2), M= Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn et Mg). These systems present rich crystal chemistry together with interesting antiferromagnetic properties but as in the case of the oxalates, they are not electrochemically active versus lithium. Finally, we synthesized two members of fluorocarbonates compounds KMCO3F (M= Ca and Mn) using solid state process. We succeeded in the preparation of the calcium member, already reported in the literature and we identified for the first time a phase transition at 320°C. The crystal structure of the high temperature phase (KCaCO3F-HT) was solved using neutron powder diffraction. A new manganese phase (KMnCO3F) was synthesized using the same technique and its crystal structure was solved by combining TEM, XR and neutrons powder diffraction techniques. This compound crystallizes within a hexagonal unit cell (P -6 c 2)
Desoeurbrun, Célestine. "Etude des relations entre la structure et les performances électrochimiques de matériaux MoS2-Ketjenblack pour les batteries lithium-soufre." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALI100.
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are promising candidates for energy storage. Due to their high theoretical gravimetric and volumetric energy density of 2500 Wh.kg-1 and 2800 Wh.L-1 [1], they have the potential to practically store about 3 times more energy than Li-ion batteries. However, several challenges hinder their commercial development. Among those, the “shuttle-effect” is one of the major drawbacks and consists of a back-and-forth movement between electrodes of the dissolved intermediates polysulfides (Li2Sx, 2 < x < 8) giving rise to low active sulfur utilization, poor coulombic efficiency, and rapid capacity decay.In literature, many strategies have been proposed ranging from protective Li passive layers to electrolyte separator functionalization, and new positive electrode design using efficient polysulfides trapping materials (e.g. porous carbon, metal-organic frameworks, metal-based material such as oxides or hydroxides or even sulfides materials)2. Among them, MoS2 has proven to be a good adsorbent candidate to interact with polysulfide species3.This PhD project is dedicated to the design of supported MoS2-Ketenblack (Mo-KB) for Li-S positive electrode to tackle the “shuttle effect” phenomenon. We aimed to better understand the parameter playing a role on the polysulfide trapping mechanism to design an optimized Mo-KB electrode to i) mitigate polysulfide shuttling, and ii) favor their reduction into Li2S.Samples with MoS2 morphology, Mo loading, slab length variation were synthesized to modify the type and number of actives sites to study the impact on polysulfides interactions, and the resulting impact on the Li-S battery performances.To do so, we setup a new UV-Vis methodology using in situ probe to systematically quantify the polysulfides adsorption onto the developed materials. Indeed, this methodology limits the artefacts due to the setup compared to usual UV-Vis setup using a quartz cuvette and helps to understand the true effect of adsorbents nature (MoS2, MoS2-Ketjenblack, silica) on the adsorption phenomena and how it may modify the chemistry in solution of polysulfides (disproportionation and speciation). Finally, the sulfur impregnated porous Mo-KB powders were subsequently integrated into the formulation of sulfur-positive electrodes within a coin cell battery environment to assess their effectiveness as both PS trap and catalytic surface to convert polysulfides. The electrochemical measurements performed aimed to quantitatively determine whether it would enhance the electrochemical performance (capacity, faradic efficiency, power, cycle life) over time.References1. Seh, Z. W., Sun, Y., Zhang, Q. & Cui, Y. Designing high-energy lithium-sulfur batteries. Chemical Society reviews 45, 5605–5634; 10.1039/c5cs00410a (2016).2. Chen, Y. et al. Advances in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: From Academic Research to Commercial Viability. Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), e2003666; 10.1002/adma.202003666 (2021).3. Liu, Y., Cui, C., Liu, Y., Liu, W. & Wei, J. Application of MoS 2 in the cathode of lithium sulfur batteries. RSC Adv. 10, 7384–7395; 10.1039/C9RA09769D (2020)
Adrien, Brazier. "Premiers pas vers l'observation in situ dans un Microscope Electronique en Transmission d'une batterie en cours de cyclage électrochimique." Phd thesis, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01065908.
Brazier, Adrien. "Premiers pas vers l'observation in situ dans un Microscope Electronique en Transmission d'une batterie en cours de cyclage électronique." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0123.
Li-ion batteries are energy storage devices that are suitable for portable applications and support the need of using intrinsically diffuse/intermittent renewable energy sources. In order to improve such devices and make them safer, it is crucial to understand and characterize in the most accurate way the constitutive materials and their interfaces. To do so the use of powerful tools, like Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), is essential especially since nano-architectured materials have been developed. On this basis our project relates to the in situ study of an electrochemical system under operation within a TEM. The first part of this manuscript is devoted to the strategy of the study. Indeed, the technological issues inherent to both the TEM technique and the battery forced us to make some choices like the use of an all solid-state microbattery. The fabrication process of a microbattery, including the synthesis and the study of each active material, is detailed in the second chapter. The third part describes the solutions suggested to solve some of the technological issues encountered. We thus demonstrated the first ex situ TEM observation of "nanobatteries" obtained by cross-sectioning a microbattery using focus ion beam (FIB) in a dual beam SEM. Then, TEM analyses between pristine, cycled, and faulted all solid-state batteries have revealed drastic changes, damages or deterioration mechanisms, never highlighted previously. Since it was not possible during the previous experiments to achieve an in situ TEM observation of "nanobatteries" cycled within the microscope, we describe in the last chapter all the configuration modifications made. The new design of the samples allowed us to experiment live in situ TEM cycling and to reveal the last challenges that have to be faced
Leveau, Lucie. "Etude de nanofils de silicium comme matériau d'électrode négative de batterie lithium-ion." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2015. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01234963v2/document.
Cazot, Mathilde. "Development of Analytical Techniques for the Investigation of an Organic Redox Flow Battery using a Segmented Cell." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0116.
Redox Flow Batteries (RFBs) are a promising solution for large-scale and low-cost energy storage necessary to foster the use of intermittent renewable sources. This work investigates a novel RFB chemistry under development at the company Kemiwatt. Based on abundant organic/organo-metallic compounds, this new technology promises the deployment of sustainable and long-lived systems. The study undertakes the building of a thorough knowledge base of the system by developing innovative reliable analytical tools. The investigation started from the evaluation of the main factors influencing the battery performance, which could be conducted ex-situ on each material composing the cell. The two electrolytes were then examined independently under representative operating conditions, by building a symmetric flow cell. Cycling coupled with EIS measurements were performed in this set-up and then analyzed with a porous electrode model. This combined modeling-experimental approach revealed unlike limiting processes in each electrolyte along with precautions to take in the subsequent steps (such as membrane pretreatment and electrolyte protection from light). A segmented cell was built and validated to extend the study to the full cell system. It provided a mapping of the internal currents, which showed high irregularity during cycling. A thorough parameter study could be conducted with the segmented platform, by varying successively the current density, the flow rate, and the temperature. The outcome of this set of experiments would be the construction of an operational map that guides the flow rate adjustment, depending on the power load and the state of charge of the battery. This strategy of flow rate optimization showed promising outcomes at the lab-cell level. It can be easily adapted to real-size systems. Ultimately, an overview of the hydrodynamic behavior at the industrial-cell level was completed by developing a hydraulic modeling and a clear cell as an efficient diagnostic tool
Redondo, Iglesias Eduardo. "Étude du vieillissement des batteries lithium-ion dans les applications "véhicule électrique" : combinaison des effets de vieillissement calendaire et de cyclage." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1203/document.
Studying the ageing of batteries is necessary because the degradation of their features largely determines the cost, the performances and the environmental impact of electric vehicles, particularly of full electric vehicles. The chosen method in this thesis is divided in two distinct phases, namely characterisation and modelling. The first phase is based on accelerated ageing testing of battery cells. Despite being accelerated, ageing test campaigns are expensive in terms of workforce and equipments: an a priori knowledge of ageing factors is necessary, either by the means of bibliographic studies or by performing preliminary test campaigns. These initial studies lead to an experimental design setup including a certain number of ageing tests. The obtained results may reveal the influence of use conditions on the degradation of batteries. In the second phase, the battery ageing is modelled applying the knowledge acquired in the first phase. Here, the ageing laws are generalised to predict the performance degradation of a battery subjected to variable use conditions. The resulting ageing model can be used to optimally design and use the battery in a vehicle by minimising both energy and natural resources consumption. Given that battery degradation occurs in a different way if the battery is in rest condition or if a current flows through, a major challenge is to determine how calendar and cycling ageing effects combine together. In electric vehicle applications, batteries are not used (in rest condition) most of the time and current levels are relatively low when they are used. The results from accelerated ageing tests which have been carried out during this thesis confirm the non-linearity of the combination of calendar and cycling ageing when usage profiles are applied to the batteries. The usage profiles are similar to the considered application: the electric vehicle. In the last chapter of this manuscript a simple but effective ageing model is proposed. It lies in a low number of equations (2) and parameters (6) and enables to simulate the capacity fade of a battery cell subjected to ageing conditions combining cycling and rest periods. The application examples prove the usefulness of this model for the development of battery use strategies for the purpose of extending their lifespan
Cazot, Mathilde. "Development of Analytical Techniques for the Investigation of an Organic Redox Flow Battery using a Segmented Cell." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0116.
Redox Flow Batteries (RFBs) are a promising solution for large-scale and low-cost energy storage necessary to foster the use of intermittent renewable sources. This work investigates a novel RFB chemistry under development at the company Kemiwatt. Based on abundant organic/organo-metallic compounds, this new technology promises the deployment of sustainable and long-lived systems. The study undertakes the building of a thorough knowledge base of the system by developing innovative reliable analytical tools. The investigation started from the evaluation of the main factors influencing the battery performance, which could be conducted ex-situ on each material composing the cell. The two electrolytes were then examined independently under representative operating conditions, by building a symmetric flow cell. Cycling coupled with EIS measurements were performed in this set-up and then analyzed with a porous electrode model. This combined modeling-experimental approach revealed unlike limiting processes in each electrolyte along with precautions to take in the subsequent steps (such as membrane pretreatment and electrolyte protection from light). A segmented cell was built and validated to extend the study to the full cell system. It provided a mapping of the internal currents, which showed high irregularity during cycling. A thorough parameter study could be conducted with the segmented platform, by varying successively the current density, the flow rate, and the temperature. The outcome of this set of experiments would be the construction of an operational map that guides the flow rate adjustment, depending on the power load and the state of charge of the battery. This strategy of flow rate optimization showed promising outcomes at the lab-cell level. It can be easily adapted to real-size systems. Ultimately, an overview of the hydrodynamic behavior at the industrial-cell level was completed by developing a hydraulic modeling and a clear cell as an efficient diagnostic tool
Nugues, Samuel. "Mesure de l'état de charge d'une batterie par coulométrie corrigée par impédancemétrie." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0144.
Bodenes, Lucille. "Etude du vieillissement de batteries lithium-ion fonctionnant à haute température par Spectroscopie Photoélectronique à rayonnement X (XPS)." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3050/document.
Nowadays, lithium-ion batteries occupy a prominent place in the field of energy storage. Phenomena involved in their aging mechanisms are quite well known for operating temperatures close to room temperature. However, their use at high temperatures for applications such as oil drilling, "in situ" sterilization or freight tracking requires some technical issues to be improved: stability of the electrolyte and electrode binders, compatibility electrolyte / separator, aging of active materials and changes of the interfaces. The batteries selected for this thesis consist of a Li(Ni,Mn,Co)O2 lamellar material at the positive electrode and graphite at the negative electrode. To describe aging phenomena related to high temperature, surface analyzes were carried out by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy on the electrodes of batteries cycled at 85 and 120°C. These analyzes reveal the degradation of the positive electrode’s binder, and the changes of electrodes/electrolyte’s interfaces at high temperature compared to ambient temperature
Tournadre, Frédéric. "Caractérisation du mécanisme de la réaction d'échange P2-Na0.70CoO2->O2-LiCoO2 et du système métastable T#2-Li2/3Co2/3Mn1/3O2 comme matériau d'électrode positive dans les batteries au lithium." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007233.
Al, jed Habib. "Influence de la recharge rapide sur les performances des accumulateurs lithium des véhicules électriques dans le cadre de l'utilisation postale." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0290/document.
This thesis aims to study the influence of fast charging on the aging of lithium batteries, and its impact on the performances of electric vehicles as part of a postal use. The first part is devoted to the modeling of lithium batteries with an equivalent electric circuit model, whose parameters could be identified using linear characterization tests. The second part is dedicated to the study of aging, and results in an aging estimator using data collected from accelerated aging tests programs. Then the postal usage is studied, and a power profile representative of the actual load on the battery is provided. The latter was used to validate the model of the battery in the field of postal use. Then the postal use is studied, and a current profile representative of the real behavior of the battery is provided. This profile was used to validate the model of the battery in the postal use domain. Then a model of electric vehicles is presented, it integrates the battery model, which can simulates the aging state of the battery using the ageing estimator. Finally, the various possible strategies of recharge are listed and compared, which leads to conclusions about their influences on aging of batteries, and the vehicles performance
Yassine, Hassan. "Etude par la spectroscopie d'impédance et le bruit des propriétés électrochimiques de piles Lithium-ion." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Littoral, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023DUNK0689.
In this work, we propose to study commercial Lithium-ion coin cells, known as rechargeable Li-ion cells, which are the elementary cells of a Lithium battery. Li-ion batteries are made up of various organic and inorganic multilayer materials, including 2 electrodes, cathode and anode, between which lithium ions circulate during charging and discharging. As a result,the ageing of Li-ion batteries and having a maximum number of charge/discharge cycleslimit their lifespan. The Li-ion batteries studied, type CR2032, with a capacity of 45 mAh, have a maximum number of 400 cycles to maintain a capacity of 36 mAh. The aim of this thesis is to study the ageing of Li-ion button cells using two characterization techniques : electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical noise (ECN). The ageing methodology consists of two clearly differentiated studies : cycling ageing and calendar ageing (= ageing over time). For ageing by cycling, successive charge and discharge cycles of different durations, from 20 h (C/20) to 20 min (3C), were carried out.We then carry out complex electrochemical impedanceand electrochemical noise measurements over a wide frequency range, from mHz to MHz, as well as capacity and voltage measurements. These measurements enable us to determine differential capacity dQ/dV and differential voltages dV/dQ. With ageing by cycling, an increase in polarization resistance and loss of capacity are observed, as well as an increase in noise level.All these measurements enabled us to attribute the cycling ageing of a Li-ion battery to the loss of cycling lithiums and active materials at the cathode. The second ageing study involved calendar ageing, without applied voltage, by taking impedance and electrochemical noise measurements every 60 days to monitor the evolution of impedance, capacity, voltage and noise levels. The aging observed after 21 months is partly restored by a slow discharge/charge cycle at C/20. However, the Li-ion battery continues to age, as a result of irreversible loss of active material at the cathode
Chancelier, Léa. "Développement de solutions innovantes d'électrolytes pour sécuriser les accumulateurs lithium-ion." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10208/document.
Lithium-ion batteries are dominating both the nomad device and electric vehicle markets. However they raise safety concerns related to their electrolyte, which consists of flammable and volatile carbonate mixtures and toxic salts. The replacement of the latter by ionic liquids (IL), liquid salts claimed to be thermally stable and non-flammable, could provide a safer alternative. Yet this often claimed feature has been poorly examined by experiments. The work of this thesis investigates IL behaviour under abuse conditions such as overheating, fire or overcharge. Decomposition temperatures of IL based on differently substituted imidazolium or pyrrolidinium cations and the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A critical study of gathered data (from literature and our work) led to the determination of an optimised procedure to obtain reproducible and comparable results. Electrolytes based on carbonates mixtures or IL and containing lithium salt were studied by dynamic and isothermal TGA, and their decomposition products were identified. Their combustion behaviour was also tested by measuring heats of combustion and ignition delays. Emitted gases were analysed and quantified. Electrochemical cycling tests were carried out with these electrolytes in lithium-ion systems based on Li4Ti5O12 and LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 electrodes. The evolution of the electrolytes and electrodes surface was also examined under overcharge
El, Brouji El Hassane. "Prise en compte du vieillissement dans la modélisation des supercondensateurs." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13947/document.
Abstract
EDDAHECH, Akram. "Modélisation du vieillissement et détermination de l'état de santé de batteries lithium-ion pour application véhicule électrique et hybride." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957678.
Portalis, Guillaume. "Compréhension des phénomènes de « cross-talking » au sein des accumulateurs Li-ion." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS001.
Many different degradation mechanisms can occur during the ageing of Li-ion batteries. Among them, a particular phenomenon takes place within the LiFePO4 (LFP)/graphite system during battery cycling operation, namely the “cross-talking”. The LFP material dissolves and the Fe2+ species migrate toward the graphite electrode and then reduce to form iron deposits in its protective layer (SEI). This poisoning entails a linear storage capacity fading during cycling and therefore reduces the life of the battery.The methodology used in this work bears on accelerated ageing tests carried on LFP/graphite coin cells and also relies on the characterization of the electrodes materials and the electrochemical processes thanks to a non-destructive technique, namely the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). This approach is a preliminary step in the study of aging because it is necessary to understand the mechanisms at stake at each electrode.As a first step, several studies have been carried out in order to attribute the obtained EIS signals for each electrode material to their physico-chemical properties. In a second part, the performance and properties of accumulators during cycling were investigated. Thanks to the studies previously carried out by EIS, we were able to characterize the deterioration of the properties of the graphite electrode and its SEI due to the cross-talking from the early stage of the battery cycling. We have also shown that this phenomenon is thermally activated with greater degradation following high-temperature cycling
Eddahech, Akram. "Modélisation du vieillissement et détermination de l’état de santé de batteries lithium-ion pour application véhicule électrique et hybride." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14992/document.
In this thesis, we focus on the reliability of lithium batteries used for automotive applications. For this purpose, electric and thermal characterization methodologies as well as aging tests under several modes (calendar, power cycling, calendar/power cycling) are carried out.In a first part of the work, battery modeling and battery state estimation (state-of-charge and state-of-health) are considered.Then, based on periodic characterization from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, calendar aging is investigated. Next, we proposed an original process for precise battery state-of-health determination that exploits a full recharge and mainly constant-voltage charge step which allows easily its integration within a battery management system. Our experimental results, up to two years real-life data, confirm effectiveness of our technique.Finally, we study the capacity recovery phenomenon occurring due to combined battery aging (calendar/power cycling). This final part is almost dedicated to introduce strategies for battery use presenting at the same time a thermal behavior study
Tarhouchi, Ilyas. "Etude des phases Li10MP2S12 (M=Sn, Si) comme électrolyte pour batteries tout-solide massives." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0220/document.
By replacing the liquid electrolyte by a solid one, solid state batteries are oftenconsidered as a solution to safety issues in current Li-ion batteries. The recentdiscovery of Li10GeP2S12 with so-called LGPS structure, which exhibits an ionicconductivity equivalent to that of liquid electrolytes, has boosted related researchactivities.In this perspective, we studied the Li10MP2S12 (M=Sn, Si) materials with LGPSstructure, using various methods to characterize the structure (XRD, 31P NMR,Mössbauer spectroscopy …), the ionic mobility/conductivity (7Li NMR, Impedancespectroscopy), and the electrochemical properties (cycling voltammetry,galvanostatic cycling) of the material.Commercially available Li10SnP2S12 batches contain impurities and there remains anambiguity in the actual composition of the LGPS type phase. Modelling of the 31PNMR shifts reveals the effect of lithium in neighboring octahedral sites. Impedencemeasurements suggest reactivity with Li metal, and cyclic voltammetry confirms thatthe material is highly unstable at low potential, which excludes its use as a simpleelectrolyte in solid state batteries. We propose that it might be used both as anelectrolyte and as a negative electrode.The preliminary study on silicon based materials highlights difficulties in obtaining apure LGPS-type compound and questions the real nature of the so-calledthio-LiSICON structural model. Besides, it also shows the instability of thesematerials versus lithium metal
Yudhistira, Ryutaka. "Comparative life cycle assessment of different lithium-ion battery chemistries and lead-acid batteries for grid storage application." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300116.
Med den snabba ökningen av förnybar energi i elnäten, fortsätter behovet av energilagring att växa. En av de tekniker som växer intresse för energilagring på nyttan är litiumjon batteriets energilagringssystem. Emellertid, deras miljöpåverkan ifrågasätts oundvikligen mot blysyrabatteri lagringssystem. Därför syftar denna studie till att göra en komparativ livscykelanalys (LCA) för att komparera miljöpåverkan av att använda litiumjonbatterier och blybatterier för stationära applikationer, särskilt för nätlagring. I denna forskning genomfördes en vagga-till-grav-LCA (eller cradle-to-grave i engelska) för tre litiumjonbatterikemi (litium järn fosfat, nickel kobolt mangan, och nickel cobalt aluminium). Effektkategorier anpassades till miljökonsekvensbedömning metoden som beskrivs av Europeiska kommissionen. Det användningsfall scenariot för batterierna var standby läget, där batterierna leverera 4800 kWh elektrisk energi för 20 år. Följaktligen den funktionella unit är i ‘per kWh levererad energi’. Blysyrabatteriet hade följande ungefärliga miljöpåverkansvärden (i per kWh levererad energi): 2 kg CO2-eq. för climate change, 33 MJ för fossil resource use, 0.02 mol H+-eq. för acidification, 10-7 disease incidence för particulate emission, and 8x10-4 kg Sb-eq. för minerals resource use. Tillbaka till litiumjonbatterierna, för climate change och fossil resource use resursanvändnings kategorier, den bäst presterande var litiumjonbatteriet nickel kobolt aluminium (NCA). Det hade 46% och 45% mindre påverkan än blysyrabatteriet för respektive kategori. Å andra sidan, var nickel mangan kobolt (NMC) bäst för acidifcation och particulate emission kategorier. De är 65% och 51% bättre än blysyra för kategorierna. Slutligen, litium järn fosfat batteriet (LFP) är det bäst presterande för resource use of minerals and metals kategoriet, vilket det är 94% mindre än blysyra. Avslutningsvis, det livscykelstadier som var bestämt att ha det största bidraget för de flesta av påverkningskategorierna är användningsstadiet, som sedan blir föremål för en känslighetsanalys. I slutändan, litiumjonbatterierna ha mindre miljöpåverkan än blybatterier i detta projekt, för de observerade slagkategorierna. Resultaten av denna avhandling kan sedan användas som referens för att avgöra om bly-syrabatterier ska ersättas med litiumjonbatterier för energilagring ur ett miljöeffektperspektiv.
Sadoun, Redha. "Intérêt d’une Source d’Energie Electrique Hybride pour véhicule électrique urbain – dimensionnement et tests de cyclage." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0009/document.
Currently, the main embedded storage system supplying the electric vehicles is composed of Li-ion batteries. This thesis is one of the common themes of work that ESTACA leads in collaboration with L2EP. The objective of this work is to study the interest of a hybrid source composed of Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors to supply an urban electric.Firstly, an energy management strategy based on deterministic rules is developed to control the power between the battery and supercapacitor. To demonstrate the combination utility, different Li-ion battery technologies (Li-ion high power, high-Li-ion energy) are used on the sizing step. Through this study, we could propose an optimal solution (masses, volumes, costs...) consisting of battery and supercapacitor. In the second part, we have followed the evolution of capacity and the internal resistance losses of high power and high energy batteries type in, respectively, single-source and hybrid configurations. For this study, a test bench, developed for cycling and characterization of storage systems, was used. The results obtained provide the opportunity to choose Li-ion battery technology that could be the most interesting for the supply of electric vehicles
Bandla, Venkat Nehru. "Modeling the internal inhomogeneous aging behavior in large-format commercial Li-ion batteries." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0027/document.
Li-ion batteries (LIB) are used as energy storage devices in automobile, mobile and stationary applications. However their lifetime issue is a primary concern resulting in a decreased performance. Li-ion batteries exhibit non-uniform behavior that results in incomplete utilization of the cell energy and non-uniform aging. Thus the objective of this work is to identify the factors influencing the inhomogeneous behavior and to study their effect on aging. A combined modeling and experimental approach is adopted in this work. In the experimental work, a setup is developed that surrogates the thermal and potential gradients occurring in commercial LIB. This setup is used to perform long-term accelerated cycling tests and inhomogeneous aging behavior is assessed. Several characterization tests are performed during and after the completion of the cycling. In the modeling part, multiphysics models describing the electrochemical, electrical and thermal behavior of LIB are developed. These models are appropriately coupled integrated with an aging component to represent the experimental setup behavior. Two main degradation phenomena, namely SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interface) formation and positive electrode active material have been identified experimentally and modelled. The latter is uniform whereas the former is influenced by temperature. Based on this, thermal dispersion impact on the inhomogeneity is greater than potential dispersion
Braconi, Dario. "Green two-wheeled mobility : Material Hygiene and life cycle analysis of anelectric scooter." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-157045.
Negli ultimi anni i veicoli elettrici sono emersi come un ’alternativa sostenibile ai veicoli tradizionali. L’introduzione di un gruppo propulsore elettrico permette emissioni inquinanti più basse ma comporta anche l’introduzione di nuovi materiali nel ciclo di vita del prodotto, e.g., le terre rare e il litio contenuti rispettivamente nel motore e nelle batterie. Questi materiali hanno un impatto ambientale e hanno bisogno di essere trattati correttamente. Lo scopo di questa tesi è di avere una comprensione quantitativa del bilancio dal punto di vista ambientale legato al l’adozione di sistema di propulsione elettrico. Inoltre, è indagato come questo bilanco possa essere influenzato migliorando il ricic laggio e la gestione dell’ultima fase di vita del prodotto. Nello specifico, in questa tesi, uno scooter elettrico è stato scelto come caso di studio. Lo scopo è di comparare questo scooter con uno tradizionale considerando il ciclo di vita del prodotto. Il mezzo di trasporto a due ruote è stato scelto perché considerato più semplice da modellare in quanto privo di componenti non inerenti al trasporto (es. aria condizionata, hi-fi, etc.). Questo report anzitutto include una definizione del caso di studio, questa sezione presenta anche una descrizione delle principali tecnologie coinvolte nel prodotto studiato. In questa parte del lavoro è anche riportato il risultato di interviste a rottamatori di scooter per illustrare l’attuale iter di rottamazione di uno scooter. La parte centrale della tesi tratta i differenti scenari di riciclaggio. Sfruttando la mentalità Material Hygiene vengono proposte un’analisi qualitativa e differenti scenari di rici claggio. Gli scenari di riciclaggio coinvologono il progettista a livelli differenti. Questi scenari riguardano i componenti del sistema di propulsione elettrico. Essi sono principalmente il motore elettrico e le batterie al litio. L’ultima parte dell’analisi riguarda il Life Cycle Assessment di uno scooter elettrico al fine di dare un significato quantitativo al confronto tra i cicli di vita delle due alternative. Inoltre, il life cycle assessment ha lo scopo di verificare e quantificare i benefici di impatto ambientale collegati all’adozione degli scenari di riciclaggio proposti. Per svolgere il Life Cycle Assessment è stato usato un sofware, SimaPro 7.3. Questo software permette all’utente di inserire l’elenco dei materiali di un prodotto e di associare a ciascun materiale il proprio impatto ambientale. Il software ha a disposizione per la modellazione i database di impatto ambientale EcoInvent 2.2. Parole chiave: scooter elettrico, batteria al litio, magnete permanente, neodimio, Material Hygiene, Design for Disassembly, Life Cycle Assessment, LCA
Bi, Xuanxuan. "Investigating the factors for the low cycle life of sodium oxygen batteries." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1419690198.
Carlén, Camilla, and Ulrica Sandgathe. "Ackumulatorer som räddar liv : En livscykelkostnadsanalys om UPS som nödkraftkälla." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-63802.
The SOLAS regulations for merchant vessels states that in the event of loss of power, a backup power supply will start automatically. This paper investigated the possibility to replace the widely-used generator driven by a fossil-fuel powered internal combustion engine, with a UPS. Focus of the investigation included regulations concerning the use of accumulators onboard, market product range fulfilling the legal requirements and price difference based on purchase price and maintenance costs for 25 years. The cost results where compared as a Life Cycle Cost calculation. Regulations by the Swedish transport agency and the Classification DNV-GL allow the use of emergency power from accumulators or generator. For the possibility to investigate through cost estimations, a theoretical model of a merchant vessel with Swedish flag, was set up. All companies contacted were Swedish manufacturer. The results in the LCC show the situation of today and lets us know that the most cost efficient investment is the conventional emergency generator.
OU, DONGYI. "State of the art of Life Cycle Inventory data for electric vehicle batteries." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-219480.
Radhakrishnan, Karthik Narayanan. "Evaluation of the Cycle Profile Effect on the Degradation of Commercial Lithium Ion Batteries." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84420.
Ph. D.
Major vehicle manufacturers are committed to expand their electrified vehicle fleet in upcoming years to meet fuel efficiency goals. Understanding the effect of the charge/discharge cycle profiles on battery durability is important to the implementation of batteries in electrified vehicles and to the design of appropriate battery testing protocols. In this work, commercial lithium ion cells were tested using two profiles with the same energy transfer; a pulse-heavy profile to simulate on-road conditions for a typical hybrid electric vehicle, and a simplified square-wave profile with the same charge flow as the pulse-heavy profile, but with lower currents. Cycling tests on coin cells with similar electrode chemistries as well as development of a first principles, physics based model were done in order to understand the underlying cause of the degradation. The results suggest that the degradation observed is not dependent on the type of profile used. These results also indicate that for high power cells, the capacity degradation associated with the charge-sustaining mode of operation can be studied with relatively simple approximations of complex drive cycles.
Stefan, Claudia-Simona. "Etude de la sécurité des batteries lithium-ion et de leurs performances à chaud, par utilisation de liquides ioniques." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR4039.
This work is dedicated to a series of ionic liquid (Pxy-TFSI), composed of a voluminous organic cation of pyrrolidinium type (Pxy+) substituted by 2 alkyl chains and of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide as anion (TFSI). Our aim is to investigate their potential use as electrolyte or electrolyte components in Li-ion batteries. Ionic liquids (IL) like (Pxy-TFSI) allow to considerably increase the safety of Lithium-ion accumulators without notable performance loss in terms of capacity or power. Pure ILs should be used as electrolyte in high temperature Li-ion batteries (50 to 150°C. As for mixtures consisting of an IL and a classic electrolyte (reference electrolyte) and composed of a mixture of alkylcarbonates and of a lithium salt (PC/EC/3DMC+LiPF6IM+VC1%), they could find applications in high capacity accumulator batteries in the electric vehicle field. Pure ILs have a negligible vapor pressure and a very high thermal stability, without mass loss under 300°C. They are not flammable and when they are mixed to flammable organic solvents (reference electrolyte), they make the electrolyte globally self-extinguishable when they represent 20 to 30% of the electrolyte mass content, non flammable when their content is above 30%. First, we studied transport properties of Pxy-TFSI such as ionic conductivity, dynamic viscosity and self-diffusion coefficients of cations (Li+ and Pxy+). Obtained results show that these ionic liquids present a high viscosity and a relatively weak conductivity at ordinary temperature. However, these properties can be largely improved by raising the temperature (from 50 to 90°C). A modelization of viscosity and conductivity can be obtained by applying the VTF theory and Angell's fragility theory. As the latter theory argue, the Pxy-TFSI IL are fragile, which makes them usable in electrochemical applications at temperatures higher than the ambient temperature. The conductivity and the viscosity of mixtures containing 20 to 30% Pxy-TFSI are concerned, they do not differ much from those of the reference electrolyte under similar temperature conditions. The width of the electrochemical window of pure Pxy-TFSI is 5,84V vs Li+/Li, which is enough for the use of high potential positive electrodes like LiCoO2. The electrochemical window is even larger than that of the reference electrolyte. The fact that electrodes get soaked in pure IL or in a mixture of IL and reference electrolyte constitutes no obstacle to their practical use. But separators cannot get almost totally soaked unless using the Séparion separators made of PET matrix covered in Al2O3/SiO2 particles, instead of Celgard polyolefine separators. An electrolyte must also be able to dissolve generated gases (especially CO2) whilst the accumulator is working. The solutibility of CO2 is improved when Pxy-TFSI ILs are added. The Pxy-TFSI ILs used in half-accumulators with Li4Ti5O12 and LixCoO2 graphite electrodes present a good cyclability at 90°C. The best cycling results are obtained when the reference electrolyte is mixed with Pxy-TFSI containing 20 to 30% IL at ambiant temperature. Thus, the ILs can be used in high temperature Li-ion application as well as in high capacity batteries used under normal temperature conditions
Perrin, Marion. "Contribution à l'amélioration des batteries au plomb fermées pour l'application au véhicule électrique." Nancy 1, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2001_0185_PERRIN.pdf.
Dang, Thanh Thuy Van. "Méthodes pour l'analyse de cycle de vie des batteries lithium-ion des véhicules électriques." Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0051.
A framework enabling an application of Life Cycle Assessment approach to various technologies of Lithium-ion Electric Vehicles batteries is created. It encompasses all the life cycle of the product (Manufacturing – Use – End of Life). More precisely, a specific LCA database for Li-ion batteries is constructed and batteries life cycle is successfully modeled. Others difficulties are discussed and solved during this works, such as the choice of batteries functional unit, system modularity, uncertainties of the Use phase and of batteries' lifetime, allocation rules for batteries End of Life… A sensibility analysis is carried out and shows that LCA results strongly depend on chosen data and scenarios. Main conclusions obtained from the base case of our studies are: - Climate change potential of a battery is about 10 - 15 kg CO2 éq/kg of batteries. This amount takes into account the manufacturing and the end of life. Others environmental impacts are also quantified (regional impacts such as acidification, eutrophisation; human toxicity and ecotoxicity…). - Batteries LCA results are sensitive regarding to the choice of its materials, of the manufacturing processes and of the geographic parameters. - Materials recovery during the End of Life phase leads to environmental benefit for the global impacts of the batteries. However, it depends on the recycling process (pyrometallurgical and/or hydrometallurgical), as well as on the nature of recovered materials. - Batteries leasing scenario can help minimizing environmental impacts of Electric Vehicles park. In order to facilitate eco-conception of Li-ion batteries, a simplified LCA model is created, which reduces times and costs of future LCA studies while ensuring the same accuracy
Sadoun, Redha. "Intérêt d'une Source d'Energie Electrique Hybride pour véhicule électrique urbain - dimensionnement et tests de cyclage." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00980484.
Mesbahi, Tedjani. "Influence des stratégies de gestion d’une source hybride de véhicule électrique sur son dimensionnement et sa durée de vie par intégration d’un modèle multi-physique." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECLI0004/document.
This thesis contributes to the improvement of hybrid embedded source performances supplies an electric vehicle. The studied solution is composed of Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors hybridization, with an aim to achieve improved performances in terms of weight and lifetime over traditional solutions. Our main goal is to take the best advantage of new energy management strategies of the hybrid embedded source and quantify obtained improvements. A multi-physic model including electric, thermal and aging behaviors is developed and integrated into the algorithm of energy management in order to evaluate the gradual degradation of storage components performances during driving cycles and implemented control strategy. New energy management strategies intended to act on the lifetime of hybrid embedded source have been evaluated. Their impact on the performances of the source in terms of weight, cost and lifetime has been quantified and clearly shows that it is possible to make better use of hybrid embedded source thanks to a good power sharing, thus opening the way to new approaches of energy management for these systems
Thieme, Sören, Jan Brückner, Andreas Meier, Ingolf Bauer, Katharina Gruber, Jörg Kaspar, Alexandra Helmer, Holger Althues, Martin Schmuck, and Stefan Kaskel. "A lithium–sulfur full cell with ultralong cycle life: influence of cathode structure and polysulfide additive." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36251.
Brissot, Claire. "Etude des mécanismes de croissance d'agrégats dendritiques produits au cours des cyclages dans les batteries au lithium à électrolyte polymère." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPXX0061.
Brissaud, Christine. "Etude morphologique et structurale des mécanismes de dégradation des batteries plomb/acide A recombinaison de gaz lors des tests de cyclage et de surchage." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10156.
Wikland, Love. "Early-Stage Prediction of Lithium-Ion Battery Cycle Life Using Gaussian Process Regression." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-273619.
Datadriven prediktion av batterihälsa har fått ökad uppmärksamhet under de senaste åren, både inom akademin och industrin. Precisa prediktioner i tidigt stadium av batteriprestanda skulle kunna skapa nya möjligheter för produktion och användning. Genom att använda data från endast de första 100 cyklerna, i en datamängd med 124 celler där livslängden sträcker sig mellan 150 och 2300 cykler, kombinerar denna uppsats parametriska linjära modeller med ickeparametrisk Gaussisk processregression för att uppnå livstidsprediktioner med en genomsnittlig noggrannhet om 8.8% fel. Studien utgör ett relevant bidrag till den aktuella forskningen eftersom den använda kombinationen av metoder inte tidigare utnyttjats för regression av batterilivslängd med ett högdimensionellt variabelrum. Studien och de erhållna resultaten visar att regression med hjälp av Gaussiska processer kan bidra i framtida datadrivna implementeringar av prediktion för batterihälsa.
Schropp, Elke [Verfasser]. "Life Cycle Assessment of an Average German Battery Electric Vehicle / Elke Schropp." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2020. http://d-nb.info/121947617X/34.
Kremer, François. "Amélioration de l’opérabilité des centrales électriques par l’intégration d’un système de stockage d’énergie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0051.
The storage of electrical energy is now booming as it seems to be one of the necessary conditions to support the development of intermittent renewable energies in electrical networks. It competes, among other things, with historical sources of flexibility such as pumping stations or gas-fired power plants. The work of this thesis consists in the hybridization of two sources, namely the storage of energy in electrical form (lithium-ion battery) and a combined cycle (gas-steam cogeneration plant), in order to improve the stability of the networks and the operability of the plant. The main objectives are to specify the system specifications (functions, storage technology, pre-sizing), to create a configurable lithium-ion battery model based on the manufacturer's data and to define the control strategy for the hybrid. The pre-sizing methodology draws on both the similar work done by Gauthier Delille and the experience of General Electric, a manufacturer of combined cycles, to guide these systems towards suitable solutions. During the detailed dimensioning phase, the work led to the creation of a "system-oriented" lithium-ion battery model that can be implemented in GE's real-time software. This model, validated by tests in the GREEN laboratory, achieves a correct accuracy of about 95% (on cell voltage and energy). Finally, the energy management of this hybrid system is achieved by integrating a new controller in the power plant that provides instructions to the storage systems by processing both the internal data of the power plant and the data measured at the storage terminals. The choice was oriented towards simple commands (droop, PI, etc.) coupled with a fuzzy logic algorithm. This was configured using genetic optimization on data from an existing power plant. Despite several encouraging contacts with potential customers who showed interest in such a system, no prototype could be built
Baioli, Filippo. "Life cycle assessment comparativa di processi di estrazione di poliidrossialcanoati da colture batteriche." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8441/.
Tran, Nicolas. "Etude des phases Li1+x(Ni0.425Mn0.425Co0.15)1-xO2 en tant que matériaux d'électrode positive pour batteries lithium-ion." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00142944.
Takezawa, Hideharu. "Study on amorphous SiOχ film anode prepared by reactive evaporation for lithium-ion batteries." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/227630.
Rossouw, Claire Angela. "The accelerated life cycle testing and modelling of Li-ion cells used in electric vehicle applications." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012709.
Damström, Julia. "Life cycle cost analysis of lithium ion batteries using different charging strategies: case study Stockholm Arlanda airport." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-246907.
För a nå bentliga klimatmål måste transportsektorn ställas om. E alternativ är a använda el som bränsle. En positiv trend är a andelen elbilar ökar, mycket tack vare a baeripriserna minskar. E baeri som vanligtvis används i elbilar är litiumjonbaeriet (LIB), vars pris har minskat och förväntas fortsäa a minska. E användbart verktyg för a undersöka kostnader är livscykelkostnadsanalys (LCC-analys). E mål med dea examensarbete är a genomföra en systematisk lieraturstudie om vilken bentlig forskning som nns om litiumjonbaerier och LCC-analyser. Lieraturstudien visar a den bentliga forskningen som undersöktes i denna studie huvudsakligen fokuserar på litiumjonbaerier och livscykelanalyser. Fokuset på LCC och analyser av kostnader gällande LIB var lågt. Huvudmålet med dea projekt är a undersöka olika laddningsstrategiers påverkan på litiumjonbaeriers livslängd utifrån e LCC-perspektiv under en 20-årsperiod. De undersökta laddningsstrategierna är långsamladdning, snabbladdning och induktions-laddning. Beroende på hur baeriet laddas; vilken laddström som nns och vilka gränser som nns för laddningen (SOC-gränser), kan olika livslängder erhållas. LCC-analysen inkluderar och diskuterar investeringskostnaden, förebyggande underhållskostnader, underhållskostnader i korrigerande sye och restvärdet.Åldringen av litiumjonbaeriet undersöks med hjälp av e baeri som tillhandahålls av Simulink / MATLAB. Bae-rimodellen och LCC-analysen appliceras på en postbil på Arlanda ygplats och använder därför indata från postbilen till a bestämma urladdningsmönster. Resultaten från Simulink-modellen visar a olika laddningsstrategier ger olika livslängder för samma LIB. Resultaten visar också a livslängden för e LIB påverkas av laddningsströmmen och SOC-gränserna. Den strategi som ger längst livstid är induktionsladdning som ger en livslängd på 9.4 år vid en omgivningstemperatur på 2020oC. Den laddstrategi som ger kortast livslängd är snabbladdning, där livslängden för e LIB är 7.7 år. Livslängden hos baeriet påverkar hur många baerier som behöver köpas under den undersökta 20-årsperioden, vilket påverkar LCC-analysen. A bestämma vilken laddningsstrategi som ger de bästa resultaten när det gäller livstid, urladdad energi och LCC är emellertid inte trivialt. Dea beror på a de kostnaden för förebyggande underhåll och restvärdet för e LIB inte är kända i dea projekt. Men baserat på livslängden och den totala mängden urladdad energi, dras slutsatsen a strategin med indukti m det innebär det högsta antalet arbetscykler under den längsta tiden.
Martinez, Pancorbo Pablo. "Cradle-to-gate life-cycle assessment of future materials for commercial lithium-ion batteries : Raw Materials issues." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-27987.
I presented my work via Skype while sharing the screen.
yang, fan. "TECHNOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY OF BATTERY-POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLES." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1586168947699415.
Trad, Khiem. "Etude de nouveaux matériaux phosphates de lithium et d'élément de transition comme électrode positive pour batteries LI-ION." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00563877.
Pilipili, Matadi Bramy. "Etude des mécanismes de vieillissement des batteries Li-ion en cyclage à basse température et en stockage à haute température : compréhension des origines et modélisation du vieillissement." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI118/document.
In order to deepen the understanding of the aging mechanisms of Li-ion batteries, post-mortem investigations were performed on C/NMC Li-ion commercial cells. These autopsies revealed unexpected degradations that question current knowledge about the aging mechanisms of these cells. Thus, it appears that the parasitic reaction of Li metal depositions on the graphite electrode, nowadays associated in the literature with charging at low temperature and / or high C-rates, would have various origins depending on the chemistry and conditions of use of the battery. In this thesis work, local Li deposits were observed on cells aged in calendar at high temperatures, due to the apparition of dry areas. Paradoxically, under low temperature cycling conditions, this Li resulted from anode porosity hindrance. Besides, a semi-empirical aging model, taking into account cycling losses as well as those caused by the SEI growth and the biphenyl polymerization, is proposed. Finally, a method of identifying degradation modes using incremental capacity measurements has been undertaken, based on the potential shifts of each of the electrodes
Abbes, Dhaker. "Contribution au dimensionnement et à l'optimisation des systèmes hybrides éoliens-photovoltaïques avec batteries pour l'habitat résidentiel autonome." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2254/document.
This thesis is a contribution to the study of photovoltaic-wind-battery hybrid systems for several aspects: source evaluation, modeling and simulation, design optimization and finally control and supervision. Thus, an impact study on the evaluation of renewable energy potential at a given site taking into account consumption in residential housing (period and method of data acquisition, evaluation techniques...) is presented. In addition, all the components of the system are modeled and economic and ecological aspects are defined in order to make an overall assessment of various system configurations. All models are represented using Matlab/Simulink tool. Then, a methodology for single and multi-objective design optimization of a multi-source system is developed to minimize system Life Cycle Cost (LCC), Embodied Energy (EE) and Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP). A "practice solution" is thus retained and evaluated. Results show a low environmental impact and a reasonable economic cost as well as a satisfaction of the load within the limits tolerated by the user. Besides, a very convincing comparison of the developed sizing method to an existing commercial tool is presented. At the end, an experimental PV-wind-battery tested is developed in laboratory to ensure a quasi-realistic emulation of hybrid system behavior for different configurations. Accordingly, a new supervision strategy based on currents control and battery state of charge estimation is successfully validated
Salman, Omer, and Yanbin Chen. "Comparative Environmental Analysis of Conventional and Hybrid Wheel Loader Technologies : A Life Cycle Perspective." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-120004.
Volvo Construction Equipment undersöker potentialen av hybrid hjullastare. För att avgöra om ett hybrid hjullastare koncept har fördelar ur miljösynpunkt jämfört med en G-serien Volvo hjullastare har en jämförande livscykelanalys (LCA) utförts på Volvo L150G hjullastare och ett hybrid hjullastarkoncept. De kompletta maskinerna har studerats under hela deras livscykel: utvinning av råmaterial, materialbearbetning, tillverkningsprocesser, transport, användningsfas och slutet av skrotningsfasen. För att kvantitativt kunna bedöma miljökonsekvenserna av alla livscykelnskeden har fem olika miljöindikatorer använts: global uppvärmningspotential, abiotiska resursutarmningspotential, försurningspotential, övergödningspotential och ozonnedbrytingspotential. En känslighetsanalys och två viktningsmetoder har tillämpats för att tolka resultaten. Resultaten visar att ett hybrid hjullastarkoncept minskar miljöpåverkan avsevärt jämfört med en konventionell L150G, förutom påverkan från kategorin resursutarmningspotential. Dessutom har användningsprocessen i särklass störst påverkan inom livscykeln för de flesta effekt kategorier (90% av den totala livscykelpåverkan). En känslighetsanalys på användningsprocessen och dess effekter visade också på begränsningar för användning i Kina.
Liu, Lollo. "Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium-Ion Battery pack for Energy storage Systems : - the environmental impact of a grid-connected battery energy storage system." Thesis, Uppsala University, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-428627.