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CHEITLIN, MELVIN D., and HASSAN KHAYAM-BASHI. "Biomarkers of Myocardial Infarction: Finding the Right Cut-off Point." Cardiology in Review 9, no. 6 (November 2001): 323–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00045415-200111000-00007.
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Rota, Matteo, and Laura Antolini. "Finding the optimal cut-point for Gaussian and Gamma distributed biomarkers." Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 69 (January 2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2013.07.015.
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Unal, Ilker. "Defining an Optimal Cut-Point Value in ROC Analysis: An Alternative Approach." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3762651.
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ROC curve analysis is often applied to measure the diagnostic accuracy of a biomarker. The analysis results in two gains: diagnostic accuracy of the biomarker and the optimal cut-point value. There are many methods proposed in the literature to obtain the optimal cut-point value. In this study, a new approach, alternative to these methods, is proposed. The proposed approach is based on the value of the area under the ROC curve. This method defines the optimal cut-point value as the value whose sensitivity and specificity are the closest to the value of the area under the ROC curve and the absolute value of the difference between the sensitivity and specificity values is minimum. This approach is very practical. In this study, the results of the proposed method are compared with those of the standard approaches, by using simulated data with different distribution and homogeneity conditions as well as a real data. According to the simulation results, the use of the proposed method is advised for finding the true cut-point.
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Baran, Mehmet, and Sıtkı Sönmezer. "HOW TO GROUP FINANCIAL DATA WITH MAXIMUM HOMOGENEITY?" EMAJ: Emerging Markets Journal 3, no. 1 (February 7, 2013): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/emaj.2013.36.
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Grouping may be an obstacle itself or it may have to be improved to extract better information out of a data stream. Finding trends and dividing a population into parts may be crucial for analyses. This paper offers a modified version of Fisher method that may smoothen the cut point transitions and give out better results. Proven methodology is given with a comparison with the original method. The method may be helpful in forming subgroups in financial data, possibly in technical analyses.Keywords: Grouping, Fisher Method, Trends, Cut points
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Ural, S., and J. Shan. "MIN-CUT BASED SEMANTIC BUILDING LABELING FOR AIRBORNE LIDAR DATA." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-2-2020 (August 3, 2020): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-2-2020-305-2020.
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Abstract. Classification and segmentation of buildings from airborne lidar point clouds commonly involve point features calculated within a local neighborhood. The relative change of the features in the immediate surrounding of each point as well as the spatial relationships between neighboring points also need to be examined to account for spatial coherence. In this study we formulate the point labeling problem under a global graph-cut optimization solution. We construct the energy function through a graph representing a Markov Random Field (MRF). The solution to the labeling problem is obtained by finding the minimum-cut on this graph. We have employed this framework for three different labeling tasks on airborne lidar point clouds. Ground filtering, building classification, and roof-plane segmentation. As a follow-up study on our previous ground filtering work, this paper examines our building extraction approach on two airborne lidar datasets with different point densities containing approximately 930K points in one dataset and 750K points in the other. Test results for building vs. non-building point labeling show a 97.9% overall accuracy with a kappa value of 0.91 for the dataset with 1.18 pts/m2 average point density and a 96.8% accuracy with a kappa value of 0.90 for the dataset with 8.83 pts/m2 average point density. We can achieve 91.2% overall average accuracy in roof plane segmentation with respect to the reference segmentation of 20 building roofs involving 74 individual roof planes. In summary, the presented framework can successfully label points in airborne lidar point clouds with different characteristics for all three labeling problems we have introduced. It is robust to noise in the calculated features due to the use of global optimization. Furthermore, the framework achieves these results with a small training sample size.
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Rao, Rahul. "Cognitive impairment in older people with alcohol use disorders in a UK community mental health service." Advances in Dual Diagnosis 9, no. 4 (November 21, 2016): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/add-06-2016-0014.
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Purpose The assessment of cognitive impairment in community services for older people remains under-explored. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach Cognitive impairment was examined in 25 people aged 65 and over with alcohol use disorders, on the caseload of community mental health services over a six-month period. All subjects assessed using Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Assessment (ACE-III). Findings In total, 76 per cent of the group scored below the cut-off point for likely dementia but only 45 per cent of people scored below the cut-off point for tests of language, compared with 68-84 per cent people in other domains. Research limitations/implications This finding has implications for the detection of alcohol-related brain cognitive impairment in clinical settings. Practical implications Standardised cognitive testing is common within mental health services for older people, but may also have utility within addiction services. Social implications The early detection of alcohol-related cognitive impairment can improve social outcomes in both drinking behaviour and the social consequences of alcohol-related dementia. Originality/value This may be the first published study of cognitive impairment in patients under a mental team for older people with alcohol use disorders and offers some unique findings within this sampling frame.
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Camarda, Massimo, Antonino La Magna, Patrick Fiorenza, Gaetano Izzo, and Francesco La Via. "Theoretical Monte Carlo Study of the Formation and Evolution of Defects in the Homoepitaxial Growth of SiC." Materials Science Forum 600-603 (September 2008): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.600-603.135.
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A novel Monte Carlo kinetic model has been developed and implemented to predict growth rate regimes and defect formation for the homo-epitaxial growth of various SiC polytypes on different substrates. Using this model we have studied the generation of both point like and extended defects in terms of the growth rate and off-cut angle, finding qualitative agreement with both electrical and optical characterization and analytical results.
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Polewski, P., W. Yao, M. Heurich, P. Krzystek, and U. Stilla. "Detection of fallen trees in ALS point clouds by learning the Normalized Cut similarity function from simulated samples." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-3 (August 7, 2014): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-3-111-2014.
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Fallen trees participate in several important forest processes, which motivates the need for information about their spatial distribution in forest ecosystems. Several studies have shown that airborne LiDAR is a valuable tool for obtaining such information. In this paper, we propose an integrated method of detecting fallen trees from ALS point clouds based on merging small segments into entire fallen stems via the Normalized Cut algorithm. A new approach to specifying the segment similarity function for the clustering algorithm is introduced, where the attribute weights are learned from labeled data instead of being determined manually. We notice the relationship between Normalized Cut’s similarity function and a class of regression models, which leads us to the idea of approximating the task of learning the similarity function with the simpler task of learning a classifier. Moreover, we set up a virtual fallen tree generation scheme to simulate complex forest scenarios with multiple overlapping fallen stems. The classifier trained on this simulated data yields a similarity function for Normalized Cut. Tests on two sample plots from the Bavarian Forest National Park with manually labeled reference data show that the trained function leads to high-quality segmentations. Our results indicate that the proposed data-driven approach can be a successful alternative to time consuming trial-and-error or grid search methods of finding good feature weights for graph cut algorithms. Also, the methodology can be generalized to other applications of graph cut clustering in remote sensing.
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Mustafa, Faisal, and Roderick Julian Robillos. "PROPER SAMPLE SIZES FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE TESTING: A SIMPLE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 4 (August 13, 2020): 442–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8443.
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Purpose of study: Small sample size is the most common limitation which restricts the generalization of research results, and this is true to many fields, including language testing. The current study is sought to show the predictive power of sample sizes over the population mean to decide what sample minimum size can be considered as a proper sample size for a language test.
Methodology: The data for this quantitative research was 5,250 paper-based TOEFL test scores considered as the population, which includes listening, structure, and reading tests, and it is the most familiar standardized test among EFL researchers. Due to its objective nature, it leaves little chance for bias scores. The score ranged between 30.7% of 417 in the TOEFL scale and 95.7% or 653. Standard error was used as the parameter in deciding the proper sample size. It was the cut-off point when the parameter did not show any obvious change when the sample size was added. We used hierarchical agglomerative clustering with three clusters, determined using 30 indices through the majority rule, in finding out the cut-off point.
Main Findings: It was found that the cut-off point is at the sample size of 52 with the range between 46 and 59. Therefore, it can be concluded that the minimum proper sample size for a research study involving a language test is n = 46.
Application of this study: The results of this study apply to the area of English language teaching and testing. However, it does not rule out the possibility that the study result applies to tests in other languages.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The result of this study should be treated as statistical evidence of the proper sample size to avoid inaccurate or conflicting research results in language teaching where a test is used for analysis.
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Sharma, Raghav, and Navneet Agarwal. "Comparison of CT scan and intraoperative findings of cervical lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma with post-operative histopathology." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 7, no. 6 (May 26, 2021): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20212114.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong>In oral cancer are 90% are squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and lymphatic metastasis influences prognosis .With help of contrast CT scan finding done preoperatively and intraoperative finding during neck dissection we tried to generate a scoring system by which we can predict cervical lymph nodes metastasis systematically.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Biopsy proven oral SCC cases underwent surgery between May 2012 to December 2018. Contrast enhanced computerized tomography (CECT) neck, intraoperative finding and post operative HPR (histopathology) were compared for the largest size node in the neck. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were calculated by using the hpr findings in the neck dissection specimen as control. Out of 68 cases, supraomohyoid neck dissection was done in 16 cases and radical neck dissection in 52 cases. Scores were put in Open Epi screening test software. Best cut off point was calculated using Youden Index.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Best cut off score (using Youden index and ROC curve) for CT scan was >1 out of 7 features (size >10 mm, central necrosis of lymph node, matting of lymph node, shape, extracapsular spread, vascular invasion, central hypodensity). Best cut off for intraoperative palpation was ≥3 out of 4 features (size, feel on palpation, adherence to surrounding structure, shape).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intraoperative findings can change the extent of surgery for being high sensitive and specific as compared to CT scan which is high sensitive but low specificity. A scoring system can be generated preoperative and intraoperatively to predict a node being malignant or not.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
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Knott, Jeffrey R., John C. Tinsley, and Stephen G. Wells. "Are the Benches at Mormon Point, Death Valley, California, USA, Scarps or Strandlines?" Quaternary Research 58, no. 3 (November 2002): 352–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2002.2382.
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AbstractThe benches and risers at Mormon Point, Death Valley, USA, have long been interpreted as strandlines cut by still-stands of pluvial lakes correlative with oxygen isotope stage (OIS) 5e/6 (120,000–186,000 yr B.P.) and OIS-2 (10,000–35,000 yr B.P.). This study presents geologic mapping and geomorphic analyses (Gilbert's criteria, longitudinal profiles), which indicate that only the highest bench at Mormon Point (∼90 m above mean sea level (msl)) is a lake strandline. The other prominent benches on the north-descending slope immediately below this strandline are interpreted as fault scarps offsetting a lacustrine abrasion platform. The faults offsetting the abrasion platform most likely join downward into and slip sympathetically with the Mormon Point turtleback fault, implying late Quaternary slip on this low-angle normal fault. Our geomorphic reinterpretation implies that the OIS-5e/6 lake receded rapidly enough not to cut strandlines and was ∼90 m deep. Consistent with independent core studies of the salt pan, no evidence of OIS-2 lake strandlines was found at Mormon Point, which indicates that the maximum elevation of the OIS-2 lake surface was −30 m msl. Thus, as measured by pluvial lake depth, the OIS-2 effective precipitation was significantly less than during OIS-5e/6, a finding that is more consistent with other studies in the region. The changed geomorphic context indicates that previous surface exposure dates on fault scarps and benches at Mormon Point are uninterpretable with respect to lake history.
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Ural, Serkan, and Jie Shan. "A MIN-CUT BASED FILTER FOR AIRBORNE LIDAR DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (June 9, 2016): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b3-395-2016.
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LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a routinely employed technology as a 3-D data collection technique for topographic mapping. Conventional workflows for analyzing LiDAR data require the ground to be determined prior to extracting other features of interest. Filtering the terrain points is one of the fundamental processes to acquire higher-level information from unstructured LiDAR point data. There are many ground-filtering algorithms in literature, spanning several broad categories regarding their strategies. Most of the earlier algorithms examine only the local characteristics of the points or grids, such as the slope, and elevation discontinuities. Since considering only the local properties restricts the filtering performance due to the complexity of the terrain and the features, some recent methods utilize global properties of the terrain as well. This paper presents a new ground filtering method, Min-cut Based Filtering (MBF), which takes both local and global properties of the points into account. MBF considers ground filtering as a labeling task. First, an energy function is designed on a graph, where LiDAR points are considered as the nodes on the graph that are connected to each other as well as to two auxiliary nodes representing ground and off-ground labels. The graph is constructed such that the data costs are assigned to the edges connecting the points to the auxiliary nodes, and the smoothness costs to the edges between points. Data and smoothness terms of the energy function are formulated using point elevations and approximate ground information. The data term conducts the likelihood of the points being ground or off-ground while the smoothness term enforces spatial coherence between neighboring points. The energy function is optimized by finding the minimum-cut on the graph via the alpha-expansion algorithm. The resulting graph-cut provides the labeling of the point cloud as ground and off-ground points. Evaluation of the proposed method on the ISPRS test dataset for ground filtering demonstrates that the results are comparable with most current existing methods. An overall average filtering accuracy for the 15 ISPRS test areas is 91.3%.
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Ural, Serkan, and Jie Shan. "A MIN-CUT BASED FILTER FOR AIRBORNE LIDAR DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (June 9, 2016): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b3-395-2016.
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LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a routinely employed technology as a 3-D data collection technique for topographic mapping. Conventional workflows for analyzing LiDAR data require the ground to be determined prior to extracting other features of interest. Filtering the terrain points is one of the fundamental processes to acquire higher-level information from unstructured LiDAR point data. There are many ground-filtering algorithms in literature, spanning several broad categories regarding their strategies. Most of the earlier algorithms examine only the local characteristics of the points or grids, such as the slope, and elevation discontinuities. Since considering only the local properties restricts the filtering performance due to the complexity of the terrain and the features, some recent methods utilize global properties of the terrain as well. This paper presents a new ground filtering method, Min-cut Based Filtering (MBF), which takes both local and global properties of the points into account. MBF considers ground filtering as a labeling task. First, an energy function is designed on a graph, where LiDAR points are considered as the nodes on the graph that are connected to each other as well as to two auxiliary nodes representing ground and off-ground labels. The graph is constructed such that the data costs are assigned to the edges connecting the points to the auxiliary nodes, and the smoothness costs to the edges between points. Data and smoothness terms of the energy function are formulated using point elevations and approximate ground information. The data term conducts the likelihood of the points being ground or off-ground while the smoothness term enforces spatial coherence between neighboring points. The energy function is optimized by finding the minimum-cut on the graph via the alpha-expansion algorithm. The resulting graph-cut provides the labeling of the point cloud as ground and off-ground points. Evaluation of the proposed method on the ISPRS test dataset for ground filtering demonstrates that the results are comparable with most current existing methods. An overall average filtering accuracy for the 15 ISPRS test areas is 91.3%.
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Schmitz, Norbert, Alain Lesage, and JianLi Wang. "Should Psychological Distress Screening in the Community Account for Self-Perceived Health Status?" Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 54, no. 8 (August 2009): 526–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370905400805.
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Objective: Psychological distress questionnaires are often used as screening instruments for mental disorders in clinical and epidemiologic settings. Poor physical health may affect the screening properties of a questionnaire. We evaluate the effect of self-perceived health status on the screening performance of the Kessler K10 and K6 scales in a community sample. Methods: We used data from the Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Well-Being (CCHS 1.2). Psychological distress was measured by the 6–item (K6) and the 10–item (K10) Kessler instrument. Depression and anxiety disorders were assessed using the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (1–month estimates). Optimal cut-off points regarding health status were determined by finding the K6 and K10 values that allowed for the best balance between sensitivity and specificity. Stratum-specific likelihood ratios (SSLRs) were computed to define strata with discriminating power. Results: There was a strong association between the screening performance of the K6 and K10 scales and self-perceived health status: for the K10 scale, a cut-off point of 5/6 yielded the best balance between sensitivity and specificity for subjects with excellent or very good health status, while a cut-off point of 14/15 yielded the best balance between sensitivity and specificity for subjects with poor health status. Conclusions: The combination of the K6 and K10 scales, with a self-rated health status item, may improve screening properties of the 2 scales.
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Verwaaijen, Emma J., Patrick van der Torre, Josef Vormoor, Rob Pieters, Marta Fiocco, Annelies Hartman, and Marry M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink. "Novel Adaption of the SARC-F Score to Classify Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Patients with Functional Sarcopenia." Cancers 15, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15010320.
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Sarcopenia in pediatric hemato-oncology patients is undesirable because of the consequences it may have for treatment continuation and outcome, physical abilities and participation in daily life. An easy-to-use screening tool for sarcopenia will facilitate the identification of children at risk who need interventions to prevent serious physical deterioration. In the elderly, the use of the SARC-F score as a case-finding tool for sarcopenia is recommended. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the accuracy of the pediatric SARC-F (PED-SARC-F) for identifying sarcopenia in pediatric hemato-oncology patients, including the determination of a cut-off point for clinical use. Patients 3–20 years of age, under active treatment or within 12 months after treatment cessation were eligible. Patients had a physiotherapy assessment including a PED-SARC-F (0–10) and measurements of muscle strength (handheld dynamometry), physical performance (various tests) and/or muscle mass (bio-impedance analysis), as part of the standard of care. Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rs) between the PED-SARC-F and physiotherapy outcomes were calculated. Structural sarcopenia was defined as low appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) in combination with low muscle strength and/or low physical performance. Functional sarcopenia indicated low muscle strength combined with low physical performance. Multiple logistic regression models were estimated to study the associations between the PED-SARC-F and structural/functional sarcopenia. To evaluate which cut-off point provides the most accurate classification, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs), sensitivity and specificity per point were calculated. In total, 215 assessments were included, 62% were performed in boys and the median age was 12.9 years (interquartile range: 8.5–15.8). The PED-SARC-F scores correlated moderately with the measurements of muscle strength (rs = −0.37 to −0.47, p < 0.001) and physical performance (rs = −0.45 to −0.66, p < 0.001), and weakly with ASMM (rs = −0.27, p < 0.001). The PED-SARC-F had an AUC of 0.90 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.84–0.95) for functional sarcopenia and 0.79 (95% CI = 0.68–0.90) for structural sarcopenia. A cut-off point of ≥5 had the highest specificity of 96% and a sensitivity of 74%. In conclusion, we adapted the SARC-F to a pediatric version, confirmed its excellent diagnostic accuracy for identifying functional sarcopenia and defined a clinically useful cut-off point in pediatric hemato-oncology patients.
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Rogers, Richard, Nathan D. Gillard, Chelsea N. Wooley, and Colin A. Ross. "The Detection of Feigned Disabilities." Assessment 19, no. 1 (September 27, 2011): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191111422031.
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Research on feigned mental disorders indicates that severe psychopathology coupled with significant trauma histories often complicate feigning determinations, resulting in inaccuracies on otherwise effective measures. As part of malingering assessments, the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) is often used because of its excellent validation and the availability of three feigning indicators (Negative Impression, Malingering Index, and Rogers Discriminant Function), which have evidenced large effect sizes and clinically useful cut scores. The current study examined the effectiveness of the PAI in a traumatized inpatient sample using a between-subjects simulation design. Although Negative Impression appeared affected by trauma—especially in conjunction with dissociative symptoms—very positive results were found for Malingering Index and Rogers Discriminant Function. They remained relatively unelevated under honest conditions, despite posttraumatic stress disorder and extensive comorbidity. Using single-point cut scores provided moderately good classification of feigned and genuine PAI profiles. For purposes of classification, the authors operationally defined small indeterminate groups that were considered too close to classify (i.e., ±5T of the cut scores). With indeterminate cases removed, the overall classification rates improved modestly. However, the more important finding involved the error rates for the indeterminate group, which exceeded 50%. Directions for further research are discussed.
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Haroon, Shamil, Peymane Adab, Richard D. Riley, David Fitzmaurice, and Rachel E. Jordan. "Predicting risk of undiagnosed COPD: development and validation of the TargetCOPD score." European Respiratory Journal 49, no. 6 (June 2017): 1602191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02191-2016.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is greatly underdiagnosed worldwide and more efficient methods of case-finding are required. We developed and externally validated a risk score to identify undiagnosed COPD using primary care records.We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled case-finding trial in the West Midlands, UK. Participants aged 40–79 years with no prior diagnosis of COPD received a postal or opportunistic screening questionnaire. Those reporting chronic respiratory symptoms were assessed with spirometry. COPD was defined as presence of relevant symptoms with a post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio below the lower limit of normal. A risk score was developed using logistic regression with variables available from electronic health records for 2398 participants who returned a postal questionnaire. This was externally validated among 1097 participants who returned an opportunistic questionnaire to derive the c-statistic, and the sensitivity and specificity of cut-points.A risk score containing age, smoking status, dyspnoea, prescriptions of salbutamol and prescriptions of antibiotics discriminated between patients with and without undiagnosed COPD (c-statistic 0.74, 95% CI 0.68–0.80). A cut-point of ≥7.5% predicted risk had a sensitivity of 68.8% (95% CI 57.3–78.9%) and a specificity of 68.8% (95% CI 65.8.1–71.6%).A novel risk score using routine data from primary care electronic health records can identify patients at high risk for undiagnosed symptomatic COPD. This score could be integrated with clinical information systems to help primary care clinicians target patients for case-finding.
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Williams, Kimberly G., Michael Sanderson, Nathalie Jette, and Scott B. Patten. "Validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in neurologic populations." Neurology: Clinical Practice 10, no. 3 (October 23, 2019): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/cpj.0000000000000748.
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BackgroundBecause of symptom overlap, there is uncertainty about the validity of depression rating scales in neurologic populations. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for detecting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual–defined major depressive episodes in people with neurologic conditions.MethodsParticipants were recruited from outpatient clinics for multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, migraine, Parkinson disease, and stroke for this cross-sectional study. Participants were administered a questionnaire (this included the PHQ-9), chart review, and a follow-up telephone interview. The Structured Clinical Interview for Depression was used as the reference standard for psychiatric diagnoses. The performance of PHQ-9 was analyzed using sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratios (DORs), and receiver operator curve analysis.ResultsAll neurologic subpopulations had a specificity greater than 78% and sensitivity greater than 79% at a cut-point of 10. Using a random-effects model, the I-squared value was 13.7%, and Tau2 was 0.05, showing homogeneity across the neurologic subpopulations. The pooled DOR was 25.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 14.9–42.8). Meta-analytic analysis found that for sensitivity, the pooled estimate was 90% (95% CI 81–97), and for specificity, it was 85% (95% CI 79–90).ConclusionsDespite theoretical concerns about its validity, the PHQ-9 performed well at its standard cut-point of 10. Consistent with the literature, being able to use a validated, brief tool that is available publicly should improve case finding of depression in neurologic populations. When considering clinical practicality along with the findings of this analyzed, this study confirmed that the PHQ-9 is valid in a general outpatient neurologic population.
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Lin, Z., N. Huang, C. Avestruz, W. L. K. Wu, S. Trivedi, J. Caldeira, and B. Nord. "DeepSZ: identification of Sunyaev–Zel’dovich galaxy clusters using deep learning." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 507, no. 3 (August 5, 2021): 4149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2229.
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ABSTRACT Galaxy clusters identified via the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect are a key ingredient in multiwavelength cluster cosmology. We present and compare three methods of cluster identification: the standard matched filter (MF) method in SZ cluster finding, a convolutional neural networks (CNN), and a ‘combined’ identifier. We apply the methods to simulated millimeter maps for several observing frequencies for a survey similar to SPT-3G, the third-generation camera for the South Pole Telescope. The MF requires image pre-processing to remove point sources and a model for the noise, while the CNN requires very little pre-processing of images. Additionally, the CNN requires tuning of hyperparameters in the model and takes cut-out images of the sky as input, identifying the cut-out as cluster-containing or not. We compare differences in purity and completeness. The MF signal-to-noise ratio depends on both mass and redshift. Our CNN, trained for a given mass threshold, captures a different set of clusters than the MF, some with signal-to-noise-ratio below the MF detection threshold. However, the CNN tends to mis-classify cut-out whose clusters are located near the edge of the cut-out, which can be mitigated with staggered cut-out. We leverage the complementarity of the two methods, combining the scores from each method for identification. The purity and completeness are both 0.61 for MF, and 0.59 and 0.61 for CNN. The combined method yields 0.60 and 0.77, a significant increase for completeness with a modest decrease in purity. We advocate for combined methods that increase the confidence of many low signal-to-noise clusters.
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Ghaffari, Samad, Arezou Tajlil, Naser Aslanabadi, Ahmad Separham, Bahram Sohrabi, Gholamreza Saeidi, and Leili Pourafkari. "Clinical and laboratory predictors of coronary slow flow in coronary angiography." Perfusion 32, no. 1 (July 19, 2016): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659116659918.
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Background: The coronary slow-flow phenomenon (CSFP) is a multifactorial angiographic finding with no established pathogenesis. Objective: To investigate the role of clinical profile and laboratory findings in patients with CSFP. Methods: We prospectively recruited 69 patients with angiographically diagnosed CSFP and compared them with 88 patients with normal coronary flow. Demographic information, comorbidities and laboratory analysis, including complete blood count with differential, lipid profile and serum biochemical analysis, were documented and compared in univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Patients with CSFP were more likely to be male and active smokers. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, hemoglobin and hematocrit, platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width and red cell distribution width (RDW) were all higher in patients with CSFP. In multivariate regression analysis, including smoking, total cholesterol, hematocrit, fasting blood glucose and red cell distribution width, except fasting blood glucose, all variables were independently associated with CSFP. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed a cut-off point of 13.05% for RDW with a sensitivity of 74.6% and a specificity of 77.3% (p<0.001, AUC = 0.802) A cut-off value of 11.35% for PDW had a 89.9% sensitivity and 98.9% specificity for the prediction of CSFP (p<0.001, AUC = 0.970) Conclusion: The changes of circulating blood cell components in patients with CSFP may be indicative of underlying inflammation and endothelial dysfunction that should be investigated in experimental studies.
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Morales-Palma, Domingo, Marcos Borrego, Andrés Martínez-Donaire, Gabriel Centeno, and Carpóforo Vallellano. "Optimization of Hole-Flanging by Single Point Incremental Forming in Two Stages." Materials 11, no. 10 (October 18, 2018): 2029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11102029.
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Single point incremental forming (SPIF) has been demonstrated to accomplish current trends and requirements in industry. Recent studies have applied this technology to hole-flanging by performing different forming strategies using one or multiple stages. In this work, an optimization procedure is proposed to balance fabrication time and thickness distribution along the produced flange in a two-stage variant. A detailed analytical, numerical and experimental investigation is carried out to provide, evaluate and corroborate the optimal strategy. The methodology begins by analysing the single-stage process to understand the deformation and failure mechanisms. Accordingly, a parametric two-stage SPIF strategy is proposed and evaluated by an explicit Finite Element Analysis to find the optimal parameters. The study is focused on AA7075-O sheets with different pre-cut hole diameters and considering a variety of forming tool radii. The study exposes the relevant role of the tool radius in finding the optimal hole-flanging process by the proposed two-stage SPIF.
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Hong, Changki, Chang Won Won, Byung-Sung Kim, Hyunrim Choi, Sunyoung Kim, Sung-Eun Choi, and Seongho Hong. "Gait Speed Cut-Off Point as a Predictor of Fall in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Three-Year Prospective Finding from Living Profiles of Elderly People Surveys in Korea." Korean Journal of Family Practice 6, no. 2 (April 30, 2016): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2016.6.2.105.
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Assadian Rad, Mohammad, Hassan Moladoust, Asemeh Pourrajabi, Zohreh Heidarnezhad, and Amir Savarrakhsh. "DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF NUMBER OF FRAGMENTED QRS LEADS IN PREDICTION OF CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY RESPONSE IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE." Pakistan Heart Journal 55, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47144/phj.v55i4.2262.
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Objectives: We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of fragmented QRS (fQRS) numbers in surface electrocardiogram (ECG) in heart failure (HF) patients for prediction of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) non-responders. Methodology: In this study, patients with HF who were candidates for CRT implantation were enrolled. A 12-lead surface electrocardiogram was conducted with the aim of finding fQRS. Presence of more than 2 notching in the R or S wave in wide QRS complexes in at least two adjacent leads corresponding to a coronary bed, considered as fQRS. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography 3-6 months after the CRT implantation for the evaluation of Left Ventricular End Diastolic Volume (LVEDV), Left Ventricular End Systolic Volume (LVESV), and Left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF). The data were analyzed by SPSS v.22 software. P-value of less than 0.05 considered significant. Results: We investigated on a total of 73 patients with HF that 64.38% of them responded to CRT. Most of responders were patients without fQRS complexes (80%). LVEF, LVESV, and LVEDV were different significantly before and after CRT implantation in patients with fQRS (p<0.001). Our results showed that the presence of at least one fQRS can lead to non-responsiveness to CRT. Therefore, we take cut-off point equal-greater than one into account as the best cut-off point for response to CRT. The area under the curve (AUC) for CRT prediction was 0.715 (95% CI: 0.598-0.815, P=0.003). Conclusion: In conclusion, the presence of even one fQRS in the surface ECG can predict CRT non-responsiveness with good accuracy.
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Littlewood, Elizabeth, Shehzad Ali, Lisa Dyson, Ada Keding, Pat Ansell, Della Bailey, Debrah Bates, et al. "Identifying perinatal depression with case-finding instruments: a mixed-methods study (BaBY PaNDA – Born and Bred in Yorkshire PeriNatal Depression Diagnostic Accuracy)." Health Services and Delivery Research 6, no. 6 (February 2018): 1–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr06060.
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Background Perinatal depression is well recognised as a mental health condition but < 50% of cases are identified in routine practice. A case-finding strategy using the Whooley questions is currently recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Objectives To determine the diagnostic accuracy, acceptability and cost-effectiveness of the Whooley questions and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to identify perinatal depression. Design A prospective diagnostic accuracy cohort study, with concurrent qualitative and economic evaluations. Setting Maternity services in England. Participants A total of 391 pregnant women. Main outcome measures Women completed the Whooley questions, EPDS and a diagnostic reference standard (Clinical Interview Schedule – Revised) during pregnancy (20 weeks) and postnatally (3–4 months). Qualitative interviews were conducted with health professionals (HPs) and a subsample of women. Results Diagnostic accuracy results: depression prevalence rates were 10.3% during pregnancy and 10.5% postnatally. The Whooley questions and EPDS (cut-off point of ≥ 10) performed reasonably well, with comparable sensitivity [pregnancy: Whooley questions 85.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 70.2% to 94.3%; EPDS 82.5%, 95% CI 67.2% to 92.7%; postnatally: Whooley questions 85.7%, 95% CI 69.7% to 95.2%; EPDS 82.9%, 95% CI 66.4% to 93.4%] and specificity (pregnancy: Whooley questions 83.7%, 95% CI 79.4% to 87.4%; EPDS 86.6%, 95% CI 82.5% to 90.0%; postnatally: Whooley questions 80.6%, 95% CI 75.7% to 84.9%; EPDS 87.6%, 95% CI 83.3% to 91.1%). Diagnostic accuracy of the EPDS (cut-off point of ≥ 13) was poor at both time points (pregnancy: sensitivity 45%, 95% CI 29.3% to 61.5%, and specificity 95.7%, 95% CI 93.0% to 97.6%; postnatally: sensitivity 62.9%, 95% CI 44.9% to 78.5%, and specificity 95.7%, 95% CI 92.7% to 97.7%). Qualitative evaluation: women and HPs were supportive of screening/case-finding for perinatal depression. The EPDS was preferred to the Whooley questions by women and HPs, mainly because of its ‘softer’ wording. Whooley question 1 was thought to be less acceptable, largely because of the terms ‘depressed’ and ‘hopeless’, leading to women not revealing their depressive symptoms. HPs identified a ‘patient-centred’ environment that focused on the mother and baby to promote discussion about mental health. Cost-effectiveness results: screening/case-finding using the Whooley questions or the EPDS alone was not the most cost-effective strategy. A two-stage strategy, ‘Whooley questions followed by the Patient Health Questionnaire’ (a measure assessing depression symptomatology), was the most cost-effective strategy in the range between £20,000 and £30,000 per quality-adjusted life-year in both the prenatal and postnatal decision models. Limitations Perinatal depression diagnosis was not cross-referenced with women’s medical records so the proportion of new cases identified is unknown. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening/case-finding strategies was not assessed as part of a randomised controlled trial. Conclusions The Whooley questions and EPDS had acceptable sensitivity and specificity, but their use in practice might be limited by low predictive value and variation in their acceptability. A two-stage strategy was more cost-effective than single-stage strategies. Neither case-finding instrument met National Screening Committee criteria. Future work The yield of screening/case-finding should be established with reference to health-care records. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening/case-finding for perinatal depression needs to be tested in a randomised controlled trial. Funding The National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
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Gauchan, Eva, and Sahisnuta Basnet. "High Red Cell Distribution Width as a Biomarker of Mortality in Critically Ill Paediatric Patients." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 40, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v40i3.29596.
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Introduction: Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a frequently overlooked parameter in routine haematological reports. It is a simple and inexpensive test which has been found by many adult studies to be a prognostic indicator of mortality in intensive care units. The objective of this study was to see if high RDW could be used as a marker to predict mortality in critically ill children.
Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary hospital of Western Nepal over a period of one year. Study subjects were selected by purposive sampling method. RDW at admission and relative change in RDW (ΔRDW) was compared to see if they had any role in predicting mortality in this group of children. Receiver operating curve analysis was plotted to find an optimal cut-off point to define high and low RDW and various outcome parameters were analysed.
Results: Out of 131 children, there were 12 (9.1%) mortalities. Admission RDW was higher in the death group as compared to the survivor group (17 vs 14.6; p = 0.012). Similar finding was seen with ΔRDW (0.45 vs 0.00; p = 0.006). ΔRDW above the cut-off value of 0.15 was found to be associated with a generally more complicated course during hospitalisation as well as had more risk of mortality.
Conclusions: Both RDW and ΔRDW above the cut-off value were found to be associated with mortality. In addition, high ΔRDW was also found to predict a more complicated course during hospitalisation.
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Stephenson-Cino, Patricia, Meir Steiner, Lester Krames, Ellen Bouchard Ryan, and Gail Huxley. "Depression in Elderly Persons and its Correlates in Family Practice: A Canadian Study." Psychological Reports 70, no. 2 (April 1992): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.70.2.359.
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Depression was studied in a Canadian community sample of 582 men and 906 women over the age of 65 years. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) provided the measure of depressive symptomatology. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule was used to confirm clinical diagnosis. A total of 8% of the sample (4.3% of men and 10.4% of women) were at or above the cut-off point of 16 on the Depression Scale. Significant Pearson correlations with depression were found for gender and education. The married and never married persons showed low depression while the widowed, separated, or divorced appeared to be at high risk. The relationship of marital status to depression is primarily a woman's issue as most elderly men are married. This finding may have implications for policy and program planning for this population.
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Zuraeva, Zamira T., Larisa V. Nikankina, Galina S. Kolesnikova, Fatima M. Abdulhabirova, Pavel O. Rumiantsev, Vladimir E. Vanushko, and Natalia M. Malysheva. "Thyroglobulin measurement in fine-needle aspirates of lymph nodes in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer." Endocrine Surgery 13, no. 1 (August 7, 2019): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/serg9824.
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Background: The high incidence of cervical lymph nodes metastasis in highly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and insufficient of existing diagnostic methods determines the urgency of finding reliable and more effective tests.
Aims: The aim of our study is to determine the prognostic significance of the thyroglobulin measurement in washout fluid from fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA-Tg) and the cut-off value in the diagnosis of DTC lymph nodes metastasis.
Materials and methods: 245 patients evaluated for suspicious cervical lymph nodes were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent FNA-Tg, serum thyroglobulin (sTg) levels, thyroglobulin antibodies (Tg-Ab), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured. 125 patients with malignant changes according to FNA and/or high FNA-Tgvalues underwent surgical treatment. Patients were divided into 2 groups with reactive (n = 23) and metastatic (n = 102) changes. FNA-TG was assayed on automated system Cobas 601 (Roche, France).
Results: All patients were comparable by sex, age and levels of TSH, sTG, Tg-Ab. The FNA-Tg median in metastatic group was 537.0 [0.1; 1000], and in benign group – 17.9 [0.5; 158.0], p = 0.003. The sensitivity of isolated FNA was 85%, specificity 57%, AUC = 0.618, 95% CI 0.516–0.713. The sensitivity and specificity of FNA-Tg was 73% and 100%, respectively, AUC = 0.865, 95% CI 0.78–0.92. The optimal cut-off point for malignancy was >9.2 ng/ml (sensitivity 75%, specificity 100%), Youden Index 0.73.
Conclusions: Additional FNA-Tg may increase the sensitivity of isolated FNA in evaluation of DTC lymph node metastasis. The optimized cut-off value >9.2 ng/ml can be proposed as a diagnostic threshold for the definition of malignancy.
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Fraundorf, P., and G. K. Fraundorf. "Fourier transform “darkfield” techniques." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100152586.
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The standard approach to localizing single crystal regions in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) is to form tilted-illumination darkfield images with a diffracted beam down the microscope axis, and other electrons cut off by a centered objective aperture.This capability for localizing periodicities is powerful and shared by few other diffraction techniques.High resolution TEM’s with point resolution and information limit below the spacing between atoms (e.g. 0.2 nm) are capable of putting information on all of the large crystal periodicities directly into phase contrast images.The refinement of techniques for finding and characterizing the crystals associated with spots, corresponding to the diffracted beams, in power spectra from such images has thus become a regular subject in the microscopy literature [e.g. 1-3]. Here, we illustrate that such techniques are useful for more than localizing crystallite boundaries.We also suggest one strategy for improving on the useful, but ad hoc, strategies now in hand.
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Tang, Shuai, Qing Zhou, Yuelun Zhang, Lin Chen, Xuerong Yu, Yanming Zhang, Zhenhong Qi, Yu Xia, and Yuguang Huang. "Ultrasound Measured Depth of Pelvic Free Fluid Correlates Well with Blood Loss Volume in Patients with Ectopic Pregnancy." Emergency Medicine International 2020 (December 10, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8874581.
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Purpose. The ultrasonic finding of pelvic free fluid which suggests the possibility of internal haemorrhage helps the determination of the severity of patients. Methods. We conducted a retrospective study investigating ultrasonic measurements and haemorrhage volumes in patients having an ectopic pregnancy in a single centre from January 2013 to November 2016. The logistic regression model was used to establish the prediction model for haemorrhage volumes. The diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by area under ROC curve (AUC) analysis. We employed 800 ml as the cut-off point of the haemorrhage and further set it to 1000 ml and 1200 ml in the sensitivity analysis. Results. The mean pelvic free fluid depths measured by TVS and TAS were 4.45 ± 2.15 cm and 4.45 ± 2.56 cm in the haemorrhage ≥800 ml group, while they were 2.48 ± 1.51 cm and 2.55 ± 1.19 cm in <800 ml group. AUCs and the corresponding cut-off points were 0.741 (95% CI 0.677 to 0.804) and 0.118 when predicted by the standardised depths of TVS and TAS, 0.784 (95% CI 0.696–0.872) and 2.95 cm by the raw depths of TVS, and 0.748 (95% CI 0.665–0.831) and 3.35 cm by the raw depths of TAS. Conclusions. The depth of pelvic free fluid measured by TVS and TAS can be used to predict blood loss volume in patients having an ectopic pregnancy. TVS may perform better than TAS.
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Mueller, Dirk, David Clark, Joris VanNunen, Ed Rea, and Hatim Haloui. "Laser-based Package Singulation and Trenching for SiP." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2016, DPC (January 1, 2016): 002182–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2016dpc-tha43.
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Pulsed lasers are solving some packaging challenges for SiP applications. SiP devices designed for mobile devices with communication capability often have a need for EMI shielding. Nanosecond UV and picosecond green lasers are finding use in cutting these multi-compound packages as well as trench for exposing board contacts used for grounding. Mechanical cutting may not be an option if the perimeter of the package is not a simple rectangle. Water jet cutting may bear the risk of the package to fail to to water seeping in between the package layers during cutting. We will demonstrate how laser-based SiP package cutting and trenching can ameliorate both of those concerns and point toward limitations of laser-based processes. Today's high power nanosecond UV lasers are capable of cutting 1mm thick packages at an effective cutting speed of more than 10mm/s. The resulting cut surface shows no charring or melting. The surface roughness allows for excellent adhesion of EMI shielding paint on the cut conformal compound. Since the laser beam can be controlled with a programmable scanner, arbitrary shapes can be cut just as easily as simple rectangles. Difference ablation rates between polymer and copper allow the laser to trench the conformal coating and stop automatically when a metal layer is exposed. This self-terminating process leads to a precise exposure even when the conformal coating thickness differs from part to part. For the utmost in surface quality picosecond lasers can be employed. Their shorter pulse duration allows for an even lower surface roughness and less thermal impact on the package. Using an ultrafast laser, such as a 10ps laser, has the additional advantage that the process scales in speed with increased laser power. The excellent edge quality and possibility to cut random shapes allow laser-based processes to complement mechanical processes in high-end applications. We will present a full cost of ownership model that allows the designer to predict the exact singulation and trenching cost for a given package size.
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Lewis, Gladius. "Fracture Toughness and Quantitative Computed Tomography Number of Human Tibia Cortical Bone." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 02, no. 02 (June 1998): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957798000160.
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In spite of its importance, the fracture toughness of human bone has been the subject of only a few studies. The objective of the first part of the present work was, thus, to expand this database. For this purpose, linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) principles and single-edge-notched three-point bend specimens were used to determine the fracture toughness of compact bone cut from the tibiae of embalmed cadavers (donor ages between 36 and 94 years). The overall mean and standard deviations of the fracture toughness were 3.12 and 1.21 MP/m, respectively. The case for using LEFM principles, various aspects of four key variables, and the present results are all fully discussed. In the second part of the study, the computed tomography (CT) number of all the specimens were measured. Correlational analysis of all the results demonstrated that CT number exerts a moderately positive influence on fracture toughness for this bone. The clinical significance of this finding is discussed.
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Marshall, M., C. Shannon, C. Meenagh, N. Mc Corry, and C. Mulholland. "The association between childhood trauma, parental bonding and depressive symptoms and interpersonal functioning in depression and bipolar disorder." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 35, no. 1 (January 19, 2017): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2016.43.
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ObjectivesThis study explores rates of a history of childhood trauma in adult patients with bipolar disorder and depression and the impact of such trauma and parental bonding patterns on depressive mood and interpersonal functioning at the time of assessment.MethodsA cross-sectional design was used and a sample of 49 participants was recruited from a mental health outpatient service in Northern Ireland. Data were subject to correlations, one-way analysis of variance and hierarchal regression analyses. A cut-off point of r=±0.25 was used to select variables for inclusion in the hierarchal regression analyses.ResultsHigh rates of childhood trauma were present in both samples: 74% in bipolar disorder and 82% in depression. Childhood trauma and poor parental bonding (with mother) were significant predictors of higher rates of current inter-episode depressive mood and interpersonal difficulties.ConclusionsThis finding adds to the evidence that routine assessment of early childhood experience is likely to prove helpful in clinical care.
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LABIBZADEH, Mojtaba, and Reza HAMIDI. "EFFECT OF STRESS PATH, SIZE AND SHAPE ON THE OPTIMUM PARAMETERS OF A BRITTLE-DUCTILE CONCRETE MODEL." Engineering Structures and Technologies 9, no. 4 (December 21, 2017): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/2029882x.2017.1414636.
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The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the stress path, size and shape of the specimen, on the optimum values of the plastic input parameters of Concrete Damaged Plasticity-CDP- model of the ABAQUS software. This study concentrates on eccentricity, dilatation angle and viscosity input parameters. To finding optimum values of the mentioned parameters, an objective function which estimates the error of the model predictions was defined and tried to minimize. For evaluating the effect of the stress path on this optimization procedure, four different standard tests were simulated by the ABAQUS software: uniaxial compression, dual compression, dual-border cut specimen and three-point bending tests. For studying the effect of the size of the specimen, the three-point bending test, with three different sizes of the beam were modeled in the ABAQUS software. Furthermore, for investigating the effect of the specimen shape on the input parameters, a notched disk in a tensile stress field was modeled. Obtained results demonstrated that the path of the stress can influence significantly on the optimum values of the input parameters, while it was revealed that the CDP model can automatically take into account the size and shape effects in the simulation.
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Ibrahim, Muhammad Alhaji, and Wum Thiam Yew. "An assessment of the level of knowledge of secondary school mathematics subject matter among final year pre-service mathematics teachers as a basis for teaching school mathematics." Journal of Mathematics and Science Teacher 3, no. 1 (January 19, 2023): em027. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/mathsciteacher/12853.
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The study sough to establish whether final year pre-service mathematics teachers have mastered secondary school mathematics subject matter as a basis for teaching mathematics at secondary school level immediately after graduation. Based on the assumption of 80% of scores (Guskey & Anderman, 2013) and above in the test administered as accepted cut off point to signify mastery of secondary school mathematics curriculum, the finding of the study revealed that 48.57% of the final year pre-service mathematics teachers have scored 80% and above in the test, which signifies their level of knowledge of secondary school mathematics subject matter, while 51.43% of the final year pre-service mathematics teachers have scored less than 80% in the test, which signifies their inadequate mastery of school mathematics subject matter. The finding shows that over 50% of the final year pre-service mathematics teachers cannot be relied upon to teach secondary school mathematics curriculum with confidence, this is because majority of the final year pre-service mathematics teachers’ (51.43%) have demonstrated inadequate mastery of the subject matter for which they have been trained to teach immediately after graduation. Based on the findings, the following recommendation were put forward; to ensure adequate mastery of school mathematics subject matter among final year pre-service mathematics teachers as a predictable tools for employment, and to serve as a basis for teaching mathematics at secondary school level, mathematics teacher education training should include all secondary school mathematics curricular in their training to ensure adequate mastery of the subject matter among the pre-service teachers.
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Medenica, Ivica, Aleksandar Radunovic, Dragan Madzarac, Miodrag Zoric, Dubravko Bokonjic, and Bratislav Stojkovic. "Arthroscopic findings after shoulder dislocation." Vojnosanitetski pregled 66, no. 7 (2009): 517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0907517m.
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Background/Aim. Recurrent instability of the shoulder joint is frequently difficult to differentiate from diseased or injured rotator cuff or tendon of the forearm flexor (m. biceps brachii). Shoulder joint arthroscopy has been only recently introduced into instable shoulder joint lesion examination. The aim of this study was to present and analyze an arthroscopic finding on instable shoulder joint in order to determine causes and mechanisms of instability, as well as principles of surgical treatment. Methods. Arthroscopy of the shoulder joint was performed in 158 patients with at least one documented shoulder joint dislocation. These patients were divided into two groups. The group I included the patients with one to three dislocations, while the group II those with more than three dislocations. Preoperative diagnosis was based on anamnestic data and clinical examination using specific tests, and on the diagnosis of shoulder joint using radiography or computed tomography. Results. Out of the total number of the patients 138 (87.34%) had injury of the anterior patellar brim, 119 (75.32%) had failure of the anterior capsule, 126 (79.75%) had compressive cartilage injury of the posterior part of the head of the upper arm bone (Hill-Sachs lesion), 102 (64.56%) had insufficiency of glenohumeral tendon, 11 (6.96) had complete cut of the rotator cuff, 23 (14.56%) had injury of the posterior patellar brim, 12 (7.59%) had injury of the upper anterior-posterior patellar brim (SLAP). Conclusion. According to the obtained results it could be concluded that there is no a unique injury that leads to shoulder joint instability. It is necessary to point out to the significance of anamnesis and clinical examination in making diagnosis. Arthroscopic diagnostics is indicated in clinically unreliable findings as an additional method for determining operative treatment.
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Whata, Albert, and Charles Chimedza. "Credibility of Causal Estimates from Regression Discontinuity Designs with Multiple Assignment Variables." Stats 4, no. 4 (November 11, 2021): 893–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/stats4040052.
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In this paper, we determine treatment effects when the treatment assignment is based on two or more cut-off points of covariates rather than on one cut-off point of one assignment variable. using methods that are referred to as multivariate regression discontinuity designs (MRDD). One major finding of this paper is the discovery of new evidence that both matric points and household income have a huge impact on the probability of eligibility for funding from the National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) to study for a bachelor’s degree program at universities in South Africa. This evidence will inform policymakers and educational practitioners on the effects of matric points and household income on the eligibility for NSFAS funding. The availability of the NSFAS grant impacts greatly students’ decisions to attend university or seek other opportunities elsewhere. Using the frontier MRDD analytical results, barely scoring matric points greater than or equal to 25 points compared to scoring matric points less than 25 for students whose household income is less than R350,000 (≈US$2500) increases the probability of eligibility for NSFAS funding by a significant 3.75 ( p-value = 0.0001 < 0.05) percentage points. Therefore, we have shown that the frontier MRDD can be employed to determine the causal effects of barely meeting the requirements of one assignment variable, among the subjects that either meet or fail to meet the requirements of the other assignment variable.
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Prashanth, S. N., Harshita Jagwani, Sudha Kiran Das, Jagadish Kumar, and Srinivasa Murthy. "Gallbladder Wall Thickness to Predict Severe Dengue in Children." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 41, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v41i3.35384.
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Introduction: Significant increase in plasma leakage is characteristic of severe dengue. This results in collection of fluid in serous cavities. Gall bladder wall thickening (GBWT) often precedes the development of pleural effusion and ascites. Early detection of plasma leakage and management is shown to reduce mortality in dengue illness. Ultrasonography is a point of care investigation to identify GBWT. The aim of this study was to determine the cut-off value of GBWT to predict severe dengue in the early phase of the illness. Methods: This was a prospective study done on 310 children with dengue illness. Abdomen and chest ultrasound was done in all these children between third and sixth day of illness. GBWT of more than 3.5 mm was taken as a thickened gall bladder wall. Maximum severity of the illness was considered for categorising the severity of dengue. Results: Out of 310 children, 160 (51.6%) were categorized as dengue fever, 91 (29.4%) as dengue with warning signs and 59 (19%) as severe dengue. The incidence of thickened gall bladder wall was 27.5% in DF (Dengue fever), 68% in DF with warning signs and 96.6% in severe dengue. The odds of finding thickened gall bladder wall in severe dengue are 3.5 times that of dengue fever. GBWT increases as the severity of the illness increases. GBWT of 5 mm has sensitivity of 93.7% and specificity of 70% to predict progress to severe dengue. There was a fair correlation of 46% between thickened gall bladder wall and thrombocytopenia. Gall bladder wall thickness of 2.5 mm had sensitivity of 86.3% and specificity of 80% for ascites. GBWT of 3.5 mm had a sensitivity of 77.6% and specificity of 85% for pleural effusion. Conclusions: GBWT assessment by ultrasonography in early phase of illness can be used as a point of care modality to predict severe dengue. The sensitivity and specificity to predict the progression to severe dengue is 93.7% & 70% respectively for the cut-off value of five mm of GBWT.
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Khademvatani, Kamal, Zahra Yekta, Mirhosein Seyed Mohammadzad, Shahriar Khanahmadi, Roghaiyeh Afsargharehbagh, Leila Majdi, Alireza Rostamzadeh, et al. "The predictive value of serum klotho in diabetes mellitus and hypertension." Journal of Nephropathology 10, no. 1 (July 20, 2020): e07-e07. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jnp.2021.07.
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Introduction: Klotho allele status is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and hypertension. Objectives: To determine if serum klotho level was lower among diabetic and hypertensive patients compared to control group. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 90 participants. Thirty pure diabetic patients and 30 participants with pure hypertension were compared with the healthy control group. Multiple logistic regressions were used to examine the association between serum klotho and diabetes and hypertension. We also tested the cut off point of serum klotho to predict hypertension and diabetes by using ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve. Results: The level of serum klotho was significantly lower in diabetic and hypertensive patients. Participants with higher klotho were less likely to have diabetes and hypertension [OR: 0.48, 95% CI (0.22-0.81)] even after adjustment for covariates. ROC curve for diabetes and hypertension indicated 0.8 area under the curve which was statistically significant. Conclusion: This study found that serum klotho was associated with lower odds of diabetes and hypertension. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to confirm this finding.
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Cowley, Christopher. "Introduction: The agents, acts and attitudes of supererogation." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 77 (September 16, 2015): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246115000181.
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I confess to finding the term ‘supererogation’ ugly and unpronounceable. I am also generally suspicious of technical terms in moral philosophy, since they are vulnerable to self-serving definition and counter-definition, to the point of obscuring whether there is a single phenomenon about which to disagree. It was surely not accidental that J.O. Urmson, in his classic 1958 article that launched the contemporary Anglophone debate, eschewed the technical term in favour of the more familiar concepts of saints and heroes. Since then, however, the term Supererogation has bedded down to encompass a number of more or less clear-cut philosophical debates, one of which concerns precisely the extent to which saintliness and heroism exhaust the supererogatory. And it has to be admitted that the word ‘saint’ has certain theological connotations that might be misleading in a secular philosophical discussion (in this volume, only Wynn and Drummond-Young invoke theological ideas), while the word ‘hero’ has potentially limiting associations with knights and soldiers and other forms of testosterone-driven accomplishment.
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Satyaprasad, Dr B. G., and Prof Anusha P.H. "A STUDY ON OPTIMAL PORTFOLIO CONSTRUCTION OF FMCG AND PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR STOCK WITH REFERENCE TO BSE." International Journal of Social Sciences & Economic Environment 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53882/ijssee.2018.0301002.
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In the current fluctuating market, it is very essential to select an optimal portfolio for an investor to minimize the risk and rather reap maximum benefits, from the available set of assets. A comparison between the various available assets is prima facie. A most commonly used modus operandi is the expected return-to-risk trade off as measured by the Sharpe Index Model. This study illustrates an analysis of four years’ asset value, from 2010 to 2015, of companies picked from FMCG & Pharmaceutical sectors. In this regard, Sharpe Index Model is used, which is regularly employed to assess the performance of mutual funds and portfolio strategies. This study aims at evaluating the portfolio performance, thereby bringing out the optimal combination of assets to be invested in afore said two sectors. It is done basically by ranking the picked assets based on excess return to beta ratio and then finding out the cut off point (Ci), thereby the optimal combination of the assets. Keywords: Portfolio, Sharpe index, Risk & Return
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Burgess, Raquel, Meredith Vanstone, Margo Mountjoy, and Lawrence Grierson. "Lines in the sand: pre-interview rank and probability of receiving admission to medical school." Canadian Medical Education Journal 10, no. 3 (July 21, 2019): e49-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36834/cmej.61275.
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Background: We provide an examination of one medical school’s attempt to determine whether their cut-off point for number of interviews offered is congruent with the probability these applicants’ have for admission post-interview.
Methods: Offer probability was determined by organizing pre-interview rankings from 2013-2017 (n = 2,659) applicant cohorts into bins of 50 applicants and finding the quotient of successful and total applicants in each bin.A linear-by-linear association Chi-square test and adjusted standardized residuals with an applied Bonferroni correction were used to determine if the observed frequencies in each bin were different than expected by chance. A Spearman Correlation analysis between pre- and post-interview ranks was conducted.
Results: All applicants have between a 50.0% and 76.4% chance of admission. Observed frequencies are different than chance (χ(1)=50.835, p<.001), with a significantly greater number of offers seen in the bins between 1 and 100 (p<.001 for both bins). There is a weak positive relationship between pre- and post-rank, rs(2657)= 0.258, p<.001.
Conclusion: The results indicate the number of interviews conducted does not exceed a threshold wherein individuals with a relatively low chance of admission are interviewed. Findings are interpreted with respect to ethical resource allocation for both programs and applicants.
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Goldstein, J., A. Carter, M. Harrison, M. Arab, B. Stewart, J. Jensen, and A. Muise. "P090: Validation of a palliative or end of life care case-finding measure in emergency medical services." CJEM 22, S1 (May 2020): S97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2020.296.
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Introduction: The novel Paramedics Providing Palliative Care at Home program has been developed to address the mismatch between traditional paramedic practice and patient's goals of care. Case-finding is key to estimate potential impact for systems looking to establish such programs, continuous quality improvement once operational, and for prospective identification of patients who might benefit from referral to palliative care. Typical paramedic charting templates do not provide direct identification of these cases. Our objective was to test the validity of a previously derived Palliative Support Composite Measure (PSCM) and two modifications. Methods: A priori Gold Standard criteria for determining whether a response was appropriate for a paramedic palliative care approach were identified by expert consensus. Excluding chief complaints and clinical conditions that were universally identified as not appropriate for paramedic palliative support, these criteria were applied by two trained chart abstractors to 500 consecutive charts to classify calls as appropriate for paramedic palliative support, or not. The PSCM and modifications (added criteria call location type and registration in a palliative care program, text mining terms) were applied to the same cohort, and sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predicative (PPV/NPV) values calculated. Results: Of the 500 cases, 21 (4.2%) were classified as appropriate for paramedic palliative support by the Gold Standard (kappa 0.734). 9 cases with initial disagreement were reviewed with 8 ultimately being deemed to fit the palliative support criteria. The PSCM performed poorly (using the “potential palliative” cut point): sensitivity 71.4% (95%CI: 47.8-88.7), specificity 71.4% (95%CI: 67.1-75.4) and PPV of 9.9% (95%CI: 7.5-12.9) and NPV of 98.3% (95%CI: 96.7-99). The modified PSCM: sensitivity 61.9% (95% CI: 38.4-81.9), specificity 99% (95%CI: 97.6-99.7), PPV 72.2% (95%CI: 50.5-86.9) and NPV 98.3% (95%CI: 97.2-99). A Modified PSCM plus pall* text term performed similarly: sensitivity100% (83.9-100), specificity 97.3% (95% CI: 95.4-98.5), PPV 61.8% (95%CI: 48.6-73.4) and NPV100%. Conclusion: A modified PSCM provides moderate sensitivity, specificity and PPV, improved by the text term Pall* if feasible. This query will be helpful to systems considering a paramedic palliative care program or when one is already operational.
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Ebrahimpour-Koujan, Soraiya, Leila Azadbakht, Sanaz Benisi-Kohansal, and Ahmad Esmaillzadeh. "A Population-Based Case-Control Study on Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity in Relation to Breast Cancer in a Middle-Eastern Country." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac052.006.
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Abstract Objectives Data on the association between dietary total antioxidant capacity (dTAC) and odds of breast cancer are scare. This is particularly relevant to developing countries where dietary intakes of antioxidants seem insufficient. This population-based case-control study was conducted to investigate the association between dietary TAC intake and odds of breast cancer among Iranian women. Methods In this population-based case-control study, 350 newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer were recruited and 700 age-matched control subjects were enrolled. Dietary intakes were examined by the use of a 106-item dish-based validated FFQ. Dietary total antioxidant capacity of each participant was computed by summing up dTAC from all foods and dishes using ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) method. The quintile cut-off point of energy-adjusted dTAC was obtained in the control group. These cut-off points were used to classify all study participants into quintiles in terms of dTAC intake. Results After controlling for potential confounders, individuals in the highest category of dietary TAC were 22% less likely to have breast cancer compared to those in the bottom category (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.47, 1.30); however, this finding was not statistically significant. Participants in the third quintile had significantly lower odds for breast cancer compared with those in the first quintile (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.34–0.93). Stratified-analysis by menopausal status revealed significant association between dietary total anti-oxidant capacity and odds of breast cancer in pre-menopause women, even after adjustment for BMI (OR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.004, 0.22). Such a significant inverse association was seen in postmenopausal women for those in the third quintile of dietary TAC compared with those in the first quintile (OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.26–0.78). Conclusions It seems that dietary total antioxidant capacity might be inversely associated with odds of breast cancer, particularly in premenopausal. Further prospective investigations are needed to confirm these findings. Funding Sources No funding sources.
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Беглов, И., I. Beglov, Вячеслав Рустамян, Vyacheslav Rustamyan, И. Антонова, and I. Antonova. "Mathematical Interpretation for a Method of Rotation of a Point Around a Second Order Curved Axis." Geometry & Graphics 6, no. 4 (January 29, 2019): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5c21f6e832b4d2.25216268.
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Previously, the method of rotating of flat geometric objects around curvilinear axes was described by us. The next step in the path of our research should be the development of methods for the automated creation of surfaces digital models obtained by the described rotation method. We have created models of surfaces, the axis and the forming curve of which are circles lying in the same plane. Several cases of mutual disposition for such circles were analyzed. Modeling was carried out using constructive techniques. Surfaces were created using the “surface by section” operation. The centers of such circular sections belong to the axis of rotation, if it is a circle. Using the special tools incorporated in the KOMPAS-3D program, we have cut the surfaces modeled in this way by planes, and obtained a number of flat sections. Taking into account the difficulties occurring during the study of such complex geometric objects by means of flat graphic constructions, as well as graphic computer modeling, we have realized the need to create a mathematical apparatus describing these objects’ shape. The required mechanism should be applicable to any pair of second-order curves interconnected as “axis — generatix”. We have considered an elementary example – the rotation of a point around a curve elliptical axis. In this paper a solution for the problem of finding a system of equations describing a set of point positions, which it will successively take when rotating around the elliptic axis, is presented. It is possible to apply a similar mathematical apparatus to axes having the form of other quadrics, for example, hyperbolas or parabolas, as well as to generatices consisting of more than one point, that is, to forming curves.
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Hegoburu, Ignacio, Karina Listiarini Zedda, and Svetlozar Velizarov. "Treatment of Electroplating Wastewater Using NF pH-Stable Membranes: Characterization and Application." Membranes 10, no. 12 (December 6, 2020): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10120399.
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Industrial adoption of nanofiltration (NF) for treatment of low-pH wastewater is hindered by the limited membrane lifetime at strongly acidic conditions. In this study, the electroplating wastewater (EPWW) filtration performance of a novel pH-stable NF membrane is compared against a commercial NF membrane and a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. The presented membrane is relatively hydrophobic and has its isoelectric point (IEP) at pH 4.1, with a high and positive zeta potential of +10 mV at pH 3. A novel method was developed to determine the molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) at a pH of 2, with a finding that the membrane maintains the same MWCO (~500 Da) as under neutral pH operating conditions, whereas the commercial membrane significantly increases it. In crossflow filtration experiments with simulated EPWW, rejections above 75% are observed for all heavy metals (compared to only 30% of the commercial membrane), while keeping the same pH in the feed and permeate. Despite the relatively lower permeance of the prepared membrane (~1 L/(m2·h·bar) versus ~4 L/(m2·h·bar) of the commercial membrane), its high heavy metals rejection coupled with a very low acid rejection makes it suitable for acid recovery applications.
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Osborn, Marijane. "Rereading The Wife’s Lament with Dido of Carthage: The Husband and the Herheard." Humanities 11, no. 3 (May 30, 2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h11030069.
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The Old English poem in The Exeter Book titled The Wife’s Lament is about longing and loneliness; the woman speaking in the poem longs for her absent husband who has sent her to live in a “cave under an oak tree”. The husband’s attitude toward his wife is a major point of controversy among commentators on the poem: has he sent her there as a punishment or for her protection? This essay argues that he loves her and seeks to protect her in his absence. The argument supporting this view addresses the following three topics: the reason he must leave and his brooding silence preceding that departure, the culture of warrior oaths, and the nature of the “cave” where the speaker is located. The first two discussions assess and reframe previous scholarship, while the discussion of the speaker’s location introduces a new area of research, the archaeology of early medieval rock-cut buildings. Finding that the poet might imagine the Wife inhabiting such a constructed building invites us to think about her, her husband, the poem, and even the Exeter Book itself within a new and interesting real-world context.
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Wilmink, A. B. M., M. Forshaw, C. R. G. Quick, C. S. Hubbard, and N. E. Day. "Accuracy of serial screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms by ultrasound." Journal of Medical Screening 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jms.9.3.125.
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OBJECTIVES: To assess the accuracy of screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) by ultrasound (US). SETTING: An aneurysm screening programme in Huntingdon. METHODS: False negative tests were identified by tracing all patients with a ruptured aneurysm who were screened and then finding the number classified as normal on US. False positive tests were identified by calculating the number of aneurysmal aortas on US that were classified as normal on CT. Measurement variability of the infrarenal aortic diameter between US and CT was estimated. RESULTS: 14 out of 93 patients with a ruptured AAA since 1991 had been screened. No ruptured aneurysm had been classified as normal on US. All 64 patients with an AAA larger than 4.5 cm on US had their aneurysm confirmed on CT. The mean difference between CT and US measurements was 4 mm. The limit of variability between CT and US was 12 mm. CONCLUSION: No false negative scans were found using a cut off point of 3 cm as abnormal. No false positives were found if subjects with an AAA exceeding 4.5 cm were referred for further procedures. A serial US screening policy has excellent screening performance, justifying its use as a screening tool.
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NG, KIN-WANG. "SAMPLE VARIANCE IN LARGE-SCALE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPY MEASUREMENTS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 07, no. 01 (February 1998): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271898000097.
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The effects of limited sky coverage in large-angle cosmic microwave background anisotropy experiments are investigated by computing the variance of the angular two-point correlation function with an incomplete sphere. We find that, assuming a power spectrum of density fluctuations with spectral index n = 1, the Galactic cut of half-width 20° (40°) about the Equator made by the COBE DMR experiment would induce a sample variance on the rms temperature fluctuation [(ΔT/T) rms ]2 (or equivalently, the correlation function at zero lag), which is 12% (38%) greater than the cosmic variance with a whole sky coverage. This result is about two times smaller than the naive expectation that the cosmic variance is enhanced by a factor of [Formula: see text], where A is the solid angle sampled by the experiment. We also find that the sample variance of the correlation function at nonzero lag can approach the cosmic variance limit. Our approach provides an analytic way of finding a theoretical error to the theoretical prediction for a particular experiment (either large- or small-scale), without having recourse to computationally intensive Monte Carlo or maximum likelihood methods.
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PAGE, SEAN, and JOHN KEADY. "Sharing stories: a meta-ethnographic analysis of 12 autobiographies written by people with dementia between 1989 and 2007." Ageing and Society 30, no. 3 (December 18, 2009): 511–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x09990365.
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ABSTRACTPeople with dementia are finding increasingly creative and diverse ways of making their voice heard in society and one such method is through the publication of autobiographical accounts. Following set inclusion criteria, this meta-ethnographic analysis compares and contrasts the contents of 12 books written by people with dementia and published between 1989 (the year of publication of the first text) and the end of 2007 (the selected cut-off point for inclusion). Of the 12 books, three authors were published twice, five were male, eight were from the United States of America, one was Australian and all nine had a professional background. Eight of the authors had Alzheimer's disease and one had fronto-temporal dementia. The average age of the narrator was 51.5 years (age range 38–61 years). Meta-ethnographic analysis of the 12 books inductively generated five themes that linked each story and these were: (a) awareness of change; (b) experiencing loss; (c) standing up and bearing witness; (d) sustaining continuity; and (e) liberation and death. The importance of reconstructing identity appeared a pivotal process in living with the onset and progression of dementia together with maintaining key social relationships and networks.
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Florio, Emilia. "The History of a Lemma from Archimedes to Newton." Mathematics 11, no. 3 (February 2, 2023): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11030747.
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In this work, we identify some traces of the history of Archimedes’ straight line, a lemma introduced by Archimedes within the solution of prop. II 4 of On the Sphere and Cylinder, in which it is asked to cut a sphere with a plane in order to obtain two spherical segments such that their ratio is equal to a given ratio. In the course of solving this proposition with the method of analysis, assuming given what is required, as specified in this method, Archimedes traces the path along which one goes in search of the final point, from which what is required comes, expressed in a lemma which in history is referred to as Archimedes’ straight line or the square problem. The Syracusan mathematician promised to later give a solution to the lemma, but he did not keep his promise. The lemma was taken up again by Eutocius of Ascalon towards the end of the Hellenistic period, it had considerable resonance among some Arab mathematicians, who traced a specific line of research around it, finally finding attention in the Latin tradition up to Newton within the first part of the history of the path of the analytic method.