Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cyber defensive

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Cyber defensive'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 July 2024
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Cyber defensive"

1

Huntley, Wade, and Timothy Shives. "The Offense-Defense Balance in Cyberspace." European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security 23, no. 1 (June 27, 2024): 836–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/eccws.23.1.2500.

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The study of cyber strategy and its implications for international security has become increasingly crucial, necessitating an examination of the unique challenges posed by the dynamic and stealthy nature of the cyber domain. This paper addresses whether offensive or defensive strategies prevail in cyberspace, especially in light of evolving technological landscapes and debates over cyber threats. By applying offense-defense theory from international relations, the research explores the nuanced relationship between offensive and defensive operations in cyberspace. Despite prevalent views favoring offense dominance, recent skepticism questions the severity of cyber threats and suggests a possible overemphasis on offensive operations. This paper systematically examines the core concepts, findings, and operational variables of offense-defense theory, providing clarity to the conceptual debates surrounding cyber conflict. Recognizing the unique characteristics of the cyber domain, it urges a careful consideration of biases that may distort judgments about offense dominance. The evolving nature of cyberspace and its potential for redesign introduces caution and underscores the need for a nuanced understanding of the offense-defense balance. The preliminary assessment concludes that the question of whether offense or defense "dominates" in cyberspace is overly simplistic. Given the intricate interactions of cyber capabilities, other coercive means available to states, and the dynamic evolution of cyber technology, this question can only be answered within specific contextual and chronological boundaries. Within such conditions, the state of the offense-defense balance is crucial to tactical and operational decision-making. At the strategic policymaking level, the more coherent question is how cyber technologies are shifting the balance of advantages between offense and defense in the overall military posture of states. In essence, this paper provides valuable insights into the ongoing discourse on cyber strategy, theoretical frameworks, and nuanced analyses to inform policy and strategic decision-making in the face of evolving cyber threats.
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Galinec, Darko. "Cyber Security and Cyber Defense: Challenges and Building of Cyber Resilience Conceptual Model." International Journal of Applied Sciences & Development 1 (March 1, 2023): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232029.2022.1.10.

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Cyber security encompasses a broad range of practices, tools and concepts related closely to those of information and operational technology security. Cyber security is distinctive in its inclusion of the offensive use of information technology to attack adversaries. Use of the term cyber security as a key challenge and a synonym for information security or IT security misleads customers and security practitioners and obscures critical differences between these disciplines. Recommendation for security leaders is that they should use the term cyber security to designate only security practices related to the defensive actions involving or relying upon information technology and/or operational technology environments and systems. Cyber defense is a computer network defense mechanism which includes response to actions and critical infrastructure protection and information assurance for organizations, government entities and other possible networks [3]. In this paper, we investigate how cyber security and cyber defense may lead to cyber resilience with the novel model of cyber resilience designed and presented. Furthermore, within the same model authors investigate actions for cyber security and cyber defense in conditions of increasing challenge of cyber-attacks and the limited capabilities to respond to this threat describing the process of creation, performance and future of EU Cyber Rapid Response Teams (abbr. CRRT) and Mutual Assistance in Cyber Security, introducing novel approach to cyber security and cyber defense at the EU level.
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Segell, Glen. "Consistency of Civil-Military Relations in the Israel Defense Forces: The Defensive Mode in Cyber." Journal of Advanced Military Studies 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 86–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.21140/mcuj.20211201004.

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The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) has four battle threats, where cyber is equitable to conventional (state), subconventional (nonstate), and nonconventional. An escalation in one could lead to an overall escalation in all. In the political areas and, by extension, in civil-military relations (CMR), the IDF has a defensive mode as routine, while an offensive mode is manifest rarely in emergencies and war. The IDF is engaged in a total war in a defensive mode yet a limited war in the offensive mode as Israel’s adversaries do not share the same policies with regular cyber and terror attacks against civilian, government, and military targets. There is consistency in all four threats. Fencing, active defense, and preventive and preemptive strikes dominate.
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Duvenage, Petrus, Wilhelm Bernhardt, and Sebastian Von Solms. "Cyber power in the African context: an exploratory analysis and proposition." European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security 22, no. 1 (June 19, 2023): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/eccws.22.1.1046.

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While the centrality of cyber power in the safeguarding and advancing nation states’ national interests and objectives is now widely accepted, the academic discourse (on cyber power) is still incipient. In literature reviewed, cyber power is predominantly viewed as comprising of two dimensions, namely offensive and defensive. The exploratory analysis we conducted found that Africa’s unique, contextual factors necessitate an expanded conceptualisation of cyber power. This alternative conceptualisation does not dispute the existing notion that cyber power has offensive and defensive dimensions. The fact that cyber is by its very nature borderless and that African countries function in an interconnected global arena of competition and conflict, are also not contested. What is required is the addition of a third dimension to cyber power, namely developmental power. This paper advances a tentative proposition on a cyber-power triad (with offensive, defensive and developmental dimensions). This proposition, we argue, is more apposite to African countries’ national objectives —strategically and in the allocation of resources. At least on a notional level, the cyber-power triad can guide the leveraging of the asymmetric advantages that cyber space offers African nation states and in a manner that pursues all three (cyber power) dimensions in a complementary manner. Such synergetic wielding of cyber power is one of the keys indispensable to African countries addressing their substantial challenges and unlocking their vast potential.
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Pattison, James. "From defence to offence: The ethics of private cybersecurity." European Journal of International Security 5, no. 2 (May 19, 2020): 233–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eis.2020.6.

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AbstractThe cyber realm is increasingly vital to national security, but much of cybersecurity is provided privately. Private firms provide a range of roles, from purely defensive operations to more controversial ones, such as active-cyber defense (ACD) and ‘hacking back’. As with the outsourcing of traditional military and security services to private military and security companies (PMSCs), the reliance on private firms raises the ethical question of to what extent the private sector should be involved in providing security services. In this article, I consider this question. I argue that a moderately restrictive approach should be adopted, which holds that private firms can justifiably launch some cybersecurity services – defensive measures – but are not permitted to perform others – offensive measures.
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Alothman, Basil, Aldanah Alhajraf, Reem Alajmi, Rawan Al Farraj, Nourah Alshareef, and Murad Khan. "Developing a Cyber Incident Exercises Model to Educate Security Teams." Electronics 11, no. 10 (May 14, 2022): 1575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11101575.

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Since cyber attacks are increasing and evolving rapidly, the need to enhance cyber-security defense is crucial. A cyber incident exercise model is a learning technique to provide knowledge about cyber security to enhance a security team’s incident response. In this research work, we proposed a cyber incident model to handle real-time security attacks in various scenarios. The proposed model consisted of three teams: (1) the black team, (2) the red team, and (3) the blue team. The black team was a group of instructors responsible for setting up the environment. They had to educate the red and blue teams about cyber security and train them on facing cyber attacks. Once the training period was completed, the members were divided into two teams to conduct a cyber-security competition in a cyber game scenario. Each of the two teams performed a different task. The red team was the offensive team that was responsible for launching cyber-security attacks. The blue team was the defensive team that was responsible for countering attacks and minimizing the damage caused by attackers; they had to conduct both cyber-security configuration and incident handling. During the scenario, the black team was responsible for guiding and monitoring both the red and the blue teams, ensuring the rules were applied throughout the competition. At the end of the competition, the members of each team changed with each other to make sure every team member was using the knowledge they gained from the training period and every participant was evaluated impartially. Finally, we showed the security team’s offensive and defensive skills via the red team and the blue team, respectively.
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Awan, Jawad Hussain, Shahzad Memon, Sheeraz Memon, Kamran Taj Pathan, and Niaz Hussain Arijo. "Cyber Threats/Attacks and a Defensive Model to Mitigate Cyber Activities." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 37, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1802.12.

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Slayton, Rebecca. "What Is the Cyber Offense-Defense Balance? Conceptions, Causes, and Assessment." International Security 41, no. 3 (January 2017): 72–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00267.

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Most scholars and policymakers claim that cyberspace favors the offense; a minority of scholars disagree. Sweeping claims about the offense-defense balance in cyberspace are misguided because the balance can be assessed only with respect to specific organizational skills and technologies. The balance is defined in dyadic terms, that is, the value less the costs of offensive operations and the value less the costs of defensive operations. The costs of cyber operations are shaped primarily by the organizational skills needed to create and manage complex information technology efficiently. The current success of offense results primarily from poor defensive management and the relatively simpler goals of offense; it can be very costly to exert precise physical effects using cyberweapons. An empirical analysis shows that the Stuxnet cyberattacks on Iran's nuclear facilities very likely cost the offense much more than the defense. The perceived benefits of both the Stuxnet offense and defense, moreover, were likely two orders of magnitude greater than the perceived costs, making it unlikely that decisionmakers focused on costs.
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Armstrong, Miriam E., Keith S. Jones, and Akbar Siami Namin. "Framework for Developing a Brief Interview to Understand Cyber Defense Work: An Experience Report." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 1318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601812.

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Cyber defense is increasingly important for the wellbeing of our economy and our national defense. Universities can help meet our growing cybersecurity needs by training the next generation of cyber defenders, and it is crucial that the curricula for such programs are designed to prepare students for the type of work that is performed in the field. Unfortunately, collecting data about cyber work is hindered in situations where cybersecurity professionals are uncomfortable with traditional human factors work analysis methods. Four potential constraints are 1) no naturalistic observations, 2) anonymity and safety, 3) short data collection time, and 4) no deep process questions. We developed a brief interview technique that allowed us to measure the importance of knowledge, skills, and abilities related to offensive and defensive cyber work. Based on our experience using this technique, it fits within the four potential constraints to cyber research and produces information that is directly applicable to the development of cybersecurity curricula. Our technique could potentially be used for other research purposes and personnel selection and by researchers interested in other high-security populations.
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Mali, Prashant. "Defining Cyber Weapon in Context of Technology and Law." International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism 8, no. 1 (January 2018): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2018010104.

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This article describes how the interconnected world of today, or the cyber space so often called, is easily accessible through a wide array of devices and has an impact and reach beyond geo-political boundaries Owing to high levels of connectivity and the nature of E-governance activities today, the cyber space is rapidly becoming a potential global battlefield for cyber warfare among various state and non-state entities. An effective cyber weapon in this space is like an indicator of cyber power, its nature being offensive or defensive. Parameters of effectiveness and reliability range from the type of developer of the weapon, whether state or non-state to its longevity in time and technology and others like possibility of an economic implementation along with the scope of its usage. This article is aimed at analyzing existing definitions, opinions and notions about cyber weapons and defining the term cyber weapon from a techno-legal perspective, which could be universally acceptable and have characteristics of enforceability across all domains: civil, criminal & defense applications.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cyber defensive"

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Markwood, Ian. "Offensive and Defensive Security for Everyday Computer Systems." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7336.

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This dissertation treats a variety of topics in the computer security domain which have direct impact on everyday life. The first extends false data injection attacks against state estimation in electric power grids and then provides a novel power flow model camouflage method to hamper these attacks. The second deals with automotive theft response, detailing a method for a car to intelligently identify when it has been stolen, based on collected behavioral traits of its driver. The third demonstrates a new attack against the content integrity of the PDF file format, caus- ing humans and computers to see different information within the same PDF documents. This dissertation lastly describes some future work efforts, identifying some potential vulnerabilities in the automated enforcement of copyright protection for audio (particularly music) in online systems such as YouTube.
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Wong, Tiong Pern. "Active cyber defense: enhancing national cyber defense." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10713.

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With increased dependency on the Internet, cyber attacks are fast becoming an attractive option for state adversaries, in part because of the ease of hiding one's identity. In response, governments around the world are taking measures to improve their national cyber defenses. However, these defenses, which are generally passive in nature, have been insufficient to address the threat. This thesis explores the possibility of employing active cyber defenses to improve cyber defenses at the national level. Active cyber defense refers to the use of offensive actions, such as counter hacking, pre-emptive hacking, etc., to defend against cyber attacks. This thesis studies the typologies of active cyber defense and examines how this approach can enhance a state's cyber defense posture.
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Stensboel, Karl Birger. "Norwegian cyber defense." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/39016.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
This thesis postulates the need for a more proactive approach to cyber defense in Norway and offers recommendations about how Norway can be better prepared to counter cyber threats. It finds that Norways strategic infrastructure is vulnerable to cyber attacks and that Norway has no coherent strategy for meeting this challenge. The thesis argues that an effective cyber defense requires a wide range of offensive and defensive measures as well as a central authority for command and control. Norway must increasingly be perceived as a serious and tough player in cyberspace; this requires proactive thinking and offensive capabilities. An important first step would be to make the Ministry of Defense responsible for the nations cyber defense.
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Cloud, Donald W. "Integrated cyber defenses towards cyber defense doctrine." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Dec%5FCloud.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2007.
Thesis Advisor(s): Moran, Daniel ; Denning, Dorothy. "December 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 18, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-102). Also available in print.
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Odhner, Caroline. "Cyber Deterrence Based Upon Conventional Premises : A Discourse Analysis of the US Cyber Deterrence Policy." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-10143.

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Deterrence as a military strategy aims to discourage an aggressor from initiating unwanted courses of actions by convincing the aggressor that cost exceeds the profit. In cyberspace, where the costs are lower, deterrence is disputed because of the natural interconnectedness and constant actions. The aim of this study is to investigate how the US understands cyber deterrence. This study is motivated by the current ambiguity regarding whether deterrence works in cyberspace or not. Using both theories of conventional and cyber deterrence together with theories of offense and defense, the study focuses on the US since they remain at the center of development regarding cyber deterrence. Through a discourse analysis using Bacchis What´s the problem represented to be approach, the investigation of US policy from 2018 shows that the US has adopted theories of cyber deterrence in their policy. However, the presumptions of the problem presentation have rather descended from theories of conventional deterrence. The solutions implemented indicate that the US has an advantage in cyber offense capabilities, but the study also shows that they are moving towards more defense-oriented capabilities in the future. In the stress of taking action, the US end up interfusing premises and actions which may affect the principle of intervention and thus the security of the American population.
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Sushereba, Christen Elizabeth Lopez. "Comparison of Cyber Network Defense Visual Displays." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright15272019221867.

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Medvedev, Sergei A. "Offense-defense theory analysis of Russian cyber capability." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/45225.

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The Russian Federation is a key state actor in cyberspace; cyber events associated with Russian state and non-state actors have threatened Russia’s neighbors, shaped international cyber norms, as well as influenced strategists’ understanding of cyber power. This thesis seeks to understand Russian cyber capability through the lens of Robert Jervis’s offense-defense theory in order to answer the thesis’s central question: Do Russian cyber capabilities reflect an investment in offensive or defensive cyber weapons, and do Russia’s cyber technology, doctrine, and policy differentiate its posture as offensive or defensive? To evaluate Russian cyber capability, this thesis considers two factors—technology and geography—concluding that, although the Russian government is modifying its cyber terrain to improve defensiveness, Russia’s brandished cyber weapons suggest that it pursues offensive capability. To evaluate Russia’s posture differentiation, the thesis examines Russians’ understanding of cyber power, Russian information warfare and hybrid warfare doctrines, and the country’s international engagements, concluding that, although Russia has historically presented its posture as defensive, it is increasingly difficult to make that distinction. Finally, the thesis evaluates this state-level analysis in the broader context of the international system; Russia’s historical aggression and current behavior in cyberspace likely reflects Stephen van Evera’s explanATOry hypothesis for the causes of war—defensive expansion.
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Zhang, Ruide. "Hardware-Aided Privacy Protection and Cyber Defense for IoT." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98791.

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With recent advances in electronics and communication technologies, our daily lives are immersed in an environment of Internet-connected smart things. Despite the great convenience brought by the development of these technologies, privacy concerns and security issues are two topics that deserve more attention. On one hand, as smart things continue to grow in their abilities to sense the physical world and capabilities to send information out through the Internet, they have the potential to be used for surveillance of any individuals secretly. Nevertheless, people tend to adopt wearable devices without fully understanding what private information can be inferred and leaked through sensor data. On the other hand, security issues become even more serious and lethal with the world embracing the Internet of Things (IoT). Failures in computing systems are common, however, a failure now in IoT may harm people's lives. As demonstrated in both academic research and industrial practice, a software vulnerability hidden in a smart vehicle may lead to a remote attack that subverts a driver's control of the vehicle. Our approach to the aforementioned challenges starts by understanding privacy leakage in the IoT era and follows with adding defense layers to the IoT system with attackers gaining increasing capabilities. The first question we ask ourselves is "what new privacy concerns do IoT bring". We focus on discovering information leakage beyond people's common sense from even seemingly benign signals. We explore how much private information we can extract by designing information extraction systems. Through our research, we argue for stricter access control on newly coming sensors. After noticing the importance of data collected by IoT, we trace where sensitive data goes. In the IoT era, edge nodes are used to process sensitive data. However, a capable attacker may compromise edge nodes. Our second research focuses on applying trusted hardware to build trust in large-scale networks under this circumstance. The application of trusted hardware protects sensitive data from compromised edge nodes. Nonetheless, if an attacker becomes more powerful and embeds malicious logic into code for trusted hardware during the development phase, he still can secretly steal private data. In our third research, we design a static analyzer for detecting malicious logic hidden inside code for trusted hardware. Other than the privacy concern of data collected, another important aspect of IoT is that it affects the physical world. Our last piece of research work enables a user to verify the continuous execution state of an unmanned vehicle. This way, people can trust the integrity of the past and present state of the unmanned vehicle.
Doctor of Philosophy
The past few years have witnessed a rising in computing and networking technologies. Such advances enable the new paradigm, IoT, which brings great convenience to people's life. Large technology companies like Google, Apple, Amazon are creating smart devices such as smartwatch, smart home, drones, etc. Compared to the traditional internet, IoT can provide services beyond digital information by interacting with the physical world by its sensors and actuators. While the deployment of IoT brings value in various aspects of our society, the lucrative reward from cyber-crimes also increases in the upcoming IoT era. Two unique privacy and security concerns are emerging for IoT. On one hand, IoT brings a large volume of new sensors that are deployed ubiquitously and collect data 24/7. User's privacy is a big concern in this circumstance because collected sensor data may be used to infer a user's private activities. On the other hand, cyber-attacks now harm not only cyberspace but also the physical world. A failure in IoT devices could result in loss of human life. For example, a remotely hacked vehicle could shut down its engine on the highway regardless of the driver's operation. Our approach to emerging privacy and security concerns consists of two directions. The first direction targets at privacy protection. We first look at the privacy impact of upcoming ubiquitous sensing and argue for stricter access control on smart devices. Then, we follow the data flow of private data and propose solutions to protect private data from the networking and cloud computing infrastructure. The other direction aims at protecting the physical world. We propose an innovative method to verify the cyber state of IoT devices.
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Azab, Mohamed Mahmoud Mahmoud. "Cooperative Autonomous Resilient Defense Platform for Cyber-Physical Systems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19273.

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Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) entail the tight integration of and coordination between computational and physical resources. These systems are increasingly becoming vital to modernizing the national critical infrastructure systems ranging from healthcare, to transportation and energy, to homeland security and national defense. Advances in CPS technology are needed to help improve their current capabilities as well as their adaptability, autonomicity, efficiency, reliability, safety and usability.  Due to the proliferation of increasingly sophisticated cyber threats with exponentially destructive effects, CPS defense systems must systematically evolve their detection, understanding, attribution, and mitigation capabilities. Unfortunately most of the current CPS defense systems fall short to adequately provision defense services while maintaining operational continuity and stability of the targeted CPS applications in presence of advanced persistent attacks. Most of these defense systems use un-coordinated combinations of disparate tools to provision defense services for the cyber and physical components. Such isolation and lack of awareness of and cooperation between defense tools may lead to massive resource waste due to unnecessary redundancy, and potential conflicts that can be utilized by a resourceful attacker to penetrate the system.  
Recent research argued against the suitability of the current security solutions to CPS environments.  We assert the need for new defense platforms that effectively and efficiently manage dynamic defense missions and toolsets in real-time with the following goals:
1) Achieve asymmetric advantage to CPS defenders, prohibitively increasing the cost for attackers;
2) Ensure resilient operations in presence of persistent and evolving attacks and failures; and  
3) Facilitate defense alliances, effectively and efficiently diffusing defense intelligence and operations transcending organizational boundaries.
Our proposed solution comprehensively addresses the aforementioned goals offering an evolutionary CPS defense system. The presented CPS defense platform, termed CyPhyCARD (Cooperative Autonomous Resilient Defenses for Cyber-Physical systems) presents a unified defense platform to monitor, manage, and control the heterogeneous composition of CPS components. CyPhyCARD relies on three interrelated pillars to construct its defense platform. CyPhyCARD comprehensively integrates these pillars, therefore building a large scale, intrinsically resilient, self- and situation- aware, cooperative, and autonomous defense cloud-like platform that provisions adequate, prompt, and pervasive defense services for large-scale, heterogeneously-composed CPS. The CyPhyCARD pillars are:
1) Autonomous management platform (CyberX) for CyPhyCARD\'s foundation. CyberX enables application elasticity and autonomic adaptation to changes by runtime diversity employment, enhances the application resilience against attacks and failures by multimodal recovery mechanism, and enables unified application execution on heterogeneously composed platforms by a smart employment of a fine-grained environment-virtualization technology.
2) Diversity management system (ChameleonSoft) built on CyberX. ChameleonSoft encrypts software execution behavior by smart employment of runtime diversity across multiple dimensions to include time, space, and platform heterogeneity inducing a trace-resistant moving-target defense that works on securing CyPhyCARD platform against software attacks.
3) Evolutionary Sensory system (EvoSense) built on CyberX. EvoSense realizes pervasive, intrinsically-resilient, situation-aware sense and response system to seamlessly effect biological-immune-system like defense. EvoSense acts as a middle layer between the defense service provider(s) and the Target of Defense (ToD) creating a uniform defense interface that hides ToD\'s scale and heterogeneity concerns from defense-provisioning management.
CyPhyCARD is evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively. The efficacy of the presented approach is assessed qualitatively, through a complex synthetic CPS attack scenario. In addition to the presented scenario, we devised multiple prototype packages for the presented pillars to assess their applicability in real execution environment and applications. Further, the efficacy and the efficiency of the presented approach is comprehensively assessed quantitatively by a set of custom-made simulation packages simulating each CyPhyCARD pillar for performance and security evaluation.  The evaluation illustrated the success of CyPhyCARD and its constructing pillars to efficiently and effectively achieve its design objective with reasonable overhead.
Ph. D.
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Nsambu, Emmanuel, and Danish Aziz. "The Defense Against the latest Cyber Espionage both insider and outsider attacks." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-16477.

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This study was carried out with the intention of examining the defensive mechanism employed against the latest cyber espionage methods including both insider and outsider attacks. The main focus of this study was on web servers as the targets of the cyber attacks. Information in connection to the study was obtained from researchers’ online articles. A survey was also conducted at MidSweden University in order to obtain information about the latest cyber attacks on web servers and about the existing defensive mechanism against such attacks. The existing defensive mechanism was surveyed and a simple design was created to assist in the investigation of the efficiency of the system. Some simple implementations of the existing defensive mechanism were made in order to provide some practical results that were used for the study. The existing defensive mechanism was surveyed and improved upon where possible. The improved defensive mechanism was designed and implemented and its results were compared with the results from the existing defensive mechanism. Due to the fact that the majority of the attackers use defensive mechanisms’ vulnerability in order to find their way into devices such as web servers, it was felt that, even with the most sophisticated improved defensive mechanism in place, it would not be entirely correct to claim that it is possible to fully protect web servers against such attacks.
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Books on the topic "Cyber defensive"

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Carayannis, Elias G., David F. J. Campbell, and Marios Panagiotis Efthymiopoulos, eds. Cyber-Development, Cyber-Democracy and Cyber-Defense. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1028-1.

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Carayannis, Elias G., David F. J. Campbell, and Marios Panagiotis Efthymiopoulos, eds. Handbook of Cyber-Development, Cyber-Democracy, and Cyber-Defense. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06091-0.

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Kott, Alexander, Cliff Wang, and Robert F. Erbacher, eds. Cyber Defense and Situational Awareness. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11391-3.

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Kott, Alexander, ed. Autonomous Intelligent Cyber Defense Agent (AICA). Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29269-9.

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Jajodia, Sushil, George Cybenko, Peng Liu, Cliff Wang, and Michael Wellman, eds. Adversarial and Uncertain Reasoning for Adaptive Cyber Defense. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30719-6.

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Vijayalakshmi, S., P. Durgadevi, Lija Jacob, Balamurugan Balusamy, and Parma Nand. Artificial Intelligence for Cyber Defense and Smart Policing. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003251781.

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Rani Panigrahi, Chhabi, Victor Hugo C. de Albuquerque, Akash Kumar Bhoi, and Hareesha K.S. Big Data and Edge Intelligence for Enhanced Cyber Defense. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003215523.

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1958-, Nemati Hamid R., and Yang, Li, 1974 Oct. 29-, eds. Applied cryptography for cyber security and defense: Information encryption and cyphering. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference, 2010.

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Belk, Robert. On the use of offensive cyber capabilities: A policy analysis for the Department of Defense Office of Cyber Policy. Cambridge, Mass: John F. Kennedy School of Government, 2012.

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Moore, Alexis. Cyber self-defense: Expert advice to avoid online predators, identity theft, and cyberbullying. Guilford, Connecticut: Lyons Press, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cyber defensive"

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Kassab, Hanna Samir. "Cyber-Vulnerability." In Prioritization Theory and Defensive Foreign Policy, 149–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48018-3_7.

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Katagiri, Nori. "Why Defensive Measures Are Too Defensive: Strategy of Denial." In How Liberal Democracies Defend Their Cyber Networks from Hackers, 43–56. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54561-0_3.

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Huang, Linan, and Quanyan Zhu. "Dynamic Bayesian Games for Adversarial and Defensive Cyber Deception." In Autonomous Cyber Deception, 75–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02110-8_5.

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Turtiainen, Hannu, Andrei Costin, and Timo Hämäläinen. "Defensive Machine Learning Methods and the Cyber Defence Chain." In Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity, 147–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15030-2_7.

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Osula, Anna-Maria. "Building Cyber Resilience: The Defensive Shield for the EU." In New Security Challenges, 179–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08384-6_9.

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Zhao, Jiamiao, Fei Hu, and Xiali Hei. "Defensive Schemes for Cyber Security of Deep Reinforcement Learning." In AI, Machine Learning and Deep Learning, 139–49. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003187158-12.

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Manasa, Koppula, and L. M. I. Leo Joseph. "IoT Security Vulnerabilities and Defensive Measures in Industry 4.0." In Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Security in Industry 4.0, 71–112. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2115-7_4.

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Fritsch, Lothar, Aws Jaber, and Anis Yazidi. "An Overview of Artificial Intelligence Used in Malware." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 41–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17030-0_4.

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AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods are increasingly adopted in cyberattacks. AI supports the establishment of covert channels, as well as the obfuscation of malware. Additionally, AI results in new forms of phishing attacks and enables hard-to-detect cyber-physical sabotage. Malware creators increasingly deploy AI and ML methods to improve their attack’s capabilities. Defenders must therefore expect unconventional malware with new, sophisticated and changing features and functions. AI’s potential for automation of complex tasks serves as a challenge in the face of defensive deployment of anti-malware AI techniques. This article summarizes the state of the art in AI-enhanced malware and the evasion and attack techniques it uses against AI-supported defensive systems. Our findings include articles describing targeted attacks against AI detection functions, advanced payload obfuscation techniques, evasion of networked communication with AI methods, malware for unsupervised-learning-based cyber-physical sabotage, decentralized botnet control using swarm intelligence and the concealment of malware payloads within neural networks that fulfill other purposes.
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Hodges, Duncan, and Oliver Buckley. "Its Not All About the Money: Self-efficacy and Motivation in Defensive and Offensive Cyber Security Professionals." In Human Aspects of Information Security, Privacy and Trust, 494–506. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58460-7_34.

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Cabada, Pavol. "Cyber-Democracy and Cyber-Defense." In Handbook of Cyber-Development, Cyber-Democracy, and Cyber-Defense, 1–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06091-0_11-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cyber defensive"

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Mckneely, Jennifer, Tara Sell, Kathleen Straub, and Daniel Thomas. "Defensive Cyber Maneuvers to Disrupt Cyber Attackers." In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2023.814.

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Ferguson-Walter, Kimberly, Sunny Fugate, Justin Mauger, and Maxine Major. "Game theory for adaptive defensive cyber deception." In the 6th Annual Symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3314058.3314063.

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Bierbrauer, David, Robert Schabinger, Caleb Carlin, Jonathan Mullin, John Pavlik, and Nathaniel D. Bastian. "Autonomous cyber warfare agents: dynamic reinforcement learning for defensive cyber operations." In Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Multi-Domain Operations Applications V, edited by Latasha Solomon and Peter J. Schwartz. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2663093.

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Parker, Thomas, Jeremy Jones, Joshua Mayberry, Gassium Chanman, Zachary Staples, John McEachen, and Murali Tummala. "Defensive Cyber Operations in a Software-Defined Network." In 2016 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2016.688.

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Hu, Bing, Longqiang Zhang, Zhiwu Guo, Youran Li, Wei Sun, Liang Zhou, and Yong Tian. "Data Flow Based Cyber Security Defense-in-Depth Model of I&C System for Nuclear Power Plants." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67918.

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With the introduction of digital instrumentation system, the cyber security threat to nuclear power plants is becoming more and more serious. The existing cyber security standards of nuclear power plants still need to be improved, and the technology practice of defensive strategies is lacking all over the world. In this paper, based on the comparison of domestic and foreign regulations and standards, combined with the technical practice of I&C system overall plan, a defense-in-depth model based on data flow is proposed. The overall technical requirements, hierarchy, network model, cyber security basic requirements, cyber security interface and protection of digital assets are introduced, the application of the model and the direction of research on cyber security of nuclear power plant are prospected.
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Moody, William, Hongxin Hu, and Amy Apon. "Defensive Maneuver Cyber Platform Modeling with Stochastic Petri Nets." In 10th IEEE International Conference on Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing. ICST, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/icst.collaboratecom.2014.257559.

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Chiang, Cho-Yu J., Sridhar Venkatesan, Shridatt Sugrim, Jason A. Youzwak, Ritu Chadha, Edward I. Colbert, Hasan Cam, and Massimiliano Albanese. "On Defensive Cyber Deception: A Case Study Using SDN." In MILCOM 2018 - IEEE Military Communications Conference. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/milcom.2018.8599755.

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Wood, Paul, Saurabh Bagchi, and Alefiya Hussain. "Optimizing Defensive Investments in Energy-Based Cyber-Physical Systems." In 2015 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium Workshop (IPDPSW). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipdpsw.2015.112.

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Rizwan, Kainat, Mudassar Ahmad, and Muhammad Asif Habib. "Cyber Automated Network Resilience Defensive Approach against Malware Images." In 2022 International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology (FIT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fit57066.2022.00051.

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Kim, Charles, and Dayne Robinson. "Modbus monitoring for networked control systems of cyber-defensive architecture." In 2017 Annual IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/syscon.2017.7934750.

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Reports on the topic "Cyber defensive"

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Carey, III, and Casimir C. NATO's Options for Defensive Cyber Against Non-State Actors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada592754.

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Su, Fei, Larisa Saveleva Dovgal, and Lora Saalman. Advancing the Role of the European Union in Promoting Global Cyber Stability. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/ttrc4774.

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While the European Union as a collective entity continues to abstain from endorsing an offensive cyber posture, several of its member states have adopted both defensive and offensive activities and capabilities in cyberspace. In doing so, these member states mirror trends in China, Russia and the United States, which seem to possess increasingly similar strategies for balancing defensive and offensive cyber operations. Given this context, EU policy will need to navigate the potential involvement of its member states in offensive operations, while continuing to advocate for a defence-centric strategy that emphasizes cyber resilience. This research policy paper builds on a year and a half of SIPRI research, workshops and publications that explore ways forward for the EU to strengthen its own cybersecurity while contributing to global cyber stability.
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Buchanan, Ben. A National Security Research Agenda for Cybersecurity and Artificial Intelligence. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/2020ca001.

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Machine learning advances are transforming cyber strategy and operations. This necessitates studying national security issues at the intersection of AI and cybersecurity, including offensive and defensive cyber operations, the cybersecurity of AI systems, and the effect of new technologies on global stability.
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Lohn, Andrew, Anna Knack, Ant Burke, and Krystal Jackson. Autonomous Cyber Defense. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/2022ca007.

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The current AI-for-cybersecurity paradigm focuses on detection using automated tools, but it has largely neglected holistic autonomous cyber defense systems — ones that can act without human tasking. That is poised to change as tools are proliferating for training reinforcement learning-based AI agents to provide broader autonomous cybersecurity capabilities. The resulting agents are still rudimentary and publications are few, but the current barriers are surmountable and effective agents would be a substantial boon to society.
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Hoffman, Wyatt. AI and the Future of Cyber Competition. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/2020ca007.

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As states turn to AI to gain an edge in cyber competition, it will change the cat-and-mouse game between cyber attackers and defenders. Embracing machine learning systems for cyber defense could drive more aggressive and destabilizing engagements between states. Wyatt Hoffman writes that cyber competition already has the ingredients needed for escalation to real-world violence, even if these ingredients have yet to come together in the right conditions.
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Plantenga, Todd, and Tamara Gibson Kolda. Analytics for Cyber Network Defense. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1113857.

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Smith, Randall. Multi-Community Cyber Defense (MCCD). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada408408.

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Giles, Keir, and Kim Hartmann. Cyber Defense: An International View. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada622264.

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Luckinbill, Ryan. Cyber Defense Competition Card Game. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-471.

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Colbaugh, Richard, and Kristin L. Glass. Proactive defense for evolving cyber threats. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1059470.

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