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Traub, Hermann, and Wolfgang Pfleiderer. "Pteridines CX." Pteridines 10, no. 3 (August 1999): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pteridines.1999.10.3.79.
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Summary A series of new 6-substituted 2,4-diaminopteridines (3-23) and pterins (26-43) have been synthesized by nucleophilic displacement reactions at the side chain of 6-bromomethyl-2,4-diaminopteridine (2) and 6- bromomethylpterin (25) using various types of 0-, N- and S-nucleophiles. Acid and base hydrolyses allow easy conversion of the 2,4-diaminopteridines (3-5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 19-21 and 23) into the corresponding pterins (26-32, 39-42). Acylations take place at the amino as well as at the functional groups in the side chain (44-46). A versatile protection of the amino group in pterins is its transformation into the N ,N -dimethylaminomethylcnimino function by amide-acetals (47, 50) allowing subsequently selective acylations at the side chain (48, 49).
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Itahana, K., Y. Morikazu, and T. Takeya. "Differential expression of four connexin genes, Cx-26, Cx-30.3, Cx-32, and Cx-43, in the porcine ovarian follicle." Endocrinology 137, no. 11 (November 1996): 5036–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo.137.11.8895378.
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Khan, Humayun Reza, Md Muzahidul Islam, Tangin Akter, Md Rezaul Karim, and Md Sheik Farid. "Diversity of mosquitoes and their seasonal fluctuation in two wards of Dhaka city." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 23, no. 1 (August 3, 2014): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v23i1.19822.
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The diversity and seasonal fluctuation of mosquitoes were studied in the two Wards (No. 53 and 54) of Dhaka City from March, 2011 to February, 2012. Eleven habitats under six spots, viz. Ramna Park, Hatir Jheel, Siddeshwary field, Moghbazar pond, Wireless lane and Indoor habitats were surveyed. Altogether 13 species of mosquitoes were identified belonging to four genera and these were Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx. gelidus, Cx. vishnui, Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. hutchinsoni, Cx. fatigans, Mansonia annulifera, Mn. uniformis, Mn. indiana, Aedes aegypti, Ae. Albopictus and Armigeres subalbatus. Seven species, e.g. Cx. gelidus, Cx. vishnui, Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Mn. uniformis, Mn. annulifera and Mn. indiana were dominant in the months from June to October; three species, e.g. Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti from November to February; and nine species, e.g. Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Ar. subalbatus, Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. gelidus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. vishnui and Mn. annulifera from March to May. Cx. quinquefasciatus was present in all habitats except the fresh water lake. In semi?polluted Jheel, all the mosquito species, except Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Mn. indiana were observed. In coconut shell, larvae belonging to Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. fuscocephala, Ae. aegypti and Ar. subalbatus were observed. In tree holes, Ae. albopictus occupied the highest number. In tubs, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. vishnui, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were found. In polluted drains, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. vishnui and Cx. gelidus were common, but Cx. quinquefasciatus was the dominant one. In indoor habitat, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti were more abundant. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v23i1.19822 Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 23(1): 17-26, 2014
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Borchers, Moritz. "Stichwort: CX-01." InFo Hämatologie + Onkologie 22, no. 7-8 (July 27, 2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15004-019-6609-7.
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Iizumi, Sakura, Atsuo Takashima, Kentaro Sakamaki, Satoshi Morita, and Narikazu Boku. "Survival impact of post-progression chemotherapy (post-Cx) in advanced gastric cancer (AGC): Systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2018): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.4_suppl.130.
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130 Background: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the survival impact of post-Cx after first-line chemotherapy (1st-line Cx) and second-line chemotherapy (2nd-line Cx) for AGC. Methods: Phase III trials published in English between 2005 and 2015 or presented at annual meetings of ASCO or ESMO between 2013 and 2015 were searched. No. of patients, types of chemotherapy, and patient characteristics, proportion of post-Cx use (post-Cx%), median progression free survival (mPFS), and median overall survival (mOS) of each treatment arm were surveyed; trials not reporting these were excluded from the study. Median post-progression survival (mPPS) was calculated as difference between mOS and mPFS. Weighted Spearman's correlation coefficients between post-Cx% and survival outcomes (mOS and mPPS) were calculated. The effect of post-Cx% on survival outcomes adjusted for the types of chemotherapy and patient characteristics was evaluated by meta-regressions. Results: Overall, 25 trials were selected: 15 with 31 arms for 1st-line Cx, and 10 with 16 arms for 2nd-line Cx. Weighted Spearman's correlation coefficients between post-Cx% and mOS/mPPS were 0.520/0.739 for 1st-line Cx, and 0.767/0.823 for 2nd-line Cx, respectively. Meta-regression analysis adjusting for types of chemotherapy, age and PS, showed that 10% increase in post-Cx% was associated with prolongation of mOS by 1.033 months for 1st-line Cx and 0.34 months for 2nd-line Cx. Conclusions: Post-Cx% after 2nd-line Cx are correlated with mPPS and mOS as well as 1st-line Cx, suggesting a survival benefit of 3rd-line Cx. [Table: see text]
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Forattini, Oswaldo Paulo, Almério de Castro Gomes, Iná Kakitani, and Daniel Marucci. "Observações sobre domiciliação de mosquitos Culex (Melanoconion), em ambiente com acentuadas modificações antrópicas." Revista de Saúde Pública 25, no. 4 (August 1991): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89101991000400004.
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Estudam-se alguns aspectos do comportamento de espécies de Culex (Melanoconion) em ambiente antrópico intensamente modificado. Foram realizadas coletas mensais de adultos, concomitantes e levadas a efeito no peridomicílio, em área aberta e em área coberta por vegetação de segunda formação. Foram focalizadas as espécies dominantes e representadas por Cx. delpontei, Cx. ocossa, Cx. ribeirensis, Cx. sacchettae e Cx. taeniopus. No peridomicílio, destacam-se pela regularidade de sua presença, Cx. ribeirensis e Cx. sacchettae, incluindo apreciável comparecimento às coletas com isca humana ali realizadas. A época de maior rendimento das capturas correspondeu ao primeiro trimestre, em especial modo, ao mês de março. Aliado a esse aspecto, Cx. ribeirensis e Cx. sacchettae revelaram apreciável freqüência à isca humana. Em relação a esta, o menor comparecimento foi apresentado por Cx. delpontei e Cx. ocossa. Quanto a Cx. taeniopus, compareceu de maneira um tanto irregular e em número geralmente inferior ao dos demais. As observações evidenciaram curva de atividade aumentando rapidamente por ocasião do início da noite e mantendo-se durante todo o período noturno, apresentada por Cx. ribeirensis, Cx. sacchettae e Cx. taeniopus. O outro tipo de curva foi observado com Cx. delpontei e Cx. ocossa, com aumento gradual na primeira metade da noite, alcançando o máximo ao redor da meia-noite, e declinando sensivelmente na segunda metade do período. As coletas de formas imaturas permitiram evidenciar criadouros de Cx. delpontei em cursos de água de porte médio ou grande, e associados à vegetação aquática flutuante. São feitas considerações de ordem ecológica passíveis de interpretar esses comportamentos de interesse epidemiológico.
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Rossi, Gustavo Carlos. "Annotated checklist, distribution, and taxonomic bibliography of the mosquitoes (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae) of Argentina." Check List 11, no. 4 (August 9, 2015): 1712. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.4.1712.
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A decade and a half have passed since the last publication of the mosquito distribution list in Argentina. During this time several new records have been added, and taxonomic modifications have occurred at the genus and subgenus level. Therefore, considering these changes, I decided to create an updated list of the 242 species present in Argentina, along with their distributions by province. Two first records for Argentina (Culex lopesi and Cx. vaxus), two old records unregistered by authors (Cx. albinensis and Wyeomyia fuscipes), 13 new provincial records for 11 species (Cx. apicinus, Cx. bidens, Cx. eduardoi, Cx. lahillei, Cx. pipiens, Cx. tatoi, Cx. usquatus, Cx. imitator, Cx. oedipus, Sabethes chloropterus, and Wy. oblita), and the extension of distribution of other species are presented. The list of literature references for the documents concerning mosquitos is included.
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Portunasari, Wulan Dwi, Endang Srimurni Kusmintarsih, and Edy Riwidiharso. "Survei Nyamuk Culex spp. sebagai Vektor Filariasis di Desa Cisayong, Kecamatan Cisayong, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya." Biosfera 33, no. 3 (August 27, 2017): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.mib.2016.33.3.361.
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Filariasis limfatik merupakan penyakit disebabkan oleh cacing filaria Wuchereria brancofti, Brugia malayi, dan Brugia timori yang menyerang saluran dan kelenjar getah bening. Cx. quinquefasciatus merupakan vektor filariasis bancrofti di daerah urban. Kecamatan Cisayong endemis filariasis dengan Microfilaria rate >1%. Eliminasi filariasis di Indonesia ditetapkan dua pilar kegiatan yaitu pemberian obat massal pencegahan filariasis (POMP filariasis) di daerah endemis dan pengendalian vektor. Pengendalian vektor dan potensi vektor dalam penularan filariasis dapat diketahui melalui berbagai hal diantaranya dengan mengetahui spesies Culex, infection rate, parity rate dan kepadatan larva Culex.Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengetahui spesies nyamuk Culex, infection rate, parity rate, dan kepadatan larva nyamuk Culex. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode survei dengan teknik cluster sampling. Kelompok (Cluster) dalam penelitian ini yaitu RT berjumlah 39 RT yang ada di Desa Cisayong. Penangkapan sampel nyamuk dilakukan di 9 kelompok (RT) yang terpilih. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada malam hari pukul 18.00-00.00 WIB. Hasil penelitan menujukkan bahwa spesies Culex yang ditangkap di Desa Cisayog diantaranya Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. hutchinsoni , Cx. sitien , Cx. vishnui , Cx. pseudovishnui , Cx. tritaeniorhynchus dan Cx. gelidus, infection rate 0%, sementara itu, parity rate Cx. quinquefasciatus 66%, Cx. hutchinsoni 17%, Cx. sitien 68%, Cx. vishnui 55%, Cx. pseudovishnui 21%, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus 53%, dan Cx. gelidus 54%. Kepadatan larva Culex sp. yaitu 3,38/cidukan.
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Ishikawa, Masashi, Atsuo Takashima, Yusuke Nagata, Ryoichi Sawada, Masahiko Aoki, Hiroshi Imazeki, Hidekazu Hirano, et al. "Tumor growth rate during re-challenge chemotherapy with previously used agents as salvage treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: A retrospective study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 24, 2021): e0257551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257551.
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Background In clinical practice, the same chemotherapeutic agents are occasionally reused (re-challenge) after failure of all available standard chemotherapy options for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, the benefits of re-challenge chemotherapy (Re-Cx) are unclear. This retrospective study evaluated the efficacy of Re-Cx, focusing on the tumor growth rate (TGR). Methods The study included mCRC patients with measurable lesions who received Re-Cx from November 2011 to October 2018 at National Cancer Center Hospital. Re-Cx was defined as re-administration of agents which had been used in prior lines of chemotherapy and discontinued due to disease progression. We compared the TGR immediately after initiating Re-Cx regimens with that observed at the time of disease progression during prior chemotherapy (Prior-Cx) immediately before Re-Cx. Results Of the 25 patients who received Re-Cx, five patients received two Re-Cx regimens. Therefore, a total of 30 cases of Re-Cx were analyzed in this study. The regimens of Re-Cx were oxaliplatin based (19 cases), irinotecan based (8 cases), and others (3 cases). Although the objective response rate to Re-Cx was 0%, the disease control rate was 60% (18 cases), and 40% (12 cases) showed some tumor shrinkage. We compared the effects of Re-Cx and Prior-Cx by the TGR and found that the TGR of Re-Cx was slower than that recorded in Prior-Cx in 26 of 30 cases (87%). In particular, the ratio of% TGR <0, which indicates tumor shrinkage, was obtained in 13 of 30 cases (43.3%). The median progression-free survival and overall survival after Re-Cx were 3.8 and 6.57 months, respectively. Conclusion We found that Re-Cx may have some anti-tumor efficacy as salvage treatment for mCRC and these results also suggested the clinical benefits of Re-Cx.
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SIMSAA, MISHKAT A. A., RALPH E. HARBACH, ALAA M. ALI ALMALIK, ELSHEIMA M. AHMED, ALWIA A. EISA, ASIA H. MOHAMED, and RASHA S. AZRAG. "Culex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) recorded along the Nile River in central and northern Sudan, with a key for the identification of all species of the genus known to occur in the country." Zootaxa 4963, no. 3 (April 20, 2021): 401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4963.3.1.
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Despite the importance of Culex species as major vectors of Rift Valley fever virus, West Nile virus and the microfilariae that cause lymphatic filariasis, information on these mosquitoes in Sudan is limited to works published 65 years ago in the former Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, where some species were only recorded from areas of the territory now known as South Sudan. In this paper, we provide updated information on Culex mosquitoes collected indoors during surveillance studies conducted along the Nile River in central and northern areas of Sudan between 2012 and 2019. Of 3,411 female mosquitoes collected in Khartoum and northern states along the river, 2,560 (75%) were specimens of Culex belonging to 12 species: Cx. (Culex) antennatus (Becker, 1903), Cx. (Cux.) laticinctus Edwards, 1913, Cx. (Cux.) neavei Theobald, 1906, Cx. (Cux.) pipiens Linnaeus, 1758, Cx. (Cux.) perexiguus Theobald, 1903, Cx. (Cux.) poicilipes (Theobald, 1903), Cx. (Cux.) quinquefasciatus Say, 1823, Cx. (Cux.) simpsoni Theobald, 1905, Cx. (Cux.) sinaiticus Kirkpatrick, 1925, Cx. (Cux.) theileri Theobald, 1903, Cx. (Cux.) tritaeniorhynchus Giles, 1901 and Cx. (Culiciomyia) macfiei Edwards, 1923. This is the first record for Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. macfiei in central Sudan. The relative abundance of each species varied in different areas and seasons, but Cx. antennatus and Cx. quinquefasciatus were the most abundant indoor resting species. We provide an updated dichotomous key for the identification of the adults of Culex mosquitoes known to occur in the Republic of the Sudan.
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Shrestha, Monica, Ishan Gautam, and Ranjana Gupta. "Study on Culex Mosquitoes of Bhelukhel, Bode and Tathali of Bhaktapur District, Nepal." Journal of Natural History Museum 28 (December 19, 2015): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v28i0.14187.
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An entomological study was carried out in Bhelukhel, Bode and Tathali of Bhaktapur district to compare fluctuation in population size of Culex mosquitoes in relation to relative humidity and temperature. Mosquitoes were collected during July-December 2012 around the pig enclosures and cattle sheds by means of dark activated rechargeable CDC light trap. The study resulted 73.41% of Culex mosquitoes out of the total mosquitoes collected (884). Total eleven species of Culexmosquitoes were recorded namely Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. gelidus, Cx. vishnui, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. edwardsi, Cx. hutchnsoni, Cx. whitei and Cx.whitmorei. Distribution of Culexspecies was abundant in July and August. Cx. quinquefasciatus, the principal vector of Lymphaticfilariasis (LF) was recorded to be the most dominant species in all the three sites. Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, the principal Japanese encephalitis (JE) vector was collected in higher number during August from Tathali and Bode site and during July from Bhelukhel site. Significant variation was not observed in abundance of Culex mosquito in three study sites in six different months.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 28, 2014: 118-126
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Ye, Frank B., Akil Hamza, Tejomayee Singh, Stephane Flibotte, Philip Hieter, and Nigel J. O’Neil. "A Multimodal Genotoxic Anticancer Drug Characterized by Pharmacogenetic Analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans." Genetics 215, no. 3 (May 15, 2020): 609–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.120.303169.
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New anticancer therapeutics require extensive in vivo characterization to identify endogenous and exogenous factors affecting efficacy, to measure toxicity and mutagenicity, and to determine genotypes that result in therapeutic sensitivity or resistance. We used Caenorhabditis elegans as a platform with which to characterize properties of the anticancer therapeutic CX-5461. To understand the processes that respond to CX-5461-induced damage, we generated pharmacogenetic profiles for a panel of C. elegans DNA replication and repair mutants with common DNA-damaging agents for comparison with the profile of CX-5461. We found that multiple repair pathways, including homology-directed repair, microhomology-mediated end joining, nucleotide excision repair, and translesion synthesis, were needed for CX-5461 tolerance. To determine the frequency and spectrum of CX-5461-induced mutations, we used a genetic balancer to capture CX-5461-induced mutations. We found that CX-5461 is mutagenic, resulting in both large copy number variations and a high frequency of single-nucleotide variations (SNVs), which are consistent with the pharmacogenetic profile for CX-5461. Whole-genome sequencing of CX-5461-exposed animals found that CX-5461-induced SNVs exhibited a distinct mutational signature. We also phenocopied the CX-5461 photoreactivity observed in clinical trials and demonstrated that CX-5461 generates reactive oxygen species when exposed to UVA radiation. Together, the data from C. elegans demonstrate that CX-5461 is a multimodal DNA-damaging anticancer agent.
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Stroh, Mark, Rachel Li, Hong Lu, Russ Wada, Jennifer Hope Richardson, John W. Frye, and Amy C. Peterson. "Preliminary clinical pharmacokinetics and dose-response to support a phase II dose selection for CX-2009: A masked probody drug conjugate to CD166." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 3599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.3599.
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3599 Background: PROBODY therapeutics are antibody prodrugs with cleavable peptide masks designed to reduce off-tumor, on-target toxicities. The mask blocks binding in the periphery and is removed by tumor-associated proteases resulting in intratumoral binding. CX-2009 is a PROBODY drug conjugate directed against CD166/ALCAM, which is a target overexpressed in carcinomas but not suitable for traditional ADC targeting because it is expressed in normal epithelium. CX-2009 is conjugated to DM4, a potent microtubule inhibitor. Here we report preliminary clinical pharmacokinetic (PK) and exploratory dose-response (DR) analyses for CX-2009 from the ongoing phase 1/2 PROCLAIM-CX-2009 study (NCT03149549). Methods: Human PK and anti-drug antibody (ADA) data were obtained at selected times post-dose following IV 0.25–10 mpk CX-2009 Q3W and of 6 mpk Q2W. Covariates were selected for population PK (POPPK) based on multivariate screening at P< 0.01. Preliminary exploratory DR analyses were conducted for selected endpoints including adverse events of special interest and response data (CR, PR, SD, and PD). Results: Preliminary CX-2009 PK data from 92 subjects were available as of October 2019. Median free DM4 levels circulated at ≤0.3% of Total CX-2009 (masked + activated CX-2009) levels across the 1–10 mpk dose levels. A two-compartment POPPK model with linear elimination was fit to the Intact (masked form) CX-2009 data. The preliminary CX-2009 POPPK model estimates for Intact CX-2009 clearance (CL), volume of distribution, and half-life were 0.47 L/day, 4.51 L, and 7.14 days, respectively, with 91% of CX-2009 circulating as Intact CX-2009. ADA was not a statistically significant covariate on Intact CX-2009 CL. Evidence of clinical activity was observed at doses of 4 mpk Q3W or higher. DR analysis suggested that the frequency of grade ≥3 ocular toxicity events increased significantly at dose equivalents ≥8 mpk Q3W. POPPK simulations suggested that the targeted 90 nM trough concentration (based on nonclinical data) would be contained within the 90% prediction interval of predicted Intact CX-2009 levels following CX-2009 7 mpk. Conclusions: Preliminary CX-2009 PK data following CX-2009 0.25-10 mpk suggest that CX-2009 circulates predominantly as Intact CX-2009, and that Intact CX-2009 PK is not strongly influenced by target-mediated drug disposition or ADA. Preliminary DR and POPPK simulations support further evaluation of 7 mpk CX-2009 Q3W in selected cohort expansions. Clinical trial information: NCT03149549 .
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Jain, Preetesh, Guilin Tang, C. Cameron Yin, Chi Young Ok, Lucy Navsaria, Maria Badillo, Wendy Chen, et al. "Complex Karyotype Is a Significant Predictor for Worst Outcomes in Patients with Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) Treated with BTK Inhibitors - Comprehensive Analysis of 396 Patients." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-137473.
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Introduction: Complex karyotype (Cx) refers to ≥3 unrelated cytogenetic abnormalities in addition to t(11;14) in MCL patients (pts). In limited pts treated with chemotherapy, pts with Cx exhibited poor outcomes compared to non-Cx group. Prognostic impact of Cx in pts treated with BTKi is unclear. We present the largest and most comprehensive analysis on the prognostic impact of Cx in MCL pts. Methods: We analyzed charts from 396 MCL pts with karyotype data. (271 were non-Cx and 125 were Cx). Karyotype status at initial MCL diagnosis was denovo (DN) while previously treated pts were secondary (S). Among Cx, n=80 pts were DN-Cx and 45 were S-Cx while in non-Cx group, 224 were DN-non-Cx and S-non-Cx were 47 pts. TP53 mutation/FISH data was available (n=134; 46 positive, 88 negative). Pt characteristics were obtained from the time of karyotype testing (at initial diagnosis in DN and at the time of testing in S group). Overall survival (OS) was calculated from test date to the last follow up and progression free survival (PFS) after first line therapy from treatment date to date of progression/death. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression modeled the risk of event and treatment response. Results: Cx pts had significant differences compared to non-Cx, including median Ki-67 (40 vs 20%), sMIPI (median 6 vs 4), poor performance status (p.s.), CNS involvement (7 vs 2%), blastoid (22 vs 7%), pleomorphic (12 vs 3%), higher LDH, WBC, ALC and β2M levels and low Hb and platelet counts, prior BTKi (35 vs 15%), TP53 positive (75 vs 17%), shorter median follow up from the test date (18 vs 33 months). Overall, 70 (56%) in Cx and 70 (26%) in non-Cx had died. Univariate analysis for OS showed, advanced age, higher values of Ki-67, WBC, LDH, β2M, MIPI scores, number of chromosomal aberrations, B symptoms, splenomegaly, CNS involvement, poor p.s., prior BTKi, blastoid/pleomorphic histology, TP53 positive status, non-responder to first line therapy and Cx (median 35 months vs 101 months in non-Cx respectively; p<0.001) to be significantly associated with shorter OS (1-A). In addition, S-Cx pts had the worst OS (median 2 months compared to 20, 13 and 55 months in DN-Cx, S-non-Cx and DN-non-Cx respectively; p<0.001) (1-B). In MVA, Cx; HR 1.83 (95% CI 1.08-3.12; p=0.02) and higher age, MIPI score, number of prior therapies, blastoid, CNS involvement, S-Cx category and non-responder to first line therapies predicted for significantly shorter OS. Due to many missing values for Ki-67% and TP53, these variables could not be fitted in model. In addition to other factors, Cx was associated with shorter PFS in univariate (median 12 vs 48 months for non-Cx; p<0.001) but not in MVA. S-Cx pts had the worst PFS (median 7 months compared to 61, 32 and 138 months in DN-Cx, S-non-Cx and DN-non-Cx respectively; p<0.001). Factors predictive for shorter PFS in the MVA, were advanced age, higher MIPI score, lines of prior therapies. Prior BTKi therapy is associated with significantly shorter PFS (2 months vs 13 months without prior BTKi; p=0.02) but not OS. Overall, Cx predicted for higher risk of not achieving CR from all different treatments - OR 3.3 (95% CI 2.01-5.14; p< 0.001). Among the 107 pts with Cx and 221 with non-Cx with available treatment data, 31 in Cx (1-C) and 101 in non-Cx were treated with BTKi with/without chemo-immunotherapy. Median PFS in both Cx and non-Cx groups was significantly longer with BTKi based therapies compared to R-HCVAD, R-Chemo and other therapies (excluding CAR-T and 1 pt with venetoclax-BTKi). PFS in S-Cx category (n=36), the worst category for survival outcomes, was not influenced by BTKi but was improved with CAR-T therapy (1-D). BTKi therapy improved PFS and OS in Cx and DN-Cx categories compared to R-HCVAD, R-chemo, other therapies (with/without SCT) but did not impact on S-Cx category with the worst outcomes. Response rate to BTKi were (92% vs 74%; p=0.01) in pts with non-Cx and Cx respectively. Conclusions: Cx pts remain a high risk MCL cohort in the BTKi era. Within Cx pts, DN-Cx had better outcomes compared to S-Cx category with the worst outcomes. Outcomes and treatment responses in non-Cx were significantly superior compared to Cx pts. CAR-T therapy holds a great promise for improving outcomes in S-Cx karyotype MCL patients. Disclosures Westin: BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Kite: Consultancy, Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Research Funding; Curis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Astra Zeneca: Consultancy, Research Funding; Morphosys: Consultancy, Research Funding; 47: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy. Nastoupil:Bayer: Honoraria; Gamida Cell: Honoraria; Gilead/KITE: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Karus Therapeutics: Research Funding; Genentech, Inc.: Honoraria, Research Funding; LAM Therapeutics: Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Honoraria, Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding. Vega:NCI: Research Funding. Flowers:Burroughs Wellcome Fund: Research Funding; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group: Research Funding; National Cancer Institute: Research Funding; V Foundation: Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bayer: Consultancy; BeiGene: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Research Funding; Millennium/Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Acerta: Research Funding; Spectrum: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics/Janssen: Consultancy; Karyopharm: Consultancy; OptumRx: Consultancy; Gilead: Consultancy, Research Funding; Genentech, Inc./F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Consultancy, Research Funding; Denovo Biopharma: Consultancy; Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas: Research Funding; Kite: Research Funding; Leukemia and Lymphoma Society: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Wang:Acerta Pharma: Research Funding; Juno: Consultancy, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel, accommodation, expenses, Research Funding; Oncternal: Consultancy, Research Funding; Lu Daopei Medical Group: Honoraria; Dava Oncology: Honoraria; Guidepoint Global: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Other: Travel, accommodation, expenses, Research Funding; BioInvent: Research Funding; InnoCare: Consultancy; OMI: Honoraria, Other: Travel, accommodation, expenses; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel, accommodation, expenses, Research Funding; VelosBio: Research Funding; Verastem: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel, accommodation, expenses, Research Funding; MoreHealth: Consultancy; Nobel Insights: Consultancy; Beijing Medical Award Foundation: Honoraria; OncLive: Honoraria; Targeted Oncology: Honoraria; Loxo Oncology: Consultancy, Research Funding; Kite Pharma: Consultancy, Other: Travel, accommodation, expenses, Research Funding; Pulse Biosciences: Consultancy; Molecular Templates: Research Funding.
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Amerasinghe, F. P. "Crepuscular biting activity of mosquitoes at Peradeniya, Sri Lanka." Journal of Tropical Ecology 4, no. 3 (August 1988): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400002832.
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ABSTRACTThirty-four spedes of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) were collected at a series of human-bait catches designed to study evening crepuscular biting activity using the Nielsen crep unit, at a site at Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Crepuscular biting profiles of seven species (Armigeres subalbatus, Aedes albopictus, Culex pseudovishnui, Cx. gelidus, Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Mansonia uniformis) were obtained. Modal periods for the onset of biting were analysed in six species: Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. gelidus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ma. uniformis. Successions in the biting peaks and in modal onset of biting were seen in these species. Analysis of biting in Ar. subalbatus and Cx. pseudovishnui under high (clear sky) and low (cloud-overcast sky) light intensities showed earlier biting in both species under the latter conditions. The value of the Nielsen crep unit in making latitudinal comparisons is illustrated in Ma. uniformis, for which parallel data are available from Africa.
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Lopes, José, and Ana L. Lozovei. "Ecologia de mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) em criadouros naturais e artificiais de área rural do Norte do Estado do Paraná, Brasil: l - Coletas ao longo do leito de ribeirão." Revista de Saúde Pública 29, no. 3 (June 1995): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89101995000300005.
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Objetivando-se conhecer as espécies de Culicidae aptas a colonizarem ambiente de um ribeirão com mata ciliar reduzida e localizado na região Sul do Brasil, foram realizadas capturas com auxílio de rede para coleta de insetos aquáticos. Foram apanhadas as seguintes espécies: Aedes crinifer, Aedomya squamipennis, Anopheles fluminensis, An. intermedius, An. albitarsis, An. argyritarsis, An. evansae, An. galvaoi, An. oswaldoi, An. strodei, An. triannulatus, Chagasia fajardi, Culex bidens, Cx. grupo coronator, Cx. eduardoi, Cx. mollis, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. coppenamensis, Cx. vaxus, Cx. grupo inhibitator, Cx. intrincatus, Cx. (Melanoconion) sp., Psorophora saeva (?) e Uranotaenia pulcherrima. Para as espécies em que foi capturada uma amostra tida como representativa, foram estudadas a distribuição ao longo da área pesquisada, a flutuação populacional e a correlação com fatores físicos do ambiente. Conclui-se da análise que massas de água orladas por mata ciliar reduzida podem funcionar como refúgio para alguns Culicidae e esta condição pode contribuir decisivamente para o processo de domiciliação de espécies deste grupo.
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Lopes, José. "Ecologia de mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) em criadouros naturais e artificiais de área rural do Norte do Estado do Paraná, Brasil. V. Coleta de larvas em recipientes artificiais instalados em mata ciliar." Revista de Saúde Pública 31, no. 4 (August 1997): 370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89101997000400006.
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INTRODUÇÃO: A utilização pelos Culicidae de recipientes contendo água para a colocação de seus ovos, em área antropogênica, pode indicar plasticidade genética que os direcione evolutivamente no sentido da domiciliação. Nesse sentido, foram coletadas as diferentes espécies de Culicidae que colonizam recipientes alocados em mata ciliar, na área rural. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram instalados recipientes de pneu, plástico, lata e bambu, em mata ciliar, em área rural no Norte do Paraná, Brasil. RESULTADOS: Coletaram-se larvas de Cx. grupo coronator, Cx. declarator, Cx. laticlasper, Cx. (Melanoconion) secção Spissipes, Cx. tatoi, Tr. compressum, Tr. pallidiventer, Ae. terrens, Cx. mollis, Cx. bigoti, Hg. leucocelaenus, Cx. eduardoi, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Li. durhamii e Toxorhynchites sp. As cinco primeiras espécies foram específicas de pneus. As duas espécies de Trichoprosopon ficaram restritas a bambu. Ae. terrens e Cx. mollis foram caletadas em pneu e bambu, Cx. bigoti foi coletada em pneu, lata e bambu, enquanto que Hg. leucocelaenus só não foi encontrada em lata. As quatro últimas espécies foram coletadas em todos os tipos de recipientes. Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. eduardoi, Li. durhamii tiveram significante flutuação populacional. CONCLUSÕES: O pneu caracterizou-se como o recipiente mais aceito pelos culicídeos. As áreas onde a mata ciliar esteve mais densa e o locais onde o solo esteve mais úmido foram os pontos com maior número de capturas. A mata ciliar, mesmo muito reduzida e alterada, foi suficiente para abrigar várias espécies de culicídeos. As espécies caputradas podem ser portadoras de plasticidade gênica que as capacitem a colonizar ambientes antropogênicos.
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Gomes, Almério de Castro, and Oswaldo Paulo Forattini. "Abrigos de mosquitos Culex (Culex) em zona rural (Diptera: Culicidae)." Revista de Saúde Pública 24, no. 5 (October 1990): 394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89101990000500007.
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As atividades antrópicas levadas a cabo em zona rural têm afetado o comportamento de mosquitos Culex (Culex), motivo pelo qual foi realizada investigação para observar seus abrigos naturais em área de pastagem, margem e interior de matas primitivas ou residuais. Foram escolhidas três localidades com características mesológicas diferenciadas pelo tipo de atividade humana, todas situadas na região do Vale do Ribeira, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. As espécies mais abundantes foram Cx. mollis (28,0%), Cx. declarator (25,0%), Cx. lygrus (13,0%) e Cx. coronator (9,6%). O conjunto Cx. Bidens + Cx. dolosus + Cx. chidesteri, de hábito mais urbanizado, foi capturado em número muito reduzido. Com relação aos ambientes pesquisados, a mata contribuiu com 2.281 indivíduos (71,4%), sugerindo ser local de abrigo preferido pelo grupo, exceto para Cx. quinquefasciatus. Avaliou-se o potencial de domiciliação de cada espécie e suas conseqüências para a população humana.
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Monajjemi, Majid, Hashem Ahmadin, Maryam Ahadi, Mehdi Imanzadeh, Naime Attarikhasraghi, Mohammad Reza Gholamhosseinzadeh, Fariba Malakian, Mostafa Rajabzadeh, and Ali R. Ilkhani. "Lithium Ion Battery Including BN Doped Graphene Electrodes." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 13, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 6680–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2016.5614.
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We have found the structure of (Cx-BN//(h-BN)n//Cx-BN) can be to improve the capacity and electrical transport in C-B-N sheets-based LIBs. Therefore, the modification of BN-G sheet and design of (Cx-BN//(h-BN)n//Cx-BN) structures provide strategies for improving the performance of material based anodes in LIBs. (Cx-BN//(h-BN)n//Cx-BN) could also be assembled into free-standing electrodes without any binder or current collector, which will lead to increased specific energy density for the overall battery design.
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Khoobdel, Mehdi, and Davoud Keshavarzi. "Survey of Usutu Virus Potential Vectors and their Diversity in Iran: A Neglected Emerging Arbovirus." Open Public Health Journal 13, no. 1 (April 24, 2020): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010114.
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Introduction: Usutu Virus (USUV) is a vector-borne flavivirus within the family of Flaviviridae; its reservoirs and vectors are birds and mosquitoes, respectively. Methods: At first, electronic databases were searched with a date range from 2000 to 2018 to find the Culex species that transmit the disease and then for determining the diversity of those, mosquito larvae were collected from six places in three main environmental categories using the dipping technique. Results: In total, 1369 specimens belonging to 10 different species were collected and identified, as follows: Cx. hortensis Ficalbi, Cx. laticinctus Edwards, Cx. mimeticus Noe, Cx. perxigus Theobald, Cx. pipiens Linnaeus, Cx. modestus Ficalbi, Cx. sinaiticus Kirkpatrick, Cx. theileri Theobald Cx. torrentium Martini and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus Giles. Four species involved as vectors of USUV in other countries are printed in bold. Cx.pipiens, as the main vector was the most frequent species in rural areas, share its larval habitats with Cx. torrentium (similarity > 0.9) and reached its peak in August. Overall, in the present study, there was a significant positive relationship between mean temperatures and abundance of mosquitoes (r = 0.75, P = 0.005). Conclusion: In the present study, some species involved as main vectors of USUV in other countries and their ecological features were recorded. Based on these results, the possibility of the emergence of USUV in Iran exists.
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Makuuchi, Rie, Toshifumi Yamaguchi, Atsuo Takashima, Kengo Nagashima, Tatsuya Yamada, Takahiro Kinoshita, Hiroaki Hata, et al. "The impact of pre-operative chemotherapy in patients with peritoneal lavage cytology positive or localized peritoneum metastasis for gastric cancer: A multicenter retrospective study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.4_suppl.95.
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95 Background: Peritoneal lavage cytology of positive and localized peritoneum metastasis of gastric cancer (GC) are defined as CY1 and P1 in the 14th edition of the Japanese Classification of GC. Patients (pts) with CY1 and/or P1 have poor prognosis after removing all macroscopically visible disease by standard gastrectomy followed by S1. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of pre-operative chemotherapy (Pre-Cx) in patients with CY1 and/or P1. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the GC pts who were diagnosed to have CY1 and/or P1 at 34 institutions participating in the Stomach Cancer Group of Japan Clinical Oncology Group between 2007 and 2012. Inclusion criteria were: no distant metastasis other than CY1 or P1, no prior treatment for GC. The subjects were divided to two groups according to treatment strategy with/without Pre-Cx before surgery. In the Pre-Cx group, status of CY and P was diagnosed by laparoscopy before and after Pre-Cx, and indication of surgical resection was decided by each physician. Results: A total of 824 pts were collected from 34 institutions. Of the 713 eligible pts, 150 pts received Pre-Cx (Pre-Cx group) and 563 pts underwent surgery followed by Cx (Post-Cx group). Proportions of P0CY1/P1CY0/P1CY1 were 69/12/19% and 69/17/14% in the Pre- and Post-Cx. Cx regimen for Pre-Cx were S1 plus cisplatin/ docetaxel and cisplatin plus S1/others (n=90/37/23). In the Pre-Cx, 57 (38%) pts who achieved P0CY0 after Pre-Cx showed better survival than the remaining 92 pts (overall survival (OS), 31.0 vs. 19.9 months (M), HR=1.99, 95% CI 1.32-2.93, p=0.001). OS was 24.8 and 24.0 M in the Pre- and Post-Cx (HR 1.07; 95% CI 0.87-1.32, p=0.502). In multivariate analysis, P1CY1, over 65 years old and clinical N3 lymph node metastasis were identified as the independent prognostic factor for OS (p<0.05). Conclusions: Although Pre-Cx showed favorable survival in case of achieving P0 and CY0, Pre-Cx did not show a survival benefit for GC pts with CY1 and /or P1.
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Bascur, Camila, and Cristian Rusu. "Customer Experience in Retail: A Systematic Literature Review." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (October 29, 2020): 7644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217644.
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The customer experience (CX) is a concept that has been closely studied by companies in recent years. This is because it is one of the most important factors in maintaining a competitive advantage. In addition, it is customers who seek to create an experience that goes beyond the acquisition of a product. In this article, we present a systematic literature review of the CX in retail. We reviewed articles published over the last ten years related to (1) the definition of the CX; (2) dimensions, attributes, and factors that influence the CX in retail; (3) methods used to evaluate the CX in retail; and (4) potential heuristics to evaluate the CX in general and, in particular, in retail. We analyzed 67 articles, and the obtained result shows that (1) multiple definitions exist in different contexts; (2) the dimensions, such as the conceptualization of the CX, vary depending on the context; (3) the evaluation methods found do not comprehensively evaluate the CX; (4) there is no evidence of heuristics used to evaluate the CX.
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Almirón, Walter R., and Mireya M. Brewer. "Preferencia de hospedadores de Culicidae (Diptera) recolectados en el centro de la Argentina." Revista de Saúde Pública 29, no. 2 (April 1995): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89101995000200004.
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Con el propósito de estudiar la preferencia de hospedadores vertebrados por mosquitos hembras, durante 2 períodos octubre-abril (primavera-verano), se realizaron muestreos cada 15 días en Córdoba y Cosquín (Argentina). Se utilizaron trampas de latón con cebo animal: anfibios (sapos), aves (pollos), mamíferos (conejos) y reptiles (tortugas). El 92,9% de los especímenes recolectados pertenecen al género Culex, mientras que un 7,0% corresponde a Aedes y el 0,02% restante a Psorophora ciliata, única especie que se capturó de ese género. En trampas con pollo se recolectó el mayor número de hembras (68,7%), siguiendo en orden las trampas con conejos (29,9%), con tortugas (0,8%) y con sapos (0,5%), por lo tanto, la mayoría de los mosquitos entraron en las trampas con hospedadores homeotermos. Culex dolosus se alimentó sobre todos los cebos, mientras que Cx. acharistus, Cx. chidesteri y Cx. quinquefasciatus se alimentaron sobre pollos, conejos y tortugas; Ae. albifasciatus, Ae. scapularis, Cx. bidens y Cx. coronator lo hicieron sobre ambos hospedadores homeotermos; Cx. apicinus, Cx. maxi, Cx. saltanensis y Cx. spinosus se alimentaron solamente sobre pollos y Ps. ciliata sobre conejos.
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De Keyser, Arne, Katrien Verleye, Katherine N. Lemon, Timothy L. Keiningham, and Philipp Klaus. "Moving the Customer Experience Field Forward: Introducing the Touchpoints, Context, Qualities (TCQ) Nomenclature." Journal of Service Research 23, no. 4 (June 2, 2020): 433–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094670520928390.
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In response to initial voices that put the customer experience (management) (CX(M)) movement into question, this article aims to introduce a formal nomenclature to push the CX(M) field toward a more mature state. First, drawing from an inductive analysis of 143 CX(M) papers, the authors identify 12 basic CX components that aggregate into three overarching building blocks—touchpoints (T, i.e., points of interaction between the customer and brand/firm), context (C, i.e., situationally available resources internal and/or external to the customer), and qualities (Q, i.e., attributes that reflect the nature of customer responses and reactions to interactions with the brand/firm). The TCQ nomenclature offers a language to make CX actionable, moving beyond the breadth of the current definition and frameworks by disentangling CX into small bite-sized chunks (i.e., the CX components) that any academic and practitioner, regardless of their discipline, may understand and use to discuss and manage CX. Second, using the TCQ nomenclature, the authors assess the current state of the CX(M) literature and identify mature (e.g., firm-controlled touchpoints and cognitive and emotional qualities associated with CX) and underdeveloped (e.g., nonfirm controlled touchpoints and the market and environmental context in which CX emerges) areas ripe for future research. In addition, they also provide a set of recommendations to strengthen the methodological rigor of the field. Third, the TCQ nomenclature may support managers in auditing their current CXM practices and/or serve as a basis for CX design and innovation.
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Shi, Wei-Li, Jun Zhao, Rong Yuan, Yan Lu, Qi-Qi Xin, Yu Liu, Wei-Hong Cong, and Ke-Ji Chen. "Combination of Ligusticum Chuanxiong and Radix Paeonia Promotes Angiogenesis in Ischemic Myocardium through Notch Signalling and Mobilization of Stem Cells." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (February 17, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7912402.
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Objective. To study the cardioprotective mechanism by which the combination of Chuanxiong (CX) and Chishao (CS) promotes angiogenesis. Methods. Myocardial infarction (MI) mouse models were induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The effects on cardiac function were evaluated in the perindopril tert-butylamine group (PB group) (3 mg/kg/d), CX group (55 mg/kg/d), CS group (55 mg/kg/d), and CX and CS combination (CX-CS) group (27.5 mg/kg/d CX plus 27.5 mg/kg/d CS). RO4929097, an inhibitor of Notch γ secretase, was used (10 mg/kg/d) to explore the role of Notch signalling in the CX-CS-induced promotion of angiogenesis in the myocardial infarcted border zone (IBZ). The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and percentage of MI area were evaluated with animal ultrasound and Masson staining. The average optical densities (AODs) of CD31 and vWF in the myocardial IBZ were detected by immunofluorescence. Angiogenesis-related proteins including hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR-1), Notch1 and Notch intracellular domain (NICD), and stem cell mobilization-related proteins including stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR-4), and cardiotrophin1 were detected by western blot analysis. Results. Compared with the model group, the CX-CS and PB groups both showed markedly improved LVEF and decreased percentage of MI area after 21 days of treatment. Although the CX group and CS group showed increased LVEF and decreased MI areas compared with the model group, the difference was not significant. The AOD of CD31 in the IBZ in both the model and the CX-CS-I group was markedly reduced compared with that in the sham group. CX-CS significantly increased the CD31 AOD in the IBZ and decreased the AODs of CD31 and vWF in the infarct zone compared with those in the model group. The expression of HIF-1α in both the model group and the CX-CS group was higher than that in the sham group. Compared with the model group, the expression of FGFR-1, SDF-1, cardiotrophin1, Notch1, and NICD was increased in the CX-CS group. Notch1 and NICD expression in the CX-CS-I group was reduced compared with that in the CX-CS group. Conclusions. The combination of CX and CS protected cardiomyocytes in the IBZ better than CX or CS alone. The mechanism by which CX-CS protects ischemic myocardium may be related to the proangiogenesis effect of CX-CS exerted through Notch signalling and the mobilization of stem cells to the IBZ.
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Scott, Claire A., and David P. Kelsell. "Key functions for gap junctions in skin and hearing." Biochemical Journal 438, no. 2 (August 12, 2011): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20110278.
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Cx (connexin) proteins are components of gap junctions which are aqueous pores that allow intercellular exchange of ions and small molecules. Mutations in Cx genes are linked to a range of human disorders. In the present review we discuss mutations in β-Cx genes encoding Cx26, Cx30, Cx30.3 and Cx31 which lead to skin disease and deafness. Functional studies with Cx proteins have given insights into disease-associated mechanisms and non-gap junctional roles for Cx proteins.
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Linares, Mario A., Magdalena Laurito, Andrés M. Visintín, Gustavo C. Rossi, Marina Stein, and Walter R. Almirón. "New mosquito records (Diptera: Culicidae) from northwestern Argentina." Check List 12, no. 4 (August 5, 2016): 1944. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.4.1944.
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The geographic distributions of Aedes casali, Ae. meprai, Culex acharistus, Cx. bidens, Cx. coronator, Cx. dolosus, Cx. saltanensis, Cx. imitator, Haemagogus janthinomys and Psorophora cyanescens are extended. This contribution updates the mosquito fauna listed for Argentina, increasing the number of species for the provinces of Jujuy, La Rioja and Santiago del Estero from 55 to 62, 22 to 25 and 25 to 26, respectively. Data on collection localities, habitat of immature stages, and health importance are also presented.
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Choi, Eun Young, Chul Sik Jang, Myung Chang Kang, and Kwang Ho Kim. "Synthesis and Characterization of Ti-Cx-N1-x Coatings Prepared by Arc Ion Plating." Solid State Phenomena 118 (December 2006): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.118.311.
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Ternary Ti-Cx-N1-x coatings were deposited on stainless steel substrates by arc ion plating (AIP) technique using Ti target at the temperature of 300 with a negative substrate bias voltage of -25 V. The carbon content in Ti-Cx-N1-x coatings linearly increased with increasing CH4/(CH4+N2) gas flow ratio at a constant arc current of 60 A. The microstructure and mechanical properties such as micro-hardness and average friction coefficient of Ti-Cx-N1-x coatings were investigated as a function of carbon content. As the carbon content in Ti-Cx-N1-x coatings increased, the microhardness values of Ti-Cx-N1-x coatings increased from 20 GPa for TiN coatings and reached the maximum value of approximately 32 GPa at x=0.52 in Ti-Cx-N1-x coatings. The variation of microhardness of Ti-Cx-N1-x coatings had a relationship with the change of residual stress. The average friction coefficient of Ti-Cx-N1-x coatings largely decreased with increasing carbon content.
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Lyman, Susan, Aung Naing, Ivan Adiputra Zein, Bruce Howng, Michael B. Winter, Olga Vasiljeva, William Garner, et al. "Evidence of intratumoral localization, activation, and immunomodulatory effect of CX-072, a probody therapeutic targeting PD-L1, in a phase I/II trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 3108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.3108.
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3108 Background: PROBODY therapeutics (Pb-Tx) are masked antibodies designed to be selectively activated in the tumor microenvironment by tumor-associated proteases and to remain largely inactive in normal tissue. CX-072, a Pb-Tx directed against PD-L1, is designed to reduce the potential for immune-associated adverse events in normal tissues while maintaining anti-tumor activity. CX-072 is being investigated in PROCLAIM-CX-072 (NCT03013491), a first-in-human phase 1/2 trial. CX-072 is administered as monotherapy or in combination with ipilimumab to patients with metastatic or recurrent solid tumors or lymphomas for which approved PD-1/-L1–based therapy is not available. We present the updated results of a tissue-based biomarker program designed to assess activation, localization, and mechanism of action of CX-072 in patient tumors. Methods: Tumor biopsies were collected during the screening phase, and also 3–5 days after the first or third dose of 0.3–30 mg/kg CX-072. Tumor-associated protease activity was measured by tissue zymography. Intratumoral CX-072 activation was measured using capillary immunoelectrophoresis, and PD-L1 levels were measured by an ultrasensitive ELISA. Intratumoral CD8 expression was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Intact and total CX-072 in plasma were measured by LC-MS/MS. Results: Twenty-six of 30 (87%) evaluable predose biopsies had detectable levels of relevant protease activity. Intratumoral activation of CX-072 was quantifiable in 3 of 8 (38%) biopsies from patients treated with CX-072 at 3 mg/kg and in 12 of 12 (100%) biopsies from patients treated with ≥10 mg/kg. In contrast, CX-072 remained predominantly in the intact form in circulation. The molar ratio of activated intratumoral CX-072 to total intratumoral PD-L1 ranged from ~14x to > 100x in patients dosed at 10 mg/kg, and the calculated tumor receptor occupancy for these patients was ≥99%, congruent with quantitative systems pharmacology model predictions. An increase in CD8+ T cells and elevation of cytotoxic T-cell markers was observed in the tumors of 11 of 18 (61%) CX-072 monotherapy patients, consistent with inhibition of the PD-L1 pathway. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the Pb-Tx CX-072 behaves as designed in patients. Clinical trial information: NCT03013491 .
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Neupane, Vaijayanti Devi, Ishan Gautam, A. S. Tamrakar, and Shambhu Raj Shrestha. "A Study of the Abundance of Some Adult Culicine Mosquitoes in Ten Villages of Chitwan District, Nepal." Journal of Natural History Museum 24 (October 9, 2009): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v24i1.2283.
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A study was carried out at 10 villages of Chitwan District of Nepal during August-September, 1997 to March- April, 1998. A total of 12 species among 1197 samples were collected. Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. gelidus, Cx. thelieri were previously reported, vector of different mosquito born diseases were recorded. Cx. quinquefasciatus was the most abundant both in post monsoon (26.90%) and pre monsoon (18.7%). Highest resting density (Human) of 9.33 was recorded in Post Monsoon at 25.75º C in Champanagar. Indoor resting density (Cattle) was highest in Suryapur at 22º C in Post Monsoon. The highest outdoor density (0.22) was at 22.5º C in Kholesimal in Pre Monsoon. Resting habit of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus & Cx. mimulus was infinitive in Post Monsoon. Key Words: Culex; JE Filariasis; Abundant; Resting habit; Chitwan. Journal of Natural History Museum Vol. 24, 2009,Page: 103-113
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Xv, Liuli, Xinxin Qian, Yan Wang, Chenghuan Yu, Dingkui Qin, Yahui Zhang, Peng Jin, and Qizhen Du. "Structural Modification of Nanomicelles through Phosphatidylcholine: The Enhanced Drug-Loading Capacity and Anticancer Activity of Celecoxib-Casein Nanoparticles for the Intravenous Delivery of Celecoxib." Nanomaterials 10, no. 3 (March 2, 2020): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10030451.
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This study aims to stabilize loaded celecoxib (CX) by modifying the structure of casein nanoparticles through phosphatidylcholine. The results show that Egg yolk phosphatidylcholine PC98T (PC) significantly increased the stability of CX-PC-casein nanoparticles (NPs) (192.6 nm) from 5 min (CX-β-casein-NPs) to 2.5 h at 37 °C. In addition, the resuspended freeze-dried NPs (202.4 nm) remained stable for 2.5 h. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that PC may block the micropore structures in nanoparticles by ultrasonic treatment and hence improve the physicochemical stability of CX-PC-casein-NPs. The stability of the NPs was positively correlated with their inhibiting ability for human malignant melanoma A375 cells. The structural modification of CX-PC-casein-NPs resulted in an increased intracellular uptake of CX by 2.4 times than that of the unmodified ones. The pharmacokinetic study showed that the Area Under Curve (AUC) of the CX-PC-casein-NPs was 2.9-fold higher in rats than that of the original casein nanoparticles. When CX-PC-casein-NPs were intravenously administrated to mice implanted with A375 tumors (CX dose = 16 mg/kg bodyweight), the tumor inhibition rate reached 56.2%, which was comparable to that of paclitaxel (57.3%) at a dose of 4 mg/kg bodyweight. Our results confirm that the structural modification of CX-PC-casein-NPs can effectively prolong the remaining time of specific drugs, and may provide a potential strategy for cancer treatment.
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Stroh, Mark, Michelle Green, Bjorn L. Millard, William Garner, Hong Lu, Jennifer Hope Richardson, and Alison L. Hannah. "Preliminary population pharmacokinetics supports phase II dose selection for masked anti-PD-L1 antibody CX-072." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 3602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.3602.
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3602 Background: PROBODY therapeutics (Pb-Tx) are antibody prodrugs designed to reduce off-tumor, on-target toxicities. The mask inhibits Pb-Tx binding in the periphery yet can be removed by tumor-associated proteases, restricting target engagement to the tumor. This is the first report of preliminary clinical pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis supporting selection of the phase II dose for CX-072, an anti–PD-L1 Pb-Tx, from the ongoing phase I/II PROCLAIM-CX-072 study (NCT03013491). Methods: A quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model1 was used to project the CX-072 plasma trough level (Cmin) corresponding to 95% intratumoral receptor occupancy (RO). Human PK and anti-drug antibody (ADA) data were obtained at selected times postdose following IV administration of 0.03–30 mpk CX-072 in PROCLAIM-CX-072. Population PK (POPPK) modeling was performed with NONMEM v7.3.0. Exploratory analysis and simulations were done with R v3.3.1 or later. Covariates were selected for POPPK using forward addition ( P<0.05) followed by backward deletion ( P<0.01). Results: The preliminary POPPK analyses were informed using available PK data as of August, 2019 from 135 subjects receiving CX-072 Q2W as monotherapy in the dose-escalation and expansion cohorts of PROCLAIM-CX-072. A mixture model was used to capture time- and dose-dependent apparent ADA effect on clearance (CL). The preliminary POPPK model estimates for CX-072 CL and volume of distribution (Vd) were 0.306 L/day and 4.84 L, respectively. Statistically significant covariate effects included body weight on the central Vd and CL, and albumin on CL. The QSP model predicted a CX-072 Cmin of 13–99 nM would be required for 95% intratumoral RO. POPPK simulations suggested that >95% of patients receiving CX-072 10 mg/kg Q2W would meet or exceed this targeted Cmin regardless of ADA. Additional observed data indicated that the majority of patients receiving 10 mpk CX-072 Q3W × 4 with 3 mpk ipilimumab (IPI) Q3W × 4 in the CX-072-IPI combination part of PROCLAIM-CX-072 maintained the targeted Cmin. Simulations did not suggest there would be a clinically meaningful change in exposure following a fixed dose of CX-072 800 mg relative to the 10 mpk weight-based dose. Conclusions: Preliminary PK analysis supports selection of 800 mg CX-072 Q2W as the recommended monotherapy dose and 800 mg Q3W when combined with IPI. The combination of 800 mg CX-072 + 3 mpk IPI Q3W × 4 doses, followed by monotherapy administration of 800 mg CX-072 Q2W is being further explored in phase II. Reference: 1) Stroh M et al. CPT. 2019(9):676-84. Clinical trial information: NCT03013491 .
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Park, Joon, Bo Song, Jin Lee, Seung Park, Tae Kang, Hee-Woong Yun, Sang-Hyug Park, Byoung Min, and Moon Kim. "Preparation of a Cross-Linked Cartilage Acellular-Matrix Film and Its In Vivo Evaluation as an Antiadhesive Barrier." Polymers 11, no. 2 (February 2, 2019): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020247.
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In this paper, a cartilage acellular-matrix (CAM) is chosen as a biomaterial for an effective antiadhesive barrier to apply between injured tissue and healthy tissues or organs. CAM is cross-linked using glutaraldehyde to create a cross-linked CAM (Cx-CAM) film. Cx-CAM has higher elastic modulus and toughness and more hydrophobic surface properties than CAM before cross-linking. Small intestinal submucosa (SIS), cross-linked SIS (Cx-SIS) as a negative control, and Seprafilm as a positive control are used in an experiment as adhesion barriers. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on SIS, Cx-SIS, or in a culture plate get attached and effectively proliferate for 7 days, but Cx-CAM and Seprafilm allow for little or no attachment and proliferation of HUVECs, thus manifesting antiadhesive and antiproliferative effects. In animals with surgical damage to the peritoneal wall and cecum, Cx-CAM and Seprafilm afford little adhesion and negligible inflammation after seven days, as confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and macrophage staining, in contrast to an untreated-injury model, SIS, or Cx-SIS film. Cx-CAM significantly suppresses the formation of blood vessels between the peritoneal wall and cecum, as confirmed by CD31 staining. Overall, the newly designed Cx-CAM film works well as an antiadhesion barrier and has better anti-tissue adhesion efficiency.
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Laurito, Magdalena, Andrew G. Briscoe, Walter R. Almirón, and Ralph E. Harbach. "Systematics of the Culex coronator complex (Diptera: Culicidae): morphological and molecular assessment." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 182, no. 4 (August 22, 2017): 735–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx053.
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Abstract The Culex coronator complex of the mosquito subgenus Culex includes five currently recognized species: Cx. camposi, Cx. coronator, Cx. ousqua, Cx. usquatissimus and Cx. usquatus. Because of the confusing taxonomic history of the complex, we aimed to clarify the specific status of these nominal forms based on an examination of holotypes and lectotypes and molecular data from other specimens. Critical assessment of published descriptions and study of type specimens revealed that the known distributions of the five species overlap considerably and exhibit biotic sympatry in some areas. Sequences from the COI barcode region and complete mitochondrial genomes were used to assess the relationships and degree of genetic divergence of the species and two newly discovered morphological forms, Cx. coronator Forms 1 and 2. Genetic distances in the COI dataset varied from 0.00 to 2.67%, with the largest relative divergence being 4.41 between specimens of Cx. coronator and Cx. coronator Form 1. Bayesian Poisson tree process analysis of the COI barcode region also failed to provide support for the nominal species. Evidence from the morphological and molecular data thus leads us to conclude (at least provisionally) that the Cx. coronator complex is a single polymorphic species. The forms constitute a monophyletic group but there is no support for the specific status of the five nominal forms.
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Wathoni, Nasrul, Diah Permata Sari, Ine Suharyani, Keiichi Motoyama, Ahmed Fouad Abdelwahab Mohammed, Arief Cahyanto, Marline Abdassah, and Muchtaridi Muchtaridi. "Enhancement of α-Mangostin Wound Healing Ability by Complexation with 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin in Hydrogel Formulation." Pharmaceuticals 13, no. 10 (October 2, 2020): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph13100290.
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α-Mangostin (α-M), one of the active compounds in Garcinia mangostana peel, has been effectively used in wound healing. However, its poor solubility in aqueous solution causes low bioavailability for skin ulcers, hindering its application in wound healing. The aim of this study was to improve the solubility of α-M through complex formation with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (α-M/HP-β-CD CX) and to evaluate the healing activity of the complex. The α-M/HP-β-CD CX was incorporated in a sodium carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel (α-M/HP-β-CD CX HG), and the in vivo healing activity was examined in mice. Evaluation of α-M/HP-β-CD CX HG, including organoleptic evaluation, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, swelling ratio, consistency, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and in vitro drug release, was carried out. The complex formation of α-M/HP-β-CD CX was confirmed by FTIR and PXRD analysis. The solubility of the α-M/HP-β-CD CX in water linearly increased about 11.7-fold compared to α-M alone, and by 3.5-fold compared to the α-M/HP-β-CD physical mixture (α-M/HP-β-CD CX PM). The α-M/HP-β-CD CX HG was homogenous, the pH was found to be in the neutral range, the spread area was 5 cm, and the consistency was stable until 14 days. SEM analysis showed that α-M/HP-β-CD CX HG surged due to the porous structure of the HG. In addition, in vitro release of α-M from α-M/HP-β-CD CX HG was considerably increased compared to α-M/HP-β-CD PM HG and α-M HG. Notably, in vivo evaluation in mice showed that α-M/HP-β-CD CX HG significantly accelerated the wound healing ability compared to other HGs. Thus, α-M/HP-β-CD CX HG has potential as a new formulation of α-M for wound healing therapy.
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Anik, Md Tanvir Anjum, and Thahsin Farjana. "Surveillance of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Rajshahi, Bangladesh." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 6, no. 2 (September 9, 2019): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v6i2.43062.
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Mosquitoes are considered the most important arthropod vectors in the world. Mosquito borne diseases are major public health problems in most of tropical and subtropical countries. An investigation was performed at Bagha upazila in Rajshahi district to identify the mosquito species and their breeding sites at the study area. Adult mosquitoes were collected by insect collecting net, light traps and human bait method and larvae were collected by dipper, mug, ladle spoon and dropper. A total of 1947 adult mosquitoes and 1376 larvae were collected and identified. Total ten species of adult mosquitoes and nine species of larvae under two genera were identified. The collected mosquitoes were belonging to two genera- Anopheles (An.) and Culex (Cx.). The identified species were Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. gelidus, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. whitmorei, Cx. fuscanus, Cx. fuscocephala, An. aconitus, An. vagus and An. barbirostris. In both cases of larvae and adult mosquitoes, Culex was found more prevalent than Anopheles. In case of larvae the prevalence was 75.8% and 24.2%, and in case of adult it was 71.2% and 28.8% for Culex and Anopheles, respectively. Among the all identified mosquitoes, Cx. quinquefasciatus showed the highest abundance in both cases of larval (23.5%) and adult mosquitoes (25.2%). From the survey it has been apparent that the Culex species may prefer the polluted water bodies in the locality like households, dairy sheds and drains whereas Anopheles species may prefer agricultural fields, and dairy sheds. This study will help to detect the breeding sites of mosquitoes in study areas and to take necessary steps to control mosquitoes and mosquito borne diseases.
Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 329-336, August 2019
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Olien, William C. "Nimblewill Ground Cover for Biocontrol of Ring Nematode in Peach Orchards." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 793D—793. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.793d.
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Benefits of nimblewill (Ms = Muhlenbergia schreberi), a warm-season, perennial grass, as an orchard ground cover are: 1) it is not competitive with tree growth and 2) it reduces ring nematode (Cx = Criconemella xenoplax) soil population, even in the presence of a tree fruit host. Ms is difficult to establish in orchards in warm fruit-growing regions. In field studies, we found that Ms establishment was decreased by chemical mowing relative to seeding only. Successive years of reseeding at 22 kg seed/ha per year, mechanical mowing, and control of winter annuals gave best establishment of Ms in peach orchards. An orchard microplot study was established to evaluate effects of five Ms densities and two Ms sources on Cx population and on growth of `Redhaven'–Lovell trees (10 replications). Cx numbers were reduced hyperbolically in response to Ms density. Ms cover of 5 g dw/m2 (planted at 9 kg seed/ha) reduced Cx from 200 (control) to the accepted threshold of 50 Cx/100 cc soil. Maximum Cx reduction to 26 Cx/100 cc was obtained at 34 g dw/m2 Ms (planted at 40 kg seed/ha). Cx response to Ms density was not affected by Ms source.
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Bai, Feng-Yang, Xu Wang, Yan-Qiu Sun, Rong-Shun Wang, and Xiu-Mei Pan. "Atmospheric chemistry of ethers, esters, and alcohols on the lifetimes, temperature dependence, and kinetic isotope effect: an example of CF3CX2CX2CX2OX with OX reactions (X = H, D)." RSC Advances 6, no. 42 (2016): 36096–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra04902h.
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McColl-Kennedy, Janet R., Mohamed Zaki, Katherine N. Lemon, Florian Urmetzer, and Andy Neely. "Gaining Customer Experience Insights That Matter." Journal of Service Research 22, no. 1 (November 21, 2018): 8–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094670518812182.
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Contextualized in postpurchase consumption in business-to-business settings, the authors contribute to customer experience (CX) management theory and practice in three important ways. First, by offering a novel CX conceptual framework that integrates prior CX research to better understand, manage, and improve CXs—comprised of value creation elements (resources, activities, context, interactions, and customer role), cognitive responses, and discrete emotions at touchpoints across the customer journey. Second, by demonstrating the usefulness of a longitudinal CX analytic based on the conceptual framework that combines quantitative and qualitative measures. Third, by providing a step-by-step guide for implementing the text mining approach in practice, thereby showing that CX analytics that apply big data techniques to the CX can offer significant insights that matter. The authors highlight six key insights practitioners need in order to manage their customers’ journey, through (1) taking a customer perspective, (2) identifying root causes, (3) uncovering at-risk segments, (4) capturing customers’ emotional and cognitive responses, (5) spotting and preventing decreasing sales, and (6) prioritizing actions to improve CX. The article concludes with directions for future research.
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Skakun, N. A., V. A. Olejnik, A. S. Deev, P. A. Svetashov, A. Ya Grinchenko, and N. F. Shul'ga. "Channeling study of carbon atom location in ReCx and NiCx systems." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 67, no. 1-4 (April 1992): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(92)95801-w.
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Puhalla, Shannon L., Veronique Dieras, Banu Arun, Bella Kaufman, Hans Wildiers, Hyo S. Han, Jean-Pierre M. Ayoub, et al. "Veliparib (V) monotherapy after progression on placebo (PL) + carboplatin/paclitaxel (CP) in patients with advanced HER2-negative gBRCA-associated breast cancer: Crossover outcomes and exploratory biomarker analyses in BROCADE3." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.1097.
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1097 Background: In BROCADE3 (NCT02163694), addition of the PARP inhibitor (PARPi) V to CP improved PFS in patients (pts) with g BRCA-associated advanced breast cancer (hazard ratio 0.71 [95% CI 0.57–0.88], p = 0.002). Reversion mutations may account for resistance to platinum-based CT and PARPi. Efficacy, safety, and exploratory biomarker analyses for pts randomized to PL + CP who received crossover (Cx) V monotherapy after progression are reported. Methods: 513 total pts were randomized 2:1 to V + CP or PL + CP. V/PL, C, and P could be discontinued independently prior to progression, leading to varying platinum-free intervals at the time of progression. After progression, pts in the PL + CP arm could receive open-label Cx V monotherapy (300–400 mg BID continuous), beginning within 60 d of progression and continuing to second progression. Adverse events (AEs) and activity during Cx V were assessed. Exploratory analysis of BRCA reversion mutations restoring BRCA1/2 protein function that emerged during PL + CP treatment was performed on plasma circulating tumor DNA using targeted-amplicon next generation sequencing. Results: At data cutoff, 75 pts initially randomized to PL + CP had ≥1 dose of Cx V. Mean (range) duration of Cx V was 154 d (2–966). Activity during Cx V is in the Table. Mean (range) platinum-free interval at time of first dose of Cx V was 3.1 mos (0.4–10.9) vs 8.1 mos (1.0–34.9) in pts who had progressed vs had not progressed by 24 wks after first dose of Cx V. BRCA reversion analysis was completed for 18 Cx pts. Reversion mutations were identified in 1/18 pts (5.6%). This patient had Cx V duration of 19 d and had progressed by 24 wks. BRCA reversion analysis on additional Cx pts will be presented. Most common AEs during Cx V were nausea (61%), vomiting (29%), fatigue (24%), and diarrhea (21%). Any grade anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia occurred in 7%, 15%, and 7% of pts. Three pts (4%) experienced a convulsion event. Conclusions: Platinum-free interval may influence efficacy of subsequent PARPi. Impact of BRCA reversion mutations warrants further evaluation. Cross-resistance may limit PARPi efficacy after platinum failure. Clinical trial information: NCT02163694 . [Table: see text]
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Yang, H., A. P. Yu, Y. Yim, E. Yu, and E. Wu. "Treatment patterns and health care resource utilization of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients who received bevacizumab or cetuximab in second-line regimen." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2011): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.4_suppl.525.
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525 Background: Targeted therapies such as bevacizumab (BV) and cetuximab (CX) are important treatment options in mCRC. Real-world treatment patterns and resource utilization of mCRC patients (Pts) receiving BV and CX in second-line (2L) treatment are not well studied. Methods: Pts with mCRC were identified from the PharMetrics pharmacy and medical insurance claims database (2002-2009). Included Pts received BV or CX in 2L therapy. 2L was defined as change in therapy from first-line (1L) at least 4 weeks after 1L initiation. Healthcare resource utilization and costs were evaluated during the 6 months following 2L start. Results: A total of 2,188 Pts were included in the analysis, including 1,808 2L BV Pts and 380 2L CX Pts. Demographic and baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Pts' mean age was 61 years and 56% were male. Among all study Pts, 34.1% and 2.7% received BV and CX in 1L, respectively. 60.1% of Pts received oxaliplatin-based regimens in 1L. In 2L, irinotecan and oxaliplatin containing regimens were most commonly used. During the 6 months period following 2L therapy start, BV vs. CX Pts incurred significantly lower risk-adjusted total costs (difference: -$10,231, p=0.020) and inpatient costs ($-3,681, p<0.001). Mean targeted therapy cost was significantly higher for CX ($33,425) than BV ($23,622) (-$10,260, p<0.001). BV Pts incurred significantly less inpatient visits (0.5 vs. 0.7, p<0.001) compared to CX Pts and shorter duration of total hospital stay (3.6 vs. 5.6 days, p=0.007). Conclusions: In 2L treatment of mCRC Pts in the real world setting, BV was most used with oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based regimens, whereas CX was commonly used with irinotecan-based regimens. Overall, less healthcare resource utilization and costs were observed in patients treated with 2L BV compared to 2L CX. Use of BV in 2L treatment of mCRC was associated with lower number of claims for targeted agents, lower healthcare costs and fewer hospitalizations than CX. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Wolinsky, L, E., and W. R. Hume. "Effects of Extracellular Plaque Components on the Chlorhexidine Sensitivity of Strains of Streptococcus mutans and Human Dental Plaque." Journal of Dental Research 64, no. 8 (August 1985): 1051–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345850640080501.
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An in vitro study was undertaken to determine the effects of sucrose-derived extracellular plaque components on the sensitivity of selected oral bacteria to chlorhexidine (CX). Cultures of Streptococcus mutans HS-6, OMZ-176, Ingbritt C, 6715-wtl3, and pooled human plaque were grown in trypticase soy media with or without 1 % sucrose. The sensitivity to CX of bacteria grown in each medium was determined by fixed-time exposure to CX and subsequent measurement of 3H-thymidine uptake. One-hour exposure to CX at concentrations of 10-4 M (0.01% w/v) or greater substantially inhibited subsequent cellular division among all the S. mutans strains and human plaque samples tested. An IC50 (the CX concentration which depressed 3H-thymidine incorporation to 50% of control level) of close to 10-4 M was noted for S. mutans strains HS- 6, OMZ-176, and 6715-wt13 when grown in the presence of sucrose. The same strains grown in cultures without added sucrose showed about a ten-fold greater sensitivity to CX (IC50 close to 10 -5 M). A three-fold difference was noted for S. mutans Ingbritt C. Only a slight increase in the IC50 was noted for the plaque samples cultured in sucrose-containing media, but their threshold for depression of 3H-thymidine uptake by CX was lower than that for the sucrose-free plaque samples. The study showed that extracellular products confer some protection against CX to the bacteria examined, and provided an explanation for the disparity between clinically-recommended concentrations for plaque suppression and data on in vitro susceptibility. Also, when compared with similarly-derived indices of susceptibility of mammalian cells to CX, the data obtained give rise to new possibilities for therapeutic use of CX or other bisguanides in dentistry.
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Lim, T., J. Yun, J. Lee, S. Park, J. Park, Y. Park, H. Lim, and W. Kang. "Updated survival results of the randomized phase II study comparing cisplatin/capecitabine (CX) with epirubicin plus CX (ECX) in advanced gastric cancer (AGC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2011): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.4_suppl.46.
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46 Background: We previously reported results of a randomized study showing that CX is equally active to ECX in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) (Yun et al. Eur J Cancer. 2010). Here we report updated overall survival (OS) results with an additional 12 months' follow-up. Methods: Ninety-one chemotherapy-naïve patients with histologically-confirmed, measurable AGC were randomized to receive CX (cisplatin 75 mg/m2 iv on day 1 and capecitabine 1,000 mg/m2 bid po on days 1-14, n=45) or ECX (epirubicin 50 mg/m2 plus CX, n=44) every 3 weeks. After CX or ECX had failed, second-line chemotherapy (SLC) was recommended for all patients if their performance status was preserved. Results: Treatment duration was similar for both arms (4.4 for CX v 4.2 months for ECX). There was no relevant difference in the occurrence of overall grade 3 or 4 toxicities between the CX and ECX arms (80% v 78%, respectively; p=0.516). However, none in the CX and 12% in the ECX arm discontinued treatment because of toxicity. There were no significant differences in therapeutic efficacy between CX and ECX with respect to the response rate (38% v 37%, respectively), PFS (6.4 v 6.5 months), as well as OS (12.7 v 13.8 months; p=0.51). After failure, 60% of patients (26 CX and 28 ECX patients) received SLC. However, OS was not differed whether a patient was treated with SLC or not (13.1 v 11.2 months; p=0.94). Conclusions: The present analysis confirms previous findings that both CX and ECX appear to be comparatively active as first-line chemotherapy for AGC. Furthermore, the role of SLC in AGC warrants further evaluation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Ramos, R. A. N., G. J. A. Costa, G. A. de Carvalho, M. A. G. Faustino, and L. C. Alves. "First Record of Culex (Culex. maxi Dyar (Diptera: Culicidae) in Pernambuco State, Brazil." Arquivos do Instituto Biológico 78, no. 4 (December 2011): 623–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657v78p6232011.
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ABSTRACT Culicid females of some species may be hematophagous and important vectors of different etiological agents. The aim of the present study was to report the first record of Culex (Culex. maxi (Diptera: Culicidae) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Two hundred and fifty culicid larvae were collected for identification. The morphological descriptions were compatible with descriptions for Cx. (Cx.. maxi. This is the first record of the occurrence of Cx. (Cx.) maxi in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Devaraj, Sutha, Sabariah Ismail, Surash Ramanathan, and Mun Fei Yam. "Investigation of Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activity of StandardizedCurcuma xanthorrhizaRhizome in Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatic Damaged Rats." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/353128.
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Curcuma xanthorrhiza(CX) has been used for centuries in traditional system of medicine to treat several diseases such as hepatitis, liver complaints, and diabetes. It has been consumed as food supplement and “jamu” as a remedy for hepatitis. Hence, CX was further explored for its potential as a functional food for liver related diseases. As such, initiative was taken to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of CX rhizome. Antioxidant activity of the standardized CX fractions was determined usingin vitroassays. Hepatoprotective assay was conducted against carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4-) induced hepatic damage in rats at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg of hexane fraction. Highest antioxidant activity was found in hexane fraction. In the case of hepatoprotective activity, CX hexane fraction showed significant improvement in terms of a biochemical liver function, antioxidative liver enzymes, and lipid peroxidation activity. Good recovery was observed in the treated hepatic tissues histologically. Hence, the results concluded that CX hexane fraction possessed prominent hepatoprotective activities which might be due to itsin vitroantioxidant activity. These findings also support the use of CX as a functional food for hepatitis remedy in traditional medicinal system.
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Forattini, Oswaldo Paulo, Almério de Castro Gomes, Délsio Natal, Iná Kakitani, and Daniel Marucci. "Preferências alimentares de mosquitos Culicidae no Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo, Brasil." Revista de Saúde Pública 21, no. 3 (June 1987): 171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89101987000300002.
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São apresentados os resultados obtidos na identificação do sangue ingerido por culicídeos ingurgitados coletados em vários ambientes rurais de cinco localidades do Vale do Ribeira, Estado de São Paulo (Brasil). O maior rendimento, que representou a quase totalidade dos espécimens coletados, foi obtido mediante o emprego da aspiração e das redes manuais. Foi possível identificar a origem de 1.444 repastos sangüíneos. Os Aedes apresentaram predominância de positividade para mamíferos. Ae. scapularis mostrou preferência por hospedeiros de grande porte representados por bovinos e eqüinos. Ae. serratus alimentou-se também em aves. Com exceção da elevada antropofilia de Cx. quinquefasciatus, os demais representantes de Cx. (Culex) revelaram-se apreciavelmente ornitófilos. Em conjunto, Cx. (Melanoconion) mostrou o mais amplo espectro de hematofagia, que incluiu anfíbio, ave, mamíferos e réptil. Cx. ribeirensis e Cx. sacchettae apresentaram resultados que sugerem alguma preferência por mamíferos. A antropofilia distribuiu-se por várias espécies destacando-se Ae. scapularis, Cx. sacchettae e Cx. ribeirensis que a apresentaram nas coletas efetuadas no intradomicílio. A influência da densidade de hospedeiros no ambiente modificado fez-se sentir em relação à primeira dessas três espécies, para as quais as evidências obtidas sugerem que estejam evoluindo no sentido da domiciliação.
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Messer, M., D. C. Shaw, A. S. Weiss, P. Rissmiller, and M. Griffiths. "Estimation of Divergence Dates for Monotremes From Comparisons of A-Lactalbumin Amino Acid Sequences." Australian Mammalogy 20, no. 2 (1998): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am98323.
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cx-Lactalbumins were isolated from milk of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) and the echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus). Their amino acid sequences were determined and compared with those of the cx- lactalbumins often eutherian and two marsupial species, using the computer programme ("Distances") to calculate the number of differences (substitutions) between a total of 36 pairs of cx-lactalbumins. As expected, the amino acid sequences of the monotreme cx-lactalbumins were more similar to each other than to those of other mammals, as were the sequences of the marsupial and the eutherian cx-lactalbumins. If one makes the common assumption that marsupials and eutherians diverged from each other 135 Myr ago then simple calculations from the data would suggest that the platypus and echidna lineages diverged 56 ± 8 (SD) Myr ago and that monotremes diverged from the other mammals 152 ± 29 Myr ago. These values are not inconsistent with the little that is known about the palaeontology of the monotremes and are very similar to those derived from previous studies on globin sequences. If, however, monotreme cx-lactalbumins evolved more slowly than the cx-lactalbumins of eutherians and marsupials, these dates could be underestimates.
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Meireles, George César Ximenes, and Luciano Mauricio Abreu Filho. "Intercoronary connection with bidirectional blood flow and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 112, no. 4 (December 1994): 654–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31801994000400008.
Full textAbstract:
Cardiac catheterization in a 55-year-old man, with a 6-month history of atypical chest pain and Q-waves in D1, Dili and AVF, showed concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and a large intercoronary connection between right coronary artery (RCA) and circumflex artery (CX), with bidirectional blood flow. Although the RCA and CX were normal, selective injection of CX filled RCA retrogradely and in the same way selective injection of RCA filled CX. Possible mechanisms and literature are reviewed.
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Inoue, Yoshifumi, Yuso Goto, Tominaga Fukazawa, Hideya Hayashi, and Yasuhiko Komatsu. "Pharmacological Effects of a Novel Recombinant Hirudin, CX-397, In Vivo and In Vitro: Comparison with Recombinant Hirudin Variant-1, Heparin, and Argatroban." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 81, no. 02 (1999): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1614452.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryThe novel recombinant hirudin analog CX-397 was investigated with respect to its pharmacological activity and antithrombin profiles in vivo and in vitro. In three different types of thrombosis models in rats, including stasis and thrombin-induced venous, glass surface-activated arterio-venous shunt, and ferric chloride-induced arterial thrombosis models, CX-397 and rHV-1 elicited potent antithrombotic effects, where the minimum effective doses of rHV-1 tended to be higher than those of CX-397 in the arterio-venous shunt and arterial thrombosis models. The hemorrhagic risk of CX-397 in template bleeding in rats was not higher than that of rHV-1, indicating that CX-397 is superior to rHV-1 for treating the platelet-dominant type of thrombosis. However, no differences were detected between CX-397 and rHV-1 in their effects on in vitro coagulation times and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, suggesting the possibility that some unknown mechanisms other than simple thrombin inhibition are also involved in their anti-thrombotic actions.