Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cutele

Academic literature on the topic 'Cutele'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Cutele"

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Dynowska, Maria. "Variability of selerotia in some species of genus Typhula." Acta Mycologica 24, no. 2 (August 20, 2014): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1988.014.

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On the basis of <i>Typhula inearnata</i> Lasch ex Fr., <i>Typhula phacorrhiza</i> Fr. and <i>Typhula variabilis</i> Riess. sclerotia morphology comparison the dependence of their structure upon the conditions in which they come into existence has boen found. The sclerotia show a larger variability in natural environment than in culture. The principle differences lie in the structure of enveloping layers: epidermoid, cuticle and the cuter part of bark.
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Fotios, S., and T. Gado. "Authors’ response to C Cuttle." Lighting Research & Technology 37, no. 2 (June 2005): 130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136578280503700208.

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Hillerton, J. Eric, and Julian F. V. Vincent. "In vitro Aggregation of Proteins from Insect Cuticle." Entomologia Generalis 11, no. 1-2 (December 1, 1985): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/entom.gen/11/1985/1.

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Chassot, Celine, Christiane Nawrath, and Jean-Pierre Metraux. "The cuticle." Plant Signaling & Behavior 3, no. 2 (February 2008): 142–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/psb.3.2.5071.

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Czerneková, Michaela, and Stanislav Vinopal. "The tardigrade cuticle." Limnological Review 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/limre-2021-0012.

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Abstract Tardigrades (phylum Tardigrada) are aquatic microecdysozoans that have adapted to survive extreme conditions through the formation of cysts or ametabolic tuns. Their body is covered by a cuticle that plays an important role in their life cycle, including their response and adaptation to environmental challenges. Cuticular characteristics are a critical component of tardigrade taxonomy. Therefore, research has often been focused on the relationship between cuticular morphology and ultrastructure and the evolutionary and phylogenetic positioning of the phylum and individual species herein. However, a deeper insight into the ultrastructural characteristics and chemical composition of the tardigrade cuticle is needed. This knowledge is important not only for a better understanding of tardigrade physiology and ecology but also for the development of efficient microinjection and/or electroporation techniques that would allow for genetic manipulation, opening new avenues in tardigrade research. Here, we review data on cuticle ultrastructure and chemical composition. Further, we discuss how the cuticle is affected during moulting, encystment, cyclomorphosis, and anhydrobiosis. Our work indicates that more systematic studies on the molecular composition of the tardigrade cuticle and on the process of its formation are needed to improve our understanding of its properties and functions.
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Moussu, Steven, Rita San-Bento, Roberta Galletti, Audrey Creff, Etienne Farcot, and Gwyneth Ingram. "Embryonic cuticle establishment." Plant Signaling & Behavior 8, no. 12 (December 2013): e27491. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/psb.27491.

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Van Eetvelde, L., K. Chiers, and L. Van Brantegem. "Caniene cutane mastceltumoren." Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 86, no. 5 (October 30, 2017): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/vdt.v86i5.16171.

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Caniene cutane mastceltumoren (cMCT) zijn een vaak voorkomende neoplasie in de eerstelijnspraktijk. In 96% van de gevallen kunnen cMCT worden gediagnosticeerd via cytologie. Het stellen van een prognose is echter geen evidentie omwille van hun variabel biologisch karakter. Aan de hand van verschillende factoren, zoals tumorlocatie, de aanwezigheid van systemische klachten en metastasen, histologische en cytologische gradering, proliferatiemerkers, KIT-lokalisatiepatroon, KIT-mutatie en de tumorvrije randen, wordt de prognose ingeschat. De gekozen behandeling is gebaseerd op het resultaat van deze prognostische factoren, het klinisch stadium en de lokalisatie van de tumor. Mogelijke behandelingen zijn chirurgie, radiotherapie, chemotherapie, elektrochemotherapie, tyrosine-kinasereceptorinhibitor, cryotherapie en intraregionale behandeling met gedeïonizeerd water.
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Carr, Herman Y., and Robert V. Pound. "Henry Cutler Torrey." Physics Today 51, no. 10 (October 1998): 100–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2805908.

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Hadley, Neil F. "The Arthropod Cuticle." Scientific American 255, no. 1 (July 1986): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0786-104.

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Johnstone, Iain L. "Cuticle collagen genes." Trends in Genetics 16, no. 1 (January 2000): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9525(99)01857-0.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cutele"

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STEFANELLI, FRANCO. "Le misure cautelari reali: il sequestro conservativo." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/15700.

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L'elaborato affronta la disciplina del sequestro conservativo nel processo penale, con particolare attenzione agli aspetti interprocessuali (differenze con l'omologo istituto del processo civile) ed alla applicazione nel sistema del d.lgs. n. 231/01.
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Verdier, Gaetan. "Mise en évidence du rôle du cytochrome P450 CYP 77A4 et de la protéine BODYGUARD dans la biosynthèse du polymère de cutine chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4094.

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La cutine est un polymère d'acides gras oxydés et de glycérol propre aux plantes. Elle forme la matrice structurale de la cuticule qui recouvre l'épiderme des parties aériennes et joue un rôle vital pour les plantes en empêchant la dessiccation. La biosynthèse du polymère de cutine a été étudiée chez la plante modèle Arabidopsis thaliana. Des mutants perte-de-fonction pour la monooxygénase de type cytochrome P450 CYP77A4 ont été isolés. L'analyse de lignées transgéniques exprimant le gène rapporteur GUS sous le contrôle du promoteur de CYP77A4 a montré que le gène était exprimé essentiellement dans les organes floraux et les graines. L'analyse de la cutine dans divers organes a permis de démontrer que le gène était essentiel pour la synthèse d'un acide gras trihydroxylé en C18 présent dans les polyesters des embryons. Une méthode permettant la séparation de l'embryon et des téguments des graines en quantité suffisante pour analyser la cutine a été mise au point. Le profil de monomères des embryons mutants a montré que CYP77A4 est une époxygénase de la voie de biosynthèse des monomères de cutine en C18. L'étude de la physiologie des mutants a par ailleurs permis de démontrer que les acides gras trihydroxylés de la cuticule de l'embryon jouent un rôle important dans la germination de la graine en conditions de stress salin. Dans une deuxième étude, des mutants perte-de-fonction et des suexpresseurs pour le gène d'Arabidopsis BODYGUARD (BDG) codant une protéine de la superfamille des hydrolases à repliement α/β ont été caractérisés. L'analyse des polyesters dans ces lignées a permis de montrer que cette protéine jouait en fait un rôle dans la biosynthèse de la cutine
Cutin is a polymer of oxidized fatty acids and glycerol specific to plants. It forms the structural matrix of the waxy cuticle covering the epidermis of the aerial parts and plays a vital role in plants by preventing desiccation. Biosynthesis of cutin polymer was studied in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Mutant loss-of-function monooxygenase type cytochrome P450 CYP77A4 were isolated. The analysis of transgenic lines expressing the GUS reporter gene under the control of the promoter of CYP77A4 showed that the gene was expressed mainly in floral organs and seeds. The analysis of various organs in the cutin demonstrated that the gene was essential for the synthesis of a C18 trihydroxy polyesters present in seed polyesters (9,10,18-trihydroxyoctadecenoic acid). A method for the separation of the embryo and seed coat allowing to analyze embryo polyesters was developed. The trihydroxy C18 fatty acid was found to be the major cutin embryo monomer. Profile of cutin monomers in mutant embryos showed that CYP77A4 is an epoxygenase in the biosynthetic pathway of C18 cutin monomers. The study of the physiology of the mutants also showed that the trihydroxy- fatty acids of the embryo cuticle play an important role in the germination of the seed under conditions of salt stress. In a second study, mutant loss-of-function and overexpressors for the Arabidopsis gene BODYGUARD encoding a protein of the α / β hydrolase fold superfamily have been characterized. Analysis of polyesters in these lines showed that this protein, whose role in the formation of the cuticle was not understood, plays in fact a role in cutin biosynthesis
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Dubois, Christophe. "Dermo-cosmetologie du vieillissement cutane." Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL2M192.

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SEOUDI, NACER. "Le syndrome cardio-facio-cutane." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M198.

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CRIQUY, FABIENNE. "Le melanome cutane primitif regressif." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR1M188.

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SIGWALT, CORINNE. "Le traitement cutane de l'herpes." Strasbourg 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR15066.

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St, Leger Raymond John. "Cuticle-degrading enzymes of entomopathogenic fungi." Thesis, University of Bath, 1985. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374603.

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A study on cuticle-degrading enzymes (CDE) of three hyphomycete entomopathogens has produced information on enzyme types, levels, characteristics, mode of action, regulation, sequence of production, cellular localisation and production during host penetration. This is the first critical work on CDE of any entomopathogen. Several pathogenic isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii when grown in buffered liquid cultures containing comminuted locust cuticle as sole carbon source (good growth occurred on most monomeric and polymeric cuticular constituents), produced a variety of extracellular and bound enzymes corresponding to the major components of insect cuticle e.g. 3 endo-proteases, aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase A, lipase, esterase, chitinase and N-acetylglucosaminidase. Considerable variations occurred in levels of production between spp. and even within a sp., but endo-proteases were exceptional in being produced in large amounts by all the isolates. CDE were produced rapidly and sequentially in culture. The first activities to appear (< 24 h) were those of the proteolytic complex, chitinases were always produced substantially later. Properties of CDE were investigated in terms of pH and tem- erature optima, substrate specificity, molecular weight, iso-electric point, mechanism of substrate degradation and the effect of specific inhibitors. Studies with culture filtrates and purified CDE revealed that substrates in intact cuticles are amenable to degradation but the prior action of protease is necessary for significant degradation of the chitin. Staining of chitin by a fluorescent lectin (FITC-WGA) and calcofluor only in cuticles from which protein has been removed (by protease or KOH) also suggests initial masking of chitin. This and determination of amino acid composition of peptides solubilised by endo-protease revealed the potential of CDE in studying the physicochemical structure of insect cuticles. The apparently localised action of CDE during host penetration may result from molecular sieving, binding to fungal walls or binding to cuticle. The first possibility is lessened by the small size of the endo-enzymes (<34 K daltons) which could allow diffusion via the various canals which traverse cuticle. However, cuticle effectively binds (ionically) CDE, and also activities of several CDE remain partly bound in various ways to hyphae and conidia (by ionic binding to walls, by disulphide bonds, and on or within membrane structures). The involvement of proteolytic enzymes in infection was suggested by their presence in conidia, penetration structures, and infected cuticle (detected histochemically and following extraction from cuticles). Also the constitutive production of endo- and exo-proteases lends weight to their possible significance in parasitism as synthesis will be subject only to catabolite repression. Chitinase is induced by N-acetylglucosamine and was not detected in infected cuticle. Possible mechanisms and significance of enzymic degradation of cuticle during infection are discussed, particularly in comparison to host penetration by phytopathogenic fungi.
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Waugh, David A. "UTILITY OF FOSSIL CUTICLE MORPHOLOGY APPLIED TO THE TAPHONOMY AND TAXONOMY OF DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1374676153.

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BOUCHEZ, JEAN-MARC. "Le traitement chirurgical du melanome malin cutane." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M155.

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FLORENCE, ALAIN. "Le revetement cutane du conduit auditif externe." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX20388.

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Books on the topic "Cutele"

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I, Rowett Andrew, ed. Leaf and cuticle: Atlas of Australian leafy Lauraceae. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study, 1996.

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Glossett, Barb N. Cute vs. cute: Who's the cutest of them all? Bellevue, WA: Becker & mayer, 2012.

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Gorb, Stanislav. Attachment devices of insect cuticle. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.

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J, Blomquist Gary, and Bagnères Anne-Geneviève, eds. Insect hydrocarbons: Biology, biochemistry, and chemical ecology. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Markus, Riederer, and Muller Caroline, eds. Biology of the plant cuticle. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Pub., 2006.

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Insect hydrocarbons: Biology, biochemistry, and chemical ecology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Yuen, Carmen. Cute yummy time: 72 recipes for the cutest food you'll ever eat. New York, N.Y: Penguin Group, 2009.

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E, Percy Kevin, and NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Air Pollutants and the Leaf Cuticle (1993 : Fredericton, N.B.), eds. Air pollutants and the leaf cuticle. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1994.

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D, Freiman Lisa, Indianapolis Museum of Art, and David Winton Bell Gallery (Brown University), eds. Amy Cutler. Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz, 2006.

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Townsend, Michael. Cute & Cuter. Knopf Books for Young Readers, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cutele"

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "cuticle." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 137. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_2570.

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Gabrys, Beata, John L. Capinera, Jesusa C. Legaspi, Benjamin C. Legaspi, Lewis S. Long, John L. Capinera, Jamie Ellis, et al. "Cuticle." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 1138. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_10141.

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Villars, P., K. Cenzual, J. Daams, R. Gladyshevskii, O. Shcherban, V. Dubenskyy, V. Kuprysyuk, and I. Savysyuk. "CuTeCl." In Structure Types. Part 9: Space Groups (148) R-3 - (141) I41/amd, 781. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02702-4_555.

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Peroulis, Dimitrios, Prashant R. Waghmare, Sushanta K. Mitra, Supone Manakasettharn, J. Ashley Taylor, Tom N. Krupenkin, Wenguang Zhu, et al. "Cuticle." In Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology, 516. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9751-4_100167.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "cuticle cream." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 137. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_2571.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "cuticle liquid." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 137. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_2572.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "cuticle oil." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 137. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_2573.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "cuticle remover." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 137. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_2574.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "cuticle softener." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 137. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_2575.

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Grossman, Wendy M. "David Cutler." In Remembering the Future, 187–90. London: Springer London, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0945-7_32.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cutele"

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Li, Xiangjia, and Yang Yang. "3D Printing Collembola Cuticle Inspired Superhydrophobic Microstructures for Potential Deicing Application." In 2020 International Symposium on Flexible Automation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isfa2020-9644.

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Abstract Collembola cuticle structures demonstrated attractive and robust liquid super repellence due to the special evolved hierarchical patterns. These multiscale patterns consist of nanoscale triangle-shaped granules that are connected with microscale hexagon-shaped base structures. However, it is a challenge to reproduce such complex cuticle structures by using traditional manufacturing techniques. Here, the cuticle inspired structures were replicated via fiber-optic assisted three-dimensional photopolymerization (F3DP). This newly developed 3D printing process provided the capability to manipulate the geometry of bionic structures based on the natural cuticle structures. To enhance the liquid-repellent function, the 3D printed artificial cuticle structures were treated by the vapor phase process. The results show that the artificial cuticle structures reveal interesting properties in terms of superhydrophobicity, and the surface wettability can be modulated by controlling the height of bioinspired granules. Based on 3D printed artificial cuticle structures, a new icing protection surface was investigated. Compared with conventional methods, the 3D printed superhydrophobic surface decorated with artificial cuticle structures demonstrated promising perspectives in deicing applications.
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Coviello, Carmen, Simone Romano, and Giuseppe Scanniello. "CUTER." In ICSE '18: 40th International Conference on Software Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3183440.3194983.

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Davulcu, Hasan, Saikat Mukherjee, Arvind Seth, and I. V. Ramakrishnan. "CuTeX." In the 25th annual international ACM SIGIR conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/564376.564498.

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Moussian, Bernard. "Cuticle formation inCimex lectularius." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94529.

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Lai, Heather L., and Jennifer Beahan. "Dynamic Behavior of Biologically Inspired 3D Printed Visco-Elastic Heterogeneous Structures." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87845.

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Many jumping insects such as locusts have a composite leg structure which is a combination of a hard material called cuticle and a rubber-like protein called resilin. Research has shown that the muscular excitation during kicking is greatly amplified by the composite structure of the leg which combines the stiffness of the cuticle and the elasticity of the resilin in a catapult behavior. The composite structure has a modulus of elasticity close to that of cuticle, but has the added elasticity of the resilin, allowing energy to be stored in the structure without bending the brittle cuticle past its breaking point. With the advancement of heterogeneous 3D printing, it has become possible for multi-material models to be seamlessly printed in ways that mimic the mechanical behavior of biological structures such as the semi-lunar process of the jumping locust. The uses of this type of composite structure opens up a wide range of application for multi-material additive manufacturing. In the presented research, FEA is used to model the behavior of the locust semi-lunar process based on the material properties of both the natural tissues, and 3D printed materials. The mechanical behavior of 3D printed composite structures will then be compared with the modeled behavior.
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Meng, Jiwu, Xinguang Ren, Weimei Chen, and Xurong Xu. "Optical property of dermal cuticle." In Photonics China '98, edited by Junheng Li and James A. Harrington. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.317867.

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Curry, Eric, and Bruce Arey. "Apple cuticle: the perfect interface." In Scanning Microscopy 2010, edited by Michael T. Postek, Dale E. Newbury, S. Frank Platek, and David C. Joy. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.853913.

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Ghmati, Ramadan, Badih Jawad, and Selin Arslan. "Application of Cartesian Cut Cell Method for Incompressible Flow on High Lift Devices." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85549.

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With advances in computing power and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) algorithms, the complexity of CutCell based simulation models has significantly increased. In this study three dimensional numerical simulations were created for steady incompressible flow around an airfoil shape. The authors extended their work [39] on more complex geometries; NACA-23012 Wing with 20 percent C clark Y Flap was used for this study. Boundary layer thickness, mesh expansion ratio, and mesh density variation parameters were examined. Drag and lift coefficients were compared to measured data. Use of the CutCell method produces fair agreement between CFD results and measured data.
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Bustard, Helen K., and R. W. Smith. "Investigation into the Scattering of Light by Human Hair." In Light and Color in the Open Air. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lcoa.1990.thb2.

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The scattering of light by human hair depends on both the structure of the hair and how the hair has been treated. As hair grows it is naturally subjected to damage by grooming and the environment. A typical hair is a roughly cylindrical structure approximately 70 microns in diameter. It consists of three distinct layers of keratin material: the medulla, cortex and the cuticle (or scale layer). The outer layer (cuticle) is a laminar structure composed of between 5 and 10 elongated cells, which provide a radial mechanical constraint on the cortex. A schematic view of this arrangement is presented in figure 1.
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Sen, Koushik, Darko Marinov, and Gul Agha. "CUTE." In the 10th European software engineering conference held jointly with 13th ACM SIGSOFT international symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1081706.1081750.

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Reports on the topic "Cutele"

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Hansen, P. VLF Cutler Hollow Core Cable Repair/Replacement. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada290741.

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Schaffer, Arthur A., and Jocelyn Rose. Understanding Cuticle Development in Tomato through the Study of Novel Germplasm with Malformed Cuticles. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593401.bard.

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Plant cuticle development and metabolism are still poorly understood, partly due to the chemical complexity of the cuticular layer. The overall research objective was to broaden and deepen our understanding of tomato fruit cuticle development by analyzing novel germplasm with cuticular malformations and by studying the transcriptome and proteome of the fruit epidermal tissues, as strategies to overcome the challenges posed by the recalcitrance of the biological system. During the project we succeeded in identifying two genes with major impact on cuticle development. One of these encoded the first cutin synthase to be identified in plants, a metabolic step that had been a black box in cutin synthesis. In addition genes controlling the triterpenoid components of the cuticle were identified and, most interestingly, genetic variability for this component was identified among the wild tomato species germplasm. Additional germplasm was developed based on interspecific crosses that will allow for the future characterization of modifier genes that interact with the microfissuring gene (CWP) to promote or inhibit fruit cracking. One of the major accomplishments of the joint project was the integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of the fruit cuticle and underlying tissues which allows for the identification of the pericarp cell layers responsible for the extracellular, cuticle-localized protein component. The results of the project have expanded our understanding of tomato fruit cuticle development and its genetic control. In addition, germplasm developed will be useful in developing tomato varieties resistant to cracking, on the one hand, and varieties useful for the dehydration industry on the other.
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Szybinski, Z. A. New interpretation of the structural and stratigraphic setting of the Cutwell Group, Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/122443.

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Sen, Koushik, Darko Marinov, and Gul Agha. CUTE: A Concolic Unit Testing Engine for C. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada482657.

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Glazer, Itamar, Alice Churchill, Galina Gindin, and Michael Samish. Genomic and Organismal Studies to Elucidate the Mechanisms of Infectivity of Entomopathogenic Fungi to Ticks. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593382.bard.

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The overall goal of this research was to elucidate the factors affecting early development of Metarhizium spp. (previously named M. anisopliae) on ticks or tick cuticle extracts and the molecular basis of these early infection processes. The original objectives were: 1. Characterize the pre-penetration events (adhesion, germination and appressorium formation) of spores of M. anisopliae strains with high or low virulence during tick infection. 2. Create GFP-expressing strains of M. anisopliae tick pathogens having high and low virulence to compare their progress of infection by microscopy. 3. Use microarray analyses, primarily with existing M. anisopliae EST sequences in GenBank, to identify and characterize fungal genes whose expression is regulated in response to host cuticle extracts. Objective 3 was later modified (as approved by BARD) to use RNAseq to characterize the early stages of fungal gene expression during infection of intact host cuticles. This new method provides a massively larger and more informative dataset and allows us to take advantage of a) recently published genomes of Metarhizium robertsii and M. acridum for RNAseq data analysis, and b) newly developed and highly efficient cDNA sequencing technologies that are relatively low cost and, therefore, allow deep sequencing of multiple transcriptome samples. We examined pre-penetration and penetration events that differentiate high and low virulence strains of Metarhizium spp., focusing on spore adhesion, germination, appressorium formation, and penetration of tick integuments. Initiation of fungal infection was compared on susceptible and resistant tick species at different tick developmental stages. In vitro studies comparing the effects of protein and fatty acid profiles from tick cuticle extracts demonstrated that resistant tick cuticles contain higher concentrations of specific lipids that inhibit fungal development than do susceptible tick cuticles, suggesting one mechanism of Ixodidae resistance to fungal entomopathogens (Objective 1). We used molecular markers to determine that the three M. anisopliae strains from Israel that we studied actually were three distinct species. M. brunneum is highly virulent against the tick Rhipicephalus annulatus, M. pingshaense and M. robertsii are intermediate in virulence, and M. majus is of low virulence. We transformed all four Metarhizium species to express GFP and used them in pathogenicity assays against diverse tick species. Key findings were that a) resistant ticks inhibit Metarhizium infection prior to hemocoel invasion by reducing fungal viability on the cuticle surface (Objective 2), as was supported by the in vitro studies of Objective 1, and b) Metarhizium kills susceptible ticks after cuticle penetration but prior to hemocoel colonization. Transcriptome studies of the most virulent species, M. brunneum, are in progress and include analyses of ungerminated conidia and conidia germination and development on a low nutrient medium or on susceptible R. annulatus exoskeleton (Objective 3). We anticipate these studies will contribute to identifying fungal genetic factors that increase virulence and speed of kill and may help reveal tick chemistries that could be included in biocontrol formulations to increase efficacy. Methodologies developed to screen tick cuticle extracts for ability to support conidia germination and development may help in the selection of wild fungi with increased virulence against resistant ticks. The overall knowledge gained should contribute not only to the improvement of tick control but also to the control of other blood-sucking arthropods and related plant pests. Use of bio-based agents for controlling arthropods will contribute to a healthier, more sustainable environment and serve a growing number of organic food farmers.
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Hansen, P. M., and G. Dann. Impulse Flashover Tests at Edgar Beauchamp High Voltage Test Facility, Dixon, California, in Support of Cutler Insulator Failure Investigation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada456144.

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Fallik, Elazar, Robert Joly, Ilan Paran, and Matthew A. Jenks. Study of the Physiological, Molecular and Genetic Factors Associated with Postharvest Water Loss in Pepper Fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593392.bard.

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The fruit of pepper (Capsicum annuum) commonly wilts (or shrivels) during postharvest storage due to rapid water loss, a condition that greatly reduces its shelf life and market value. The fact that pepper fruit are hollow, and thus have limited water content, only exacerbates this problem in pepper. The collaborators on this project completed research whose findings provided new insight into the genetic, physiological, and biochemical basis for water loss from the fruits of pepper (Capsicum annuum and related Capsicum species). Well-defined genetic populations of pepper were used in this study, the first being a series of backcross F₁ and segregating F₂, F₃, and F₄ populations derived from two original parents selected for having dramatic differences in fruit water loss rate (very high and very low water loss). The secondly population utilized in these studies was a collection of 50 accessions representing world diversity in both species and cultivar types. We found that an unexpectedly large amount of variation was present in both fruit wax and cutin composition in these collections. In addition, our studies revealed significant correlations between the chemical composition of both the fruit cuticular waxes and cutin monomers with fruit water loss rate. Among the most significant were that high alkane content in fruit waxes conferred low fruit water loss rates and low permeability in fruit cuticles. In contrast, high amounts of terpenoids (plus steroidal compounds) were associated with very high fruit water loss and cuticle permeability. These results are consistent with our models that the simple straight chain alkanes pack closely together in the cuticle membrane and obstruct water diffusion, whereas lipids with more complex 3-dimensional structure (such as terpenoids) do not pack so closely, and thus increase the diffusion pathways. The backcross segregating populations were used to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with water loss (using DART markers, Diversity Arrays Technology LTD). These studies resulted in identification of two linked QTLs on pepper’s chromosome 10. Although the exact genetic or physiological basis for these QTLs function in water loss is unknown, the genotypic contribution in studies of near-isogenic lines selected from these backcross populations reveals a strong association between certain wax compounds, the free fatty acids and iso-alkanes. There was also a lesser association between the water loss QTLs with both fruit firmness and total soluble sugars. Results of these analyses have revealed especially strong genetic linkages between fruit water loss, cuticle composition, and two QTLs on chromosome 10. These findings lead us to further speculate that genes located at or near these QTLs have a strong influence on cuticle lipids that impact water loss rate (and possibly, whether directly or indirectly, other traits like fruit firmness and sugar content). The QTL markers identified in these studies will be valuable in the breeding programs of scientists seeking to select for low water loss, long lasting fruits, of pepper, and likely the fruits of related commodities. Further work with these newly developed genetic resources should ultimately lead to the discovery of the genes controlling these fruit characteristics, allowing for the use of transgenic breeding approaches toward the improvement of fruit postharvest shelf life.
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Sen, Koushik, and Gul Agha. CUTE and jCUTE: Concolic Unit Testing and Explicit Path Model-Checking Tools (Tools Paper). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada484701.

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Pirone, Thomas P., Benjamin Raccah, and Nor Chejanovsky. Vector Specificity in Potyvirus Transmission: Role of the Helper Component. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586456.bard.

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Objectives: The overall objective of this research was to gain a better understanding of how potyviruses interact with their aphid vectors. The aim was to design new approaches for prevention of potyvirus spread by aphids. The sub-objectives included: (1). Determination of which of the HCs of different potyviruses effect efficient transmission by specific aphid vectors; (2). Determine regions in the HC that play a role in their compatibility with the vector; (3). Determine the factors within the aphid stylets that modify HC activity in transmission. Background of the topic: Background to the topic: Potyviruses are typical non persistent viruses. They are retained within the vector’s stylets and rapidly lost by the vector. Some potyviruses greatly differ in their ability to be transmitted by different aphid species. The present work centered on analyzing factors that may modify the interactions between the "helper component"(HC), the virions and the aphid species involved. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: It was established that specificity of transmission may depend on aphid species used. It was also shown that specificity may depend on the affinity between HC and virion. However, the attempts to create activechimericTEV/TuMVHCs or ZYMV/TuMVHCs to identify the regions that determine interaction with a specific vector(s), were not successful. More progress was attained in objective 3: In Kentucky, tests were conducted to ascertain retention tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV) HC in the stylets of L. erysimicompared to that in M. persicae. Ultra-thin section of stylets of aphids that fed on either TuMVHC or TVMVHC antibodies were treated with gold-labeled goat anti-rabbit antibodies.TuMV was seen in 25% the stylets of L. erysimi when they acquired TuMVHC but not when they acquired TVMVHC. In M. persicae, TVMVHC was present in 30% of the stylets. . Transmission with TuMVHC was not affected by treatment with L. erysimi saliva whereas transmission with PVYHC (which also is not functional in L. erysimi) was consistently reduced by about half. Saliva from M. persicaehad essentially no effect on either HC. The possible role aphid cuticle proteins (which are found on the stylets surface) in the association with the potyviralHC was investigated in Israel. This was done adopting two approaches: (a) isolation of cuticular proteins from aphid cuticle; (b) screening for genes encoding cuticular proteins. In the first approach, we succeeded in extracting proteins from whole homogenized M. persicaeusing concentrated urea. The extracted protein served for preparation of anti cuticular antibodies. In overlay experiments it was found that cuticular proteins specifically bind to ZYMVHC. In addition, a cDNA library of M. persicae has been prepared. Genes encoding for cuticular proteins were ascertained using antibodies to cuticular proteins. This allowed reporting the sequence of the first cuticular gene of aphids and comparing it in six aphid species. Implications, scientific and agricultural: Achievements: (1) Proofs were provided for the role of the specificity of the aphid species to the HC of certain potyviruses; (2) aphid’s saliva was found to affects transmission efficiency; (3) cuticle protein genes were isolated for the first time from aphid species and an association of cuticle protein with the potyviralHC was discerned. Agricultural and/or economic impact of the research findings: At this stage of research, our finding do not bear an agricultural or economic impact.
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Ander, Kjell. An abdominal stridulation organ in Cyphoderris (Prophalangopsidae) and concerning the systematic classification of the Ensifera (Saltatoria). MacEwan University Library, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31542/r.gm:2687.

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Ensiferan insects (crickets, katydids, grigs and allies) are well known for rubbing parts of their cuticle together to produce sound: a process called stridulation. In this article Swedish entomologist Kjell Ander describes a novel (at the time) stridulatory apparatus in the great grig, Cyphoderris monstrosa (Prophalangopsidae), a relict ensiferan found in the mountainous regions of western North America. Ander used preserved specimens to predict the sound-producing function of a pair of abdominal file-scraper apparatuses, although he was never able to directly test his proposed mechanism nor did he speculate as to the adaptive significance of the structures. The article concludes with a review of the systematic placement of various higher level taxa within the order Orthoptera, of which Ensifera is one suborder.
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