Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cutting forces measure

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Academic literature on the topic 'Cutting forces measure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cutting forces measure"

Patil, Pradeep Kumar, and A. I. Khandwawala. "Measurement and analysis of cutting forces on single point cutting tool in turning of MS bar with dry condition and rust-X cutting fluid." International Journal of Structural Integrity 7, no. 3 (June 13, 2016): 359–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-02-2015-0008.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to measure the effect of rake angle on cutting forces on the rake face of single point cutting tool with two cutting conditions. The experimental setup has been developed to measure the cutting forces. The study aims to put forward the optimum cutting condition, which improves the product quality, surface finish, productivity and tool life. Design/methodology/approach – The load cell-based tool dynamometer has been developed to measure the cutting forces. The experiments have performed on the mild steel bar of hardness 60 BHN. The friction and the normal forces have measured in dry cutting condition and with rust-X cutting fluids. The cutting forces for these two cutting conditions have calculated with constant depth of cut, speed and feed with different rake angles in the range of degrees 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15 and 20. Findings – The experimental observations shows the variations of friction and normal forces with different cutting conditions and parameters. It shows the friction force on rake face increase and the normal force on the rake face decreases with increase the rake angle. Research limitations/implications – The observations has done only for mild steel of hardness 60 BHN. It can also be perform on different materials and for different cutting conditions. Practical implications – The experimental setup developed in this research can be used in the manufacturing industry. It can help to decide and maintain the optimum cutting conditions. Originality/value – The observations have been made on an experimental setup, which fulfills the actual working/cutting conditions as per the use in industries.

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Park, Simon S., and Yusuf Altintas. "Dynamic Compensation of Spindle Integrated Force Sensors With Kalman Filter." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 126, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1789531.

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This paper presents a dynamically compensated Spindle Integrated Force Sensor (SIFS) system to measure cutting forces. Piezo-electric force sensors are integrated into the stationary spindle housing. The structural dynamic model between the cutting forces acting on the tool tip and the measured forces at the spindle housing is identified. The system is first calibrated to compensate the influence of spindle run-out and unbalance at different speeds. Using the cutting force signals measured at the spindle housing, a Kalman Filter is designed to filter the influence of structural modes on the force measurements. The frequency bandwidth of the proposed sensor system is significantly increased with the proposed sensing and the signal processing method.

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Rezvani, Sina, Chang-Ju Kim, Simon S. Park, and Jihyun Lee. "Simultaneous Clamping and Cutting Force Measurements with Built-In Sensors." Sensors 20, no. 13 (July 3, 2020): 3736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20133736.

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The intensity of the clamping force during milling operations is very important, because an excessive clamping force can distort the workpiece, while inadequate clamping causes slippage of the workpiece. Since the overall clamping force can be affected by the cutting forces throughout machining, it is necessary to monitor the change of clamping and the cutting forces during the process. This paper proposes a hybrid system in the form of a vise with built-in strain gauges and in-house-developed piezoelectric sensors for simultaneous measurement of clamping and cutting forces. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) sensors are fabricated and embedded in a layered jaw to measure the dynamic forces of the machine tool. A cross-shaped groove within the jaw is designed to embed strain gauges, which predominantly measure the static clamping forces. Sensor fusion technology combining the signals of the strain gauges and PZT piezoelectric sensors is used to investigate the interactions between cutting forces and clamping forces. The results show average errors of 11%, 17%, and 6% for milling forces in X, Y, and Z directions, respectively; and 19% error for clamping forces, confirming the capability of the setup to monitor the forces in milling.

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Sheu, Jinn Jong, Dong Mei Xu, and Chin Wei Liu. "Cutting Force and Tool Deflection Predictions for High Speed Machining of Hard to Cut Material." Advanced Materials Research 154-155 (October 2010): 1157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.154-155.1157.

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The dimension accuracy and the too life are the major issues of the machining of hard-to-cut materials. To fulfill the requirements of accuracy and tool life needs not only well planning of cutting path but also the proper cutting conditions of cutters. The vibration and deflection of cutters caused by poor selection of cutting conditions can be predicted using models of cutting force and tool deflection. In this paper, a cutting force model considering the effect of tool helical angle and a cantilever beam model of tool deflection were proposed for the high speed machining of hard-to-cut material SKD11. The shearing force, the plowing forces, and the helical angle of cutters are considered in the elemental force model. The material of workpiece, SKD11, studied in this paper is commonly used for the die and mold industries. The cutting constants of the proposed force model are determined via the cutting experiments carried out on a high speed machining center. A dynamometer and a high frequency data acquisition system were used to measure the x-, y-, and z-direction cutting forces. The obtained cutting constants were used to predict the cutting forces and compared with the results obtained from the cutting experiment of verification using cutters with different helical angles. The theoretical and the experimental cutting forces in the x-, y-, and z- direction are in good agreement using flat cutters with 30 and 45 degrees of helical angle. The dimension deviations of the cut surface in the cutting experiment case of tool deflection were measured using a touch probe and an infrared receiver installed on the machining center. The measured average dimension deviation, 0.163mm, is close to the predicted tool deflection, 0.153mm, using the proposed cantilever beam model. The comparisons of the cutting forces and the average of the cut surface dimension deviation are in good agreement and verify the proposed cutting force and the tool deflection models are feasible and useful.

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Matsubara, Atsushi, and Soichi Ibaraki. "Monitoring and Control of Cutting Forces in Machining Processes: A Review." International Journal of Automation Technology 3, no. 4 (July 5, 2009): 445–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2009.p0445.

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Much research has gone into machining process monitoring and control. This paper reviews monitoring and control schemes of cutting force and torque. Sensors to measure cutting force and torque, as well as their indirect estimation, are reviewed. Feedback control schemes and model-based feedforward scheduling schemes of cutting forces, as well as tool path optimization schemes for cutting force regulation, are reviewed. The authors’ works are also briefly presented.

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Lyu, Yanlin, Muhammad Jamil, Ning He, Munish Kumar Gupta, and Danil Yurievich Pimenov. "Development and Testing of a High-Frequency Dynamometer for High-Speed Milling Process." Machines 9, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9010011.

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Cutting forces are strongly associated with the mechanics of the cutting process. Hence, machining forces measurements are very important to investigate the machining process, and numerous methods of cutting forces measurements have been applied. Nowadays, a dynamometer is the most popular tool for cutting forces measurements. However, the natural frequency of a dynamometer has a direct impact on the accuracy of measured cutting forces in the machining process. Therefore, few dynamometers are appropriate and reliable to measure the cutting forces at high frequencies. In this work, a new strain-gauge-based dynamometer (SGBD) with a special structure was designed, manufactured, and put to the test to ensure the measurement of high-frequency dynamic forces in the milling process. The main structure of the SGBD is symmetrical and mainly consists of a center quadrangular prism surrounded by four force sensing elastic elements, an upper support plate, and a lower support plate. The dynamic identification test was conducted and indicated that the SGBD′s natural frequency could be stabilized at a high value of 9.15 kHz. To automatically obtain the milling force data with a computer during high rotational speed milling, a data acquisition system was devised for the dynamometer. To reduce the effects of cross-sensitivity and acting point of force, an innovative model based on a conversion matrix was established for the dynamometer. Furthermore, the cutting tests were conducted at high rotational speeds (10,000–18,000 rpm), and it was found that the difference of cutting forces between the SGBD and a Kistler dynamometer are 2.3–5.8% in the X direction and 3.5–8.8% in the Y direction. The experimental findings disclosed that the new kind of dynamometer is reliably for the measurement of high-frequency dynamic forces in milling at high rotational speeds.

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Biały, Witold, Jiri Fries, and Greg Galecki. "Determination of Coal Cutting Forces Using the Cutting Head of POU-BW/01-WAP Device." Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering 4, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mape-2021-0025.

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Abstract The paper presents a method for measuring and recording the forces involved in the coal cutting process. Moreover, a method for visualization of all forces involved in the cutting process was described. In the following part, the construction and principle of operation of a device for determination of forces involved in the cutting process (coal mining), referred to by the author as POU-BW/01-WAP, are presented. Resistance extensometry was used to measure the forces. This is the only device in the world that determines two of three force components that take part in the cutting process. For this purpose, two independent measuring blocks were used, which are strain gauges of force: cutting (Fs) and knife pressure (Fd). In order to register these forces, a real mining knife used in longwall shearer drums was applied – i.e. tangential-rotary. The equipment has the ATEX certificate allowing for operation in real conditions as a device intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres – in accordance with the directive 94/9/EC. It has received many awards at world fairs for inventions and innovative solutions.

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Chanthana, Deuanphan, and Somkiat Tangjitsitcharoen. "A Study of Relation between Roundness and Cutting Force in CNC Turning Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.366.

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The roundness is one of the most important criteria to accept the mechanical parts in the CNC turning process. The relations of the roundness, the cutting conditions and the cutting forces in CNC turning is hence studied in this research. The dynamometer is installed on the turret of the CNC turning machine to measure the in-process cutting force signals. The cutting parameters are investigated to analyze the effects of them on the roundness which are the cutting speed, the feed rate, the depth of cut, the tool nose radius and the rake angle. The experimentally obtained results showed that the better roundness is obtained with an increase in cutting speed, tool nose radius and rake angle. The relation between the cutting parameters and the roundness can be explained by the in-process cutting forces. It is understood that the roundness can be monitored by using the in-process cutting forces.

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Dudzik, Krzysztof, and Wojciech Labuda. "The Possibility of Applying Acoustic Emission and Dynamometric Methods for Monitoring the Turning Process." Materials 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2020): 2926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13132926.

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Ensuring optimal turning conditions has a huge impact on the quality and properties of the machined surface. The condition of the cutting tool is one of the factors to achieve this goal. In order to control its wear during the turning process, monitoring was used. In this study, the acoustic emission method and measure of cutting forces during turning were used for monitoring that process. The research was carried out on a universal lathe center (CU500MRD type) using a Kistler dynamometer with assembled removable insert CCET09T302R-MF by DIJET Industrial CO., LTD. A dynamometer allows to measure forces Fx (radial force), Fy (feed force) and Fz (cutting force). The turning process was performed on a shaft with 60 mm diameter made of 304L stainless steel. The AE research was carried at Physical Acoustics Corporation with the kit that includes: recorder USB AE Node, preamplifier, AE-sensor VS 150M and computer with dedicated software used for recording and analyzing AE data. The aim of this paper is to compare selected diagnostic methods: acoustic emission and cutting forces measurement for monitoring wear of cutting tool edge. Analysis of the research results showed that both selected methods of monitoring the turning process allowed the determination of the beginning of the tool damage process.

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Huang, Z., Wei Zhao, Ning He, and Liang Li. "Structure Optimization Design and Application of a Strain Based Dynamometer." Materials Science Forum 770 (October 2013): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.770.385.

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A strain based dynamometer used for the prediction and measurement of three-component cutting forces for milling operations has been designed on the basis of the principle of additional elastic element theory. Meanwhile, four Wheatstone bridges, considerable amplifier and data acquisition software based on LabVIEW are also used to compose a whole system acquiring the cutting force signals. In order to obtain higher natural frequency and magnification, this paper focuses on the calculation and optimization of the dimensions of the special structure, and finally its first natural frequency can be stabilized at more than 14kHz, which are high enough to precisely measure the cutting forces, and the magnification can also achieve up to 15. The dynamic characteristics of the dynamometer are studied theoretically and experimentally, the results show that the developed dynamometer is able to measure the dynamic force component in high-speed cutting.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cutting forces measure"

Prno, Peter. "Obrábění kobaltové slitiny UmCo50." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-444280.

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The diploma thesis deals with the topic of machinability of materials. The theoretical part describes the aspects according to which machinability can be evaluated. The material side of the thesis is focused on various types of difficult-to-machine materials. The cobalt alloy UmCo50 belongs to the group of difficult-to-machine materials and it is the subject of the experimental part. UmCo50 is an alloy for high temperature use. The primary aim of the thesis was to monitor the wear of the selected cutting tool when turning this alloy. Other aspects of the selected machining process were also monitored, such as force effects or the quality of the machined surface. Despite the fact that machinability of tested materials cannot be expressed in terms of the absolute value of a quantity, it is necessary to compare the various aspects of the machining processes by reference materials. However, certain conditions of this comparison must be met. Based on this, a comparison of tested and reference material was performed.

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Dvořák, David. "Testování a analýza protahovacího stroje." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417102.

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This master's thesis deals with the broaching technology. Theoretical part includes the essay about the technology, tools and machines used for broaching. Theoretical part also describes the analysis of the broaching machine testing. Practical part is focused on the collecting, comparing and analysis of the data. These data have been collected during and after the broaching process. The supplier of the new analysed broaching machine is Stenhoj Hydraulik and the older machine has been made by Arpini. The measurements show that the increased number of broached pieces influence the cutting force and the quality of the surface due to wear of the tool which has been also monitored. The measuring dimension through the ball is almost constant. In the conclusion we evaluated the economical aspect of the results.

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Uquillas, Daniel Alberto Reyes, and Daniel Alberto Reyes Uquillas. "Tool Holder Sensor Design and Implementation using Strain Gauges to Measure Cutting Forces in CNC Turning Machines." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s3m597.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
機電整合研究所
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Cutting forces in machining operation are of great importance. There is a need to measure these forces by a simple and low cost solution. The present work covers the design and construction of a sensor to measure cutting forces generated in turning with a CNC lathe by attaching strain gauges directly inside of the tool holder, one on each side of the rectangular shank, to measure strain and estimate these forces. The design and implementation of the sensor consisted of three parts: The tool holder modification to attach the strain gauges, where a static analysis was done to find the best location to place them. The signal conditioning part in which a PCB was fabricated. This PCB holds the circuit for acquiring the signal and consists of a ½ Wheatstone bridge, an amplification stage, and a filter and offset stage. The third part is the data acquisition, where a NI cDAQ 9171 with an analog input module 9215 was used to capture the conditioned signal into the PC.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cutting forces measure"

Kırbaş, İsmail, Musa Peker, Gültekin Basmacı, and Mustafa Ay. "Predictive Modeling and Optimization of Cutting Forces Through RSM and Taguchi Techniques in the Turning of ASTM B574 (Hastelloy C-22)." In Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics, 398–417. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4766-2.ch018.

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In this chapter, the impact of cutting parameters (depth of cut, cutting speed, feed, flow, rake angle, lead angle) on cutting forces in the turning process with regard to ASTM B574 (Hastelloy C-22) material has been investigated. Variance analysis has been applied in order to determine the factors affecting the cutting forces. The optimization of the parameters affecting the surface roughness has been obtained using response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Taguchi orthogonal experimental design. The accuracy of the developed models required for the estimation of the force values (Fx, Fy, Fz) is quite successful. In this study, where the R2 value has been used as the criterion/measure, accuracy values of 93.35%, 95.03%, and 95.09% have been achieved for Fx, Fy, and Fz, respectively. As a result of the ANOVA analysis, the most effective parameters for Fx at a 95% confidence interval are depth of cut, feed rate, flow, and rake angle. The most effective parameter for Fy is depth of cut, while the most effective parameters for Fz are depth of cut, feed rate, and flow, respectively.

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Kusuyama, Jumpei, Michinosuke Tanaka, Bima Kawase, and Yohichi Nakao. "Theoretical Derivation of Mean Cutting-Point Space of Grinding Wheel." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde210014.

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In a surface grinding process, a successive cutting-point space of grinding wheel affects the maximum abrasive grain depth of cut, which is a major factor affecting grinding characteristics such as the grinding forces and temperature. These characteristics degrade the productivity and machining accuracy. Therefore, we have to clearly define the successive cutting-point space. There are, however, few reports on the derivation method of the theoretical formula since abrasive grains inside the wheel are randomly distributed. This study aimed to theoretically derive the mean cutting-point space and to clarify the successive cutting-point space. We proposed a new derivation method for the mean cutting-point space, which was measured by mapping the diamond wheel surface using an EPMA. The theoretically derived mean cutting-point space was then compared with the measurement results.

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Jawahir, I. S., and A. K. Balaji. "Machining." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000423.

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Machining is one of the most important manufacturing processes. Aluminum and its alloys play a critical role in component manufacture. This article will provide the reader with a current overview of machining practices which will include: aluminum alloy classification, machining performance measures such as cutting forces, tool life, chip forming and breakability, cutting tool design, and area that provide continuing process challenges such as high-speed machining, dry machining and machining of aluminum metal matrix composites.

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Liu, Andrew B. "Incense and Industry." In Tea War, 45–80. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300243734.003.0003.

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This chapter, set in nineteenth-century China, examines how market pressures forced tea producers in the provinces of Anhui and Fujian to increase productivity in an industrial manner, despite lacking cutting-edge technology. During this time, rural tea production in China exhibited social dynamics that belong squarely within the modern history of capitalism. Drawing on the family archives of the Jiang family in southern Anhui and social-scientific surveys of the Wuyi Mountains in Fujian, it describes how guest merchants became factory managers, employing slow-burning incense sticks and arcane local customs to measure, regulate, and raise labor productivity, all in response to a rising global demand followed by plummeting prices. The emphasis on productivity—squeezing out a greater rate of output (tea) per labor input—constituted a strategy of labor-intensive capital accumulation. The inland tea merchants, in other words, attempted to remain profitable in a world of falling prices by asking seasonal laborers to work harder, faster, and for less reward.

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Fisher, David. "Interlude: The Spreading Oceans." In Much Ado about (Practically) Nothing. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195393965.003.0015.

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Well, the story of the K/AR ages of Iron meteorites ended not with a bang but a whimper. We were at a loss to explain them, so for the moment we concentrated on tuning up the experiment, trying to find some error in our technique. We couldn’t. Yet clearly something was wrong. By this time Rancitelli had measured a large number of meteorites, so we thought of plotting the measured ages against the argon contents: if there was any truth at all to the ages, they should be proportional to the argon. They weren’t. The data showed nothing but scatter. Just for fun we plotted the ages against the potassium content—and there was a definite anticorrelation! No question about it, there it was: the more the potassium, the lower the age. Not only that, but the extrapolated end point at the high potassium end gave an age of just about 4.6 billion years! The whole story—the high potassium-argon ages, the ten-billion-year story—was due to leakage of potassium from the meteorites. It had never occurred to us. We had expected that if anything, during weathering on earth and during our cutting and cleaning of the meteorites, they might lose argon, since argon is a gas and loosely bound; if they had, the true ages would be even higher than our measured values. Now we realized—well, hypothesized—that since the argon is formed in a radioactive decay it comes with a burst of kinetic energy and might well lodge itself in the iron matrix, where it would stick while the potassium slips out. Monday morning quarterbacking. Hindsight. So there went five years of my life. Trying to measure the potassium-argon ages of iron meteorites turned out to be a useless endeavor, a waste of time. Damn you, Stoenner and Zähringer! All in all, it wasn’t a great year. I was finishing my fifth year at Cornell, and was due to be either promoted and given tenure or kicked out.

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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by Nina M. Kelly, Don Field, Ford A. Cross, and Robert Emmett. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch19.

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<em>Abstract.</em> —The rivers and streams that drain into the lower Columbia River estuary in Oregon contain essential fish habitat (EFH) for several species of Pacific salmon. Seven subwatershed basins in the Columbia River drainage basin, each containing salmon spawning and nursery habitat, were examined using remote sensing and geographic information system techniques to measure the amount and pattern of upland forest clearing. Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery from 1989 and 1992 was used to determine the cleared forest patches produced by clear-cutting. Digital Elevation Models were used to determine slope underlying cleared patches. A digital coverage (or map layer) of streams containing EFH was used to measure proximity of cleared patches to streams. The size and slope of cleared forest patches and the proximity of cleared forest patches to streams can greatly exacerbate the deposition of sediment in streams, altering stream environments and the quality of EFH. Size, slope, and proximity of cleared forest patches to streams containing EFH were calculated for the seven subwatershed basins. This analysis was performed at a landscape scale and utilized readily available broadscale data to (1) compare forest-clearing patterns across basins and (2) locate critical areas for further analysis using finer-scale data. Once critical areas had been located, a second analysis was performed using finer-scale data. The landscape-scale results indicated major differences in the spatial pattern of forest-clearing change across the lower Columbia River estuary drainage basin, with some subwatershed basins significantly altered in the three-year period. Three subwatershed basins showed a pattern of large cleared patches close to streams containing EFH. Some of these cleared forest patches were situated at least partially on steep slopes. In the three basins, Milton Creek, Young’s River, and the Claskanie River run directly through large areas of cleared forest. The pattern evidenced in these critical areas is consistent with increased sedimentation and decreased stream shading characteristics, both of which can have a detrimental effect on fish habitat. Milton Creek was examined with finer-scale data, and these results showed an increased number of cleared forest patches and increased total area of cleared forest draining into streams. More cleared forest patches on steep slopes were also shown with the finer-scale data. These results provide an initial justification for performing searches for critical areas at a synoptic or landscape scale, with further research performed at a finer scale. These techniques provide a practical method to evaluate upland land-use activities and essential fish habitat.

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"37). Indeed, rumour had it that one of them, En cas de bonheur, was nicknamed En cas de déprogrammation (In Case of Happiness/In Case of Cutting from the Schedules) (Pélégrin 1989: 37). The third and least powerful element in this force field is the British contribution to French TV serial fiction. As the French preference for the high(er) cultural mini-series might lead one to expect, British production is represented by BBC-style middle-brow costume dramas such as The Forsyte Saga, rather than by such soaps as Coronation Street or EastEnders, neither of which had been screened in France when Neighbours opened. This triangular force field of high-gloss prime-time American soaps and high(er) cultural French and British costume and psychological dramas afforded no familiar televisual footholds for a Neighbours. It landed in a limbo, possibly ahead of its time, but certainly lost in 1989. Whereas its register of the everyday proved readily assimilable to the British aesthetic discourse of social realism exemplified by such community-based soaps as Brookside, EastEnders, and even Coronation Street, such a discourse is in France found less in soaps than in quite another genre, the policier. Simultaneously, Neighbours fails to measure up to two key expectations of French television serial fiction: its psychological characterization with psychologically oriented mise-en-scène, and its polished, articulate dialog involving word-games and verbal topping (Bianchi 1990: 100–101). The second and third factors working against Neighbours’s French success are linguistic and to do with television imports. Both the unfamiliarities of the English language and of other Australian televisual product doubtless played their part in Neighbours’s failure in France. Linguistically, France is more chauvinist than such European countries as Holland, Belgium, and Germany, where Australian and British soap operas and mini-series are much more widely screened. And apart from short runs of Young Doctors, A Country Practice, and a few oddball exports, Australian televisual material is known best through the mini-series All the Rivers Run, The Thornbirds, and Return to Eden (which was successful enough on TF1 in 1989 for La Cinq to rescreen it in 1991). This is a far cry from the legion Australian soaps which paved the way for Neighbours in Britain. All in all, the prospects for Neighbours in France were not promising. In the event, as in the USA, it secured no opportunity to build up its audience. Antenne 2 declined to discuss the brevity of its run or its (too) frequent rescheduling. Catherine Humblot, Le Monde’s television commentator, sees a “French mania for change in television scheduling” as a widespread phenomenon: “if a programme has no immediate success, then they move it” (Humblot 1992). Rolande Cousin, the passionate advocate of Neighbours who had previously sold Santa Barbara and Dallas in France, adds that Antenne 2’s lack of confidence in the Australian soap may have been exacerbated by its employment policy of the time of offering golden handshakes to its experienced management and installing young blood. This would have arisen from Antenne 2’s difficulties finding adequate advertising revenue to support its." In To Be Continued..., 127. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203131855-29.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cutting forces measure"

Park, Simon S., and Y. Altintas. "Dynamic Compensation of Cutting Forces Measured From the Spindle Integrated Force Sensor System." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32037.

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This paper presents a dynamically compensated Spindle Integrated Force Sensor (SIFS) system to measure cutting forces. Piezo-electric force sensors are integrated to the stationary spindle housing. The structural dynamic model between the cutting forces acting on the tool tip and the measured forces at the spindle housing is identified. The system is first calibrated to compensate the influence of spindle run-out and unbalance at different speeds. Using both the cutting force and acceleration sensor signals measured at the spindle housing, a Kalman Filter is designed to filter the influence of structural modes on the force measurements. The frequency bandwidth of the proposed sensor system is expanded from 300 Hz to about 800 Hz with the proposed sensing and the signal processing method.

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Niknam, Seyed Ali, Azziz Tiabi, Imed Zaghbani, Rene Kamguem, and Victor Songmene. "Milling Burr Size Estimation Using Acoustic Emission and Cutting Forces." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63824.

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Burr formation is one of the main concerns usually faced by machining industries. Its presence leads to additional part edge finishing operations that are costly and time consuming. Burrs must be removed as they are source of dimensional errors, jamming and misalignment during assembly. In many cases burrs may injure workers during handling of machined part. Due to burr effect on machined part quality, manufacturing costs and productivity, more focus has been given to burr measurement/estimation methods. Large number of burr measurement methods has been introduced according to various criteria. The selection of appropriate burr size estimation method depends on number of factors such as desired level of quality and requested measuring accuracy. Traditional burr measurement methods are very time consuming and costly. This article aims to present empirical models using acoustic emission (AE) and cutting forces signals to predict entrance and exit burrs size in slot milling operation. These models can help estimating the burrs size without having to measure them. The machining tests were carried on Al 7075-T6 aluminum alloy using 3 levels of cutting speed, 3 levels of feed rate, 3 levels of cutting tool coating and 2 levels of depth of cut. Mathematical models were developed based on most sensitive AE parameters following statistical analysis, cutting forces and their interaction on predicting the entrance and exit burrs size. The proposed models correlate very well with the measured burrs size data.

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Voronov, Sergey A., Igor A. Kiselev, and Maxim G. Yakovlev. "Identification of the Cutting Forces Coefficients via Milling Process Simulation." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48216.

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The paper is devoted to the description of a new technique (numerical and experimental) identification of the dependences between cutting forces and instantaneous chip thickness. It is required to measure only the cutting forces versus cutting conditions. Experimentally, for the given pair the processed material – the tool, coefficients of the cutting forces model are calculated by means of the optimization method (Nelder-Mead algorithm). The mathematical model of the milling process developed by authors on each step of the Nelder-Mead method is used for the process numerical simulation under given coefficients of the cutting force model. The elaborated numerical modeling algorithm allows investigating the dynamics and the kinematics of the milling process. The dynamic model of the tool, the algorithm of geometrical modeling of the instantaneous chip thickness, the finite element model of the detail are embedded into the whole model of the milling process.

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Al Aridi, Rimah S., Ahmad M. R. Baydoun, and Ramsey F. Hamade. "Edge Forces in Metal Cutting: Fundamental Analysis and Experimental Verification." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23510.

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Abstract In metal cutting, some of the generated forces do not contribute to chip formation. These forces are referred to as plowing forces and are induced mainly as result of the finite sharpness of the tool (cutting edge radius) and the tool’s land (flank). Determining the magnitude of these forces is essential to developing a better understanding of the mechanics and physics of applications that involve cutting at minimal feed values (e.g., micro-machining and vibration-assisted-micro-machining. It is well recognized that plowing forces increase with tool wear. This research estimates these forces by employing analytical and numerical simulations. An extensive experimental analysis is utilized to verify the simulated values of the plowing forces. The experimental verification is designed to measure these forces as a function of several cutting parameters. The developed methodology relates the plowing forces to geometric factors and process parameters such as cutting-edge radius, tool feed, and cutting speed.

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Javorek, Bryan, Barry K. Fussell, and Robert B. Jerard. "Calibration of a Milling Force Model Using Feed and Spindle Power Sensors." In ASME 2008 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 3rd JSME/ASME International Conference on Materials and Processing. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec_icmp2008-72315.

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Changes in cutting forces during a milling operation can be associated with tool wear and breakage. Accurate monitoring of these cutting forces is an important step towards the automation of the machining process. However, direct force sensors, such as dynamometers, are not practical for industry application due to high costs, unwanted compliance, and workspace limitations. This paper describes a method in which power sensors on the feed and spindle motors are used to generate coefficients for a cutting force model. The resulting model accurately predicts the X and Y cutting forces observed in several simple end-milling tests, and should be capable of estimating both the peak and average force for a given cut geometry. In this work, a dynamometer is used to calibrate the feed drive power sensor and to measure experimental cutting forces for verification of the cutting force model. Measurement of the average x-axis cutting forces is currently presented as an off-line procedure performed on a sacrificial block of material. The potential development of a continuous, real-time force monitoring system is discussed.

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Shayan, Amir R., Huseyin Bogac Poyraz, Deepak Ravindra, Muralidhar Ghantasala, and John A. Patten. "Force Analysis, Mechanical Energy and Laser Heating Evaluation of Scratch Tests on Silicon Carbide (4H-SiC) in Micro-Laser Assisted Machining (µ-LAM) Process." In ASME 2009 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2009-84207.

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The purpose of applying a laser beam in the micro-laser assisted machining (μ-LAM) process is to preferentially heat and thermally soften the surface layer of the work piece material (4H-SiC) at the interface with a diamond cutting tool. In the μ-LAM process the laser beam (1480 nm and 400 mW) is delivered to the work piece material through a transparent diamond cutting tool. Thus the cutting tool and the laser system are integrated and coupled; in contrast with other LAM processes where the cutting tool and laser are separate and distinct systems. Scratches were made on a 4H-SiC substrate using the μ-LAM process. The characteristics of the scratches, such as depth and width, are principally a function of the cutting tool geometry, applied forces, cutting speed, and laser heating. White light interferometer microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) techniques were used to measure the geometry (depth and width) of the scratches. Force analysis was carried out to evaluate the laser heating effect on the cutting forces and the measured depth of cut. The force analysis included an evaluation of the mechanical work, specific energy, and understanding the effect of laser heating on the cutting process. The scratch tests performed on 4H-SiC with the laser heating showed that there is a greater than 50% reduction in relative calculated hardness values of work piece material, resulting in a significant reduction in cutting forces.

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Seif, Charbel Y., Ilige S. Hage, Ahmad M. R. Baydoun, and Ramsey F. Hamade. "Investigation of Drilling Temperature in Relation to Machining Conditions and Cutting Time." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23273.

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Abstract Controlling drilling temperature and thrust forces play a significant role in reducing tool wear and improving machining efficiency. In this work, drilling experiments are set up to measure flank surface temperature via thermocouple sensor wires passed through the coolant holes of 10mm twist drill and brazed to the drill flank surface. The testing setup is an inverted drilling jig where the workpiece (Aluminum 6061-T6 rod) is chucked into the spindle of a vertical machining center. Thrust forces are co-measured using Kistler type 3-component plate dynamometer attached to the table. A design of experiment (DOE) using JMP-SAS/STAT® was adopted for selecting combinations of cutting speed and feed values that cover a wide range. Drilling temperature rise and thrust forces are found to correlate with cutting conditions of feed (f), maximum cutting speed (V), and drilling depth (Dp). Nonlinear regression analysis produced correlating equations of flank temperature rise and thrust forces to conditions and follow a mechanistic power law of the form a1fa2Va3Dpa4 where a1, a2, a3 and a4 are identified via regression fitting.

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Sarhan, A., A. A. Nasr, and R. M. El-Zahry. "Force Based Model for Automated Surface Roughness Prediction in Slot Milling." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/dfm-21163.

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Abstract Study was carried out to analyze the dynamic cutting signals of slot-milling process, in order to design automated on-line tool and surface roughness monitoring strategies, based on indices extracted from these signals, to automatically monitor and control surface roughness in slot milling. Especially designed and manufactured sensitive strain gage dynamometer was used to measure slot-milling radial and tangential forces during milling cycle. The dynamometer was calibrated in static and dynamic ranges. The effect of flank wear width on the magnitude of the cutting force harmonics was constructed as function of axial depth of cut, feed rate per tooth, specific cutting pressure of work material and instantaneous angle of rotation. The results were plotted at various cutting conditions in time and frequency domains. The tool wear was measured in an off-line manner using the tool maker’s microscope and interrelationships of cutting force harmonics and tool wear magnitude were constructed and were used in the computer simulation. Surface roughness was measured using surface meter (Surtronic 3+) with a portable printer. The cutting force signal harmonics were used to establish the proposed force based model to predict the surface roughness of the workpiece machined in slot-milling and examining this system by another experimental tests to define the reliability of the system and to define the percentage error of the system model. Hence, an index named as surface index (S.I) is extracted from ratio between first force amplitude at first significant frequency and first surface amplitude at the same frequency, to predict the surface roughness of the workpiece machined in slot-milling. This is to be employed in automated on-line quality management (monitoring and control) strategy.

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James, Thomas P., Amrit Sagar, Nathaniel B. Eckman, and Anil Saigal. "Precision Micromachining Channels in Highly Elastic Polymers for Applications in Tissue Engineering." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89658.

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The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of elastic recovery on the ability to precisely control depth of cut when micromachining channels in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Both a standard and impact resistant PMMA were machined using an orthogonal micro-slitting arrangement. While holding speed and cutting edge radius constant, the intended depth of cut was varied from 10 μm to 85 μm in order to determine the actual depth of cut due to chip formation and the fraction of material that was ploughed and then elastically recovered. Elastic recovery was determined by using a profilometer to measure step height after machining a partial groove. Results show that intended depth of cut and actual depth of cut are a function of material properties, with greater ploughing occurring in the PMMA material with lower tensile strength and higher strain to yield. When cutting resulted in a permanent trench being formed, actual depth of cut was related in a linear manner to the intended depth of cut. At lower intended depths of cut, the majority of material was ploughed beneath the cutting edge with little evidence of chip formation. In addition, at lower depths of cut a size effect was observed, where thrust force exceeded cutting force. Greater cutting and thrust forces were evident from the PMMA material with higher tensile strength. Resultant forces for both samples were related in a linear manner to the final trench depth. In general, the results indicate that orthogonal micro-slitting experiments may be used to generate process maps to accurately predict the depth of cut achieved when micromachining channels in highly elastic polymers.

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Kushnir, Emmanuil. "Determination of Machine Tool Frequency Response Function During Cutting." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59573.

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The dynamic compliance (frequency response function - FRF) of a machine tool structure in the cutting zone under a cutting load is one of the major dynamic characteristics that define a machine’s cutting performance. The roundness and surface finish define the quality of the manufactured parts. These characteristics are developed during finishing and semi-finishing cuts. The kinowledge of machine tool dynamic compliance, defined in these steady-state cutting conditions, ensures parts quality and increase in machine tool productivity. The dynamic compliance is usually evaluated in tests, which are performed by means of hammers or vibrators (exciters). During these tests the machine does not cut and the machine components do not move relative to each other. The loads in the machine during cutting are defined by different internal and external sources that are acting in different points of the machine and in different directions. The real spectrum and frequency range of these forces is unknown. Experimental data acquired by different types of tests clearly show the difference in dynamic compliance for the same machine tool during cutting and idling. The machine tool dynamic tests performed by different types of external exciting devices do not take in consideration the real load conditions and interactions of moving components, including the cutting process itself and external sources of vibration. The existing methods of experimental evaluation of machine tool dynamic compliance during steady-state cutting condition require dynamometers to measure the cutting force and a special sensor to measure relative displacement between the cutting tool and workpiece. The FRF that is computed from these measurements represents a dynamic characteristic of the close loop system (machine structure and cutting process) and only under certain conditions may be considered as FRF of machine tool structure itself. The theory of stationary random processes allows defining the cutting conditions, under which the obtained data represent the FRF of machine tool structure, and provide estimations of random and bias errors of this evaluation. The simplified methodology of FRF estimation, based only on measurement of the spindle and tool vibration, is also presented in this paper. This methodology is used on an assembly line to obtain FRF for machine tools performance comparison and quality assurance.

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