Academic literature on the topic 'Customary marine resource management'

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Journal articles on the topic "Customary marine resource management"

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Campbell, Stuart J., Joshua E. Cinner, Rizya L. Ardiwijaya, Shinta Pardede, Tasrif Kartawijaya, Ahmad Mukmunin, Yudi Herdiana, Andrew S. Hoey, Morgan S. Pratchett, and Andrew H. Baird. "Avoiding conflicts and protecting coral reefs: customary management benefits marine habitats and fish biomass." Oryx 46, no. 4 (October 2012): 486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605312000348.

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AbstractOne of the major goals of coral reef conservation is to determine the most effective means of managing marine resources in regions where economic conditions often limit the options available. For example, no-take fishing areas can be impractical in regions where people rely heavily on reef fish for food. In this study we test whether coral reef health differed among areas with varying management practices and socio-economic conditions on Pulau Weh in the Indonesian province of Aceh. Our results show that gear restrictions, in particular prohibiting the use of nets, were successful in minimizing habitat degradation and maintaining fish biomass despite ongoing access to the fishery. Reef fish biomass and hard-coral cover were two- to eight-fold higher at sites where fishing nets were prohibited. The guiding principle of the local customary management system, Panglima Laot, is to reduce conflict among community members over access to marine resources. Consequently, conservation benefits in Aceh have arisen from a customary system that lacks a specific environmental ethic or the means for strong resource-based management. Panglima Laot includes many of the features of successful institutions, such as clearly defined membership rights and the opportunity for resource users to be involved in making, enforcing and changing the rules. Such mechanisms to reduce conflict are the key to the success of marine resource management, particularly in settings that lack resources for enforcement.
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Tjiptabudy, Jantje. "Legal Development of Coastal Marine Management Based on the Idea of Pancasila." Hasanuddin Law Review 4, no. 1 (May 22, 2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v4i1.1325.

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In relation to the positive law, the management of marine and coastal natural resources, there is also the rule of customary law. Customary law that still lives and develops in indigenous peoples also regulates the management system and utilization of natural resources in coastal and marine areas. Recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples is constitutionally contained in the 1945 Constitution of the State of the Republic of Indonesia where the state recognizes the existence of the Customary Law Community. In Maluku, marine potency management in general is still done traditionally known as marine customary rights that have been going on for generations but not yet fully recognized either by the government or entrepreneurs who are actually important partners in the development process.
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RUDDLE, K., E. HVIDING, and R. E. JOHANNES. "Marine Resources Management in the Context of Customary Tenure." Marine Resource Economics 7, no. 4 (December 1992): 249–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/mre.7.4.42629038.

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Timisela, Natelda R., Hellen Nanlohy, and Ignatia Dyahapsari. "MANAGEMENT OF SEA RESOURCES BASED ON LOCAL WISDOMS IN CONSERVATION OF ISLAND KEI IN MALUKU TENGGARA REGENCY." Coastal and Ocean Journal (COJ) 1, no. 2 (November 21, 2017): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/coj.1.2.113-126.

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The aim of research to determine the potential and use of marine resources, describe the values of local wisdom that have relevance to the management of marine resources, and describe forms of marine resource management. The research method used is survey method, by conducting in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The research location is located in Kei Island conservation area, Pulau-Pulau and the surrounding waters, Southeast Maluku Regency. Data were analyzed descriptively qualitative by describing all variables examined clearly and accurately. The results showed that the Kei Islands have incredible potential of the region, has the potential of fisheries and aquaculture is quite high and the fishery management area of strategic importance. The management of the area with the local wisdom approach of the community is carried out for generations, namely the culture of the sea and the culture of eating together. Local wisdom that is run so far strongly supports the determination of watershed conservation area. The forms of marine resource management in the conservation area is still governed by the rules verbally as is customary informal. The threat to the conservation of marine resources need to be aware through an integrated supervision sustainability of marine resources in order to remain protected, conservation and sustainable development. Keywords management, conservation area, local wisdom, community.
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Obie, Muhammad, and Lahaji. "Coastal and Marine Resource Policies and the Loss of Ethnic Identity of the Bajo Tribe." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 9, no. 3 (May 10, 2020): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2020-0050.

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The Bajo Tribe constructs themselves as part of their environment; their identity is bound to their relationship with coastal and marine resources. They lived and owned the coastal and marine resources in Tomini Bay since the 1800s; however, it shifted when the state set conservation and concession policies since the 1980s. This research analyzed the coastal and marine resource policies and its impact on the ethnic identity of the Bajo tribe. The researchers applied the historical sociology approach and collected data through observation, interviews, and documentation methods. The result showed that the state policies regarding coastal and marine resources, which followed by the resettlement program to the land, caused the customary institution of the Bajo Tribe removed from its cultural roots. Conservation policy resulted in the territorializing of coastal and marine areas. Meanwhile, the concession policy of forest management permit and cultivation right on land had caused damage in coastal and marine resources due to overexploitation. These policies cause the loss of ethnic identity of the Bajo Tribe due to closed access and destruction of coastal and marine resources.
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CLARKE, PEPE, and STACY D. JUPITER. "Law, custom and community-based natural resource management in Kubulau District (Fiji)." Environmental Conservation 37, no. 1 (March 2010): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000354.

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SUMMARYNational laws and institutions interact with local governance systems to encourage CBNRM in some cases while creating conflict in others. A case study of Kubulau District (Bua Province, Fiji) illustrates the challenges and successes of implementing traditional community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) within a pluralist legal and institutional context. In 2005, the communities of Kubulau established a network of protected areas, including 17 traditional closures (tabu), three no-take district marine reserves, a legally–declared forest reserve and a proposed forest reserve, managed under an integrated ‘ridge-to-reef’ plan. Marine and terrestrial areas in Kubulau illustrate synergies and discord between national laws and community management rules, and provide examples of management success and conflict. Key components influencing diverse management outcomes in Kubulau include (1) the legal status of customary resource tenure, (2) incorporation of local knowledge, traditions and priorities, (3) clearly articulated relationships between local decision-making processes and government regulation, and (4) perceived equity in distribution of management benefits. Legal and institutional reforms are proposed to improve management of natural resources in Fiji.
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Aswani, Shankar. "Socioecological Approaches for Combining Ecosystem-Based and Customary Management in Oceania." Journal of Marine Biology 2011 (2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/845385.

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This paper summarizes various integrated methodological approaches for studying Customary Management for the purpose of designing hybrid CM-Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) systems in Oceania. Using marine conservation in the Western Solomon Islands as an example, the paper illustrates various interdisciplinary human ecological methods that can assist in designing hybrid conservation programs. The study of human-environmental interactions from a socio-ecological perspective allows us to discern people's understanding of their immediate environment, differential forms of local resource governance and use (e.g., sea tenure and foraging strategies), and existing conflicts between various stakeholders, among other social and ecological factors. More generally, the paper shows how coupled studies of natural and social processes can foster management regimes that are more adaptive and effective and that move toward holistic, ecosystem-based marine conservation in the Pacific Island region.
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Tsiouvalas, Apostolos. "Mare Nullius or Mare Suum? Using Ethnography to Debate Rights to Marine Resources in Coastal Sámi Communities of Troms." Yearbook of Polar Law Online 11, no. 1 (April 3, 2020): 245–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116427_011010013.

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While legal progress on Indigenous land claims has recently been fostered around the globe, sea claims still lag behind. Since the beginning of colonization, the doctrine of mare nullius declared seas vacant of Indigenous tenure or authority and led to the establishment of sovereign State jurisdiction over offshore areas, and more recently to the characterization of the living resources in these waters as accessible for each State’s citizens. In Norway, colonialism was not characterized by transoceanic settlement. The concept of establishing sovereignty in offshore areas attached to the land, however, had the same basis as the European colonies in America or Oceania. In this context, the acknowledgement of the marine living resources in the waters attached to the land as common goods for all Norwegian citizens adversely affected the Coastal Sámi Indigenous peoples, who exclusively and since time immemorial managed the wild marine living resources based on customary systems of marine tenure. Additionally, due to increased regulations over the past few decades, it has become difficult for the Coastal Sámi to continue their traditional way of living. Still, legislation and recommendations on Indigenous participation in marine resource management exist and derive from both Norwegian and international law. However, despite the established legal framework, Coastal Sami participation in marine resource management is often questioned. It has been argued that the most appropriate way to ensure Indigenous inclusion in marine resource management is to look at the reverse side of the coin, exploring Indigenous tenure, legal traditions and knowledge, and accommodate them within State law. This project aims, through ethnographic fieldwork and literature analysis, to discuss the current status of Coastal Sámi fisheries in the communities of Troms County, and illustrate local conceptions of marine resource management among the project participants.
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Mesquita, Domingos, I. Wayan Suarna, and Wayan Windia. "STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA PESISIR DAN LAUT BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL DI KOTA ADMINISTRATIF ATAURO KOTA MADYA DILI TIMOR-LESTE." ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) 10, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejes.2016.v10.i02.p04.

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Coastal and marine resources today are degraded as a result of destructive use and short-term interests. People in the Town of Atauro have their own indigenous traditions of ancestors that are applied in the customary law, known by the locals as Tara Bandu (prohibitions). The objectives of this research are: 1) to find out the potential of coastal and marine resources as well as the extent of their utilization , 2) to determine the values of local wisdom of the coastal communities that have a relationship with the management of coastal and marine resources, 3) to determine the attitudes and behavior of the people as well as components related to management of coastal and marine resources, 4) to obtain management strategies of coastal and marine resources that is based on the local wisdom in the Town of Atauro. This study is a survey research using qualitative descriptive approach combined with SWOT analysis. Data were collected by field observations, interviews, and documentation. While the methods and techniques of data analysis used were qualitative descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis. The research results showed that the values of local wisdom that have a role in the management of coastal and marine resources are the tradition to install traps (bubur), local wisdom of Tara Bandu (prohibition), local wisdom in the Kampung Maquer to prohibit the capture of some types of slow-moving marine life, tradition of baku tasi and baku lai, the tradition of worshipping wooden statues and the Saint Peter’s festival. In the Village of Biqueli, there is a tradition of the prohibitions on smoking, chewing betel nut, and drinking alcoholic beverages in public places. SWOT analysis concluded that the management of coastal and marine resources in the Administrative Town of Atauro is in quadrant / conservative position, i.e. the position of improvement strategies. The strategies used in the management of coastal and marine resources are, a) preparing the regional spatial layout plan (RTRW) with the concept of one island management strategy so that the development programs do not have a negative impact on coastal and marine resources, b) preparing for annual action plans and allocating funds for the provision of facilities and infrastructure, c) human resource development through formal education, training profession, and comparative studies in the more developed areas, d) conducting a study of environmental impacts of coastal development, e) tradition to install traps and lubuk larangan/customary prohibition needs to be done to maintain the harmony of human relationships with the environment, f) giving education and extension programs for public awareness about the conservation of coastal and marine resources.
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Mustari, Tamar, Sulhan Manaf, and La Ode Abdul Munafi. "Pola Pemanfataan Sumberdaya Laut Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Pada Masyarakat Wabula, di Kabupaten Buton." Simulacra: Jurnal Sosiologi 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/sml.v2i1.5521.

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<em>The research describes the patten of utilization of marine resources based on local wisdom in the Wabula community in Buton district. The data were collected by doing interwiews, observation, documentation, and study of literature. Then the data were analyzed descriptively and kualitatively. The results showed that in utilizing marine resources, Wabula community have a local wisdom called kaombo which is protected marine areas by the custom. When a marine area is designated as a kaombo a ban om the explotation of marine resources in the area applies. The prohibition is intended to provide a respite for the continuation of the proliferation of marine biota in kaombo ecosystem. A violation of the prohibition is subject to strict customary law. To preserve the local wisdom of Wabula community in the utilization of marine resources, then through the regulation of Buton Regent Number 13 of 2018, Wabula was designated as an area Customary Law Community in the management of marine resources based om local customary law. The regulation is considered as an ideal model for strengthening local community institutions in conserving marine resources in a sustainable manner.</em>
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Customary marine resource management"

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Tungale, Rose. "Livelihoods and customary marine resource management under customary marine tenure : case studies in the Solomon Islands : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science in International Rural Development at Lincoln University /." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/861.

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In many ways, coastal marine resources have provided an important source of protein, income and even employment for coastal rural Solomon Islands communities. Fishing, for instance, has always played a very important role in these communities' culture and tradition. Subsistence fishing is traditional in most rural coastal communities. Small-scale fishing is also wide-spread. Traditionally marine areas and resources were managed by the custodians of the adjacent land and the traditional leaders in some local communities. While small-scale fisheries are managed by the Government, much of the enforcement responsibility is in the hands of the community leaders, given the realities of what that Government can provide. This research has explored the interaction between rural coastal livelihoods and marine resource management under Customary Marine Tenure (CMT) in one area of Temotu Province, Solomon Islands. Specifically the research seeks to explore, explain and describe how the livelihoods of the rural coastal villagers influence the use, access and management of marine resources and vice versa. Particular attention has been given to: first exploring the traditional marine resource management under CMT and livelihoods in the three villages; second, how the changes in the villagers' livelihoods system affects the customary marine resource management in the three case study villages; third, how changes in customary marine resource management influences the livelihoods of the villagers and finally the nature of the relationship between livelihoods and customary marine resource management is described for the first time for this part of the Solomon Islands. The research results showed that villagers' livelihoods have changed over the past decade and much of these changes have affected the customary marine resource management in the three case study villages. Consequently, customary marine resource management under CMT is no longer effective. The changes in customary marine resource also have implications on the villagers' livelihoods. For this reason the study argues that when trying to understand the factors affecting customary marine resource, the entire livelihoods system of the people should be considered. The study states that the nature of the interactions between livelihoods and customary marine resource management is a two-way relationship, dynamic and very complex. Should there be further marine resource development, the study suggests that understanding the livelihoods of the people concerned is important for better management.
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Murray, Jason Hastings. "Constrained marine resource management." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3274515.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed October 3, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-72).
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Kawharu, Merata. "Dimensions of kaitiakitanga : an investigation of a customary Maori principle of resource management." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264844.

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O'Leary, Bethan Christine. "Reconciling science and politics in marine resource management." Thesis, University of York, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2599/.

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Fishery resources are in principle renewable, but modern fisheries are typically characterised by excessive fishing effort, fleet overcapacity, illegal, unregulated and unreported (IUU) fishing along with deficient governance. This has led to growing trends of unsustainability. Fisheries management is a social and political process which aims to regulate human activities within the constraints of the biological ecosystem in which it operates. But the incorporation of sustainability into fishery practices around the world has to date generally failed. In this thesis I explore the relationship between science and politics in several different spheres of marine resource management. Analysis of the extent to which European politicians have adhered to scientific recommendations on annual total allowable catches (TACs) from 1987 to 2011 for 11 stocks revealed that in 68% of decisions TACs were set higher than recommendations. Politically-adjusted TACs averaged 33-37% above scientifically advised levels. A simple stochastic model indicated that such politically-driven decision-making dramatically reduces stock sustainability. With 88% of European fish stocks overexploited relative to maximum sustainable yield targets, I conclude that political mismanagement must bear a considerable share of the responsibility for this decline. Whilst the practice of political adjustment of scientific advice reveals the negative political impact on management and its failure to integrate science into management, the establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs) shows the relationship between science and politics in a more positive light. MPAs are increasingly being established to protect and rebuild coastal and marine ecosystems. However, the process of establishing these areas is not simple, particularly in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) where few MPAs currently exist. Nevertheless, in 2010 the OSPAR Commission successfully established six MPAs forming the world's first network of MPAs in ABNJ. I summarise how this network was created, identify the main challenges, and offer a series of key lessons learned, highlighting approaches that may also be effective for similar efforts in the future. This success story was driven by strong political commitment and based on the best available science, and serves as an example of the positive integration of science into management by politicians. The difficult relationship between science and politics is illustrated clearly by the story of the Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus). This species has become the quintessential example of overfishing and general mismanagement of the world’s fisheries. An age-structured spatial model of the two stocks of Atlantic bluefin tuna highlighted the importance of taking area and stock movement into consideration when determining total allowable catches for the Atlantic bluefin tuna fisheries. The western bluefin stock was found to be more sensitive to assumptions of stock movement and mixing than the eastern populations, corroborating previous research. My results also indicated that to maximise the total catches of bluefin in perpetuity, it may be better to cease fishing in the western Atlantic and to only target individuals in the eastern Atlantic. The estimated timeframes for recovery are found to be medium to long term if fishing were halted today (within 20 years for both stocks to attain their BMSY) and it is estimated that a 34% reduction in fishing mortality on both stocks is the minimum required decrease to ensure recovery. The aim of this model is to further research on the integration of science into a political management system in order to create a sustainable fishery. In this thesis I identify several important requirements for sustainable fisheries management, namely: the need for a sound scientific basis, stakeholder engagement and cooperation, and strong political commitment and willingness.
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Chapeskie, Andrew. "Laws of the land: Aboriginal customary law, state law and sustainable resource management in Canada's north." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6514.

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This thesis presents a comparative analysis of Aboriginal customary law and Canadian law in relation to the management and conservation of natural resources on crown lands. By reference to field research carried out with respect to a specific context of Aboriginal resource management, the thesis highlights the sophistication and distinctiveness of the customary Aboriginal regulation of community-based common property resource harvesting and management in both subsistence and commercial use contexts. This perspective reveals the conflictual tendencies between Aboriginal and State systems of the regulation of resource management where the former has been largely unrecognized by the latter. An analysis of the relevant jurisprudence highlights the ethocentric bias mitigating against the recognition and acceptance of Aboriginal resource management that has continued right up to the present time.
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Marchioni, Meredith Ann. "Attitudes towards the Marine Environment and Implications for Marine Resource Management in Seward, Alaska." FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/192.

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This research, conducted in 2006-2008, examines the ways in which various groups involved with the marine resources of Seward, Alaska construct attitudes towards the environment. Participant observation and semi-structured interviews are used to assess how commercial halibut fishers, tour boat operators, local residents and government officials understand the marine environment based on their previous experiences. This study also explores how ideologies relate to the current practices of each group. Two theories orient the analyses: The first, cultural modeling provided a theoretical and methodological framework for pursuing a more comprehensive analysis of resource management. The second, Theory of Reasoned Action (Ajzen and Fishbein 1980), guided the analysis of the ways in which each participant’s ideology towards the marine environment relates to their practice. Aside from contributing to a better understanding of a coastal community’s ideologies and practices, this dissertation sought to better understand the role of ecological ideologies and behaviors in fisheries management. The research illustrates certain domains where ideologies and practices concerning Pacific halibut and the marine environment differ among commercial fishers, government, and management officials, tour boat operators and residents of Seward, AK. These differences offer insights into how future collaborative efforts between government officials, managers and local marine resource users might better incorporate local ideology into management, and provide ecological information to local marine resource users in culturally appropriate ways.
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Van, Waveren E. J. "Land resource distribution under customary tenure in Swaziland : a geographic analysis with special attention to semi-arid land." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274679.

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This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the indigenous management of geographically diverse small-scale agricultural production environments in Africa by investigating the effects of customary land allocation on the use of the land and sustainable agricultural development in Swaziland. This study addresses two questions: (a) to what extent has the heterogeneity of the natural environment been considered in the allocation of land for agricultural purposes; and (b) what are the implications of the existing land allocation system and current land allocation pattern on the development and sustainability of agricultural land use. The study focuses on semi-arid land. The land allocation efficiency is determined by comparing the spatial heterogeneity of the land with the pattern of land allocation. The analysis is carried out at a sub-regional scale, and a local scale in twelve study areas. Changes over time are studied by comparing current land allocation patterns with those at Independence (1968). This study has identified two apparent weaknesses in the customary land management system. The frrst is in the capacity to ensure an efficient land resource distribution at a subregional level. The second is in the ability to ensure consistent land allocation practices at a local level. The study provides evidence that these shortcomings are now affecting the production environment and opportunities for development, and that changes in the tenure system are required. The study findings partly support a recent land po licy initiative proposing a gradual devolution in land management responsibilities to local level management systems, but also raise two major concerns. First, the land policy initiative does not address the shortcomings in sub-regional land management. Second, the inconsistent land distribution found at a local level does not support the notion that devolution will necessarily lead to more sustainable levels of land use within communities. In the wider debate on the agrarian transformation in Africa, this study adds to the body of knowledge in identifying specific shortcomings of indigenous management systems in land distribution, and their effects on sustainable agricultural development and land management. The study thus extends the more critical strand of thought on the role of local and indigenous land management systems in this process, and thus on the effectiveness of the devolution of resource management to community levels. The study also demonstrates that land sufficiency and quality are important issues in the process of sustainable intensification in small-scale land use systems, and question the wider applicability of the optimistic development model, which is primarily based on economic considerations. Lastly, the fmdings support the critical view on the applicability of the evolutionary theory of land rights in conditions similar to those in Swaziland. The fmdings of this study confIrm the importance of considering spatial scale and diversity in land use related studies, and show that any inference from one level of scale to another can be highly misleading.
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Sulu, Reuben John. "Multidisciplinary appraisal of the effectiveness of customary marine tenure for coral reef finfish fisheries management in Nggela (Solomon Islands)." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1327.

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The failure of centralised fisheries management systems to prevent the overexploitation of coral reef resources has led many scholars and conservation practitioners to promote the use of customary marine tenure (CMT) as an alternative devolved means of fisheries management. The effectiveness of CMT for fisheries management is debated; some scholars argue that CMT is embedded within particular historical, socio-economic and political contexts and that unless it evolves to changing circumstances, its effectiveness for fisheries management will wane under external influences and changing exploitation patterns. Each CMT regime is unique; hence its response to changing circumstances may vary. A better understanding of the circumstances under which a CMT regime is likely to succeed is important if it is to be effectively used for fisheries management. This research is posited on the DPSIR (Driver, Pressure, State, Impact, Response) model and employs multidisciplinary methods to investigate the effectiveness of CMT for reef finfish fisheries management. The aims of this thesis are: (1) To investigate the role of markets and subsistence as driving factors for fishing; (2) To investigate fisher spatial allocation of fishing, methods and target taxa (as proxies for pressure and impact); (3) contribute to the biological knowledge of a prominent vulnerable species (Plectropomus leopardus) by investigating aspects of its demography and reproduction (as a proxy for state); and (4) Investigate relationships between the Nggela CMT governance system and modern governance system (as a proxy for response), to improve understanding of how this knowledge may be applied to enhance small-scale fisheries management. The role of markets and subsistence as driving (D) factors for fishing was investigated using the sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA). Ninety three (43 from the western zone and 50 from the eastern zone) household surveys were conducted in 10 (5 from the eastern zone and 5 from the western zone) randomly selected villages in Nggela to determine the contribution of different livelihood activities to fisher livelihoods. The reason for comparing the eastern and western zone was to determine the role of available natural land capital as one contributing factor (besides markets) to fishing drivers. Quantitative data generated from the household surveys were analysed using the statistical package SPSS. Additional key informant interviews to generate qualitative data to support the quantitative data were also conducted. Spatial allocation of fishing and target taxa was investigated using household surveys (the same household survey mentioned above but with questions to address the issue of spatial allocation and fishing methods used), participative fishing with fishers to confirm spatial allocation of fishing and fishing methods employed and recording of landings data to determine the types of fish taxa targeted. One of the initial aims of studies on P. leopardus was to compare the age-based demographic parameters of P. leopardus between CMT areas and offshore sub-tidal areas, the hypothesis being that if CMT was effective agebased demographic parameters would reveal the non vulnerability of P. leopardus in CMT areas. Such a comparison was not possible as only 4 specimens were obtained from inshore CMT areas compared to 116 specimens from offshore sub-tidal reefs. To determine the age-based demographic parameters of Plectropomus leopardus, fish total lengths (mm) and otoliths of fish were collected in the field, this was followed by otolith annuli counts of ages (tagged to a particular fish of certain total length) at the laboratory. A von Bertalanffy growth curve was then fitted to the fish total length data and to the age data to determine asymptotic length, Brody growth coefficient and theoretical age at length zero. Total mortality rate was determined by generating catch curves where the frequency of fish in each age class was regressed against age. Longevity was determined by calculating the mean age of 10% of the oldest individuals. Demographic parameters of P. leopardus in Nggela were also compared to those of Australian locations to determine variations in age-based demography. Data analysis of P. leopardus data was done using the statistical software R and Microsoft Excel 2003. Reproductive aspects of P. leopardus were determined from the fish gonads collected from the field. Fish gonads were used to determine different sexual reproductive stages. Data on the different sexual reproductive stages was used to determine sexual maturity and sex change. The relationship between CMT governance and modern governance and how they may be combined for an effective reef finfish fisheries management was investigated using literature research, key informant interviews and dynamite fisher interviews. Investigations of livelihoods show that Nggela fishers were engaged in more than one livelihood activity for their livelihoods. Subsistence gardening was the most important livelihood activity. While finfish was important for subsistence purposes, accessible markets and the role of middlemen in the villages made it especially important for income generation. A comparison of the role of fishing between eastern and western zone showed that available natural land capital was also an important driver for fishing; fishing was higher in the western zone where there was a narrow natural land capital. Fisher perceptions indicate a declining trend in fisheries resource abundances within CMT areas; such decline has resulted in changes in the spatial allocation of fishing with a shift in fishing to offshore sub tidal reefs. Although some spatial closures were observed, fishing within the CMT areas is flexible. Three MPA’s currently existed in West Nggela and fishing prohibitions within the areas were observed mainly because people thought that the MPA’s were underscored by the government. Line fishing from dugout canoes remains the main method of fishing. Median trophic level of fish catch was between 2 - 3.84 while median standard length of catch was between 19 - 24 cm. Age-based demographic studies show that the Brody growth coefficient of Nggela P. leopardus was 0.13 yr-1, longevity was 12.9 years, maximum age was 15 years and mortality rate was 0.22% yr-1. Female sexual maturity of Nggela P. leopardus began at 2 years of age with 50% sexual maturity achieved at 3.22 years. Sexual transition from female to male began at 3 - 10 years of age with 50% sex change achieved at 11 years. Mature female to male ratio was 3:1. The age-based demographic parameters of P. leopardus in Nggela were similar to those in Swain and Lizard Island in Australia. For Swain reef, growth coefficient was 0.17 yr-1, longevity was 10.1 years, maximum age was 14 years and mortality rate was 0.39% yr-1. For Lizard Island, growth coefficient was 0.26 yr-1, longevity was 7.2 years, maximum age was 10 years and mortality rate was 0.59% yr-1. Age-based demographic parameters of P. leopardus in Nggela were different to locations in Western Australia – Scott and Abrolhos reefs. For Scott reef, growth coefficient was 0.42 yr-1, longevity was 6.4 years, mortality rate was 0.30% yr-1 while the maximum age was 8 years. For Abrohlos reef growth coefficient was 0.08 yr-1, longevity was 13 years, mortality rate was 0.24% yr-1 and maximum age was 18 years. Sea temperature may be one contributing factor to regional variations in age-based demographic parameters. The current CMT governance system has undergone changes which has rendered it ineffective as a coercive force for reef finfish fisheries management. While CMT is recognised by the modern governance system through National legislations, necessary ordinances at the provincial level are absent which prevent the effective use of CMT for fisheries management. For CMT to be effective it requires empowerment at the provincial government level.
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Mokoena, Karabo. "Decentralisation of water resource management : a comparative review of catchment management authorities in South Africa and Victoria, Australia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19783.

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By the adoption of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM), South Africa has significantly changed its water management regime and the institutions governing water in this country. These changes were first introduced by the National White Policy Paper on Water in South Africa in 1997 and subsequently the National Water Act in 1998. One of the key components of IWRM is the decentralisation of water management to a regional or catchment level and the introduction of public participation in the water management sector. With the enactment of the NWA South Africa incorporated IWRM in its legal system and a decade on, authorities are now turning to its implementation. The NWA introduces Catchment Management Agencies (CMAs) in water management and gives them authority over water management at a catchment level. Initially there were nineteen (19) and this number has since been reduced to nine (9) due to a number of factors. South African authorities are now seeking ways in which they can effectively decentralise water to a catchment level, including delegating and assigning some of the functions currently held by the Minster to CMAs. Using Victoria, Australia as a comparative study, this study investigates how water management can best be decentralised to a catchment level; it starts off by investigating the theory of decentralisation and its pros and cons; then sets off to investigate water management has been decentralised in Australia from the national level, to state level and catchment level; it then investigates the role of Rural Water Authorities in Victoria and compares them to Catchment Management Agencies in South Africa. Finally the work highlights the water management regime and the various stakeholders in water management South Africa from a national level to a catchment level and the challenges facing South Africa in term of WRM; and then makes recommendations and a conclusion based on its research findings and the South African socio-economic and political context.
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Palacio, Monalisa. "The role of biodiversity databases in coastal conservation and resource management." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/459.

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Marine environmental resource managers and consultants require comprehensive, accurate and current data on the status of marine biodiversity in order to fully evaluate resource consent applications that involve development, impact or encroachment within the marine environment, and for identifying areas of coast appropriate for conservation. The role and efficacy of existing global, national and regional marine biodiversity databases in delivering these types of data are evaluated. Consultation with environmental consultants revealed that none regularly, if ever used any existing marine biodiversity database during their routine consulting activities. Moreover, no existing biodiversity database had appropriate data-mining tools, although each was determined to provide information of value to resource managers and environmental consultants operating at national and regional scales; none was deemed to provide the sort of information required to manage marine resources at a local scale. To achieve the objectives of this research programme, resource managers, data users and data compilers were consulted to determine their ideal data and database requirements. Existing biodiversity data sets that included New Zealand marine biodiversity then were searched or procured, and these data and that of a novel data set of species occurring at 296 intertidal and 25 fringe-saline (effectively freshwater) sites within and proximal to the Hauraki Gulf Marine Park (from Mimiwhangata Bay in the north to Tauranga Harbour in the south) were compared with species inventories from environmental consultants operating in this region. Biodiversity data from the 296 saline, comprising presence/absence data for 713 taxa recorded from the survey region were analysed in detail. Significantly different species assemblages were identified amongst these 296 sites, five intertidal habitats being recognised, each with characteristic species assemblages: marine-hard shores, marine-soft shores, brackish-hard shores, brackish-soft shores, and mangrove shores. Species richness and diversity were consistently higher in marine habitats, and greatest on hard substrata. Most sites host unique assemblages of species. A novel index of species richness is proposed, and although the spatial distribution of richness isn’t particularly revealing, as obvious patterns in the distribution of richness are not apparent, this index has value in that the richness of any shore can be compared and contrasted with that of others throughout the region. Augmenting this richness index is a novel index of species rarity. Based on the frequency of occurrence of taxa on shores throughout the survey region, very rare through to ubiquitous taxa are recognised to routinely occur on almost all shores, regardless of the total species richness. Moreover, very rare to uncommon taxa often comprise a disproportionately high percentage of the total species occurring on any given intertidal shore, in any habitat. Accordingly, alarm bells should ring for reviewers of resource consent applications wherein environmental consultants state that an area subject to development ‘hosts no rare, unique or otherwise remarkable species or ecology.’ Two applications of these novel biodiversity data are demonstrated: the relationship between species richness and regional council consented activities is described, with a negative correlation reported for the intensity of disturbance (using the number of consented activities as a proxy for disturbance) and species richness on marine hard shores; and an appraisal of four selection criteria for marine reserves (naturalness, representativeness, uniqueness and complementarities), wherein the intertidal fauna and flora of no existing or proposed marine reserve appears to be natural, unique or representative, and effort seems to have been spent duplicating certain assemblages of species in reserve networks. The former is intuitively obvious, but the latter is alarming, and the ramifications of it far reaching in terms of conservation of the marine environment. Protocols for conducting biodiversity surveys must be established and implemented to elevate the standards of environmental consultants, resulting value judgements on the composition of species, and the likely and actual effects of these developments on the marine environment to ensure that statements made in reports are based on current data rather than perceptions and client expectations. It is possible that resource consents have been issued based on spurious appraisals of the immediate and cumulative effect of discharge on the environment, or of the relative rarity (or appreciation of this) of species that occur within it. Prior to development of the novel Monalisa data set, no existing database or data set existed that provided the information routinely required by managers and consultants to make informed judgements that affect coastal development throughout the survey region. Recommendations for additional research to build on findings detailed herein are made.
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Books on the topic "Customary marine resource management"

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Workshop on Customary Tenure, Traditional Resource Management, and Nature Conservation (1988 Noumea, New Caledonia). Report of the Workshop on Customary Tenure, Traditional Resource Management, and Nature Conservation, Noumea, New Caledonia, 28 March-1 April 1988. Noumea, New Caledonia: South Pacific Commission, 1989.

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Toscano, Maria P. Ecosystem assessment for marine resource management. Edited by United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science, 2011.

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Shipboard bridge resource management. Eastport, Me: Nor'easter Press, 2006.

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Zlateva, Ivelina, Violin Raykov, and Nikola Nikolov. Progressive engineering practices in marine resource management. Hershey PA: Engineering Science Reference, an imprint of IGI Global, 2015.

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Khatun, Fahmida Akter. Fisheries subsidies and marine resource management: Lessons from Bangladesh. Geneva: United Nations Environment Programme, 2004.

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Barasa, Wangila, and Degen A. Allan 1946-, eds. Artisanal fishers on the Kenyan coast: Household livelihoods and marine resource management. Leiden: Brill, 2009.

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Hoorweg, Jan. Artisanal fishers on the Kenyan coast: Household livelihoods and marine resource management. Leiden: Brill, 2009.

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Hoorweg, Jan. Artisanal fishers on the Kenyan coast: Household livelihoods and marine resource management. Leiden: Brill, 2009.

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Hoorweg, Jan. Artisanal fishers on the Kenyan coast: Household livelihoods and marine resource management. Leiden: Brill, 2009.

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Human resources and crew resource management: Marine navigation and safety of sea transportation. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Customary marine resource management"

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Burroughs, Richard. "Marine Resource Management." In Coastal and Marine Environments, 221–28. Second edition. | Boca Raton: CRC Press, [2020] | Revised edition of: Encyclopedia of natural resources. [2014].: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429441004-25.

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Pullen, S. "Marine Conservation and Resource Management." In The GeoJournal Library, 199–214. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2780-2_11.

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Terrell, Bruce G. "Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Shipwreck Trail: A Model for Multiple-Use Resource Management." In Submerged Cultural Resource Management, 151–63. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0069-8_13.

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Vrana, Kenneth J., and Gail A. Vander Stoep. "The Maritime Cultural Landscape of the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve." In Submerged Cultural Resource Management, 17–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0069-8_3.

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Davidsdottir, Brynhildur. "Management of the Commons: Social Behavior and Resource Extraction." In Dynamic Modeling for Marine Conservation, 356–75. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0057-1_16.

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Rais, Mohammad. "Geographic Information Systems for Integrated Coastal Resource Management." In Modelling and Monitoring of Coastal Marine Processes, 218–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8327-3_14.

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Fairfull, S. J., and R. J. Williams. "Community involvement in natural resource management: lessons for future water management in coastal catchments of New South Wales." In Conserving Marine Environments, 55–61. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2003.007.

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Kakuma, Shinichiro, and Jokim Kitolelei. "Coastal Resource Management Connected by Marine Protected Area Networks." In Ecological Research Monographs, 267–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2327-0_15.

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Snook, Jamie, Ashlee Cunsolo, and Robyn Morris. "A Half Century in the Making: Governing Commercial Fisheries Through Indigenous Marine Co-management and the Torngat Joint Fisheries Board." In Arctic Marine Resource Governance and Development, 53–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67365-3_4.

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Meyer, Ryan, Erin Meyer, Leila Sievanen, and Amy Freitag. "Using citizen science to inform ocean and coastal resource management." In Citizen Science for Coastal and Marine Conservation, 132–52. Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Earthscan oceans: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315638966-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Customary marine resource management"

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Wahyu Ananingsih, Sri. "Management of Customary Marine Rights in Regional Autonomy Era in Kei Islands." In International Conference on Ethics in Governance (ICONEG 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iconeg-16.2017.28.

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Neal, V. "Issues in marine resource management education." In OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment. IEEE, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.1985.1160135.

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Page, T. "Science and policy in marine resource management." In OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment. IEEE, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.1985.1160191.

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Mengling, Pan, Zhang Yunhua, and Sheng Yongxiang. "Resource Allocation Orientation of Shipping and Marine Engineering Equipment Manufacturing Industry." In Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Economic Management and Cultural Industry (ICEMCI 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.191217.034.

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Garay, G. A. G. "Cocktail for an Incident: Poor Understanding of Human Factors Concepts, Lack of Situational Awareness and Poor Crew Resource Management (CRM) Skills." In Learning from Marine Incidents 3. RINA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.mi.2006.03.

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Candrakirana, Rosita, and Tri Hayati. "Decentralization of Marine Resource Management by Local Government for Realization of Indonesian People Prosperity." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Environmental Governance, ICONEG 2019, 25-26 October 2019, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.25-10-2019.2300493.

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Yang, Zhaoqing, Tarang Khangaonkar, Jared Chase, and Taiping Wang. "Puget Sound Operational Forecast System-A Real-Time Predictive Tool for Marine Resource Management and Emergency Responses." In 11th International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41121(388)22.

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Wörösch, Michael. "Structuring Requirements in a Multi-Project Environment in the Construction Industry: A Life Cycle Perspective." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70860.

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Being in control of requirements in building projects is vital, since it helps securing the often small profit margins and the reputation of the responsible company. Hence this research aims to introduce requirements management to the construction industry. By means of case study and action research conducted at a Danish construction syndicate producing sandwich elements made from High Performance Concrete and insulation materials it is demonstrated that requirements management successfully can be used in construction. Since requirements management as of today has not found its use in this industry, yet, success is here defined as an accomplished and accepted implementation of requirements management processes that are used by the relevant project members in their daily work and where the benefits of implementing requirements management outweighs the cost of invested resources. Furthermore it is argued that when running technology development, product development, product platform development, and a portfolio of building projects at the same time the use of requirements management is advantageous and an intelligent way of structuring requirements is needed. This article also demonstrates that the application of requirements management with gain can be extended to cover entire life cycles as e.g. the life cycle of a building. This is done by proposing a requirements structure that attempts to consider future events. The proposed structure is divided into the areas: company, technology, product platform, and building and covers all encountered types of requirements, e.g. functional (defines what a system is supposed to do), non-functional (defines how a system is supposed to be), technical, organizational, and even personal requirements. As a result the conducted research clearly shows that requirements management can be applied to the construction industry. At the same time it also becomes obvious that it is necessary to open doors to further research looking into not only using requirements databases & processes especially designed for the construction industry but also the training of key personnel in requirements management, and how the introduction of requirements management can impact the construction industry and their customers in the long run.
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Maharya Ardyantara, David. "The Harmonization of Maritime Law (UU No. 32 of 2014) for Indonesia’s Sovereignty in Marine Resource Management Facing UN Policy about Area beyond National Jurisdiction." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Indonesian Legal Studies (ICILS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icils-19.2019.36.

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Chien, Lien-Kwei, Chi-Wen Huang, Wei-Po Huang, Cheng-Yu Ku, and Chih-Hsin Chang. "Application of Nearshore Risk Assessment of Hazard and Vulnerability in Marine Resource Area for National Spatial Planning." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96706.

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Abstract Taiwan is surrounded by sea. Thus, with the rapid growth of population, the coastal area can be considered for development in the future to satisfy the needs of the population. Moreover, the marine areas and nearshore areas of Taiwan can be developed and used. Therefore, there is a high concern pertaining to the management and use of marine areas and nearshore areas. The “Coastal Management Law” was announced and implemented in Taiwan on February 4, 2015 and defines the coastal areas in Taiwan. On January 6, 2016, the “National Land Planning Law” was announced, and the national spatial land was divided into four functional zones. This study aimed to designate the marine resource zones. The Ministry of the Interior (Taiwan) announced the national spatial plan on April 30, 2018 and proposed the conditions for the allocation of the marine resource zones. However, the conditions only considered the exclusivity or compatibility of the legal use of the marine areas. Therefore, the results of this study provide details pertaining to the risk level of nearshore areas. In the future, these results could be used as the foundation for the selection of marine resource zones and could be used to propose new plans for the selection conditions of the marine resource zones. The findings of this study can provide the central government agency with a reference for the planning and management of national spatial land.
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Reports on the topic "Customary marine resource management"

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Koester, F., and Jan Dierking. BONUS XWEBS policy brief No. 4.: Use and usefulness of food web knowledge in resource management and marine environmental conservation. EU BONUS project XWEBS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/xwebs_policy_brief_4.

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