Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cutting machines Numerical control Programming

Academic literature on the topic 'Cutting machines Numerical control Programming'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Cutting machines Numerical control Programming"

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She, Chen Hua, Jian Yu Lin, and Shen Yung Lin. "Numerical Control Programming System for Mill-Turn Machining." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 1154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.1154.

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To develop the numerical control program of mill-turn machine, the traditional method is to apply the computer-aided design and manufacture software to construct the geometric model, then to generate tool path and convert the path to NC program. For complex numerical control program of mill-turn machine, such as the multiple turret synchronized motion machining, because of the need to control time sequence, the NC program is highly required on using of dedicated software system. The objective of this paper is to establish a mill-turn machining system with window interface of via the language of Borland C++ Builder. The developed system can plan the machining path of simple mill-turn features, including turning shape, axial slot milling, and radial packet milling, and generate the corresponding NC program. For the milling functions, after the offset coordinates are calculated along the polygonal angle vector in the center point of cutters, the NC program is generated. For the turning functions, through importing the 2D DXF (Drawing Exchange Format) file and inputting related configurations, the entity coordinates can be retrieved and the corresponding NC program is then converted. By means of the solid cutting simulation software and practical cutting experiment for the generated numerical control program, the accuracy of the tool path generation algorithm is confirmed. Hence, the cost of purchasing commercial software can be saved and the time of generating program can also be decreased so that the working efficiency can be enhanced.
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Wang, Chao, Lin Nan Han, Yuan Yao, Qian Sheng Zhao, and Qing Xi Hu. "Research on Numerical Control Machining Simulation Based on Power Mill and VERICUT." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 2200–2204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.2200.

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To prevent the collision of tools and machine during the process of numerical control processing, reduce the number of cutting experiments and improve the production efficiency, it is a better way by using virtual simulation. This paper based on a mold cavity model of STL files, realized the numerical control programming based on Power Mill, researched the dynamic simulation process based on VERICUT, and at last verified the correctness and practicability of VERICUT simulation result by physical processing, which provided a reliable reference for physical machining.
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Chen, Wen Bing, Jin Chun Feng, and Song He Huang. "Research on New Machining Method that Cutting Arc Surfaces in SIEMENS840D System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 84-85 (August 2011): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.84-85.172.

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Analyzed the commonly used method that machined large diameter hole bottom transition arc surface, it’ advantages and shortcoming. Through an example, we introduced the method of using the R parameter programming of SIEMENS840D numerical control system when milling cut large diameter transition arc surfaces. This method's application has the positive significance to reduce the programming and other non-productive work time, guaranteed processing quality, raised the machining efficiency, so we introduce this method and hope it is helpful to machining of similar parts.
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Liu, Ri Liang, and Hai Guang Zhu. "A STEP Compliant Framework for Cutting Force Prediction for NC Turning Operations." Advanced Materials Research 889-890 (February 2014): 1009–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.889-890.1009.

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With STEP-NC (ISO 14649) being gradually accepted as new standard for programming computerized numerical control (CNC) machine tools, new technologies and computer systems in the design and manufacturing process chain are emerging, and conventional systems are reshaping, to support interoperable and intelligent manufacturing. This paper addresses issues and solutions for the adaptation. In the first place, a strategy for adapting legacy CNC turning machine tools to the emerging standard is presented. In the second place, the new data model is analyzed and a practical way to retrieve and extract manufacturing information from the STEP-NC part program for turning process is presented. In the third place a workable approach to calculating the cutting force and chip load in turning operations is presented based on the mechanistic modeling method. Finally the proposed approach is implemented in a prototype system and tested with an example STEP-NC program for turning, which shows not only the feasibility of the proposed approach for information extraction and process evaluation, but also the possibility of using simple transitional systems to bridge the gap between the sophisticated STEP-NC part program and conventional CNC machines.
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She, Chen Hua, Kai Sheng Li, and Yueh Hsun Tsai. "Development of Five-Axis Machine Tool Cutting Simulation System with Nonorthogonal Linear Axis." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 1587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.1587.

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Five-axis machine tools with two additional rotational degrees of freedom provide more flexibility in tilting the tool axis to various orientations than conventional three-axis machine tools do, subsequently increasing the cutting efficiency and avoiding tool collision against a workpiece. Also, the risk of programming error can be avoided by simulating the five-axis Numerical Control (NC) code before real machining. This work presents a five-axis machine tool cutting simulation system with a nonorthogonal linear axis configuration. A window-based cutting system written by Borland C++ Builder and OpenGL is also developed based on the kinematics model of the proposed machine tool. Furthermore, implementing and verifying the five-axis NC code demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
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Chen, Feng, Liang Yao Gu, Yue Yang, and Chun Yang Jia. "Design and Realization of Helical Rotor NC Automatic Programming System." Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (December 2012): 1469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.1469.

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Helical rotor is a core component of helical-lobe compressor. Analysis was made on the geometrical properties of tooth curves. Using standard spherical milling cutter on 4-axis NC machine, normal migration method was used to rotor surface processing. Based on the generation characteristics of helical rotor surface, object-oriented design method is used to achieve automatic programming system of helical rotor. The calculation of helical rotor end face profile lines and cutter location point are realized, and over cutting analysis is carried out to generate high efficient numerical control processing program.
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Omirou, Sotiris L., and Marios M. Fyrillas. "A General G-Code Algorithm for Deep Hole Drilling." Journal for Manufacturing Science and Production 15, no. 2 (May 15, 2015): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmsp-2014-0028.

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AbstractHole drilling is the most common machining operation performed on computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools or machining workshops. Drilling appears to be a relatively simple process however; when it involves drilling deep holes, it becomes one of the most complicated metal cutting processes. Although modern machine tool controllers are equipped with special drilling canned cycles, these cycles have significant constraints mainly due to their limited framework of application. The present work proposes a general G-code algorithm intended to accommodate effective deep hole drilling. The algorithm is characterized by flexibility in the pecking strategy and adaptability to the needs of each individual drilling case. The development of the proposed algorithm is based on parametric programming which is a powerful CNC programming technique.
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Liu, Kui, Pei Ling Liu, Hu Wu, and Kah Chuan Shaw. "Study on Tool-Path Generation for Ultra-Precision Machining of Optical Lens Array." Key Engineering Materials 516 (June 2012): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.516.595.

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In this study, a computer numerical control (CNC) programming software platform for ultra precision machining of optical surfaces was developed based on an MS Windows application framework and openGL. Using cylindrical coordinates, the tool path can be generated based on the polar angle, radius and a linear coordinate of the Z-axis, as well as cutting tool nose radius compensation. A 3D simulation based on tool path generation was developed for machining verification, which largely reduces the oscillation of the machine during the ultra precision machining process. Ultra precision machining of an optical lens array was carried out on a 5-axis ultra precision machining centre using a single crystalline diamond cutter. The experimental results indicated that the oscillation effect can be largely reduced using the cutting tool path using a super steady machining strategy. This software platform is designed as a framework, where the capability and functions can be expanded by adding in more freeform surface packages.
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Ye, Jing, and Zhi Ge Chen. "An Optimized Algorithm of Numerical Cutting-Path Control in Garment Manufacturing." Advanced Materials Research 796 (September 2013): 454–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.796.454.

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The garment cutting is a key process during the garment production. Most companies apply the manual labor or simple mechanical aids to achieve the goals. While these methods cost much time and labor. More and more automatic cutting equipment is applied to the garment cutting so as to save time, labor and materials. During the process of cutting, some problems are coming up, especially the cutting path. The cutting path of the garment numerical control cutter is regarded as generalized travelling salesman problem (GTSP). The garment contours can be regarded as the set of cities, and the nodes of a single contour can be regarded as cities. The cutter visits every contour exactly once. A hybrid intelligence algorithm was proposed to solve the problem. The ant colony algorithm was applied to a selected cutting path arbitrarily, an optimal contour sequence was found. Then the garment contour sequences shortest path was transformed into multi-segment graph shortest problem which is solved with the dynamic programming algorithm in order to optimize the knifes in-out point. The final optimal cutting path was constructed with ant colony optimization algorithm and dynamic programming algorithm. The practical application shows that the hybrid intelligence algorithm has satisfactory solution quality.
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Cheluszka, Piotr, Piotr Sobota, and Grzegorz Głuszek. "Studies of behaviour of the automatic control system of roadheader cutting heads movement." MATEC Web of Conferences 252 (2019): 09002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925209002.

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Boom–type roadheaders are basic machines used in underground mines for drilling roadways, in tunnelling and also for making underground buildings using trenchless methods. The article presents selected results of tests carried out in a semi–industrial scale, on a roadheader R–130, concerning behaviour of an innovative solution of system for automatic control of boom–type roadheader cutting heads’ movements. This important innovation, not known before in mining cutting machines, is the software control of cutting heads angular speed using a frequency converter. The text shows an impact of key values, from a perspective of an assumed control purpose, of programming device (setting system) parameters, achieving reference values for the actuators, on controlled facility behaviour when cutting a layered cement and sand block. The performance of the automatic control system without and with feedback to the setting system concerning an actual speed of cutting heads movement, which is important from the control system hardware perspective, was compared.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cutting machines Numerical control Programming"

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Hill, Mark Jeffrey. "The networking of NC and CNC machines to facilitate the electronic transfer of CAD/CAM data." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/16785.

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Cho, Wei-Chi, and 卓偉祺. "Studies on the Four-axis Numerical Control Programming for Rough Cutting of the Roller Gear Cam." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41480132836960309408.

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碩士
國立成功大學
機械工程學系
85
The purpose of this thesis is to develop a method for four-axis rough machining of the Roller Gear Cam ( R.G.C. ). This methoc allows manufacturers to choose four-axis milling machines in the rough machining stage of production, thereby decreasing the cost of implementing the five-axis machining center. First, based on the relationships between cutter and roller and the conjugate movements between roller and R.G.C., the direction of the tool-axis and the position of the tool-tip are calculated by coordinate transformation. To avoid overcut between the cutter and the design surface, the surface interference checking is performed and used as a basis to select the suitable radius of the cutter. In the case of interference between the machined surface and the design surface, a method for the cutter withdrawal is proposed to solve the problem. Then, a four-axis post-processor program is developed to convert the cutter location file to actual NC code. The methods proposed in this study were all proven through solid cutting simulation software and through a trail cut with model material. For the industrial example in this thesis, the time using the five-axis machine by the proposed methods is 30% of the original roughing time using the five-axis machine. So it decrease the machining cost. At the same time, in this study, the four-axis machine removed 87% of the roughing material, so the five-axis machine had to remove only the remaining 13%. The economic value of rough milling for the R.G.C in the four-axis machine by the proposed methods has been confirmed.
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Books on the topic "Cutting machines Numerical control Programming"

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Evans, Ken. Student workbook for programming of CNC machines. New York: Industrial Press, 2007.

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Shu kong xi xue jia gong gong yi bian cheng yu cao zuo: Machining process, programming and operation of NC milling. Beijing Shi: Ren min you dian chu ban she, 2009.

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Gao su qie xiao shu ju ku yu shu kong bian cheng ji shu. Beijing Shi: Guo fang gong ye chu ban she, 2009.

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Horath, Larry. Computer numerical control programming of machines. New York: Merrill, 1993.

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Stanley, Gabrel, ed. Programming of computer numerically controlled machines. New York, NY: Industrial Press, 1992.

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Programming of computer numerically controlled machines. 3rd ed. New York: Industrial Press, 2007.

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Evans, Ken. Programming of computer numerically controlled machines. 2nd ed. New York: Industrial Press, 2001.

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Myeyeryakova, Vyera, and Viktor Starodubov. CNC Metal-cutting Machines. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5721.

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In the manual various ways of control of metal-cutting machines are considered, the principles of construction and possibility of systems of ChPU are given. Features of configurations and designs of machines with ChPU are presented, ways of expansion of their technological capabilities, increases of productivity, accuracy and reliability. The tasks solved during the training of managing directors of programs, feature of technological preparation, mathematical calculations and control unitary enterprise are considered. Programming bases for machines about ChPU, methods of adjusting are given, features of technological service and repair. It is intended for students of the higher educational institutions which are trained in the directions 151900 "Design-technology ensuring machine-building productions" (qualification — the bachelor) and 151000 "Technological machines and the equipment" (qualification — the bachelor) on a preparation profile "Metal-cutting machines and complexes", and also for preparation in lyceums, technical schools, on special courses of CNC operators, members of repair crews, technologists-programmers.
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ZnO bao mo zhi bei ji qi guang, dian xing neng yan jiu. Shanghai Shi: Shanghai da xue chu ban she, 2010.

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Evans, Ken. Student Workbook for Programming of CNC Machines. Industrial Press, Incorporated, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cutting machines Numerical control Programming"

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Xu, Xun. "Program CNCs." In Integrating Advanced Computer-Aided Design, Manufacturing, and Numerical Control, 188–229. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-714-0.ch009.

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A CNC machine can be programmed in different ways to machine a workpiece. In addition to creating the cutting program, many other factors also need to be considered or programmed. These include workholding devices, cutting tools, machining conditions as well as the machining strategy. The first generation CNCs were programmed manually and punched tapes were used as a medium for transferring the machine control data (MCD), that is, G-codes into a controller. Tapes were later replaced by RS232 cables, floppy disks, and finally standard computer network cables. Today’s CNC machines are controlled directly from files created by CAD/CAM or CAM software packages, so that a part or assembly can go directly from design to manufacturing without the need of producing a drafted paper drawing of the component. This means that for the first time, bringing design and manufacturing under the same automation regime becomes a reachable target. Error detection features give CNC machines the ability to alert the operator in different ways including giving a ring to the operation’s mobile phone if it detects that a tool has broken. While the machine is awaiting replacement on the tool, it would run other parts that are already loaded up to that tool and wait for the operator. The focus of this chapter is on a detailed account of the basics of CNC programming, and the emphasis is on G-code and Automatic Programming Tool (APT). G-code is still the dominant manual programming language for CNC machine tools. It is also the main form of control commands many CAD/CAM (or CAM) systems output. APT was developed soon after G-codes and CNC machine tools were developed to alleviate the drudgery work of straight G-code programming. Modern CAD/CAM systems these days are now becoming the main-stream tools for CNC programming.
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"Machining, Grinding, and Finishing." In Gear Materials, Properties, and Manufacture, 89–127. ASM International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.gmpm.t51250089.

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Abstract Metal removal processes for gear manufacture can be grouped into two general categories: rough machining (or gear cutting) and finishing (or high-precision machining). This chapter discusses the processes involved in machining for bevel and other gears. The chapter describes the type of gear as the major variable and discusses the machining methods best suited to specific conditions. Next, the chapter provides information on gear cutter material and nominal speeds and feeds for gear hobbing. Further, it describes the cutting fluids recommended for gear cutting and presents a comparison of steels for gear cutting. The operating principles of computer numerical control and hobbing machines are also covered. This is followed by sections that discuss the processes involved in grinding, honing, and lapping of gears. Finally, the chapter provides information on the superfinishing of gears.
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Conference papers on the topic "Cutting machines Numerical control Programming"

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Sang, Zhiqian, and Xun Xu. "Development of a Smart Computer Numerical Control System." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65984.

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Traditional Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines use ISO6983 (G/M code) for part programming. G/M code has a number of drawbacks and one of them is lack of interoperability. The Standard for the Exchange of Product for NC (STEP-NC) as a potential replacement for G/M code aims to provide a unified and interoperable data model for CNC. In a modern CNC machine tool, more and more motors, actuators and sensors are implemented and connected to the NC system, which leads to large quantity of data being transmitted. The real-time Ethernet field-bus is faster and more deterministic and can fulfill the requirement of data transmission in the high-speed and high-precision machining scenarios. It can provide more determinism on communication, openness, interoperability and reliability than a traditional field-bus. With a traditional CNC system using G/M code, when the machining is interrupted by incidents, restarting the machining process is time-consuming and highly experience-dependent. The proposed CNC controller can generate just-in-time tool paths for feature-based machining from a STEP-NC file. When machining stoppage occurs, the system can recover from stoppage incidents with minimum human intervention. This is done by generating new tool paths for the remaining machining process with or without the availability of the original cutting tool. The system uses a real-time Ethernet field-bus as the connection between the controller and the motors.
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Atluru, Sri, Amit Deshpande, Sam Huang, and Ron Pieper. "PneuViz: MTConnect Compliant Compressed Air Monitoring Application." In ASME 2012 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 40th North American Manufacturing Research Conference and in participation with the International Conference on Tribology Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2012-7389.

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Compressed air is regarded as the fourth largest utility in the manufacturing industry behind electricity, natural gas and water. It is used in a wide variety of pneumatic, mechanical and maintenance applications in every manufacturing facility. However, very little efforts have been made in trying to monitor and optimize the utilization of compressed air. Hence, a project was conducted to study and analyze the utilization of compressed air under various scenarios that are typical during metal cutting operation in a manufacturing facility. PneuViz application was developed using LabVIEW programming package to monitor and analyze the results. PneuViz was seamlessly linked with the MTConnect data being broadcasted on the corporate network. PneuViz provides drill down capability to analyze cost of compressed air on a per part, per machine, and per customer order. Monitoring the utilization of compressed air by a stand-alone Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine as well as the overall utilization on the shop floor was facilitated by the use of a sensor system comprising of a flow meter, Data Acquisition Device (DAQ), and a power sensor (load meter). MTConnect was used to enable plug-and-play functionality across the various machines on the shop floor. This was implemented by developing a system of MTConnect adapters that were able to capture the raw sensor data and broadcast it over the Ethernet network. Subsequently, analysis was carried out over various scenarios to determine the cost, energy and carbon footprint impact of the compressed air usage on the manufacturing shop floor.
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Basova, Tatiana Vladimirovna, Yuri Sergeevich Andreev, and Maria Vladimirovna Basova. "The Development of Cutting Tools Active Control Methodology for Numerical Control Milling Machines." In 2022 International Ural Conference on Electrical Power Engineering (UralCon). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/uralcon54942.2022.9906666.

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Radhakrishnan, Anupam, Roger Fales, and Brian Mann. "Milling Bifurcations: A Numerical Study." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86852.

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In this work, a new model for predicting the dynamic behavior of the milling process is developed. Modeling of the discontinuous cutting forces now takes into account the motion of the cutting tool. The chip thickness is determined by using a search algorithm at each simulation step that determines when the tool cutting edge is in contact with the work piece and how far below the surface the cutting edge is. This new model has lead to a new, more precise, understanding of the stability of the dynamic milling system. For example, the new model is able to predict hysteresis effects in the point at which stability bifurcations occur. The bifurcation point depends on the direction of the change of the control parameter, depth of cut. The hysteresis effect was first seen in experimental results. The model details are presented with the aid programming flow charts. Simulation results show that the tool motion is unstable at large depth of cut and becomes stable as the depth of cut is slowly decreased. If the simulation begins with a small depth of cut stable behavior is exhibited. As the depth of cut slowly increases, the behavior becomes unstable. The depth of cut parameter value at which the bifurcation occurs depends on whether the depth of cut is increasing or decreasing. Simulation results show that an impulse can be given to the simulation to cause the system to jump from one attractor to another.
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Hunko, Wesley S., and Lewis N. Payton. "Implementing Computer Numerical Controls Affordably at a Four Year University." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66152.

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Additive manufacturing, fundamentally, is computerized numerical controls using a specialized printer head as the “tool”. Any new curriculum implementing “additive manufacturing” stands upon the fundamental and advanced work done before in computer numerical controls. Although there certainly is a need for end user laboratories based upon purchased printers, the challenge in designing curriculums that support developing the next generation of additive manufacturing must also include computer numerical controls. The best designers must be able to picture the entire system when developing new systems. During the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, the “hands-on” engineering laboratories typical of the post-World War II engineering campus gave way to computerized laboratories and simulation. Traditional engineering assets (lathes, mills, drill presses, etc.) were retired as they aged without replacement in favor of computer laboratories full of PC’s and software. As the 20th century ended, there was a realization that computer simulation is no substitute for “cutting metal” or “making things”. Designers need to understand process in order to communicate with technologists from trade schools and industry. Even a simple engineering drawing can often simply not be created due to process limitations (e.g., a perfectly drawn internal 90-degree angle in a CAD drawing does not occur in nature OR a machine shop). As the four year universities shut down their hands on programs, the two year programs implemented complex computer numerical controls curriculums to train operators for industry. The incredibly expensive equipment needed to do this is funded by state governments trying to attract industry to the state. The four year universities, responsible for creating the next generation of manufacturing machines, do not have access to THIS generations machines. The National Science Foundation and state governments don’t see the need for upper level engineering students to have ready access to machines that cost up to a million dollars each. The universities fortunate to have CNC machines usually keep them locked away from the students for safety of the machines and the students. Technicians make things for the students on the limited number or machines available. There is no understanding of the machines and very little understanding of the processes the machines are doing. An earlier paper by the authors described a way to implement an affordable undergraduate “manual” innovation laboratory. This article describes an affordable way for upper level universities to implement an effective machine design atmosphere for subtractive and additive manufacturing. The students modify existing machines from that earlier laboratory into multi-axis CNC machines. Students have successfully built five axis mills, lathes with live tooling and now a unique metal printing machine. The goal is not to create operators, but to enable designers of the next generation of machines. At the very least, students are immediately useful as design engineers when hired by companies making the most advanced (and expensive) additive/subtractive machines. The emphasis is not on expensive super machines but on very capable simple machines as emphasized in the Toyota Production System. One specific, inexpensive example will be provided for other institutions to utilize. The result has been an affordable laboratory that supports undergraduate students, graduate research students, and the university as a whole while teaching the design and control of computer numerical machines.
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Chen, Lin-Lin, and Tony C. Woo. "Computational Geometry on the Sphere With Application to Automated Machining." In ASME 1990 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1990-0021.

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Abstract Based on observations made on the geometry of the cutting tools and the degrees of freedom in 3-, 4-, 5-axis numerical control machines, a new class of geometric algorithms is induced — on the unit Sphere. Spherical algorithms are useful for determining the type of tool, its path, workpiece fixturing, and the type of machine. Basic to these algorithms are four that are presented here: detection of convexity on the sphere, computation for spherically convex hull, determination of the spherical convexity of a union and the intersection of hemispheres. These four algorithms are related by duality and the sharing of partial results.
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Stock, David, Aditi Mukhopadhyay, Rob Potter, and Andy Henderson. "Tool Wear Analysis of MTConnect Production Data." In ASME 2021 16th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-63407.

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Abstract This paper presents the analysis of data collected using the MTConnect protocol from a lathe with a Computer Numerical Control (CNC). The purpose of the analysis is to determine an estimated cutting tool life and generate a model for calculating a real-time proxy of cutting tool wear. Various streams were used like spindle load, NC program blocks, the mode, execution etc. The novelty of this approach is that no information about the machining process, beyond the data provided by the machine, was necessary to determine the tool’s expected life. This method relies on the facts that a) it is generally accepted cutting loads increase with tool wear and b) that many CNC machines rely on a small set of regularly run CNC programs. These facts are leveraged to extract the total load for each run of each program on the machine, creating a dataset which is a good indicator of tool wear and replacement. The presented methodology has four key steps: extracting cycle metadata from the machine execution data; computing the integrated spindle loads for every cycle; normalizing the integrated spindle loads between different programs; extracting tool wear rates and changes from the resulting dataset. It is shown that the method can successfully extract the signature of tool wear under a common set of circumstances which are discussed in detail.
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Uebel, Karl, Henrique Raduenz, Petter Krus, and Victor Juliano de Negri. "Design Optimisation Strategies for a Hydraulic Hybrid Wheel Loader." In BATH/ASME 2018 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2018-8802.

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This paper deals with design optimisation of hydraulic hybrid drivelines during early concept design phases. To set the design parameters of a hybrid driveline such as gear ratios, pump/motor displacements and size of energy storage, the energy management of the hybrid machine needs to be considered as well. This is problematic since a nested design and control optimisation normally requires substantial computer power and is time-consuming. Few previous studies have treated combined design and control optimisation of hydraulic hybrid vehicles using detailed, non-linear component driveline models. Furthermore, previously proposed design optimisation methods for on-road vehicles are not suitable for heavy off-road machines operating in short repetitive cycles with high transient power output. The paper demonstrates and compares different optimisation approaches for design and control optimisation combining deterministic dynamic programming and non-gradient based numerical optimisation. The results show that a simple rule-based energy management strategy can be sufficient to find the optimal hardware design even though non-optimal control laws are used.
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Kawasaki, Kazumasa, Isamu Tsuji, and Hiroshi Gunbara. "Tooth Contact Analysis and Manufacture on Multi-Tasking Machine of Large-Sized Straight Bevel Gears." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48760.

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Straight bevel gears are widely used in the plant of large-sized power generation when the gears have large size. The purpose of this study is to manufacture the large-sized straight bevel gears with equi-depth on multi-tasking machine. The manufacturing method has the advantages of arbitrary modification of the tooth surface and machining of the part without the tooth surface. For this study, first the mathematical model of straight bevel gears by complementary crown gears considering manufacture on multi-tasking machine is proposed, and the tooth contact pattern and transmission errors of these straight bevel gears with modified tooth surfaces are analyzed in order to clarify the meshing and contact of these gears. Next, the numerical coordinates on the tooth surfaces of the bevel gears are calculated and the tooth profiles are modeled using a 3D-CAD system. 5-axis control machines were utilized. The gear-work was machining by a swarf cutting using a coated carbide end mill. After rough cutting, the gear-work was heat-treated, and it was finished based on a CAM process through the calculated numerical coordinates. The pinion was also machined similarly. The real tooth surfaces were measured using a coordinate measuring machine and the tooth flank form errors were detected using the measured coordinates. As a result, the obtained tooth flank form errors were small. In addition, the tooth contact pattern of the manufactured large-sized straight bevel gears was compared with those of tooth contact analysis. As a result, there was good agreement.
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10

Simon, V. "Advanced Design and Manufacture of Face-Hobbed Spiral Bevel Gears." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10237.

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Abstract:
The design and advanced manufacture of face-hobbed spiral bevel gears on computer numerical control (CNC) hypoid generating machines is presented. The concept of face-hobbed bevel gear generation by an imaginary generating crown gear is established. In order to reduce the sensitivity of the gear pair to errors in tooth-surfaces and to the mutual position of the mating members, modifications are introduced into the teeth of both members. The lengthwise crowning of teeth is achieved by applying a slightly bigger lengthwise tooth flank curvature of the crown gear generating the concave side of pinion/gear tooth-surfaces, and/or by using tilt angle of the head-cutter in the manufacture of pinion/gear teeth. The tooth profile modification is introduced by the circular profile of the cutting edge of head-cutter blades. An algorithm is developed for the execution of motions on the CNC hypoid generating machine using the relations on the cradle-type machine. The algorithm is based on the condition that since the tool is a rotary surface and the pinion/gear blank is also related to a rotary surface, it is necessary to ensure the same relative position of the head cutter and the pinion on both machines.
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