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Journal articles on the topic 'Cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Beltran, E. Carolina, and Brett A. Neilan. "Geographical Segregation of the Neurotoxin-Producing Cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 10 (October 1, 2000): 4468–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.10.4468-4474.2000.

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ABSTRACT Blooms of the cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis are a major worldwide problem due to their production of a range of toxins, in particular the neurotoxins anatoxin-a and paralytic shellfish poisons (PSPs). Although there is a worldwide distribution of A. circinalis, there is a geographical segregation of neurotoxin production. American and European isolates of A. circinalisproduce only anatoxin-a, while Australian isolates exclusively produce PSPs. The reason for this geographical segregation of neurotoxin production by A. circinalis is unknown. The phylogenetic structure of A. circinalis was determined by analyzing 16S rRNA gene sequences. A. circinalis was found to form a monophyletic group of international distribution. However, the PSP- and non-PSP-producing A. circinalis formed two distinct 16S rRNA gene clusters. A molecular probe was designed, allowing the identification of A. circinalis from cultured and uncultured environmental samples. In addition, probes targeting the predominantly PSP-producing or non-PSP-producing clusters were designed for the characterization of A. circinalis isolates as potential PSP producers.

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2

Pomati, Francesco, Brendan P. Burns, and Brett A. Neilan. "Identification of an Na+-Dependent Transporter Associated with Saxitoxin-Producing Strains of the Cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 8 (August 2004): 4711–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.8.4711-4719.2004.

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ABSTRACT Blooms of the freshwater cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis are recognized as an important health risk worldwide due to the production of a range of toxins such as saxitoxin (STX) and its derivatives. In this study we used HIP1 octameric-palindrome repeated-sequence PCR to compare the genomic structure of phylogenetically similar Australian isolates of A. circinalis. STX-producing and nontoxic cyanobacterial strains showed different HIP1 (highly iterated octameric palindrome 1) DNA patterns, and characteristic interrepeat amplicons for each group were identified. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was performed using HIP1 PCR-generated libraries to further identify toxic-strain-specific genes. An STX-producing strain and a nontoxic strain of A. circinalis were chosen as testers in two distinct experiments. The two categories of SSH putative tester-specific sequences were characterized by different families of encoded proteins that may be representative of the differences in metabolism between STX-producing and nontoxic A. circinalis strains. DNA-microarray hybridization and genomic screening revealed a toxic-strain-specific HIP1 fragment coding for a putative Na+-dependent transporter. Analysis of this gene demonstrated analogy to the mrpF gene of Bacillus subtilis, whose encoded protein is involved in Na+-specific pH homeostasis. The application of this gene as a molecular probe in laboratory and environmental screening for STX-producing A. circinalis strains was demonstrated. The possible role of this putative Na+-dependent transporter in the toxic cyanobacterial phenotype is also discussed, in light of recent physiological studies of STX-producing cyanobacteria.

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3

Fergusson, Kim M., and Christopher P. Saint. "Molecular Phylogeny of Anabaena circinalis and Its Identification in Environmental Samples by PCR." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 4145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.9.4145-4148.2000.

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ABSTRACT Although the cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis occurs worldwide, Australian isolates are believed to exclusively possess the saxitoxin group neurotoxins (paralytic shellfish poisons). Identification of A. circinalis in a mixed population is complicated due to limited morphological differences betweenAnabaena species. Sequence analysis of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (rpoC1) gene from 24 Anabaenaisolates, including 12 designated A. circinalis, permitted a phylogenetic analysis to be performed. In addition, an A. circinalis-specific PCR was developed and tested successfully on environmental samples.

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4

Minowa, Cho, Oshima, Konoki, and Yotsu-Yamashita. "Identification of a Novel Saxitoxin Analogue, 12β-Deoxygonyautoxin 3, in the Cyanobacterium, Anabaena circinalis (TA04)." Toxins 11, no. 9 (September 16, 2019): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11090539.

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Saxitoxin (STX) and its analogues, the potent voltage-gated sodium channel blockers, are biosynthesized by freshwater cyanobacteria and marine dinoflagellates. We previously identified several biosynthetic intermediates in the extract of the cyanobacterium, Anabaena circinalis (TA04), that are primarily produced during the early and middle stages in the biosynthetic pathway to produce STX. These findings allowed us to propose a putative biosynthetic pathway responsible for STX production based on the structures of these intermediates. In the present study, we identified 12β-deoxygonyautoxin 3 (12β-deoxyGTX3), a novel STX analogue produced by A. circinalis (TA04), by comparing the retention time and MS/MS fragmentation pattern with those of synthetic standards using LC–MS. The presence of this compound in A. circinalis (TA04) is consistent with stereoselective enzymatic oxidations at C11 and C12, and 11-O-sulfation, during the late stage of STX biosynthesis, as proposed in previous studies.

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5

Shin, Hee Jae, Hisashi Matsuda, Masahiro Murakami, and Katsumi Yamaguchi. "Circinamide, a novel papain inhibitor from the cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis (NIES-41)." Tetrahedron 53, no. 16 (April 1997): 5747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(97)00285-8.

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6

Giglio, Steven, Christopher P. Saint, and Paul T. Monis. "EXPRESSION OF THE GEOSMIN SYNTHASE GENE IN THE CYANOBACTERIUM ANABAENA CIRCINALIS AWQC3181." Journal of Phycology 47, no. 6 (September 23, 2011): 1338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01061.x.

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7

Negri, Andrew P., Gary J. Jones, and Michael Hindmarsh. "Sheep mortality associated with paralytic shellfish poisons from the cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis." Toxicon 33, no. 10 (October 1995): 1321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(95)00068-w.

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8

Park, Hye-Jin, Myung-Hwan Park, Yeon-Bo Sim, Jong-Kwon Im, and Soon-Jin Hwang. "Geosmin Production Potential of a Cyanobacterium, Anabaena circinalis Isolated from Lake Paldang, Korea." Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment 50, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.11614/ksl.2017.50.4.363.

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9

Ho, Lionel, Paul Tanis-Plant, Nawal Kayal, Najwa Slyman, and Gayle Newcombe. "Optimising water treatment practices for the removal of Anabaena circinalis and its associated metabolites, geosmin and saxitoxins." Journal of Water and Health 7, no. 4 (July 1, 2009): 544–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.075.

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The cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis has the ability to co-produce geosmin and saxitoxins, compounds which can compromise the quality of drinking water. This study provides pertinent information in optimising water treatment practices for the removal of geosmin and saxitoxins. In particular, it demonstrates that pre-oxidation using potassium permanganate could be applied at the head of water treatment plants without releasing intracellular geosmin and saxitoxins from A. circinalis. Furthermore, powdered activated carbon (PAC) was shown to be an effective treatment barrier for the removal of extracellular (dissolved) geosmin and saxitoxins, with similar adsorption trends of both compounds. The relative removal of the saxitoxins compared with geosmin was determined to be 0.84±0.27, which implies that saxitoxin removal with PAC can be estimated to be approximately 60 to 100% of the removal of geosmin under equivalent conditions. Chlorine was shown to be effective for the oxidation of the saxitoxins with CT values of approximately 30 mg min l−1 required for greater than 90% destruction of the saxitoxins.

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10

Humpage, AR, J. Rositano, AH Bretag, R. Brown, PD Baker, BC Nicholson, and DA Steffensen. "Paralytic shellfish poisons from Australian cyanobacterial blooms." Marine and Freshwater Research 45, no. 5 (1994): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9940761.

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Saxitoxin-group neurotoxins (paralytic shellfish poisons) have been identified in a cultured strain of Anabaena circinalis and in natural bloom samples in which this species was the dominant organism collected from widely distributed sites in the Murray-Darling Basin of Australia. These toxins have hitherto been isolated almost exclusively from 'red tide' dinoflagellates and contaminated shellfish. Two 'aphantoxins', which appear to be identical to two of the paralytic shellfish poisons, have been identified in a cyanobacterium from a small number of sites in New Hampshire, USA. The conclusions are supported by electrophysiological studies and by high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometric (FAB-MS) analyses.

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11

Bowling, LC, and PD Baker. "Major cyanobacterial bloom in the Barwon-Darling River, Australia, in 1991, and underlying limnological conditions." Marine and Freshwater Research 47, no. 4 (1996): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9960643.

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The occurrence of a severe cyanobacterial bloom is described. This bloom affected almost 1000 km of the Barwon-Darling River, New South Wales, Australia, in November and December 1991 and was dominated by Anabaena circinalis Rabenhorst. This cyanobacterium was present in concentrations of around half a million cells per millilitre at some localities during its peak in mid November. Moderate to very high toxicity was demonstrated by mouse bioassay at many localities during this time. The bloom was attributed to very low flow conditions and high nutrient concentrations, especially of total phosphorus. However, warm water temperatures, elevated pH, reduced turbidity, and improved water transparency would also have been contributing factors. Very high ammonia concentrations were also observed during the bloom. The bloom declined during December and was eventually flushed from the river by increased flows following heavy catchment rainfall between mid December and early January.

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12

Baker, PD, and AR Humpage. "Toxicity associated with commonly occurring cyanobacteria in surface waters of the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 45, no. 5 (1994): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9940773.

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Surveys of cyanobacterial blooms were made over four consecutive summer seasons (1990-93) in surface waters of the Murray-Darling Basin in south-eastern Australia to determine the incidence and geographic distribution of toxicity associated with a range of recognized taxa.<P. In all, 231 field samples and 143 cultured isolates, representing 13 genera, were tested for toxicity by intra-peritoneal mouse bioassay. Toxicity was recorded in 42% of all field samples and was expressed quantitatively on the basis of both dry weight and cell number. Anabaena was the most abundant genus in blooms occurring in riverine and wetland habitats, and Anabaena circinalis was prominent in all field samples that were neurotoxic. Neurotoxicity was not demonstrated in any other species of Anabaena, or in any other genus, in both field and cultured material. Assays for anatoxin-a were negative, and symptoms of neurotoxicity in mice were not consistent with those reported elsewhere for anatoxin-a(s). Hepatotoxic blooms occurred predominantly in standing waters and were invariably caused by Microcystis aeruginosa f. aeruginosa throughout the greater part of the Basin. Toxic blooms of Nodularia spumigena were recorded only in Lake Aiexandrina and Lake Albert at the mouth of the River Murray. Hepatotoxicity was also demonstrated in strains of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, which was previously recognized in Australia only as a subtropical cyanobacterium.

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13

Newcombe, G., and B. Nicholson. "Treatment options for the saxitoxin class of cyanotoxins." Water Supply 2, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2002): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0179.

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The saxitoxin class of algal toxins (cyanotoxins) are neurotoxins produced in Australia by the blue-green alga (cyanobacterium) Anabaena circinalis. A range of water treatment processes was investigated for the removal of these compounds. Ozonation of the toxins at moderate doses was found to be ineffective. Chlorination was found to be effective at high pH; therefore where pH adjustment is possible in the treatment process, chlorination could be considered as an important treatment option. Activated carbon, both in the granular and powdered form, was effective for reducing the toxicity of a mixture of the toxins as the most toxic of the saxitoxins were also the most readily removed by adsorption.

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14

SHIN, H. J., H. MATSUDA, M. MURAKAMI, and K. YAMAGUCHI. "ChemInform Abstract: Circinamide, a Novel Papain Inhibitor from the Cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis (NIES-41)." ChemInform 28, no. 35 (August 3, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199735241.

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15

Sun, Bing-kun, Yasunori Tanji, and Hajime Unno. "Influences of iron and humic acid on the growth of the cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis." Biochemical Engineering Journal 24, no. 3 (July 2005): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2005.02.014.

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16

Pereyra, Joao P. A., Paul M. D'Agostino, Rabia Mazmouz, Jason N. Woodhouse, Russell Pickford, Ian Jameson, and Brett A. Neilan. "Molecular and morphological survey of saxitoxin-producing cyanobacterium Dolichospermum circinale ( Anabaena circinalis ) isolated from geographically distinct regions of Australia." Toxicon 138 (November 2017): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.08.006.

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17

Sun, Bing-kun, Yasunori Tanji, and Hajime Unno. "Extinction of cells of cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis in the presence of humic acid under illumination." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 72, no. 4 (February 28, 2006): 823–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-006-0327-4.

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18

Pomati, Francesco, Carlo Rossetti, Davide Calamari, and Brett A. Neilan. "Effects of Saxitoxin (STX) and Veratridine on Bacterial Na+-K+ Fluxes: a Prokaryote-Based STX Bioassay." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 12 (December 2003): 7371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.12.7371-7376.2003.

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ABSTRACT Saxitoxin (STX) is a potent natural sodium channel blocker and represents a significant health concern worldwide. We describe here the antagonistic effects of STX and veratridine (VTD), an Na+ channel activator, on three gram-negative bacteria and their application to an STX bioassay. STX reduced the total cellular levels of both Na+ and K+, as measured by flame photometry, whereas VTD increased the cellular concentrations relative to control ion fluxes in the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii AWT205. Endogenous STX production in toxic cyanobacterial strains of C. raciborskii and Anabaena circinalis prevented cell lysis induced by VTD stress. Microscopic cell counts showed that non-STX producing cyanobacteria displayed complete cell lysis and trichome fragmentation 5 to 8 h after addition of VTD and vanadate (VAN), an inhibitor of sodium pumps. The addition of STX, or its analogue neoSTX, prior to treatment with VTD plus VAN prevented complete lysis in non-STX-producing cyanobacteria. VTD also affected cyanobacterial metabolism, and the presence of exogenous STX in the sample also ameliorated this decrease in metabolic activity, as measured by the cellular conversion of tetrazolium into formazan. Reduced primary metabolism was also recorded as a decrease in the light emissions of Vibrio fischeri exposed to VTD. Addition of STX prior to VTD resulted in a rapid and dose-dependent response to the presence of the channel blocker, with samples exhibiting resistance to the VTD effect. Our findings demonstrate that STX and VTD influence bacterial Na+ and K+ fluxes in opposite ways, and these principles can be applied to the development of a prokaryote-based STX bioassay.

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19

Izaguirre, G., and W. D. Taylor. "Geosmin and MIB events in a new reservoir in southern California." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 5 (March 1, 2007): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.156.

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Diamond Valley Lake is a large drinking water reservoir in western Riverside County, California near the city of Hemet. In almost 6 years since filling began in 1999, this reservoir has experienced five episodes involving either geosmin or 2-methylisoborneol (MIB). The first one was a short-lived but intense geosmin event in May 2000, associated with a planktonic cyanobacterium, Anabaena circinalis. Geosmin levels reached 750 ng/L at the surface. All the other episodes involved benthic proliferations in the littoral zone. In September 2002, an MIB-producing growth developed in a shallow area near the outlet tower, dominated by Oscillatoria cf. curviceps and O. limosa. A similar event occurred in October 2003. In March 2004, an extensive growth of cyanobacteria that included two geosmin producers developed at the east dam, but had minimal effect on geosmin levels in the water. Finally, there was a major MIB episode in October 2004, in which the primary causative organism was again Oscillatoria cf. curviceps. A band of benthic cyanobacteria developed all around the shoreline from 3–9 m deep, and surface MIB levels reached 63 ng/L. These events showed that a new reservoir in a mild climate can be colonised by benthic cyanobacteria that produce MIB and geosmin, within a relatively short time.

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20

Thompson, Peter A., Ian Jameson, and Susan I. Blackburn. "The influence of light quality on akinete formation and germination in the toxic cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis." Harmful Algae 8, no. 3 (February 2009): 504–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2008.10.004.

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21

Runnegar, Maria T. C., Alan R. B. Jackson, and Ian R. Falconer. "Toxicity to mice and sheep of a bloom of the cyanobacterium (blue - green alga) Anabaena circinalis." Toxicon 26, no. 6 (January 1988): 599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(88)90240-1.

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22

Park, Myung-Hwan, Byung-Jin Lim, Wan-Bum Seo, Chae-Hong Park, Keon-Hee Kim, and Soon-Jin Hwang. "Akinete Germination and Algal Growth Potential Test of Cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis on Different Waters in Lake Paldang." Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment 48, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.11614/ksl.2015.48.4.287.

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23

Negri, Andrew P., and Gary J. Jones. "Bioaccumulation of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins from the cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis by the freshwater mussel Alathyria condola." Toxicon 33, no. 5 (May 1995): 667–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(94)00180-g.

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24

Velzeboer, Renate M. A., Peter D. Baker, and Joanna Rositano. "Saxitoxins associated with the growth of the cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis (Nostocales, Cyanophyta) under varying sources and concentrations of nitrogen." Phycologia 40, no. 3 (May 2001): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-40-3-305.1.

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25

Maier, Holger R., Michael D. Burch, and Myriam Bormans. "Flow management strategies to control blooms of the cyanobacterium,Anabaena circinalis, in the River Murray at Morgan, South Australia." Regulated Rivers: Research & Management 17, no. 6 (2001): 637–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rrr.623.

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26

Al-Tebrineh, Jamal, Troco Kaan Mihali, Francesco Pomati, and Brett A. Neilan. "Detection of Saxitoxin-Producing Cyanobacteria and Anabaena circinalis in Environmental Water Blooms by Quantitative PCR." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 23 (October 8, 2010): 7836–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00174-10.

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ABSTRACT Saxitoxins (STXs) are carbamate alkaloid neurotoxins produced by marine “red tide” dinoflagellates and several species of freshwater filamentous cyanobacteria, including Anabaena circinalis, Aphanizomenon spp., Lyngbya wollei, and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii. A specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) method based on SYBR green chemistry was developed to quantify saxitoxin-producing Anabaena circinalis cyanobacteria, which are major bloom-forming freshwater cyanobacteria. The aim of this study was to infer the potential toxigenicity of samples by determining the copy number of a unique and unusual polyketide synthase (PKS) sequence (sxtA) in the STX biosynthesis gene cluster identified in cyanobacteria. Our qPCR approach was applied to water samples collected from different Australian lakes, dams, and rivers. The STX concentration and cyanobacterial cell density of these blooms were also determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and microscopic cell counting, respectively. STX concentrations correlated positively with STX gene copy numbers, indicating that the latter can be used as a measure of potential toxigenicity in Anabaena circinalis and possibly other cyanobacterial blooms. The qPCR method targeting STX genes can also be employed for both monitoring and ecophysiological studies of toxic Anabaena circinalis blooms and potentially several other STX-producing cyanobacteria.

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27

Watanabe, Ryuichi, Toshiyuki Suzuki, and Yasukatsu Oshima. "Preparation of Calibration Standards of N1-H Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Analogues by Large-Scale Culture of Cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis (TA04)." Marine Drugs 9, no. 3 (March 22, 2011): 466–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md9030466.

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28

Llewellyn, L. E., A. P. Negri, J. Doyle, P. D. Baker, E. C. Beltran, and B. A. Neilan. "Radioreceptor Assays for Sensitive Detection and Quantitation of Saxitoxin and Its Analogues from Strains of the Freshwater Cyanobacterium,Anabaena circinalis." Environmental Science & Technology 35, no. 7 (April 2001): 1445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es001575z.

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29

Tsuchiya, Shigeki, Yuko Cho, Keiichi Konoki, Kazuo Nagasawa, Yasukatsu Oshima, and Mari Yotsu-Yamashita. "Synthesis and identification of proposed biosynthetic intermediates of saxitoxin in the cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis (TA04) and the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense (Axat-2)." Org. Biomol. Chem. 12, no. 19 (2014): 3016–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ob00071d.

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30

Steenhauer, Lisa M., Peter C. Pollard, Corina P. D. Brussaard, and Christin Säwström. "Lysogenic infection in sub-tropical freshwater cyanobacteria cultures and natural blooms." Marine and Freshwater Research 65, no. 7 (2014): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf13094.

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Lysogeny has been reported for a few freshwater cyanobacteria cultures, but it is unknown how prevalent it is in freshwater cyanobacteria in situ. Here we tested for lysogeny in (a) cultures of eight Australian species of subtropical freshwater cyanobacteria; (b) seven strains of one species: Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii; and (c) six cyanobacterial blooms in drinking water reservoirs in South East Queensland, Australia. Lysogenic infection in the cyanobacteria was induced through mitomycin C addition. By measuring the decline in host cell numbers and the concomitant increase in cyanophages over the course of the experiment, we observed lysogenic infection in five of the eight species of cyanobacteria (i.e. Nodularia spumigena, Anabaena circinalis, Anabaenopsis arnoldii, Aphanizomenon ovalisporum, Microcystis botrys, Microcystis aeruginosa, C. raciborskii and Anabaena spp., and in four of the seven strains of C. raciborskii) but only in two of the six natural cyanobacteria blooms. Lysogeny dominated laboratory culture strains whereas in natural blooms of cyanobacteria few species were lysogenic (i.e. not mitomycin C inducible). Thus, lysogenic laboratory cultures may not necessarily reflect the genetics nor the physiology of a natural cyanobacterial population, and more information on both forms is needed to understand better how cyanobacteria behave and exist in their natural habitat.

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31

Baker, Peter D. "Role of akinetes in the development of cyanobacterial populations in the lower Murray River, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 50, no. 3 (1999): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf98090.

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Planktonic populations and benthic resting stages (akinetes) of the common bloom-forming cyanobacteria Anabaena circinalis Rabenhorst and Anabaena flos-aquae f. flos-aquae (Lyngb.) Komárek were monitored in the Murray River near Nildottie and in adjacent floodplain wetlands (lagoons) from 1995 to 1997, to determine the extent of sporulation and the contribution of recruitment from the sediments to seasonal development of blooms. Physical and chemical characteristics of the water in the river and the lagoons were examined in relation to the succession of key life-cycle stages and growth. The warm, shallow lagoons supported considerably higher populations of Anabaena in the summer than did the river, with correspondingly higher incidence of sporulation. Viable akinetes were abundant in the sediments of both the river channel and the lagoons, providing a potentially significant inoculum for cyanobacterial growth. The apparent germination of akinetes early in summer and immediately following sporulation in mid summer indicated a strategy for both initiation and maintenance of populations. A. circinalis also persisted as a planktonic population throughout winter. Germination is considered more likely to occur in the shallow lagoons than in the main channel, principally because of frequent resuspension of sediments containing resting stages to the euphotic zone or because of direct penetration of light to the sediments.

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32

Bowling, L. "Occurrence and possible causes of a severe cyanobacterial bloom in Lake Cargelligo, New South Wales." Marine and Freshwater Research 45, no. 5 (1994): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9940737.

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Although smaller cyanobacterial blooms had occurred in Lake Cargelligo in previous summers, a severe bloom of Anabaena circinalis occurred in the lake in November 1990. Cell numbers exceeded 100 000 cells m L -1 , and toxicity tests revealed the bloom to be highly hepatotoxic. This resulted in the first known closure of a town water supply due to cyanobacteria in New South Wales. Blooms of Microcystis aeruginosa, Aphanizomenon issatschenkoi, Oscillatoria rnougeotii and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii also occurred in the lake at similar very high cell numbers during the summer and autumn of 1990-91. All five species persisted until May 1991, although there was no detectable toxicity from January onwards. Severe flooding in the Lachlan River valley upstream of Lake Cargelligo during the winter of 1990 led to nutrient enrlched inflows to the lake. These elevated nutrient concentrations would have been a major factor contributing to the bloom. However, other physico-chemical factors were also suitable for cyanobacterial growth.

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33

Dixon, M. B., Y. Richard, L. Ho, C. W. K. Chow, B. K. O'Neill, and G. Newcombe. "Integrated membrane systems incorporating coagulation, activated carbon and ultrafiltration for the removal of toxic cyanobacterial metabolites from Anabaena circinalis." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 7 (April 1, 2011): 1405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.318.

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The use of integrated membrane systems (a train of treatment processes incorporating one or more membranes) is increasing globally as the technology is very effective for the production of high quality drinking water. In this investigation a laboratory scale integrated membrane system (IMS) featuring coagulation, powdered activated carbon (PAC) and ultrafiltration (UF) was investigated for the removal of an Australian strain of the cyanobacteria Anabaena circinalis and the cyanotoxin it produced. Three coagulants were compared, aluminium chlorohydrate (ACH), aluminium sulphate (alum) and an engineered aluminium coagulant referred to as high performance aluminium chlorohydrate (HPAC). PAC (Acticarb PS1000) was tested to determine adsorption of extracellular saxitoxin. Removal of A. circinalis cells was 100% by UF alone and the removal of cells prior to the membrane by coagulation reduced fouling attributed to algogenic organic material. Alum was the least efficient coagulant for removal of cells while ACH and HPAC were similar. Saxitoxin removal reached a maximum of 80% using ACH and PAC. The UF-IMS was challenged using a natural bloom of A. circinalis that occurred in the Myponga Reservoir in South Australia.

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Baker, Judith A., Barrie Entsch, Brett A. Neilan, and David B. McKay. "Monitoring Changing Toxigenicity of a Cyanobacterial Bloom by Molecular Methods." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 12 (December 2002): 6070–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.12.6070-6076.2002.

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ABSTRACT Cyanobacterial blooms are potential health hazards in water supply reservoirs. This paper reports analyses of a cyanobacterial bloom by use of PCR-based methods for direct detection and identification of strains present and determination of their toxigenicity. Serial samples from Malpas Dam, in the New England region of Australia, were analyzed during a prolonged, mixed cyanobacterial bloom in the summer of 2000 to 2001. Malpas Dam has been shown in the past to have toxic blooms of Microcystis aeruginosa that have caused liver damage in the human population drinking from this water supply reservoir. Cyanobacterial genera were detected at low cell numbers by PCR amplification of the phycocyanin intergenic spacer region between the genes for the β and α subunits. The potential for microcystin production was determined by PCR amplification of a gene in the microcystin biosynthesis pathway. The potential for saxitoxin production was determined by PCR amplification of a region of the 16S rRNA gene of Anabaena circinalis strains. Toxicity of samples was established by mouse bioassay and high-pressure liquid chromatography. We show that bloom components can be identified and monitored for toxigenicity by PCR more effectively than by other methods such as microscopy and mouse bioassay. We also show that toxigenic strains of Anabaena and Microcystis spp. occur at this site and that, over the course of the bloom, the cell types and toxicity changed. This work demonstrates that PCR detection of potential toxicity can enhance the management of a significant public health hazard.

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Thompson, P. A., A. M. Waite, and K. McMahon. "Dynamics of a cyanobacterial bloom in a hypereutrophic, stratified weir pool." Marine and Freshwater Research 54, no. 1 (2003): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf02060.

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In summer 1997–1998, a bloom of the cyanobacteria Anabaena circinalis (Rabenhorst) and Anabaena spiroides (Klebahn) contaminated the Canning River (Perth, WA), forcing its closure to the public for swimming and fishing. We investigated the major nutrient fluctuations before, during and after the bloom. The river was persistently temperature stratified at least 1 month prior to the bloom. The surface and bottom layers of water had distinctly different nutrient concentrations, which meant that biomass and growth rates of the phytoplankton within each layer were limited by different nutrients. At the peak of the bloom, in the bottom waters growth rates were light limited and biomass was nitrogen limited, whereas in the surface waters biomass was controlled by phosphorus (P) availability and growth rates were probably limited by the lack of dissolved inorganic carbon. Another consequence of stratification was that, at the peak of the bloom (0.25 mg chlorophyll L−1), the mostly buoyant cyanobacteria could not access 83% of the P released from sediments during the summer period of anoxia. In this situation, the injection of oxygenated water, tested as a remediation measure for algal blooms, is likely to exacerbate a bloom by providing more of the limiting nutrient to the surface layer. However, aeration prior to the bloom may reduce P release from the sediments by preventing anoxia.

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Han, Mengqi, Chenchen Dong, Siqi Ma, Cui Feng, Chengqiang Lei, Zemao Gu, and Xiangjiang Liu. "Food Web Responses to a Cyanobacterial Bloom in a Freshwater Eutrophic Lake." Water 13, no. 9 (May 5, 2021): 1296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091296.

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The microbial food web is an important part in aquatic ecosystem, but studies on the microbial food web in freshwater ecosystem, especially in freshwater eutrophic lakes, still need further investigation. In the present study, using eutrophic Lake Nanhu as model, the community changes of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and bacteria between the bloom and non-bloom period were analyzed, and microzooplankton grazing experiments were also conducted to measure the grazing pressure and selectivity of microzooplankton on phytoplankton community. Phytoplankton community in Lake Nanhu was mainly dominated by Cyanophyta (49.44%), especially Anabaena circinalis and Microcystis flos-aquae, during bloom period. Rotifers were the main components of zooplankton in Lake Nanhu (44.15%), Brachionus calyciflorus and Moina macrocopa were the most dominant zooplankton in the non-bloom and bloom period, respectively. Bacteroidetes showed significantly higher mean proportion in bloom period than that in non-bloom period (p < 0.001). The growth rates of phytoplankton ranged from −1.00 d−1 to 1.29 d−1, while grazing rates of microzooplankton ranged from −1.15 d−1 to 1.05 d−1. Results indicated that microzooplankton could respond quickly to the increase of phytoplankton during bloom period. Meanwhile, microzooplankton showed grazing preference on Cyanophyta and Cryptophyta during bloom period and non-bloom period, respectively. The microzooplankton grazing selectivity during bloom period might depend on phytoplankton community composition.

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Islam, Md Ashraful, and John Beardall. "Effects of Temperature on The UV‐B Sensitivity of Toxic Cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa CS558 and Anabaena circinalis CS537." Photochemistry and Photobiology 96, no. 4 (April 10, 2020): 936–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/php.13214.

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Negri, Andrew P., Gary J. Jones, Susan I. Blackburn, Yasukatsu Oshima, and Hideyuki Onodera. "EFFECT OF CULTURE AND BLOOM DEVELOPMENT AND OF SAMPLE STORAGE ON PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONS IN THE CYANOBACTERIUM ANABAENA CIRCINALIS1." Journal of Phycology 33, no. 1 (February 1997): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1997.00026.x.

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Zapomelova, E., D. Hisem, K. Rehakova, P. Hrouzek, J. Jezberova, J. Komarkova, J. Korelusova, and P. Znachor. "Experimental comparison of phenotypical plasticity and growth demands of two strains from the Anabaena circinalis/A. crassa complex (cyanobacteria)." Journal of Plankton Research 30, no. 11 (July 16, 2008): 1257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbn081.

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McCausland, Malcolm A., Peter A. Thompson, and Susan I. Blackburn. "The effect of changes in light availability caused by mixing on the growth of Anabaena circinalis (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria) and Aulacoseira sp. (Centrales, Bacillariophyceae)." Phycologia 40, no. 6 (November 2001): 530–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-40-6-530.1.

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"Viability of akinetes of the planktonic cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences 234, no. 1276 (August 23, 1988): 283–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1988.0049.

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The viability of akinetes of the planktonic isolate Anabaena circinalis was examined in controlled laboratory experiments. Akinetes are distinctly more resistant than vegetative cells to a variety of extreme physical, chemical and biotic influences. They appear to be well protected against the effects of antimicrobial agents and are superior in tolerating longer exposures to most digestive enzymes tested. Akinetes of this cyanobacterium, however, are as susceptible as vegetative cells to certain exposures, like desiccation or ultraviolet radiation. The respiratory activity of akinetes is greatly effected by temperature as well as by exposure to light, and hence their viability is enhanced by storage at low temperature in the dark anaerobic lake sediments. The mass production of akinetes seems to be important for counterbalancing the many potential losses suffered through various environmental hazards.

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Abobaker, Hanan M., and Hamida EL Elsalhin. "Antibacterial Activity of Anabaena circinalis Isolated from Fresh Water." Journal of Advances in Microbiology, March 26, 2019, 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2019/v15i330103.

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Cultures of the blue green algae (cyanobacteria) Anabaena circinalis were identified and isolated from freshwater and their antimicrobial effect was studied. The extract of A. circinalis was tested to investigate its efficiency against four bacterial strains (Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae. Antimicrobial test was determined by disk diffusion method. Different concentrations of algal extracts (25, 50, 75 and 100%) were tested. Results showed that the highest level of antimicrobial activity was recorded against S. dysenteriae at 100% concentration followed by 25% extract concentration against the same bacteria. In comparison with two antibiotics Ampicillin (AMP), oxacilina (OXA), AMP was the most effective on S. dysenteriae followed by OXA. S. aureus and E. coli were resistant to both antibiotics while they were sensitive to A. circinalis extracts at even at low concentrations (25% and 50%). Thus the present study revealed that extracts of A. circinalis extract is would be a promising natural source, for novel antibiotics, hence worthy for more investigations.

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Florea, Kyra M., J. Cameron Thrash, and Eric A. Webb. "Metagenome-Assembled Genome Sequence of Dolichospermum circinale Strain Clear-D4, Assembled from a Harmful Cyanobacterial Bloom Enrichment Culture." Microbiology Resource Announcements 9, no. 49 (December 3, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mra.01123-20.

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ABSTRACT Dolichospermum circinale (formerly Anabaena circinale) is a significant harmful algal bloom species. We report the draft metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) for a strain of D. circinale (Clear-D4) obtained from an enrichment culture. The genome sequence comprises 5,029,933 bp in 560 contigs with a GC content of 37%.

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Burjus, Sanaa J., Ibrahim S. Alsaadawi, and Francis O. Janno. "Effects of Some Cyanophyta Along with the Reduced Levels of Chemical Fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Wheat." Iraqi Journal of Science, November 28, 2020, 2849–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2020.61.11.8.

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The present work was conducted in the fields of Al-Sewarah and Kurkok stations which belong to the State Board of Agricultural Researches, Ministry of Agriculture, Iraq during the growing season of 2018. The goal of the study was to test the effects of the application of cyanobacteria (Anabaena circinalis and Nostoc commune) alone or in combination with reducing the dose of chemical fertilizers (CFs), which consisted of diammonium phosphate (DAP) and urea (46% nitrogen), on growth, yield and yield components of wheat cv. IPA99. Application of 50% and 100% of CFs without cyanobacteria as well as control (without cyanobacteria and CFs) were also included in this study for comparison. The results indicated that the use of wheat grains coated with compost amended with cyanobacteria, grains coated with compost, and foliar spray with cyanobacteria did not change yield, yield components and most of growth parameters tested in both stations. However, application of 50% CFs along with the treatments that included either the coating of grains with compost amended with cyanobacteria or the foliar spray with cyanobacteria extract resulted in grains yield, yield components, biological yield, harvest index, and test growth parameters similar to those achieved by the recommended dose of CFs. This study suggests that this approach can be applied to reduce the input of chemical fertilizers into the field and thereby reducing the cost and pollution of agroecosystem.

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"Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Toxic and Non-Toxic Strains of the Cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena circinalis in Relation to Light." Microorganisms 5, no. 3 (August 4, 2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms5030045.

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Sarkar, Aratrika, Ravikumar Rajarathinam, and Ranganathan Budhi Venkateshan. "A comparative assessment of growth, pigment and enhanced lipid production by two toxic freshwater cyanobacteria Anabaena circinalis FSS 124 and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii FSS 127 under various combinations of nitrogen and phosphorous inputs." Environmental Science and Pollution Research, November 27, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11754-4.

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