Journal articles: 'Cutibacterium spp'

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Goldenberger, Daniel, Kirstine K. Søgaard, Aline Cuénod, Helena Seth-Smith, Daniel de Menezes, Peter Vandamme, and Adrian Egli. "Cutibacterium modestum and “Propionibacterium humerusii” represent the same species that is commonly misidentified as Cutibacterium acnes." Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 114, no. 8 (May 7, 2021): 1315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10482-021-01589-5.

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AbstractCutibacterium spp. play an increasing role in soft tissue and implant-associated infections. We isolated a novel Cutibacterium spp. from an implant and investigated this isolate using multiple identification approaches. Correct identification was hampered by inconsistent reference data. The isolate was characterised using conventional methods such as Gram stain, MALDI-TOF MS, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing against multiple antimicrobials. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and whole genome sequencing were also performed. In addition, we summarised the available published sequence data and compared prior data to our strain. Conventional phenotypic identification of our isolate resulted in Cutibacterium spp. After analysis of 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences, our isolate was identified as C. modestum, a very recently described species. The 16S rRNA gene analysis was hampered by three incorrect nucleotides within the 16S rRNA gene reference sequence of C. modestum M12T (accession no. LC466959). We also clearly demonstrate that this novel species is identical to tentatively named “Propionibacterium humerusii”. Retrospective data analysis indicates that C. modestum is a clinically important Cutibacterium species often misidentified as C. acnes. The isolation and identification of Cutibacterium spp. is still a challenge. The correct description of very recently named C. modestum and the availability of a correct 16S rRNA sequence of the type strain may help to clarify the taxonomical uncertainty concerning “P. humerusii”. The novel C. modestum is an additional, clinically important species within the genus Cutibacterium and may represent a new member of the human skin microbiome.

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Gisler, Valentin, Lorin Benneker, and Parham Sendi. "Late Spinal Implant Infection caused by Cutibacterium acnes." Journal of Bone and Joint Infection 4, no. 4 (July 25, 2019): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/jbji.36802.

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Abstract. Cutibacterium spp. have been frequently associated with foreign-body material infections. The vast majority of these infections occur via the exogenous route. Rarely, haematogenous infections occur, possibly seeding from pilosebaceous glands. A late spinal implant-associated infection is presented in this case report, and the possible sources of haematogenous seeding are discussed.

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Bronnec, Vicky, and Oleg A. Alexeyev. "In vivo model of Propionibacterium (Cutibacterium) spp. biofilm in Drosophila melanogaster." Anaerobe 72 (December 2021): 102450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102450.

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Lima, Rayssa Durães, Gabrielle Antunes dos Reis, Juliana da Silva Reviello, Thaís Glatthardt, Larissa da Silva Coimbra, Carla Ormundo Gonçalves Ximenes Lima, Luis Caetano Martha Antunes, and Rosana Barreto Rocha Ferreira. "Antibiofilm activity of Cutibacterium acnes cell-free conditioned media against Staphylococcus spp." Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 52, no. 4 (October 2, 2021): 2373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42770-021-00617-w.

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Renz, Nora, Stasa Mudrovcic, Carsten Perka, and Andrej Trampuz. "Orthopedic implant-associated infections caused by Cutibacterium spp. – A remaining diagnostic challenge." PLOS ONE 13, no. 8 (August 20, 2018): e0202639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202639.

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Salar-Vidal, Llanos, Marta Martin-Garcia, Alvaro Auñón, and Jaime Esteban. "Cutibacterium spp. isolated from orthopaedic implant-associated infection: A not-so-slowly growing organism." Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.) 39, no. 6 (June 2021): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eimce.2020.05.017.

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Olejniczak-Staruch, Irmina, Magdalena Ciążyńska, Dorota Sobolewska-Sztychny, Joanna Narbutt, Małgorzata Skibińska, and Aleksandra Lesiak. "Alterations of the Skin and Gut Microbiome in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 3998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22083998.

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Numerous scientific studies in recent years have shown significant skin and gut dysbiosis among patients with psoriasis. A significant decrease in microbiome alpha-diversity (abundance of different bacterial taxa measured in one sample) as well as beta-diversity (microbial diversity in different samples) was noted in psoriasis skin. It has been proven that the representation of Cutibacterium, Burkholderia spp., and Lactobacilli is decreased and Corynebacterium kroppenstedii, Corynebacterium simulans, Neisseria spp., and Finegoldia spp. increased in the psoriasis skin in comparison to healthy skin. Alterations in the gut microbiome in psoriasis are similar to those observed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. In those two diseases, the F. prausnitzii, Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Parabacteroides and Coprobacillus were underrepresented, while the abundance of Salmonella sp., Campylobacter sp., Helicobacter sp., Escherichia coli, Alcaligenes sp., and Mycobacterium sp. was increased. Several research studies provided evidence for the significant influence of psoriasis treatments on the skin and gut microbiome and a positive influence of orally administered probiotics on the course of this dermatosis. Further research is needed to determine the influence of the microbiome on the development of inflammatory skin diseases. The changes in microbiome under psoriasis treatment can serve as a potential biomarker of positive response to the administered therapy.

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Sancak, B., H. Cenk Mirza, B. Altun, and F. Tunçkanat. "Identification and distribution of anaerobic bacteria isolated from clinical specimens in a University Hospital: 4 years’ experience." Microbiology Independent Research Journal (MIR Journal) 9, no. 1 (July 29, 2022): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18527/2500-2236-2022-9-1-75-81.

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Anaerobes, which are components of microbiota, can cause life-threatening infections. Because of their fastidious nature, they are difficult to isolate and are often overlooked. The goal of this study was to identify the anaerobic bacteria isolated from clinical specimens at the Central Laboratory of Hacettepe University Hospital in 2015-2018 and to evaluate the distribution of the isolated bacterial species among the different specimen types. The anaerobic bacteria isolated from the specimens were identified by the conventional methods and MALDI-TOF MS.Overall, 15,300 anaerobic cultures were studied. Of these, 14,434 (94.3%) were blood samples and 866 (5.7%) were other clinical specimens. A total of 138 anaerobic bacteria were isolated: 62 (44.9%) were isolated from blood samples and 76 (55.1%) from other specimens. The most isolated anaerobes from blood cultures were Bacteroides spp. (41.9%), followed by Cutibacterium acnes (25.8%) and Clostridium spp. (9.7%). The most isolated anaerobes from the other specimens were Gram-negative bacilli, including Bacteroides spp. (15.8%), Fusobacterium spp. (14.5%), Prevotella spp. (14.5%), and Porphyromonas spp. (2.6%). Anaerobic Finegoldia magna represented the major species among the isolated Gram-positive bacteria (10.5%). Anaerobic growth was observed in 0.4% of all the blood cultures and in 5.8% of the positive blood cultures. The results of our study showed that the incidence of anaerobic bacteremia was stable during the 2015-2018 period.

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Hermawan, Melyawati, Enty Tjoa, Inneke Hidajat, Maria Teressa, Eka Layadi, and Alegra Wolter. "Prevalence of Cutibacterium acnes and Staph spp. in the lesions of acne vulgaris in Jakarta." Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology & Venereology Indonesia 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.19100/jdvi.v5i2.218.

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Benito, Natividad, Isabel Mur, Alba Ribera, Alex Soriano, Dolors Rodríguez-Pardo, Luisa Sorlí, Javier Cobo, et al. "The Different Microbial Etiology of Prosthetic Joint Infections according to Route of Acquisition and Time after Prosthesis Implantation, Including the Role of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 5 (May 13, 2019): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050673.

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The aim of our study was to characterize the etiology of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs)—including multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO)—by category of infection. A multicenter study of 2544 patients with PJIs was performed. We analyzed the causative microorganisms according to the Tsukayama’s scheme (early postoperative, late chronic, and acute hematogenous infections (EPI, LCI, AHI) and “positive intraoperative cultures” (PIC)). Non-hematogenous PJIs were also evaluated according to time since surgery: <1 month, 2–3 months, 4–12 months, >12 months. AHIs were mostly caused by Staphylococcus aureus (39.2%) and streptococci (30.2%). EPIs were characterized by a preponderance of virulent microorganisms (S. aureus, Gram-negative bacilli (GNB), enterococci), MDROs (24%) and polymicrobial infections (27.4%). Conversely, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and Cutibacterium species were predominant in LCIs (54.5% and 6.1%, respectively) and PICs (57.1% and 15.1%). The percentage of MDROs isolated in EPIs was more than three times the percentage isolated in LCIs (7.8%) and more than twice the proportion found in AHI (10.9%). There was a significant decreasing linear trend over the four time intervals post-surgery for virulent microorganisms, MDROs, and polymicrobial infections, and a rising trend for CoNS, streptococci and Cutibacterium spp. The observed differences have important implications for the empirical antimicrobial treatment of PJIs.

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Boyanova, Lyudmila, Rumyana Markovska, and Ivan Mitov. "Multidrug resistance in anaerobes." Future Microbiology 14, no. 12 (August 2019): 1055–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2019-0132.

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Multidrug resistance (MDR) in anaerobes is not a well-known topic. Bacteroides fragilis group isolates have numerous resistance determinants such as multidrug efflux pumps, cfiA and nimB genes and activating insertion sequences, and some isolates exhibited extensive drug-resistant patterns. MDR rates in B. fragilis group were from 1.5 to >18% and up to >71% in cfiA and nimB positive isolates carrying insertion sequences. MDR was present in >1/2 of Clostridioides difficile isolates, most often in epidemic/hypervirulent strains and unusually high metronidazole or vancomycin resistance has been reported in single studies. MDR was found in Prevotella spp. (in ≤10% of isolates), Finegoldia magna, Veillonella spp. and Cutibacterium acnes. Resistance in the anaerobes tends to be less predictable and anaerobic microbiology is required in more laboratories. New hopes may be new antibiotics such as eravacycline, cadazolid, surotomycin, ridinilazol or C. difficile toxoid vaccines; however, more efforts are needed to track the MDR in anaerobes.

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Rivera, Alba, Alba Sánchez, Sonia Luque, Isabel Mur, Lluís Puig, Xavier Crusi, José Carlos González, et al. "Intraoperative Bacterial Contamination and Activity of Different Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Regimens in Primary Knee and Hip Replacement." Antibiotics 10, no. 1 (December 27, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10010018.

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Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) is important for the prevention of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) and must be effective against the microorganisms most likely to contaminate the surgical site. Our aim was to compare different SAP regimens (cefazolin, cefuroxime, or vancomycin, alone or combined with gentamicin) in patients undergoing total knee (TKA) and hip (THA) arthroplasty. In this preclinical exploratory analysis, we analyzed the results of intraoperative sample cultures, the ratio of plasma antibiotic levels to the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for bacteria isolated at the surgical wound and ATCC strains, and serum bactericidal titers (SBT) against the same microorganisms. A total of 132 surgical procedures (68 TKA, 64 THA) in 128 patients were included. Cultures were positive in 57 (43.2%) procedures (mostly for coagulase-negative staphylococci and Cutibacterium spp.); the rate was lower in the group of patients receiving combination SAP (adjusted OR 0.475, CI95% 0.229–0.987). The SAP regimens evaluated achieved plasma levels above the MICs in almost all of intraoperative isolates (93/94, 98.9%) and showed bactericidal activity against all of them (SBT range 1:8–1:1024), although SBTs were higher in patients receiving cefazolin and gentamicin-containing regimens. The potential clinical relevance of these findings in the prevention of PJIs remains to be determined.

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Urbán, Edit, Márió Gajdács, and Attila Torkos. "The incidence of anaerobic bacteria in adult patients with chronic sinusitis: A prospective, single-centre microbiological study." European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology 10, no. 2 (June 2020): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1886.2020.00010.

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AbstractIntroductionChronic sinusitis caused by anaerobes is a particular concern clinically, because many of the complications are associated with infections caused by these organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of anaerobic bacteria in chronic sinusitis in adults as a part of a prospective microbiological study.Materials and methodsOver a one-year period, aspirations of maxillary sinus secretions and/or ethmoid cavities were derived in n = 79 adult patients with chronic sinusitis by endoscopy in a tertiary-care teaching hospital in Hungary. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the total cultivable aerobic and anaerobic bacterial and fungal flora cultured on the samples were compared. Correct anaerobic species level identifications were carried out according to standard methods.ResultsBacteria were recovered for all of the 79 aspirates and the numbers of the significant cultured isolates (with colony forming units ≥103) were between 1 and 10. A total of 206 isolates, 106 anaerobic and 100 aerobic or facultative-anaerobic strains were isolated. The most common aerobic bacteria were Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 40), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 29), Moraxella catarrhalis (n = 6), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 7) and Streptococcus pyogenes (n = 6). The anaerobic bacteria included black-pigmented Prevotella spp. and Porphyromonas spp. (n = 27), Actinomyces spp. (n = 13), Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (n = 16), Fusobacterium spp. (n = 19) and Cutibacterium acnes (n = 8).ConclusionsThis study illustrates the microbial dynamics in which anaerobic and aerobic bacteria prevail and highlights the importance of obtaining cultures from patients with chronic sinusitis for guidance in selection of proper antimicrobial therapy.

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Ivanov, Mikhail K., Evgeny V. Brenner, Anastasia A. Hodkevich, Victoria V. Dzyubenko, Sergey E. Krasilnikov, Alphiya S. Mansurova, Irina E. Vakhturova, et al. "Cervicovaginal-Microbiome Analysis by 16S Sequencing and Real-Time PCR in Patients from Novosibirsk (Russia) with Cervical Lesions and Several Years after Cancer Treatment." Diagnostics 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13010140.

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Disturbed cervicovaginal-microbiome (CVM) structure promotes human papillomavirus (HPV) persistence and reflects risks of cervical lesions and cancer onset and recurrence. Therefore, microbiomic biomarkers may be useful for cervical disease screening and patient management. Here, by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and commercial PCR-based diagnostic kits, we profiled CVM in cytological preparations from 140 HPV-tested women (from Novosibirsk, Russia) with normal cytological findings, cervical lesions, or cancer and from 101 women who had recently received different cancer therapies. An increase in lesion severity was accompanied by higher HPV prevalence and elevated CVM biodiversity. Post-treatment CVM was found to be enriched with well-known microbial biomarkers of dysbiosis, just as in cervical disease. Nonetheless, concentrations of some skin-borne and environmental species (which gradually increased with increasing lesion severity)—especially Cutibacterium spp., Achromobacter spp., and Ralstonia pickettii—was low in post-treatment patients and depended on treatment types. Frequency of Lactobacillus iners dominance was high in all groups and depended on treatment types in post-treatment patients. Microbiome analysis via PCR-based kits revealed statistically significant differences among all groups of patients. Thus, microbiome profiling may help to find diagnostic and prognostic markers for management of cervical lesions; quantitative PCR-based kits may be suitable for these purposes.

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Petrillo, Francesco, Arianna Petrillo, Maddalena Marrapodi, Carlo Capristo, Maria Francesca Gicchino, Paolo Montaldo, Elisabetta Caredda, et al. "Characterization and Comparison of Ocular Surface Microbiome in Newborns." Microorganisms 10, no. 7 (July 10, 2022): 1390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071390.

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The ocular microbiome is of fundamental importance for immune eye homeostasis, and its alteration would lead to an impairment of ocular functionality. Little evidence is reported on the composition of the ocular microbiota of term infants and on the impact of antibiotic prophylaxis. Methods: A total of 20 conjunctival swabs were collected from newborns at birth and after antibiotic treatment. Samples were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing via system MiSeq Illumina. The data were processed with the MicrobAT software and statistical analysis were performed using two-way ANOVA. Results: Antibiotic prophylaxis with gentamicin altered the composition of the microbiota. In detail, a 1.5- and 2.01-fold reduction was recorded for Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) and Massilia timonae (M. timonae), respectively, whereas an increase in Staphylococcus spp. of 6.5 times occurred after antibiotic exposure. Conclusions: Antibiotic prophylaxis altered the ocular microbiota whose understanding could avoid adverse effects on eye health.

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Świerczewska, Zuzanna, Miłosz Lewandowski, Agnieszka Surowiecka, and Wioletta Barańska-Rybak. "Microbiome in Hidradenitis Suppurativa—What We Know and Where We Are Heading." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19 (September 24, 2022): 11280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911280.

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Recently, interest in the microbiome of cutaneous diseases has increased tremendously. Of particular interest is the gut-brain-skin axis proposed by Stokes and Pillsbury in 1930. The microbiome has been suggested in the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa, however the link between the commensals and the host is yet to be established. Across all studies, the increased abundance of Porphyromonas, Peptoniphilus, and Prevotella spp., and a loss of skin commensal species, such as Cutibacterium in HS lesions, is a consistent finding. The role of gut and blood microbiome in hidradenitis suppurativa has not been fully elucidated. According to studies, the main link with the intestine is based on the increased risk of developing Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, however, further research is highly needed in this area. Lifestyle, dietary approaches, and probiotics all seem to influence the microbiome, hence being a promising modality as adjuvant therapy. The aim of this review was to present the latest reports in the field of research on skin, blood, and gut microbiome in terms of hidradenitis suppurativa.

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Akaza, Narifumi, Kazuto Takasaki, Eri Nishiyama, Atsuko Usui, Shiori Miura, Aya Yokoi, Kyoko Futamura, Kayoko Suzuki, Youichi Yashiro, and Akiko Yagami. "The Microbiome in Comedonal Contents of Inflammatory Acne Vulgaris is Composed of an Overgrowth of Cutibacterium Spp. and Other Cutaneous Microorganisms." Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology Volume 15 (September 2022): 2003–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ccid.s379609.

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Kovács, Krisztina, Adrienn Nyul, Zsolt Lutz, Gyula Mestyán, Márió Gajdács, Edit Urbán, and Ágnes Sonnevend. "Incidence and Clinical Characteristics of Anaerobic Bacteremia at a University Hospital in Hungary: A 5-Year Retrospective Observational Study." Antibiotics 11, no. 10 (September 28, 2022): 1326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11101326.

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Strict anaerobes have been reported to account for 0.5–13% of episodes of bacteremia in the adult population, with a growing awareness among clinicians regarding anaerobic bacteremia, especially in patients with specific predisposing factors. The aim of our present study was to assess the incidence and clinical characteristics of anaerobic bacteremia during a 5-year period (2016–2020) at a tertiary care teaching hospital, and to compare our findings with other studies in Hungary. Overall, n = 160 strict anaerobes were detected, out of which, 44.4% (n = 71; 0.1% of positive blood cultures, 0.1/1000 hospitalizations, 3.3/100,000 patient days) were clinically significant, while Cutibacterium spp. accounted for 55.6% (n = 89) of isolates. Among relevant pathogens, the Bacteroides/Parabacteroides spp. group (32.4%; n = 23), Clostridium spp. (22.5%; n = 16) and Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (15.5%; n = 11) were the most common. The mean age of patients was 67.1 ± 14.1 years, with a male majority (59.2%; n = 42). A total of 38.0% of patients were affected by a malignancy or immunosuppression, while an abscess was identified in 15.5% of cases. A total of 74.7% (n = 53) of patients received antibiotics prior to blood culture sampling; in instances where antimicrobials were reported, anaerobic coverage of the drugs was appropriate in 52.1% (n = 37) of cases. The 30-day crude mortality rate was 39.4% (n = 28); age ≥75 years was a significant predictor of 30-day mortality (OR: 5.0; CI: 1.8–14.4; p = 0.003), while malignancy and immunosuppression, lack of anti-anaerobic coverage or female sex did not show a significant relationship with the mortality of these patients. Early recognition of the role played by anaerobes in sepsis and timely initiation of adequate, effective antimicrobial treatment have proven efficient in reducing the mortality of patients affected by anaerobic bacteremia.

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Mandrioli, Luciana, Victorio Codotto, Giulia D’Annunzio, Enrico Volpe, Francesca Errani, Yoshinobu Eishi, Keisuke Uchida, Maria Morini, Giuseppe Sarli, and Sara Ciulli. "Pathological and Tissue-Based Molecular Investigation of Granulomas in Cichlids Reared as Ornamental Fish." Animals 12, no. 11 (May 26, 2022): 1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12111366.

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Cichlids include hundreds of species with a high economic value for aquaculture. These fish are subjected to intensive trade and farming that expose them to the risk of infectious diseases. This work focuses on ornamental cichlids held in an aquarium commercial facility presenting emaciation, in order to evaluate the presence of lesions in fish skin and organs. The fish were sampled during routine management activities and subjected to pathological and molecular investigations. The presence of lymphocystis disease virus, typically associated with cutaneous nodular disease, was ruled out. Histologically, they presented granulomas in the spleen, sometimes extending to the other visceral organs. Bacterial heat-shock protein 65 PCR products were detected in tissues associated, in the majority of cases, with granulomas; molecular investigation identified Mycobacterium spp. in two cases and Cutibacterium acnes in seven cases. Immunoreactivity to anti-Mycobacterium and anti-C. acnes antibodies was detected within granulomas. The presence of C. acnes within granuloma is elucidated for the first time in fish; however, similarly to what is found in humans, this bacterium could be harmless in normal conditions, whereas other contributing factors would be required to trigger a granulomatogenous response. Further confirmation by bacterial culture, as well as using large-scale studies in more controlled situations, is needed.

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Oliveira, Analú Barros de, Túlio Morandin Ferrisse, Sarah Raquel de Annunzio, Maria Gleiziane Araújo Franca, Maria Goretti de Vasconcelos Silva, Alberto José Cavalheiro, Carla Raquel Fontana, and Fernanda Lourenção Brighenti. "In Vitro Evaluation of Photodynamic Activity of Plant Extracts from Senna Species against Microorganisms of Medical and Dental Interest." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010181.

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Background: Bacterial resistance requires new treatments for infections. In this context, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an effective and promising option. Objectives: Three plant extracts (Senna splendida, Senna alata, and Senna macranthera) were evaluated as photosensitizers for aPDT. Methods: Cutibacterium acnes (ATCC 6919), Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 35668), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) were evaluated. Reactive oxygen species production was also verified. Oral keratinocytes assessed cytotoxicity. LC-DAD-MS analysis identified the chemical components of the evaluated extracts. Results: Most species cultured in the planktonic phase showed total microbial reduction (>6 log10 CFU/mL/p < 0.0001) for all extracts. C. albicans cultured in biofilm showed total microbial reduction (7.68 log10 CFU/mL/p < 0.0001) for aPDT mediated by all extracts. Extracts from S. macranthera and S. alata produced the highest number of reactive oxygen species (p < 0.0001). The S. alata extract had the highest cell viability. The LC-DAD-MS analysis of active extracts showed one naphthopyrone and seven anthraquinones as potential candidates for photoactive compounds. Conclusion: This study showed that aPDT mediated by Senna spp. was efficient in microbial suspension and biofilm of microorganisms of medical and dental interest.

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Zhukova, O. V., E. I. Kasikhina, M. N. Ostretsova, and A. A. M. Nemer. "Bacteriophages in the treatment and prevention of atopic dermatitis and dermatoses complicated by secondary bacterial infection." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 13 (August 9, 2022): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2022-16-13-66-72.

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Bacteriophages are a large group of viruses that can selectively affect bacteria. Bacteriophages and their ability to regulate the growth and activity of pathogenic microorganisms were discovered by scientists at the beginning of the 20th century. Further studies of the properties of bacteriophages led to the construction of the modern concept of virus activity and formed the ground of molecular genetics and biology. To date, more than 6 000 phage species are known to be ubiquitous, but a prerequisite for their existence is the presence of a bacterial host cell, proteins and energy resources serve as the basis for further viral replication. The ability of bacteriophages to selectively destroy bacterial host cells is of particular importance for the therapy and prevention of dermatoses with a potential risk of bacterial infection or pathogenetically aggravated by the activity of the bacterial flora. Such dermatoses include atopic dermatitis, acne, eczema, psoriasis, pyoderma. The article highlights the main advantages and features of bacteriophages, presents data from some of the currently available studies on the use of phages in dermatovenereology. To illustrate the possibility of using bacteriophages in dermatology, a clinical case of successful relief of exacerbation of IgE- independent atopic dermatitis with a high risk of secondary infection in an 8-year-old child is presented. In this case, as an additional to the recommended standard external anti-inflammatory therapy, a gel for external use was prescribed based on a complex of more than 70 virulent bacteriophages capable of inhibiting the growth of actual bacterial strains, among them Staphylococcus spp. (including S. aureus), Streptococcus spp. (including S. pyogenes), Cutibacterium acnes, etc. The range of bacteriophages in dermatovenereology can be expanded due to the constant growth of antibiotic resistance. The use of bacteriophages in routine dermatological practice requires further clinical trials.

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Cojkic, Aleksandar, Adnan Niazi, Yongzhi Guo, Triin Hallap, Peeter Padrik, and Jane M. Morrell. "Identification of Bull Semen Microbiome by 16S Sequencing and Possible Relationships with Fertility." Microorganisms 9, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 2431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122431.

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Reports on the use of 16S sequencing for the identification of bacteria in healthy animals are lacking. Bacterial contamination of bull semen can have a negative effect on the sperm quality. The aims of this study were threefold: to identify bacteria in the semen of healthy bulls using 16S sequencing; to investigate the differences in the bacterial community between individual bulls; and to establish if there was a relationship between the bacteria isolated and bull fertility. Semen from 18 bulls of known fertility was used for the DNA extraction and 16S sequencing; 107 bacterial genera were identified. The differences in the amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and the numbers of genera between bulls were noted. Negative correlations (p < 0.05) between several bacterial genera with Curvibacter, Rikenellaceae RC9-gut-group and Dyella spp. were seen. Other negatively correlated bacteria were Cutibacterium, Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, Ruminococcaceae UCG-010 and Staphylococcus, all within the top 20 genera. Two genera, W5053 and Lawsonella, were enriched in bulls of low fertility; this is the first time that these bacteria have been reported in bull semen samples. The majority of the bacteria were environmental organisms or were species originating from the mucous membranes of animals and humans. The results of this study indicate that differences in the seminal microbiota of healthy bulls occur and might be correlated with fertility.

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Uthaibutra, Vitchayaporn, Thida Kaewkod, Pichet Prapawilai, Hataichanok Pandith, and Yingmanee Tragoolpua. "Inhibition of Skin Pathogenic Bacteria, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Royal Jelly from Northern Thailand." Molecules 28, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28030996.

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Royal jelly is a nutritious substance produced by the hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands of honeybees. Royal jelly possesses many attractive and beneficial properties which make it an ideal component in medical and pharmaceutical products. The antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of royal jelly from honeybees (Apis mellifera) were determined in this study. Moreover, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the royal jelly were also evaluated. The effects of royal jelly on growth inhibition against skin pathogenic bacteria, including Cutibacterium acnes, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Corynebacterium spp., were investigated by the agar well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were further determined by the broth dilution method. The results indicated that royal jelly showed antibacterial activity by inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria, while the effectiveness decreased against Gram-negative bacteria. Interestingly, royal jelly from Lamphun (RJ-LP1), and Chiang Mai (RJ-CM1), presented high inhibitory efficacy against C. acnes, MRSA, and S. aureus within 4 h by a time killing assay. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory properties of royal jelly were tested using RAW264.7 macrophage cells, and results revealed that RJ-LP1 and RJ-CM1 could reduce nitric oxide (NO) production and suppress iNOS gene expression. After testing the antioxidant activity, RJ-CM1 and RJ-CM2 of royal jelly from Chiang Mai had the highest level. Additionally, RJ-CM1 also showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content. These findings have brought forward new knowledge of the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of royal jelly, which will improve clinical and pharmaceutical uses of royal jelly as an alternative therapy for bacterial infections, and also as a dietary supplement product.

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Meza, Luis A., Yongwook Choi, Ameish Govindarajan, Nazli Dizman, Zeynep Busra Zengin, Joann Hsu, Nicholas Salgia, et al. "Association of intra-tumoral microbiome and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2022): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.6_suppl.372.

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372 Background: Multiple studies have suggested that the gut microbiome plays a modulatory role in ICI activity and that specific bacteria and/or cumulative microbial diversity may drive response in patients (pts) with mRCC (Routy et al Science 2018; Salgia et al Eur Urol 2020). Even though the tumor microenvironment has substantial bacterial proliferation (Heymann et al Cancer L. 2021), there is a paucity of data assessing the impact of intra-tumoral microbiota in response to ICI therapy. In this study, we sought to explore this association in pts with mRCC. Methods: Pts diagnosed with mRCC who had available RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data collected in the course of routine clinical care and who were treated with ICIs were retrospectively identified.Intra-tumoral microbiome analysis was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. Following quality and adapter trimming, RNA-seq reads were mapped to a human genome to filter host reads using the Burrows-Wheeler alignment (BWA) tool. Taxonomic classification was performed using Kraken2 and the absolute abundances of species were estimated using Bracken. The relative abundances among all non-human species were calculated. Statistical testing with Student’s t-test was performed to compare the relative abundance for all species seen within pts who responded to ICIs and those who did not. Results: Among the 28 pts (22:6, M:F) included in this analysis, 24 (86%) had clear cell histology and 20 (71%) were IMDC intermediate/poor risk. All of the samples were collected prior to starting treatment with ICIs and the majority of these (57%) were collected from the primary site. 11 pts (39%) received ICIs as first line treatment and 17 (61%) as second line. Clinical response was seen in 50% of pts included in the study and the most common rendered treatment was nivolumab (17 pts). In the overall cohort, Cutibacterium acne, Moraxella osloensis, and Pasteurella multocida had the highest relative abundances. Additionally, significant differences in relative abundances of specific bacteria were found between ICI responders and non-responders. Among these, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (p = 0.037) and Corynebacterium sp. zg-917 (p = 0.035) had significantly higher relative abundances in pts who responded to ICIs. Conclusions: This is the first study evaluating the association between intra-tumoral microbiome and response to ICIs in pts with mRCC. Among bacteria associated with response, several have particular relevance – for instance, Corynebacterium spp. have been studied for decades as a possible adjunct to immunotherapeutic agents such as BCG. Efforts are ongoing to validate these findings in a larger cohort.

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Anguita-Maeso, Manuel, Carmen Haro, Miguel Montes-Borrego, Leonardo De La Fuente, Juan A. Navas-Cortés, and Blanca B. Landa. "Metabolomic, Ionomic and Microbial Characterization of Olive Xylem Sap Reveals Differences According to Plant Age and Genotype." Agronomy 11, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061179.

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Vascular pathogens are the causal agents of main diseases threatening the health and growth of olive crops worldwide. The use of endophytic microorganisms represents a challenging and promising strategy for management of vascular diseases in olive. Although current research has been focused on analyzing the structure and diversity of the endophytic microbial communities inhabiting the olive xylem, the characterization of this ecological niche has been overlooked and to date remain unexplored, despite that the characterization of the xylem sap composition is essential to unravel the nutritional requirements of xylem-limited microorganisms. In this study, branches from plantlets and adult olive trees of cultivars Picual and Arbequina were selected to characterize the chemical and microbial composition of olive xylem sap extracted using a Scholander pressure chamber. Metabolome and ionome analyses of xylem sap were performed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based and by inductively coupled plasma with optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), respectively. Olive xylem sap metabolites included a higher relative percentage of sugars (54.35%), followed by alcohols (28.85%), amino acids (8.01%), organic acids (7.68%), and osmolytes (1.12%). Within each of these groups, the main metabolites in the olive xylem sap were mannitol, ethanol, glutamine, acetic acid, and trigonelline, whereas K and Cl− were the main element and inorganic anion, respectively. Metabolomic profile varied when comparing olive plant age and genotype. The levels of glucose, fructose, sucrose and mannitol, choline, B and PO43− were significantly higher in adult trees than in plantlets for both olive genotypes, whereas NO3− and Rb content showed the opposite behavior. On the other hand, levels of aspartic acid, phenylalanine, and Na were significantly higher in ‘Picual’ than in ‘Arbequina’, whereas Fe showed the opposite behavior, but only for adult trees. Microbiome composition identified Firmicutes (67%), Proteobacteria (22%) and Actinobacteriota (11%) as the main phyla, while at the genus level Anoxybacillus (52%), Cutibacterium (7%), Massilia (6%), and Pseudomonas (3%) were the most representative. Both non-supervised hierarchical clustering analysis and supervised PLS-DA analysis differentiated xylem sap chemical and microbial composition first, according to the age of the plant and then by the olive genotype. PLS-DA analysis revealed that B, ethanol, Fe, fructose, glucose, mannitol, sucrose, and Sr, and Anoxybacillus, Cutibacterium, and Bradyrhizobium were the most significant chemical compounds and bacterial genera, respectively, in the discrimination of adult olive trees and plantlets. Knowledge of the chemical composition of xylem sap will lead to a better understanding of the complex nutritional requirements of olive xylem-inhabiting microorganisms, including vascular pathogens and their potential antagonists, and may allow the better design of artificial growing media to improve the culturing of the olive microbiome.

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Anguita-Maeso, Manuel, Carmen Haro, Juan A. Navas-Cortés, and Blanca B. Landa. "Primer Choice and Xylem-Microbiome-Extraction Method Are Important Determinants in Assessing Xylem Bacterial Community in Olive Trees." Plants 11, no. 10 (May 16, 2022): 1320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11101320.

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Understanding the unique and unexplored microbial environment of xylem sap is starting to be of relevant importance for plant health, as it could include microbes that may protect plants against xylem-limited pathogens, such as Verticillium dahliae and Xylella fastidiosa. In this study, we evaluated the effects that the method for extracting the xylem bacterial communities, the plant age and the PCR primers may have on characterizing the xylem-bacterial-community composition by using an NGS approach. Xylem sap was extracted from xylem vessels by using a Scholander pressure chamber, or by macerating wood shavings that were obtained from xylem tissues by using branches from 10-year-old olive trees, or the entire canopy of 1-year-old olive plantlets. Additionally, we compared four different PCR-primer pairs that target 16S rRNA for their efficacy to avoid the coamplification of mitochondria and chloroplast 16S rRNA, as this represents an important drawback in metabarcoding studies. The highest amplifications in the mitochondria and chloroplast reads were obtained when using xylem woody chips with the PCR1-799F/1062R (76.05%) and PCR3-967F/1391R (99.96%) primer pairs. To the contrary, the PCR2-799F/1115R and PCR4-799F/1193R primer pairs showed the lowest mitochondria 16S rRNA amplification (<27.48%), no chloroplast sequences and the highest numbers of bacterial OTUs identified (i.e., 254 and 266, respectively). Interestingly, only 73 out of 172 and 46 out of 181 genera were shared between the xylem sap and woody chips after amplification with PCR2 or PCR4 primers, respectively, which indicates a strong bias of the bacterial-community description, depending on the primers used. Globally, the most abundant bacterial genera (>60% of reads) included Anoxybacillus, Cutibacterium, Pseudomonas, Spirosoma, Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum and Sphingomonas; however, their relative importance varied, depending on the matrix that was used for the DNA extraction and the primer pairs that were used, with the lowest effect due to plant age. These results will help to optimize the analysis of xylem-inhabiting bacteria, depending on whether whole xylematic tissue or xylem sap is used for the DNA extraction. More importantly, it will help to better understand the driving and modifying factors that shape the olive-xylem-bacterial-community composition.

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Muturi, Ephantus J., Christopher Dunlap, Chelsea T. Smartt, and Dongyoung Shin. "Resistance to permethrin alters the gut microbiota of Aedes aegypti." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (July 13, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93725-4.

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AbstractInsecticide resistance has emerged as a persistent threat to the fight against vector-borne diseases. We compared the gut microbiota of permethrin-selected (PS) strain of Aedes aegypti relative to the parent (KW) strain from Key West, Florida. Bacterial richness but not diversity was significantly higher in PS strain compared to KW strain. The two mosquito strains also differed in their gut microbial composition. Cutibacterium spp., Corynebacterium spp., Citricoccus spp., Leucobacter spp., Acinetobacter spp., Dietzia spp., and Anaerococcus spp. were more abundant in PS strain than in KW strain. In contrast, Sphingomonas spp., Aquabacterium spp., Methylobacterium spp., Flavobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., unclassified Burkholderiaceae and unclassified Nostocaceae were more abundant in KW strain compared to PS strain. PS strain was enriched with propionate metabolizers, selenate reducers, and xylan, chitin, and chlorophenol degraders while KW strain was enriched with sulfur oxidizers, sulfur metabolizers, sulfate reducers and naphthalene and aromatic hydrocarbons degraders. These findings demonstrate an association between the gut microbiota and insecticide resistance in an important vector species and sets the foundation for future studies to investigate the contribution of gut microbiota to evolution of insecticide resistance in disease vectors.

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Salar-Vidal, Llanos, Marta Martin-Garcia, Alvaro Auñón, and Jaime Esteban. "Cutibacterium spp. isolated from orthopaedic implant-associated infection: A not-so-slowly growing organism." Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2020.05.024.

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Jing, Xiaoyan, Yanhai Gong, Huihui Pan, Yu Meng, Yishang Ren, Zhidian Diao, Runzhi Mu, et al. "Single-cell Raman-activated sorting and cultivation (scRACS-Culture) for assessing and mining in situ phosphate-solubilizing microbes from nature." ISME Communications 2, no. 1 (October 30, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43705-022-00188-3.

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AbstractDue to the challenges in detecting in situ activity and cultivating the not-yet-cultured, functional assessment and mining of living microbes from nature has typically followed a ‘culture-first’ paradigm. Here, employing phosphate-solubilizing microbes (PSM) as model, we introduce a ‘screen-first’ strategy that is underpinned by a precisely one-cell-resolution, complete workflow of single-cell Raman-activated Sorting and Cultivation (scRACS-Culture). Directly from domestic sewage, individual cells were screened for in-situ organic-phosphate-solubilizing activity via D2O intake rate, sorted by the function via Raman-activated Gravity-driven Encapsulation (RAGE), and then cultivated from precisely one cell. By scRACS-Culture, pure cultures of strong organic PSM including Comamonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., Enterobacter spp. and Citrobacter spp., were derived, whose phosphate-solubilizing activities in situ are 90–200% higher than in pure culture, underscoring the importance of ‘screen-first’ strategy. Moreover, employing scRACS-Seq for post-RACS cells that remain uncultured, we discovered a previously unknown, low-abundance, strong organic-PSM of Cutibacterium spp. that employs secretary metallophosphoesterase (MPP), cell-wall-anchored 5′-nucleotidase (encoded by ushA) and periplasmic-membrane located PstSCAB-PhoU transporter system for efficient solubilization and scavenging of extracellular phosphate in sewage. Therefore, scRACS-Culture and scRACS-Seq provide an in situ function-based, ‘screen-first’ approach for assessing and mining microbes directly from the environment.

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Bohard, Louis, Isabelle Patry, Pauline Sergent, Grégoire Leclerc, Joël Leroy, Catherine Chirouze, and Kevin Bouiller. "Factors associated with late microbiological documentation of prosthetic joint infection." Future Microbiology, July 21, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2021-0310.

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Purpose: To describe the number of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) with late documentation and to identify associated factors. Methods: Bacterial PJIs with surgical management between November 2015 and November 2019 in a French center were analyzed. Results of short (72 h) and late culture (at 14 days) were analyzed. Results: A total of 160 PJIs were reported with 215 bacteria. Twenty-nine patients had late documentation (18.1%). The bacteria most involved were coagulase-negative staphylococci and Cutibacterium spp. (60%). In multivariate analysis, late chronic PJI (odds ratio = 2.47) and antibiotic therapy before surgery (odds ratio = 3.13) were associated with late-documented infection. Conclusion: A better knowledge of the factors associated with late-documented infections is essential in order to simplify antibiotic treatment at the appropriate time.

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Benjumea, Antonio, Marta Díaz-Navarro, Rama Hafian, Mar Sánchez-Somolinos, Javier Vaquero, Francisco Chana, Patricia Muñoz, and María Guembe. "Effect of Tranexamic Acid against Staphylococcus spp. and Cutibacterium acnes Associated with Peri-Implant Infection: Results from an In Vitro Study." Microbiology Spectrum 10, no. 1 (February 23, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01612-21.

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Romaru, Juliette, Anne Limelette, Delphine Lebrun, Morgane Bonnet, Véronique Vernet Garnier, and Yohan N’Guyen. "Fusidic acid in a tertiary hospital: an observational study focusing on prescriptions, tolerance and susceptibility of Staphylococcus and Cutibacterium spp. strains from bone samples." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, July 2, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-022-04469-6.

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Carroll, Karen C., Jennifer L. Reid, Adam Thornberg, Natalie N. Whitfield, Deirdre Trainor, Shawna Lewis, Teresa Wakefield, et al. "Clinical Performance of the Novel GenMark Dx ePlex Blood Culture ID Gram-Positive Panel." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 58, no. 4 (January 29, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01730-19.

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ABSTRACT Rapid identification from positive blood cultures is standard of care (SOC) in many clinical microbiology laboratories. The GenMark Dx ePlex Blood Culture Identification Gram-Positive (BCID-GP) Panel is a multiplex nucleic acid amplification assay based on competitive DNA hybridization and electrochemical detection using eSensor technology. This multicenter study compared the investigational-use-only (IUO) BCID-GP Panel to other methods of identification of 20 Gram-positive bacteria, four antimicrobial resistance genes, and both Pan Candida and Pan Gram-Negative targets that are unique to the BCID-GP Panel. Ten microbiology laboratories throughout the United States collected residual, deidentified positive blood culture samples for analysis. Five laboratories tested both clinical and contrived samples with the BCID-GP Panel. Comparator identification methods included each laboratory’s SOC, which included matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and automated identification systems as well as targeted PCR/analytically validated real-time PCR (qPCR) with bidirectional sequencing. A total of 2,342 evaluable samples (1,777 clinical and 565 contrived) were tested with the BCID-GP Panel. The overall sample accuracy for on-panel organisms was 89% before resolution of discordant results. For pathogenic Gram-positive targets (Bacillus cereus group, Enterococcus spp., Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Listeria spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus spp., Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus anginosus group, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pyogenes), positive percent agreement (PPA) and negative percent agreement (NPA) ranged from 93.1% to 100% and 98.8% to 100%, respectively. For contamination rule-out targets (Bacillus subtilis group, Corynebacterium, Cutibacterium acnes, Lactobacillus, and Micrococcus), PPA and NPA ranged from 84.5% to 100% and 99.9% to 100%, respectively. Positive percent agreement and NPA for the Pan Candida and Pan Gram-Negative targets were 92.4% and 95.7% for the former and 99.9% and 99.6% for the latter. The PPAs for resistance markers were as follows: mecA, 97.2%; mecC, 100%; vanA, 96.8%; and vanB, 100%. Negative percent agreement ranged from 96.6% to 100%. In conclusion, the ePlex BCID-GP Panel compares favorably to SOC and targeted molecular methods for the identification of 20 Gram-positive pathogens and four antimicrobial resistance genes in positive blood culture bottles. This panel detects a broad range of pathogens and mixed infections with yeast and Gram-negative organisms from the same positive blood culture bottle.

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Güngördü Dalar, Zeynep, Güzin İskeleli, Mert Ahmet Kuşkucu, Mehmet Demirci, Penbe Çağatay, Sevgi Ergin, Aysel Karataş, et al. "The Relationship Between the Use of Hydrogel and Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Population in the Conjunctiva and Biofilm Forming Staphylococcus epidermidis." Türk Mikrobiyoloji Cemiyeti Dergisi, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5222/tmcd.2021.86548.

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Objective: The most important bacteria of the conjunctival microbiota are Staphylococcus epidermidis, diphteroid rods, Corynebacterium spp. and Cutibacterium acnes. Especially biofilm formation of S. epidermidis is very important for contact lens related infections. For this purpose, we aimed to examine the changes in the presence of biofilm-forming S. epidermidis and other coagulase-negative staphylococci in conjunctival swabs taken before and after lens usage in 140 patients (90 hydrogel, 50 silicone hydrogel) who were prepared to wear lenses. Methods: Coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from the conjunctival microbiota identified standard clinical microbiological methods, after identification of S.epidermidis strains with API Staph; Slime production was determined by Congo red agar, standard tube and molecular methods. Results: S.epidermidis was the most frequently isolated species in conjunctival microbiota before and after lens usage. Before lens usage, slime positive S. epidermidis strains were found as 45-50% but after lens usage it was 59% in hydrogel contact lens users and 70.2% in silicone hydrogel contact lens users. For the investigation of slime production, 82 (50.9%) of 161 S. epidermidis strains were found positive by using Congo red agar, 61 (37.8%) by standard tube method and 91 (56.5%) by molecular methods. Conclusion: The result of our study suggests that there are no significant changes in bacterial ratios before and after lens use, but bacteria such as S. epidermidis can predispose to infections by using slime production and contact lens factor. Also; molecular methods and Congo Red Agar method were found to be more reliable than the Standard Tube method.

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Ransom, Eric M., Zahra Alipour, Meghan A. Wallace, and Carey-Ann D. Burnham. "Evaluation of Optimal Blood Culture Incubation Time to Maximize Clinically Relevant Results from a Contemporary Blood Culture Instrument and Media System." Journal of Clinical Microbiology, November 25, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.02459-20.

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Timely diagnosis of microorganisms in blood cultures is necessary to optimize therapy. Although blood culture media and systems have evolved for decades, the standard interval for incubation prior to discard as negative has remained five days. Here, we evaluated the optimal incubation time for the BACT/ALERT VIRTUO blood culture detection system (bioMérieux) using FA Plus (aerobic) and FN Plus (anaerobic) resin culture bottles in routine clinical use. Following IRB approval, a retrospective review evaluated the outcomes of 158,710 bottles collected between November 2018 and October 2019. The number of positive blood bottles was 13,592 (8.6%); 99% of positive aerobic and anaerobic bottles flagged positive by 91.5 h and 108 h, respectively. The mean (median) time-to-positivity for Staphylococcus aureus was 18.4 h (15.6 h), Escherichia coli 12.3 h (9.5 h), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 22.2 h (15.9 h), and Candida spp. 48.9 h (42.9 h). Only 175 bottles (0.1% of all bottles) flagged positive after four days of incubation; 89 (51%) of these bottles grew Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) species. Chart review of blood cultures positive after four days (96 h) rarely had clinical impact, and sometimes had a negative impact on patientcare. Finally, a seeded study of the HACEK group, historically associated with delayed blood culture positivity, demonstrated no benefit to extended incubation beyond four days. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that a four-day incubation time was sufficient for the VIRTUO system and media. Implementation of the four-day incubation time could enhance clinically relevant results by reducing recovery of contaminants and finalizing blood cultures one day earlier.

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Simon, Sebastian, Bernhard J. H. Frank, Susana Hartmann, Laetitia Hinterhuber, Michael Reitsamer, Alexander Aichmair, Martin Dominkus, Bo Söderquist, and Jochen G. Hofstaetter. "Dalbavancin in Gram-positive periprosthetic joint infections." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, June 9, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkac178.

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Abstract Objectives The unique properties of dalbavancin (DAL) emphasize the need to explore its clinical benefits to treat periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). The present study aimed to compare the treatment outcome of dalbavancin with Standard of Care (SoC) in hip and knee PJIs. Methods Eighty-nine patients were selected for each group of this study based on our prospectively maintained PJI database. A 1:1 propensity score-matching was performed between patients who received at least two doses of dalbavancin and those who received SoC. Patients were matched based on demographics, joint, patient risk factors, Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria, surgical management and type of infection. Treatment outcome was evaluated considering re-infection and re-revision rates, safety and tolerability of dalbavancin after a minimum of 1 year follow-up. Results Infection eradication was achieved in 69 (77.5%) and 66 (74.2%) patients of the DAL and SoC groups, respectively. Thirteen (14.6%) patients in the DAL group and 12 (13.5%) patients in the SoC group had an infection-related re-revision. The most prevalent microorganisms among the two groups were Staphylococcus epidermidis (32.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.8%) and Cutibacterium spp. (11.3%). There were significantly less Gram-positive bacteria (P = 0.03) detected in patients who received dalbavancin (17.4%) treatment compared with those treated with SoC (48.0%) in culture-positive re-revisions. Conclusions Dalbavancin treatment for Gram-positive PJIs resulted in a similar outcome to SoC, with excellent safety and low rate of adverse effects. Dalbavancin seems to be a promising antimicrobial against PJIs by reducing the risk of Gram-positive re-infections and allowing a less frequent dosage with potential outpatient IV treatment.

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Li, Zhiming, Jingjing Xia, Liuyiqi Jiang, Yimei Tan, Yitai An, Xingyu Zhu, Jie Ruan, et al. "Characterization of the human skin resistome and identification of two microbiota cutotypes." Microbiome 9, no. 1 (February 17, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40168-020-00995-7.

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Abstract Background The human skin microbiota is considered to be essential for skin homeostasis and barrier function. Comprehensive analyses of its function would substantially benefit from a catalog of reference genes derived from metagenomic sequencing. The existing catalog for the human skin microbiome is based on samples from limited individuals from a single cohort on reference genomes, which limits the coverage of global skin microbiome diversity. Results In the present study, we have used shotgun metagenomics to newly sequence 822 skin samples from Han Chinese, which were subsequently combined with 538 previously sequenced North American samples to construct an integrated Human Skin Microbial Gene Catalog (iHSMGC). The iHSMGC comprised 10,930,638 genes with the detection of 4,879,024 new genes. Characterization of the human skin resistome based on iHSMGC confirmed that skin commensals, such as Staphylococcus spp, are an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Further analyses of skin microbial ARGs detected microbe-specific and skin site-specific ARG signatures. Of note, the abundance of ARGs was significantly higher in Chinese than Americans, while multidrug-resistant bacteria (“superbugs”) existed on the skin of both Americans and Chinese. A detailed analysis of microbial signatures identified Moraxella osloensis as a species specific for Chinese skin. Importantly, Moraxella osloensis proved to be a signature species for one of two robust patterns of microbial networks present on Chinese skin, with Cutibacterium acnes indicating the second one. Each of such “cutotypes” was associated with distinct patterns of data-driven marker genes, functional modules, and host skin properties. The two cutotypes markedly differed in functional modules related to their metabolic characteristics, indicating that host-dependent trophic chains might underlie their development. Conclusions The development of the iHSMGC will facilitate further studies on the human skin microbiome. In the present study, it was used to further characterize the human skin resistome. It also allowed to discover the existence of two cutotypes on the human skin. The latter finding will contribute to a better understanding of the interpersonal complexity of the skin microbiome.

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Ericsson, Aaron C., Susheel B. Busi, Daniel J. Davis, Henda Nabli, David C. Eckhoff, Rebecca A. Dorfmeyer, Giedre Turner, Payton S. Oswalt, Marcus J. Crim, and Elizabeth C. Bryda. "Molecular and culture-based assessment of the microbiome in a zebrafish (Danio rerio) housing system during set-up and equilibration." Animal Microbiome 3, no. 1 (August 5, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42523-021-00116-1.

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Abstract Background Zebrafish used in research settings are often housed in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) which rely on the system microbiome, typically enriched in a biofiltration substrate, to remove the harmful ammonia generated by fish via oxidation. Commercial RAS must be allowed to equilibrate following installation, before fish can be introduced. There is little information available regarding the bacterial community structure in commercial zebrafish housing systems, or the time-point at which the system or biofilter reaches a microbiological equilibrium in RAS in general. Methods A zebrafish housing system was monitored at multiple different system sites including tank water in six different tanks, pre- and post-particulate filter water, the fluidized bed biofilter substrate, post-carbon filter water, and water leaving the ultra-violet (UV) disinfection unit and entering the tanks. All of these samples were collected in quadruplicate, from prior to population of the system with zebrafish through 18 weeks post-population, and analyzed using both 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and culture using multiple agars and annotation of isolates via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Sequencing data were analyzed using traditional methods, network analyses of longitudinal data, and integration of culture and sequence data. Results The water microbiome, dominated by Cutibacterium and Staphylococcus spp., reached a relatively stable richness and composition by approximately three to four weeks post-population, but continued to evolve in composition throughout the study duration. The microbiomes of the fluidized bed biofilter and water leaving the UV disinfection unit were distinct from water at all other sites. Core taxa detected using molecular methods comprised 36 amplicon sequence variants, 15 of which represented Proteobacteria including multiple members of the families Burkholderiaceae and Sphingomonadaceae. Culture-based screening yielded 36 distinct isolates, and showed moderate agreement with sequencing data. Conclusions The microbiome of commercial RAS used for research zebrafish reaches a relatively stable state by four weeks post-population and would be expected to be suitable for experimental use following that time-point.

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Anguita-Maeso, Manuel, José Luis Trapero-Casas, Concepción Olivares-García, David Ruano-Rosa, Elena Palomo-Ríos, Rafael M. Jiménez-Díaz, Juan A. Navas-Cortés, and Blanca B. Landa. "Verticillium dahliae Inoculation and in vitro Propagation Modify the Xylem Microbiome and Disease Reaction to Verticillium Wilt in a Wild Olive Genotype." Frontiers in Plant Science 12 (March 3, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.632689.

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Host resistance is the most practical, long-term, and economically efficient disease control measure for Verticillium wilt in olive caused by the xylem-invading fungus Verticillium dahliae (Vd), and it is at the core of the integrated disease management. Plant’s microbiome at the site of infection may have an influence on the host reaction to pathogens; however, the role of xylem microbial communities in the olive resistance to Vd has been overlooked and remains unexplored to date. This research was focused on elucidating whether in vitro olive propagation may alter the diversity and composition of the xylem-inhabiting microbiome and if those changes may modify the resistance response that a wild olive clone shows to the highly virulent defoliating (D) pathotype of Vd. Results indicated that although there were differences in microbial communities among the different propagation methodologies, most substantial changes occurred when plants were inoculated with Vd, regardless of whether the infection process took place, with a significant increase in the diversity of bacterial communities when the pathogen was present in the soil. Furthermore, it was noticeable that olive plants multiplied under in vitro conditions developed a susceptible reaction to D Vd, characterized by severe wilting symptoms and 100% vascular infection. Moreover, those in vitro propagated plants showed an altered xylem microbiome with a decrease in total OTU numbers as compared to that of plants multiplied under non-aseptic conditions. Overall, 10 keystone bacterial genera were detected in olive xylem regardless of infection by Vd and the propagation procedure of plants (in vitro vs nursery), with Cutibacterium (36.85%), Pseudomonas (20.93%), Anoxybacillus (6.28%), Staphylococcus (4.95%), Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum (3.91%), and Bradyrhizobium (3.54%) being the most abundant. Pseudomonas spp. appeared as the most predominant bacterial group in micropropagated plants and Anoxybacillus appeared as a keystone bacterium in Vd-inoculated plants irrespective of their propagation process. Our results are the first to show a breakdown of resistance to Vd in a wild olive that potentially may be related to a modification of its xylem microbiome and will help to expand our knowledge of the role of indigenous xylem microbiome on host resistance, which can be of use to fight against main vascular diseases of olive.

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40

Streck, Laura Elisa, Johannes Forster, Sebastian Philipp von Hertzberg-Boelch, Thomas Reichel, Maximilian Rudert, and Kilian Rueckl. "The role of synovial fluid aspiration in shoulder joint infections." BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 23, no. 1 (April 26, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-022-05285-x.

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Abstract Background Joint aspiration with analysis of synovial fluid white blood cell count (WBC) and microbiological culture is a widely established aspect in the diagnosis of shoulder joint infections (SJI). In case of a two stage revision for SJI, joint aspiration before re−/implantation of a total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) was used to rule out persistent infection for years but its value is under debate. Shoulder specific data on all aspects is rare. The current study aims to answer the following research questions: Does joint aspiration have an insufficient predictive value in the diagnosis of SJI in (1) initial workup and (2) before definite arthroplasty with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-Spacer in place? Methods This retrospective evaluation investigates 35 patients that were treated for SJI with a two staged implantation of a TSA after debridement and implantation of an PMMA-Spacer. Joint aspirations were performed preoperatively (PA) and before re−/implantation of the prosthesis while spacer was in place (interstage aspiration, IA). Samples were taken for microbiological culture and analysis of WBC. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated with reference to intraoperative microbiological samples. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC), Area-Under-Curve analysis (AUC) and calculation of the Youden index were performed to find optimum cut-off for WBC. Results The sensitivity of microbiological cultures from PA was 58.3% and the specificity was 88.9%. The mean WBC was 27,800 leucocytes/mm3 (range 400-96,300). The maximum Youden index (0.857) was a cut-off of 2600 leucocytes/mm3 with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 100.0%. The sensitivity and specificity of IA were 0.0% and 88.5%, respectively. Conclusions Preoperative aspiration is likely to miss Cutibacteria spp. and CoNS and cannot rule out infection for sure. However, we recommend it for its advantages of targeted antibiotic therapy in case of germ identification. Empiric antibiotic therapy should cover Cutibacteria and CoNS even if aspiration showed negative microbiological cultures. In contrast, the diagnostic value of interstage aspiration does not qualify for its routine use.

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41

Streck, Laura Elisa, Johannes Forster, Sebastian Philipp von Hertzberg-Boelch, Thomas Reichel, Maximilian Rudert, and Kilian Rueckl. "The role of synovial fluid aspiration in shoulder joint infections." BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 23, no. 1 (April 26, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-022-05285-x.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background Joint aspiration with analysis of synovial fluid white blood cell count (WBC) and microbiological culture is a widely established aspect in the diagnosis of shoulder joint infections (SJI). In case of a two stage revision for SJI, joint aspiration before re−/implantation of a total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) was used to rule out persistent infection for years but its value is under debate. Shoulder specific data on all aspects is rare. The current study aims to answer the following research questions: Does joint aspiration have an insufficient predictive value in the diagnosis of SJI in (1) initial workup and (2) before definite arthroplasty with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-Spacer in place? Methods This retrospective evaluation investigates 35 patients that were treated for SJI with a two staged implantation of a TSA after debridement and implantation of an PMMA-Spacer. Joint aspirations were performed preoperatively (PA) and before re−/implantation of the prosthesis while spacer was in place (interstage aspiration, IA). Samples were taken for microbiological culture and analysis of WBC. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated with reference to intraoperative microbiological samples. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC), Area-Under-Curve analysis (AUC) and calculation of the Youden index were performed to find optimum cut-off for WBC. Results The sensitivity of microbiological cultures from PA was 58.3% and the specificity was 88.9%. The mean WBC was 27,800 leucocytes/mm3 (range 400-96,300). The maximum Youden index (0.857) was a cut-off of 2600 leucocytes/mm3 with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 100.0%. The sensitivity and specificity of IA were 0.0% and 88.5%, respectively. Conclusions Preoperative aspiration is likely to miss Cutibacteria spp. and CoNS and cannot rule out infection for sure. However, we recommend it for its advantages of targeted antibiotic therapy in case of germ identification. Empiric antibiotic therapy should cover Cutibacteria and CoNS even if aspiration showed negative microbiological cultures. In contrast, the diagnostic value of interstage aspiration does not qualify for its routine use.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cutibacterium spp'

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