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Journal articles on the topic 'Cutting metals'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Schulz, W., G. Simon, H. M. Urbassek, and I. Decker. "On laser fusion cutting of metals." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 20, no. 4 (April 14, 1987): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/20/4/013.

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2

Li, Z. J., F. Z. Fang, Hu Gong, and X. D. Zhang. "Review of diamond-cutting ferrous metals." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 68, no. 5-8 (April 17, 2013): 1717–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-4970-5.

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3

Saei, Mojib, Anirudh Udupa, Koushik Viswanathan, Tatsuya Sugihara, Rachid M’Saoubi, and Srinivasan Chandrasekar. "Controlling segmentation in cutting of metals." CIRP Annals 68, no. 1 (2019): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2019.04.073.

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4

NISHIGUCHI, Takashi, and Masami MASUDA. "Precision cutting of ferreous metals with single crystal CBN cutting tools." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 54, no. 2 (1988): 384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.54.384.

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5

Et al., Akhmedov Akrom Burkhanovich. "Imitating Simulation of Thermomechanical Processing of Metals." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 4 (April 11, 2021): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i4.462.

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Thermomechanical processing of metals by cutting is a complicated technological problem that is difficult for mathematical simulation. The various phenomena observed in this process are so closely intertwined with each other and their interaction is so complex that eleven relatively independent theories not coming yet to a holistic unity are focused on the cutter edge. These are a theory of chip formation, metal cutting mechanics, a friction theory in metalworking, thermodynamics of cutting, a theory of wear and resistance of cutting tools. A mesh-free method of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) has been used for simulation in this paper. The SPH-based simulation in LS-DYNA is performed to predict cutting forces and plastic deformations for machining processing of metals by cutting. The results characterizing the distribution patterns of the strain tensor components and the temperature field at different points in time and space have been presented. The performed studies have demonstrated that it is possible to use changes in the temperature fields as a criterion for estimating the elastic-plastic deformations.

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6

Caprino, G., and L. Nele. "Cutting Forces in Orthogonal Cutting of Unidirectional GFRP Composites." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 118, no. 3 (July 1, 1996): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2806829.

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The results of orthogonal cutting tests carried out on unidirectional glass fiber reinforced plastic composites, using HSS tools, are presented and discussed. During the tests, performed on a milling machine at very low cutting speed to avoid thermal effects, the cutting speed was held constant and parallel to the fibre direction. Three parameters, namely the tool rake angle α, the tool relief angle γ, and the depth of cut t, were varied. According to the experimental results, the horizontal force per unit width, Fhu, undergoes a dramatic decrease, never verified for metals, with increasing α. Besides, Fhu is only negligibly affected by the relief angle, and linearly increases with t. Similarly to metals, an effect of the depth of cut on the specific energy (size effect) is found also for composites. However, the presented results indicate that the size effect can be analytically modeled in a simple way in the case of composites. The vertical force per unit width, Fvu, exhibits a marked reduction when the relief angle is increased. Fvu, is also very sensitive to the rake angle: the lower α the higher is Fvu. It is shown that this behavior probably reflects a strong influence of the rake angle on the forces developing at the flank. A linear dependence of the vertical force on the depth of cut is also demonstrated. Finally, the experimental data are utilized to obtain empirical formulae, allowing an approximate evaluation of cutting forces.

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7

Sýkorová, Libuše, Oldřich Šuba, Vladimír Pata, and Milena Kubišová. "Structural Changes in Metals during Laser Cutting." Materials Science Forum 919 (April 2018): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.919.25.

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The presented paper deals with the problems associated with laser machining of metal materials. Specifically, it solves the question of structural changes that occur as a result of the transfer of heat to the material. Experimental machining of selected technical materials was carried out, and on the basis of the hardness measurement near the cutting point, the heat-affected zone was evaluated after passing the laser beam. To confirm the detection of the affected zone width the models of transient temperature field were arranged, to represent the distribution of temperature in the vicinity of the cutting edge.

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8

Udupa, Anirudh, Koushik Viswanathan, Yeung Ho, and Srinivasan Chandrasekar. "The cutting of metals via plastic buckling." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 473, no. 2202 (June 2017): 20160863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2016.0863.

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The cutting of metals has long been described as occurring by laminar plastic flow. Here we show that for metals with large strain-hardening capacity, laminar flow mode is unstable and cutting instead occurs by plastic buckling of a thin surface layer. High speed in situ imaging confirms that the buckling results in a small bump on the surface which then evolves into a fold of large amplitude by rotation and stretching. The repeated occurrence of buckling and folding manifests itself at the mesoscopic scale as a new flow mode with significant vortex-like components—sinuous flow. The buckling model is validated by phenomenological observations of flow at the continuum level and microstructural characteristics of grain deformation and measurements of the folding. In addition to predicting the conditions for surface buckling, the model suggests various geometric flow control strategies that can be effectively implemented to promote laminar flow, and suppress sinuous flow in cutting, with implications for industrial manufacturing processes. The observations impinge on the foundations of metal cutting by pointing to the key role of stability of laminar flow in determining the mechanism of material removal, and the need to re-examine long-held notions of large strain deformation at surfaces.

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9

Orishich, Anatoliy, Victor Shulyatyev, Alexander Golyshev, and Alexander Malikov. "Thermophysical problems of laser cutting of metals." MATEC Web of Conferences 115 (2017): 08004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201711508004.

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10

Vizureanu, Petrica. "Surface Treatment of Metals." Coatings 12, no. 5 (April 20, 2022): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12050560.

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11

Groche, P., P. Stein, D. Übelacker, F. Neumayer, and F. Steinbach. "Trockenscherschneiden von Verbundblechen*/Lubricant free shear cutting of polymer-metal composites - Important process parameters on the cutting surface geometries." wt Werkstattstechnik online 105, no. 10 (2015): 733–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2015-10-69.

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Verbundbleche, bestehend aus Metall- und Polymerschichten, haben ein hohes Anwendungspotential. Je nach Schichtaufbau liegen die Vorteile im Bereich des Korrosionsschutzes, des Leichtbaus sowie der Geräuschdämmung. Um das Potential dieser Materialien zu nutzen, müssen die Parameter konventioneller Fertigungsverfahren angepasst werden. Der Fachbeitrag beschreibt den Einfluss wichtiger Parameter auf die Schnittgüte beim Scherschneiden.   Composite sheets, consisting of sheet metals and polymer layers, have high application potential. Depending on the used layers they can be used as corrosion protection, lightweight or sound insulation materials. To exploit the advantages of these materials the parameters of conventional manufacturing processes have to be adapted. In this publication the influence of important parameters on the shear cutting quality is explained.

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12

Yeung, Ho, Koushik Viswanathan, Walter Dale Compton, and Srinivasan Chandrasekar. "Sinuous flow in metals." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 32 (July 27, 2015): 9828–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509165112.

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Annealed metals are surprisingly difficult to cut, involving high forces and an unusually thick “chip.” This anomaly has long been explained, based on ex situ observations, using a model of smooth plastic flow with uniform shear to describe material removal by chip formation. Here we show that this phenomenon is actually the result of a fundamentally different collective deformation mode—sinuous flow. Using in situ imaging, we find that chip formation occurs via large-amplitude folding, triggered by surface undulations of a characteristic size. The resulting fold patterns resemble those observed in geophysics and complex fluids. Our observations establish sinuous flow as another mesoscopic deformation mode, alongside mechanisms such as kinking and shear banding. Additionally, by suppressing the triggering surface undulations, sinuous flow can be eliminated, resulting in a drastic reduction of cutting forces. We demonstrate this suppression quite simply by the application of common marking ink on the free surface of the workpiece material before the cutting. Alternatively, prehardening a thin surface layer of the workpiece material shows similar results. Besides obvious implications to industrial machining and surface generation processes, our results also help unify a number of disparate observations in the cutting of metals, including the so-called Rehbinder effect.

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13

Shi, Hongyan, Xianfeng Zhao, Ziqin Wang, Xueting Jiang, Zichuan Zou, and Xiaolong Hu. "Research of Fracture Mechanics Applied in the Cutting Process of Plastic Metals." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 37, no. 6 (December 2019): 1209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20193761209.

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Shear theory is the mainstream view to explain the cutting process. Because of the complexity of the cutting process, it is still difficult to explain and predict the physical phenomena in the cutting process accurately by shear theory. While some physical phenomena can be well explained by fracture theory. At the same time, with the development of fracture theory, fracture phenomenon in cutting process has attracted scholarsattention again. Therefore, the early development and current application of fracture theory in the study of cutting process are reviewed in detail. The research results and key points of fracture theory in cutting process are summarized. The development direction of fracture theory in the cutting process is briefly discussed. It is considered that the integration of fracture theory and shear theory is an effective way to study cutting mechanism, and the cutting process is divided into six stages in order to integrate fracture and shear theory.

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14

Misirov, Mukhamad Kh, and Asker A. Egozhev. "Some features of soil cultivation with a cutting wedge." Izvestiya of Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov 3(37) (2022): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.55196/2411-3492-2022-3-37-130-137.

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Currently existing soil cutting models do not explain all available experimental results. When modeling the process of cutting soils, the models developed for cutting metals were taken as a basis. But the automatic transfer of the principles of cutting metals to the theory of cutting soil without sufficient grounds leads to contradictions and errors. Soil cutting has its own characteristics that do not occur when cutting metals and which must be taken into account when modeling the destruction process during cutting. When cutting brittle materials, as well as when cutting soils and soils, a number of phenomena are observed that are not present when cutting plastic materials, for example, the formation of advanced cracks in front of the cutting wedge. The purpose of the study is to establish the features of soil cultivation with a cutting wedge that are not typical for metal processing, but which take place during mechanical tillage and which must be taken into account when modeling the processes of cutting mechanics. On the basis of the comparative analysis, a significant difference between the geometry of the cutting part of the tillage wedge and the geometry of the wedge for processing plastic metal materials was revealed. The loading model of the cutting part of the tillage wedge is obtained. It is shown that during the operation of the tillage wedge the angle of action of the cutting force is positive. When modeling the processes of soil cutting mechanics, in order to obtain a correct model of the cutting process, it is necessary to take into account this fact: the angle of action of the cutting force is positive. Loading of the material being machined with a cutting wedge according to the scheme, when the angle of action of the cutting force is positive, is the most optimal in terms of the energy intensity of the cutting process compared to others.

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15

Nur, Rusdi, Noordin Mohd Yusof, Izman Sudin, Fethma M. Nor, and Denni Kurniawan. "Determination of Energy Consumption during Turning of Hardened Stainless Steel Using Resultant Cutting Force." Metals 11, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11040565.

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Downsizing energy consumption during the machining of metals is vital for sustainable manufacturing. As a prerequisite, energy consumption should be determined, through direct or indirect measurement. The manufacturing process of interest is the finish turning which has been explored to generate (near) net shapes, particularly for hardened steels. In this paper, we propose using measured cutting forces to calculate the electrical energy consumption during the finish turning process of metals where typically the depth of cut is lower than the cutting tool nose radius. In this approach, the resultant cutting force should be used for calculating the energy consumption, instead of only the main (tangential) cutting force as used in the conventional approach. A case study was carried out where a hardened stainless steel (AISI 420, hardness of 47–48 HRC) was turned using a coated carbide tool, with a nose radius of 0.8 mm, without cutting fluid, and at 0.4 mm depth of cut. The experimental design varied the cutting speed (100, 130, and 170 m/min) and feed (0.10, 0.125, and 0.16 mm) while other parameters were kept constant. The results indicate that the electrical energy consumption during the particular dry turning of hardened steel can be calculated using cutting force data as proposed. This generally means machining studies that measure cutting forces can also present energy consumption during the finish or hard turning of metals, without specifically measuring the power consumption of the machining process. For this particular dry turning of hardened stainless steel, cutting parameters optimization in terms of machining responses (i.e., low surface roughness, long tool life, low cutting force, and low energy consumption) was also determined to provide an insight on how energy consumption can be integrated with other machining responses towards sustainable machining process of metals.

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16

Doyle, E. Derry, and S. J. Dowey. "Machining of Light Metals: Challenges for Surface Engineering." Materials Science Forum 618-619 (April 2009): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.618-619.117.

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Advances have been made in the art of metal cutting, much to the economic benefit of industrialized nations. Not withstanding this, engineers continue to seek stronger and lighter materials. New challenges emerge as we seek to understand and control the deformation of a small volume of material in the immediate vicinity of the cutting edge. In this paper we use a metallurgical approach to explore and understand the nature of high strain deformation in light metals and its influence on the chip forming process. In particular the phenomenology of material flow around the cutting edge is discussed on the basis of previous studies of machining in the SEM. The issue of chip separation is discussed, particularly in relation to its impact on the tribology of the ship / tool / workpiece interface. The objective is to better design cutting tools and their vapour deposited coatings for improved machinability in light metals.

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17

Lapshin, Viktor, Denis Moiseev, and Veronika Khristoforova. "Minimizing tool vibrations when turning metals, as a method of energy-efficient cutting." E3S Web of Conferences 279 (2021): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127901007.

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Taking into account the interrelated vibration dynamics of cutting and the temperature in the cutting zone allows you to determine the most successful state or cutting mode in terms of energy costs. Purpose of the work: by forming a consistent model, determine the most convenient mechanism for the mode of operation of the cutting system, in which the further wear of the cutting wedge will be stabilized, the cutting force will also be stabilized, as well as the temperature in the cutting zone and the vibration of the tool. The paper examines: The process of metal processing by cutting on a lathe for the case of longitudinal turning of the product. Research methods: The research consists of a series of field experiments on real equipment using a modern measuring stand STD. 201-1, as well as using an experimental complex developed by us. Results and discussion. The results of processing experimental data, in particular, the results of measuring cutting forces, temperature and tool vibrations, are presented. The mechanism of stabilization of the processing process due to the relationship between temperature and vibrations during cutting and the formation of a quasi-stationary cutting mode is experimentally proved. It is assumed that due to the practical application of the results obtained in the work, it will be possible to increase the energy efficiency of metal processing by reducing the energy cost of vibration of the cutting wedge.

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18

Bychkov, I. V., L. T. Dvornikov, and I. A. Zhukov. "KINEMATICS OF METALLURGICAL CUTTERS WITH PARALLEL BLADES." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 62, no. 4 (June 20, 2019): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-4-308-314.

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Cutting with parallel blades cutters consists of three periods: blades ridging in metal; cutting; chipping (separation). Maximum force is required at the end of the ridging period and at the beginning of cutting. Since one of the blades is stationary, the second blade in cutting process has to go deep into the entire thickness of metal to cut the billet. For example, if thickness of metal is20 mm, then the upper blade needs to pass20 mmfor its cutting. If you make both blades moving towards each other, cutting eﬀort will be less. In this case, each blade cutting20 mmof metal will pass 10mm. In order not to make mechanism of cutter with two movable blades too complicated, it is important to ensure its mobility from one drive. So, there acute the issue of arrangement possibility of blades moving towards each other with guaranteed strength of the units, transmitting eﬀort on the blades. Kinematic scheme of cutters with blades moving parallel to each other in a vertical plane is proposed. Advantages of the proposed cutters design are the following: counter movement of blades requires less eﬀort to cut the billet; force from each blade is distributed to two connecting rods, reducing load on each of them; since blades move towards each other, the main cutting force is distributed along the units of the mechanism and is transmitted to the engine, which reduces load on the frame and foundation when cutting; when blades move towards each other, metal separation occurs faster, it allows to concentrate maximal force during cutting with minimal load on the engine; the cut part of the billet does not fall below the roller bed at the end of cutting, so installation of the lower movable table is not required. Mobility of the proposed mechanism is determined by P.L. Chebyshev formula with its value = 1. Kinematic analysis of blades is carried out using a special method, which is in using point of connecting rods intersection.

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19

Kohale, Utkarsh, Saurabh Adhao, Darshan Thakare, Atharv Panchawate, Sanket Dalvi, and Parag Akarte. "Design and Fabrication of Motorized Hacksaw Machine." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 3697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43133.

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Abstract: As we know that in large manufacturing industries, the cutting operation is very required for raw material, for this purpose they use manually operated conventional hacksaw machine for cutting operation. In that type of machine single piece can cut at a time by using an electric motor . Also,one labour utilizes for same. This project is on the design and construction of an electric supply hacksaw machine for cutting of metal to different size and length with the help of hacksaw. The objective of this project is to save man power and time in cutting metals in order to achieve high productivity. It is a cutting machine with teeth on its blade used specially for cutting metals. The power to hacksaw is provided by the motor. Here, the step down transformer is used for converting the 220-230V AC power to 12V DC power to run the machine smoothly , then the current is supplied to the motor then with the help of single slider crank mechanism. These machines can be used in remote places where electricity is regular. It is designed as a portable one which can be used for cutting in various places . It can be used for cutting in various places. It can be used for operating on materials like thin metals ,woods etc.

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20

Osmer, Jen, A. Meier, R. Gläbe, O. Riemer, and E. Brinksmeier. "Ultra Precision Machining of Non-Ferrous Metals and Nitrocarburized Tool Steel." Key Engineering Materials 447-448 (September 2010): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.447-448.46.

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This paper presents results for the machining of materials typically applied in ultra precision machining in comparison to a nitrocarburized tool steel. Analyzing and evaluating the machining results regarding surface integrity lead to recommendations for the ultra precision machining of this new mold material. The influence of feed, depth of cut and cutting speed on surface quality, resulting cutting forces and tool wear have been investigated. The results show that the decisive factor for the ultra precision machining of nitrocarburized tool steel are the significantly higher cutting forces. In some cases the high cutting forces lead to vibrations during the turning process deteriorating the surface integrity. Therefore, tool nose radius and depth of cut have to be reduced to minimize the cutting forces and avoid the vibrations.

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21

J. R. Loureiro, Altino. "Safety Practices in Welding and Cutting of Metals." Metálica, no. mi09 (December 14, 2018): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30779/cmm_metalica_mi09_03.

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22

Schulz, W., D. Becker, J. Franke, R. Kemmerling, and G. Herziger. "Heat conduction losses in laser cutting of metals." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 26, no. 9 (September 14, 1993): 1357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/26/9/003.

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23

Lutey, Adrian H. A., Alessandro Ascari, Alessandro Fortunato, and Luca Romoli. "Long-pulse quasi-CW laser cutting of metals." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 94, no. 1-4 (August 8, 2017): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-0913-x.

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24

SHIMA, Kenji, Noboru MORITA, and Yoshitaro YOSHIDA. "Study on Exoelectron Emission Behavior during Cutting Metals." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 66, no. 3 (2000): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.66.424.

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25

Jackson, Mark J., Grant M. Robinson, and Waqar Ahmed. "Micromachining selected metals using diamond coated cutting tools." International Journal of Nanomanufacturing 1, no. 2 (2006): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnm.2006.012201.

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26

Stepanov, G. V., V. V. Kharchenko, V. A. Fedorchuk, A. L. Abramovich, and V. N. Mal'kov. "The behavior of metals during high-speed cutting." Strength of Materials 26, no. 6 (June 1994): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02209412.

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27

Na, S. J., Y. S. Yang, H. M. Koo, and T. K. Kim. "Effect of Shielding Gas Pressure in Laser Cutting of Sheet Metals." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 111, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3226472.

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To investigate the influence of the shielding gas pressure on the laser cut quality, a series of experiments was conducted for various cutting conditions. The cutting pressure distribution was measured on the workpiece, and also beneath the workpiece with a prepared kerf for various nozzle pressures and nozzle-to-workpiece distances. The cut specimens were inspected by various manners such as dross observation, surface roughness test, and kerf width measurement. Based on the data of pressure measurements and the results of the cut surface inspection, the influence of the considered cutting conditions on the cut quality could be evaluated. The cutting pressure beneath the bottom surface was slightly different from that on the top surface and the pressures on two surfaces had a substantial influence on the dross state. But they possessed only a negligible effect on the surface roughness and kerf width, except the extreme case, where the cut kerf could not be obtained. It could be also revealed that the cutting pressure, which has a close relationship with the nozzle-to-workpiece distance under a given nozzle pressure, affects the range of the available cutting speed.

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28

Madhavan, V., S. Chandrasekar, and T. N. Farris. "Direct Observations of the Chip-Tool Interface in the Low Speed Cutting of Pure Metals." Journal of Tribology 124, no. 3 (May 31, 2002): 617–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1398546.

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An experimental study of the chip-tool interface and its evolution in the low speed cutting of metals has been carried out. Specially prepared transparent glass and sapphire tools have been used to cut commercially pure metals such as lead, aluminum and copper. The chip-tool interface has been observed in situ using optical microscopy and recorded on film and video tape. By observing the motion of inhomogeneities in the chip, and profilometry of the chip and tool surfaces, it has been established that there is intimate sliding contact between the chip and the tool at and near the cutting edge. Farther away from the cutting edge and close to the end of the chip-tool contact, metal transfer and sticking are observed between the chip and tool surfaces. It has been shown that metal deposition on the rake face initially occurs near the point at which the chip curls out of contact with the tool and progressively extends outward and away from the cutting edge in conjunction with an increase in the length of contact as cutting progresses. The sticking and sliding zones are unchanged when these pure metals are machined with tungsten carbide tools.

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29

Yilbas, B. S. "Laser cutting of thick sheet metals: Effects of cutting parameters on kerf size variations." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 201, no. 1-3 (May 2008): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.11.265.

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30

Anakhov, S. V., Yu A. Pykin, A. V. Matushkin, and B. N. Guzanov. "Development and research of new technologies for precision plasma cutting of metals." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 77, no. 7 (August 1, 2021): 829–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-7-829-834.

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Plasma torches of Russian origin concede to import metal-cutting plasma facilities by several parameters, in particular energy efficiency, quality of cut, degree of automation. To increase efficiency and safety of domestic electro-plasma technologies itь is necessary to perfect methods of analysis of known design solutions to provide new developments. The results of the plasma torches design widely used in metallurgical and machine-building technologies for air-plasma cutting of metals presented. It was noted that productivity, cutting quality and reliability of plasma equipment should be chosen as the main criteria of efficiency for plasma cutting technology. It was shown that special attention should be paid to improving the gas-vortex stabilizing method for the plasma forming gas, which ensures the efficiency of both the plasma torch and the plasma cutting process as a whole. Results of studies of a complex system for arranging the flow of plasma-forming gas through the channels of the gas-air path in the plasma torch and the subsequent creation of new systems for stabilizing the arc discharge of metal cutting DC plasma torches with high technological capabilities presented. The study was carried out by the methods of numerical simulation of gas-dynamic and thermo-physical processes for various designs of plasma torches. Optimized designs of plasma torches with various variants of gas-vortex stabilization systems were elaborated. A series of elaborated torches, which includes a single-stream plasma torches ПМВР-5 for precision cutting of medium thickness metals, as well as two-stream plasma torches ПМВР-9 for cutting metals of small and medium thicknesses presented. The last plasma torches use the technology of narrow-jet or compressed plasma and have no domestic analogues. A methodology of metal-cutting plasma torches designing by gas-dynamic, thermo-physical and acoustic criteria was elaborated. The results of experimental studies showed that the use of new ПМВР-5 plasma torches allows to obtain precision cuts corresponding to the 1st and 2nd quality classes according to GOST 14792-80 on steels of the 09Г2С type of medium thickness. It was also shown that the use of new plasma torches makes it possible to perform precision finishing plasma cutting on low-carbon steels of medium thickness (without additional mechanical processing of the cutting edge) in the production technologies of welded joints.

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31

Romanenko, Victor, Mykhaylo Bloshchytsyn, Ivan Zheget, and Yuriy Yurchenko. "DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGICAL IMPROVEMENTS OF THE PROCESS OF LASER CUTTING OF METALS." Technical Sciences and Technologies, no. 4(30) (2022): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2022-4(30)-71-79.

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An analysis of the existing methods of laser cutting is given and the features of constructive and technological improvement of the process are presented. The technology of laser cutting of metals, in particular sheet metal, is constantlybeing improved and modernized. Expanding the functionality of existing equipment on the market can be done by using two or more laser heads. The laser heads move synchronously and are programmatically coordinated among themselves in six coordinates. This allows not only to increase the speed of the cutting process, but also provides the possibility of simultaneously cutting several different parts or holes from one sheet or more sheets, which ensures the expansion of functionality, as wellas the acceleration of the cutting process.At the same time, the disadvantages of the traditional method of contour laser cutting are the low quality of the cut edges. To improve the quality of laser cutting, it is recommended to reduce the thermal effect on the metal of the workpiece with the help of a cooling liquid sprayed along with the gas flow, which allows to reduce the thermal conductivity of the metal of the workpiece. A significant drawback of this method is the complex design of the laser installation. Taking into account other disadvantages of the traditional contour laser cutting method (non-perpendicularity and high roughness) and the possible range of metal thicknesses, a combined laser cutting method was proposed. A combined laser installation was developed, where sheet metal is subjected to mechanical activation before laser cutting, which consists in cold plastic deformation. At the same time, the mechanical activation of the metal sheet occurs, which leads to a decrease in the thermal conductivity of the metaldue to its deformation hardening and, as a result, a reduction (localization) of the zone of thermal influence in the cutting zone. The observed effect is due to the compaction of the crystal lattice of the metal, the increase in the density of dislocationsduring plastic deformation. Whenapplying preliminary deformation, not only the width of the cut in the metal is reduced, but also the roughness of the cut surface and the size of the thermally affected zone at its edges.The presented technological solution makes it possible to reduce the cost of the product by reducing the labor intensity of further metalwork as a result of increasing the accuracy of dimensions and reducing the roughness of the cut surface and significantly reducing the width of the cut.

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Guerra Silva, Rafael, Uwe Teicher, Alexander Brosius, and Steffen Ihlenfeldt. "2D Finite Element Modeling of the Cutting Force in Peripheral Milling of Cellular Metals." Materials 13, no. 3 (January 23, 2020): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030555.

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The machining of cellular metals has been a challenge, as the resulting surface is extremely irregular, with torn off or smeared material, poor accuracy, and subsurface damage. Although cutting experiments have been carried out on cellular materials to study the influence of cutting parameters, current analytical and experimental techniques are not suitable for the analysis of heterogeneous materials. On the other hand, the finite element (FE) method has been proven a useful resource in the analysis of heterogeneous materials, such as cellular materials, metal foams, and composites. In this study, a two-dimensional finite element model of peripheral milling for cellular metals is presented. The model considers the kinematics of peripheral milling, depicting the advance of the tool into the workpiece and the interaction between the cutting edge and the mesostructure. The model is able to simulate chip separation as well as the surface and subsurface damage on the machined surface. Although the calculated average cutting force is not accurate, the model provides a reasonable estimation of maximum cutting force. The influences of mesostructure on cutting processes are highlighted and the effects in peripheral milling of cellular materials are discussed.

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POPLACEBEL, Marius, and Daniela Monica IORDACHE. "A brief review of milling hard metals." University of Pitesti. Scientific Bulletin - Automotive Series 32, no. 1 (November 10, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26825/bup.ar.2022.005.

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The development of technology in recent years, as well as the need to obtain high precision surfaces and in the shortest possible time, has led to the search for new cutting methods. CNC machine tools show high productivity, high precision pieces can be obtained from one or two positions, and materials with high hardness can be processed. Milling is a manufacturing process that allows the processing of flat surfaces and complex surfaces. In recent years, numerous studies have been carried out regarding the milling processing of hard materials. This paper presents a short review regarding the researched materials, the parameters of the cutting, the tools used, and the analyzed parameters

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Chandrasekharan, V., S. G. Kapoor, and R. E. DeVor. "A Mechanistic Approach to Predicting the Cutting Forces in Drilling: With Application to Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials." Journal of Engineering for Industry 117, no. 4 (November 1, 1995): 559–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2803534.

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In this paper models are developed to predict the thrust and torque forces at the different regions of cutting on a drill. The mechanistic approach adopted to develop these models exploits the geometry of the process, which is independent of the workpiece material. The models are calibrated to a particular material using the well-established relationships between chip load and cutting forces, modified to take advantage of the characteristics of the drill point geometry. The models are validated independently for the cutting lips and the chisel edge for drilling both metals and fiber-reinforced composite materials for a wide range of machining conditions and drill geometry. While the cutting-lips model predictions agree well with the experimental data for both materials, only the chisel-edge model proposed for metals agrees well with the experimental data.

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Švitra, D., R. Grigolienė, and A. Puidokaitė. "Regulation of an ovulatory cycle." Nonlinear Analysis: Modelling and Control 2 (December 21, 1998): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/na.1998.2.0.15294.

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In the practice of processing of metals by cutting it is necessary to overcome the vibration of the cutting tool, the processed detail and units of the machine tool. These vibrations in many cases are an obstacle to increase the productivity and quality of treatment of details on metal-cutting machine tools. Vibration at cutting of metals is a very diverse phenomenon due to both it’s nature and the form of oscillatory motion. The most general classification of vibrations at cutting is a division them into forced vibration and autovibrations. The most difficult to remove and poorly investigated are the autovibrations, i.e. vibrations arising at the absence of external periodic forces. The autovibrations, stipulated by the process of cutting on metalcutting machine are of two types: the low-frequency autovibrations and high-frequency autovibrations. When the low-frequency autovibration there appear, the cutting process ought to be terminated and the cause of the vibrations eliminated. Otherwise, there is a danger of a break of both machine and tool. In the case of high-frequency vibration the machine operates apparently quiently, but the processed surface feature small-sized roughness. The frequency of autovibrations can reach 5000 Hz and more.

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Švitra, Donatas, and Jolanta Janutėnienė. "Dynamics of the processes in metal machining." Nonlinear Analysis: Modelling and Control 2 (December 21, 1998): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/na.1998.2.0.15295.

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In the practice of processing of metals by cutting it is necessary to overcome the vibration of the cutting tool, the processed detail and units of the machine tool. These vibrations in many cases are an obstacle to increase the productivity and quality of treatment of details on metal-cutting machine tools. Vibration at cutting of metals is a very diverse phenomenon due to both it’s nature and the form of oscillatory motion. The most general classification of vibrations at cutting is a division them into forced vibration and autovibrations. The most difficult to remove and poorly investigated are the autovibrations, i.e. vibrations arising at the absence of external periodic forces. The autovibrations, stipulated by the process of cutting on metalcutting machine are of two types: the low-frequency autovibrations and high-frequency autovibrations. When the low-frequency autovibration there appear, the cutting process ought to be terminated and the cause of the vibrations eliminated. Otherwise, there is a danger of a break of both machine and tool. In the case of high-frequency vibration the machine operates apparently quiently, but the processed surface feature small-sized roughness. The frequency of autovibrations can reach 5000 Hz and more.

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Gaidar, S. M., M. Yu Karelina, A. M. Kolokatov, and A. V. Pydrin. "Study of the Antiwear Properties of a Cutting Fluid during Metal Cutting." Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2020, no. 13 (December 2020): 1561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036029520130108.

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Anakhov, S. V., B. N. Guzanov, A. V. Matushkin, N. B. Pugacheva, and Ya A. Pykin. "Influence of plasma torch design on cutting quality during precision air-plasma cutting of metal." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 63, no. 2 (April 29, 2020): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2020-2-155-162.

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Optical interferometry and metallographic analysis were used to study structure of cutting seams obtained after 09G2S steel cutting by PMVR-5 plasma torch. These plasma torches have a number of design features in the system of gas-dynamic stabilization of plasma arc. It is shown that application of new plasma torch allows obtaining higher quality of cutting 09G2S steel of medium thickness with high productivity and lower energy costs. Metallographic analysis has shown that qualitative composition of the cut surface structure is almost the same, so priority criteria for comparative quality analysis are parameters of surface microgeometry. Evaluation of this parameter shows high quality of cutting almost along the entire length of a cut, since the influence of technological features of plasma arc cut into the metal affects at a distance of less than 0.3 mm from the edge of the sheet. The use of additional methods of gas-dynamic stabilization in PMVR -5.2 plasma torch (feed symmetry with a double swirl system of plasma-forming gas) allows to achieve additional advantages in terms of surface quality compared to PMVR -5.1. A number of features that affects quality of cut when cutting metals of different thicknesses for welding, is noted depending on the angle of inclination of plasma torch during cutting. Estimates of the surface layer hardness indicate minimal deviations from the requirements of GAZPROM Standard 2-2.4-083 (instructions on welding technologies in the construction and repair of field and main gas pipelines), which allows further use of cutting seams obtained by studied plasma torches for welding without removing zones of thermal influence. Thus, application of new plasma torches makes possible precision finishing plasma cutting of metals, including production of welded joints.

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Yamaguchi, K., T. Nakamoto, T. Mizuno, and S. Daido. "The Development of Free Machining Sintered Metals Including Nonmetallic Materials." Journal of Engineering for Industry 115, no. 3 (August 1, 1993): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2901661.

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This paper deals with the lubricating action of nonmetallic inclusions in metal cutting. The purpose of this study is to find the most effective inclusions for metal cutting, and to develop free machining sintered metals including nonmetallic materials. The most effective additives are glass, boron nitride, and talc. By the addition of 3 percent glass to the iron, tool life could be increased 60 times.

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Zelepugin, Aleksey S., and Sergey A. Zelepugin. "Numerical Simulation of High-Speed Orthogonal Cutting of Metals." Applied Mechanics and Materials 756 (April 2015): 513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.756.513.

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Processes of high-speed orthogonal cutting of metal workpieces are numerically investigated with modified finite element method in the framework of the elastic-plastic model in the range of cutting speeds 1-200 m/s. To simulate the failure of the material under high-velocity impact, we applied an active-type kinetic model determining the growth of microdamages, which continuously changes the properties of the material and induce the relaxation of stresses. The threshold value of specific energy of shear deformations is used as a criterion of chip separation. Necessity of using an additional criterion of chip formation is revealed, the threshold value of specific volume of microdamages is offered as the additional criterion.

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Al-Zboon, Kamel K. "Recycling of Stone Cutting Waste For Heavy Metals Removal." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 44, no. 4 (November 1, 2018): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm.2018.356.

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Toshmatov, E., A. Akhmedov, and Z. Ibragimova. "Thermodynamic bases of mechanical working of metals by cutting." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 883 (July 21, 2020): 012098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/883/1/012098.

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Arif, A. F. M., B. S. Yilbas, and B. J. Abdul Aleem. "Laser cutting of thick sheet metals: Residual stress analysis." Optics & Laser Technology 41, no. 3 (April 2009): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2008.07.006.

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Amara, E. H., K. Kheloufi, T. Tamsaout, R. Fabbro, and K. Hirano. "Numerical investigations on high-power laser cutting of metals." Applied Physics A 119, no. 4 (April 10, 2015): 1245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-015-9154-8.

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Nodel’man, M. O. "Estimating the final yield point when cutting plastic metals." Russian Engineering Research 29, no. 10 (October 2009): 1002–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x09100098.

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Abrosimov, K. S., and A. V. Morozova. "Reducing cutting forces at advanced plastic deformation of metals." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 483 (March 20, 2019): 012072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/483/1/012072.

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Sagapuram, Dinakar, Ho Yeung, Yang Guo, Anirban Mahato, Rachid M'Saoubi, W. Dale Compton, Kevin P. Trumble, and Srinivasan Chandrasekar. "On control of flow instabilities in cutting of metals." CIRP Annals 64, no. 1 (2015): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2015.04.059.

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Yadav, Shwetabh, Gan Feng, and Dinakar Sagapuram. "Dynamics of shear band instabilities in cutting of metals." CIRP Annals 68, no. 1 (2019): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2019.04.030.

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Volosova, Marina, Artur Migranov, and Maksim Rai. "Modeling of Thermophysical Phenomena When Cutting with Coated Tools." EPJ Web of Conferences 248 (2021): 04019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124804019.

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The results of computer simulation of thermophysical phenomena in the contact zone during blade cutting of metals with multi-layer composite wear-resistant coatings that ensure the adaptability of the cutting wedge to friction conditions are presented. On-site experimental studies of the cutting temperature during turning with various coatings, structural-phase analysis of the surface layer of the cutting tool to explain the mechanism of formation of secondary structures with a shielding effect – the effect of selforganization.

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Zhang, Hui Ping, X. P. Ji, Jue Wang, and Er Liang Liu. "Effect of Cutting Speed on Chip Fracture Strain in High Speed Cutting." Materials Science Forum 626-627 (August 2009): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.626-627.65.

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This paper deals with the effect of cutting speed on chip fracture strain in high speed cutting. Firstly, a chip-fracture-strain-measuring device is designed and made according to chip breaking principle. Secondly, experiments are performed by the chip-fracture-strain-measuring device. The experiment results show that chip fracture strain increases first and then diminishes as cutting speed increasing in high speed cutting while feedrate and depth of cut are constant values. Lastly, the effect of cutting speed on chip fracture strain is theoretically analysed from three main factors which affect chip fracture strain. The study above lays a theory and basis for future investigation of chip fracture strain of the other metals and for future investigation the mechanism and chip breaking forecast system of 3-D groove insert in high speed cutting.

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