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Books on the topic 'Customary actors'

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Published: 10 May 2023

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1

Working behind the scenes: State actors and judicial processes in the houses of chiefs in Ghana. Legon [Ghana]: University of Ghana, 2008.

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2

Ethiopia) National Conference on Law and Development (1st 2013 Addis Ababa. Proceedings of the National Conference on Law and Development: Legal pluralism, traditional justice systems and the role of legal actors in Ethiopia : Addis Ababa, 15-17, November 2012. Edited by Seble G/Giorgis, Selam Abraham, Tewodros Dawit, Muradu Abdo, Stebek Elias N, and Justice and Legal System Research Institute (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia). Addis Ababa: Justice and Legal Systems Research Institute (JLSRI), 2013.

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3

Brems, Eva, Giselle Corradi, and Martien Schotsmans. International actors and traditional justice in Sub-Saharan Africa: Policies and interventions in transitional justice and justice sector aid. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Intersentia, 2015.

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4

Customer-focused marketing: Actions for delivering greater internal and external customer satisfaction. London: McGraw-Hill, 1993.

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5

Kötter, Matthias. Non-state justice institutions and the law: Decision-making at the interface of tradition, religion and the state. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK ; New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.

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6

G, Woodside Arch, ed. Evaluating marketing actions and outcomes. Amsterdam: Elsevier/JAI, 2003.

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7

Back-to-basics selling: Responsive actions that show customers you care about their business. Salem, NH: ELI Press, 1993.

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8

Witthohn, Hauke. Gewohnheitsrecht als Eingriffsermächtigung. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 1997.

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9

Badjaga, Boubacar. L'action juridictionnelle judiciaire au Mali: Une institution au service des droits humains. Lille: ANRT, Atelier national de reproduction des thèses, 2010.

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10

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service, ed. Telecommunications specialized customer premises equipment for the disabled: Federal actions affecting its provision. Washington, D.C: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1985.

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11

P, Schacht Steven, and Underwood Lisa, eds. The drag queen anthology: The absolutely fabulous but flawless customary world of female impersonators. New York: Harrington Park Press, 2003.

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12

Muttenzer, Frank. Déforestation et droit coutumier à Madagascar: Les perceptions des acteurs de la gestion communautaire des forêts. Paris: Karthala, 2010.

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13

Hartline, Michael D. Service quality implementation: The effects of organizational socialization and managerial actions on customer-contact employee behaviors. Cambridge, Mass: Marketing Science Institute, 1993.

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14

Hartline, Michael D. Service quality implementation: The effects of organizational socialization and managerial actions on customer-contact employee behaviors. Cambridge, Mass: Marketing Science Institute, 1993.

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15

Office, General Accounting. Social security: Actions and plans to reduce agency staff : briefing report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1986.

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16

United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on the Constitution. ACCESS (ADA Compliance for Customer Entry to Stores and Services) Act: Hearing before the Subcommittee on the Constitution of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, second session, on H.R. 3356, June 27, 2012. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2012.

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17

Cevelev, Aleksandr. Strategic development of railway transport logistics. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1194747.

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The monograph is devoted to the methodology of material and technical support of railway transport. According to the types of activities, the nature of the material and technical resources used, technologies, means and management systems, Russian railways belong to the category of high-tech industries that must have high quality and technical level, reliability and technological efficiency in operation. For this reason, the logistics system itself, both in structure and in the algorithm of the functions performed as a whole, needs a serious improvement in the quality of its work. The economic situation in Russia requires a revision of the principles and mechanisms of management based on the corporate model of supply chain management, focused on logistics knowledge. In the difficult economic conditions of the current decade, it is necessary to improve the quality of the supply organization of enterprises and structural divisions of railway transport, directly related to the implementation of the process approach, the advantage of which is a more detailed regulation of management actions and their mutual coordination. In order to increase the efficiency of its activities and develop the management system, Russian Railways is developing a lean production system aimed at further expanding the implementation of the principles of customer orientation, ideology and corporate culture. At the present time, the solution of many issues is impossible without a cybernetic approach to the formulation of problems of material and technical support and logistics analysis of information technologies, to the implementation of the developed algorithms and models of development strategies and concepts for improving the business processes of the production system. The management strategy, or the general plan for the implementation of activities for the management of material resources, is based on a fundamental assessment of the alignment and correlation of forces and factors operating in the economic and political field, taking into account the impact on the specific form of the management strategy. The materials will be useful to the heads and specialists of the directorates of the MTO, CDZs and can be used in the scientific research of bachelors, masters and postgraduates interested in the economics of railway transport and supply logistics.
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18

D'Aspremont, Jean, and Sufyan Droubi. International Organisations, Non-State Actors and the Formation of Customary International Law. Manchester University Press, 2020.

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19

D'Aspremont, Jean, and Sufyan Droubi. International Organisations, Non-State Actors and the Formation of Customary International Law. Manchester University Press, 2020.

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20

D'Aspremont, Jean, and Sufyan Droubi. International Organisations, Non-State Actors and the Formation of Customary International Law. Manchester University Press, 2020.

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21

Droubi, Sufyan, and Jean d'Aspremont, eds. International organisations, non-State actors, and the formation of customary international law. Manchester University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7765/9781526134165.

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22

Mevorach, Irit. Modified Universalism as Customary International Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782896.003.0003.

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This chapter considers how modified universalism may be elevated from a broad approach to a recognized, international legal source that can be invoked and applied in a more concrete and consistent manner across legal systems in circumstances of international insolvencies. It draws from sources of international law and, specifically, the concept of customary international law (CIL). CIL is a key legal source that fills gaps in international treaties, influences treaty regimes, and regulates in areas not covered by treaties or by other instruments or regarding countries that are not parties to a treaty or to another regime. CIL is also useful as a debiasing mechanism because its application does not require active action by all participants. The chapter suggests how modified universalism can transform into CIL. It also highlights the prominent international role of private international law and, thus, the role of actors and participants in international insolvencies as creators and guardians of international law.
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23

Trapp, Kimberley. Can Non-State Actors Mount an Armed Attack? Edited by Marc Weller. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199673049.003.0031.

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Article 2(4) of the UN Charter prohibits the use of force between States. In so doing, it addresses itself to a strictly interstate context and does not speak to the phenomenon of uses of force by non-state actors (NSAs). The question examined in this chapter is whether the exception to that prohibition—the right to use force in self-defence—is nevertheless responsive to the war-making capacity of NSAs. Otherwise put, is the definition of ‘armed attack’ in Article 51 of the UN Charter (and related customary international law) conditioned on the attacker being a state? In exploring this question, the chapter considers whether attribution is a necessary condition (in ratione personae terms) for the applicability of Article 51 by assessing the language of the Charter (including its travaux préparatoires), jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice, and state practice.
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24

Droubi, Sufyan, and Iain Scobbie. Perspectives on Non-State Actors and the Formation of Customary International Law: Love in a Damp Climate. Manchester University Press, 2020.

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25

Michael, Byers. Part 3 The Post 9/11-Era (2001–), 48 The Intervention in Afghanistan—2001–. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198784357.003.0048.

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This chapter addresses the US and NATO-led intervention in Afghanistan from 2001 to the present day. It examines the different legal justifications advanced or available for the intervention, namely self-defence, UN Security Council authorization, and intervention by invitation. It explores the complex relationships between these justifications and, particularly, the strategies adopted by states in choosing between them. The chapter concludes by considering the effects of the intervention on the customary international law of self-defence as it concerns non-state actors located in “unaware or unable” states, and anticipatory or pre-emptive responses.
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26

When Customers Think We Don't Care: Ending actions that self-destruct companies, customer service and Jobs. McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing, 2010.

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27

Mevorach, Irit. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782896.003.0007.

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This chapter provides a summary and concluding remarks regarding the future of cross-border insolvency. It argues based on the analysis in the previous chapters that a regime that fits current market conditions and increases global and local welfare is within reach, and is founded on the emerging norms of modified universalism. Persisting territorial inclinations should not cast a shadow over the desirability of modified universalism. Rather than yielding to territorialist inclinations, international actors should strengthen modified universalism by attempting to close gaps in the system to reflect agreed norms and by working to overcome negative biases in favour of positive ones. Modified universalism can crystallize into binding law in the form of customary international law (CIL), which can close gaps and overcome biases. The system can further foster compliance with the norms through a range of measures. While cross-border insolvency is already governed by proper instruments, certain gaps remain. It is suggested that there is room for additional work on the instruments and generally on strengthening the cross-border insolvency system. Future reform should continue to be multifaceted, with different roles assigned to different actors.
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28

Toivonen, Marja. Service Innovation: Novel Ways of Creating Value in Actor Systems. Springer, 2018.

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29

Toivonen, Marja. Service Innovation: Novel Ways of Creating Value in Actor Systems. Springer Japan, 2016.

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30

Toivonen, Marja. Service Innovation: Novel Ways of Creating Value in Actor Systems. Springer London, Limited, 2016.

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31

Nolte, Georg. The International Law Commission and Community Interests. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825210.003.0007.

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The chapter looks at community interests from the perspective of the International Law Commission. It examines both secondary and primary rules of international law, as they have been articulated by the Commission, and their relevance for the recognition and implementation of community interests. The picture which emerges, however, fits the narrative of “from self-interest to community interest” only to a certain extent. Whereas the Commission has indeed recognized, or developed, certain primary rules which more fully articulate community interests, it has been reluctant to reformulate secondary rules, with the exception of jus cogens. The Commission has more recently rather insisted that the traditional state-consent-oriented secondary rules concerning the formation of customary international law and regarding the interpretation of treaties continue to be valid in the face of other actors and forms of action which push toward the recognition of more and thicker community interests.
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32

Rocca, Antonella La. Customer-Supplier Relationships in B2B: An Interaction Perspective on Actors in Business Networks. Springer International Publishing AG, 2021.

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33

Rocca, Antonella La. Customer-Supplier Relationships in B2B: An Interaction Perspective on Actors in Business Networks. Palgrave Macmillan, 2020.

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34

Direct Student Loan Program: Management Actions Could Enhance Customer Service. Diane Pub Co, 2004.

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35

Laurence Boisson, de Chazournes, and Gadkowski Andrzej. 4 Legal Acts, 4.3 Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua ( Nicaragua v United States of America ), Merits, Judgment, [1986] ICJ Rep 14. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198743620.003.0021.

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International organizations can contribute to the formation of international law as can be seen from the Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua case. The legal nature and effects of acts of international organizations, in relation to the principles of non-intervention and the non-use of force, are discussed having reference to the resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly, of the Organization of American States, and to the Helsinki Final Act. The impact and effect of unilateral acts of international organizations are analyzed in a wide context—that of international law-making and the sources of international law. Focus is put on the twofold relationship between acts of international organizations and customary international law, that is as evidence of customary law and with respect to its impact on its creation. Remarks are also made on the role of these acts in treaty interpretation.
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36

Richard W., Ph.D. Buchanan. The Enemy Within: Actions That Self-Destruct Companies, Customer Service and Jobs. Mcgraw-Hill, 1996.

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37

Garber, Peter R. Learning Points: 100 Activities and Actions for Customer Service Excellence (Learning Points). HRD Press, Inc., 2004.

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38

The Enemy Within: Actions That Self-Destruct Companies, Customer Service and Jobs. Mcgraw-Hill, 1996.

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39

Rowe, David M. Economic Sanctions and International Security. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.160.

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Economic sanctions are a versatile instrument of statecraft used by states to try to influence the behavior of foreign actors by threatening or restricting customary cross-border trade or financial flows to an intended target. Examples of economic sanctions are retaliatory tariffs imposed in trade disputes and the complete cessation of economic flows aimed at undermining a certain regime. The importance of economic sanctions to policy makers has spawned a substantial amount of scholarly work dominated by two questions: whether sanctions “work” and whether states should use them. The long-running scholarly debate about whether sanctions work is essentially a dispute over how to classify cases. However, comparing cases of success and failure is problematic, in part because the very notion of what constitutes the successful use of sanctions is not clear and policy makers rarely seek to influence a single target or pursue a single policy goal when using sanctions. One of the most promising developments in the literature has been the increasing use of game theory to analyze sanctions, but this approach does not adequately determine the appropriateness of sanctions as a policy instrument. Sanctions research should focus instead on the basic strategic dynamics of the sanctions episode in order to identify those factors that contribute most strongly to the effective use of sanctions and to enable policy makers to understand more about the consequences of using sanctions as an instrument of statecraft.
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40

Garber, Peter R. Learning Points: 100 Activities and Actions for E-Communications Excellence. HRD Press, Inc., 2004.

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41

The Customer is About to Revolt!: 5 Key Actions to Quell an Uprising. 1st Books Library, 2002.

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42

Mainey, Jerry A. The Customer is About to Revolt!: 5 Key Actions to Quell an Uprising. 1st Books Library, 2002.

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43

Castillo, Daniel. Creating a Market Bureaucracy: The Case of a Railway Market. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815761.003.0003.

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The EU expects European governments to abolish their old state railway monopolies and establish a market, with private companies competing for customers. We analyse the long process through which the Swedish state constructed a market for railway traffic in Sweden, by shaping such market elements as market actors; supply and demand; and the process of exchange, competition, and products. We identify extensive attempts at constructing and shaping market actors and organizing markets connected to the train transport market, such as the markets for maintenance and vehicles. The resulting market is similar to an elaborate bureaucracy, with a great number of organizational elements in the form of rules, hierarchy, membership, monitoring, and sanctions, in which the degree of organization is probably greater than in the former state monopoly firm.
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44

Woodside, Arch G. Evaluating Marketing Actions and Outcomes, Volume 12 (Advances in Business Marketing and Purchasing). JAI Press, 2003.

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45

Garber, Peter R. Learning Points: 80 Activities and Actions for Call Center Excellence (Learning Points). HRD Press, Inc., 2004.

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46

Jeswald W, Salacuse. 16 The Consequences of Treaty Violations. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198703976.003.0016.

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This chapter examines the consequences of treaty violations for states and the remedies available to an investment when a host state fails to provide the treatment it has promised. It first considers the fact that most investment treaties do not specifically state the consequences of a state’s breach of treaty provisions. However, on issues not specifically covered by treaty, all investment treaties authorize tribunals to apply customary international law in making decisions, including determining compensation for investments affected by the breach of treaty provisions. The chapter then discusses the application of customary international law on state responsibility and investment treaty remedies in general, citing the Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts and the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties in particular. Finally there is a discussion of valuation techniques used to determine the amount of damages.due to injured investors.
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47

Nick, Gallus. 2 Temporal Jurisdiction over Acts Outside the Period that the Obligation Allegedly Breached is in Force. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198791676.003.0002.

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This chapter considers what powers tribunals have over acts before the entry into force of the obligation that is alleged to be breached. While few states have expressly addressed this issue when conferring jurisdiction on a tribunal, the chapter explains that tribunals have broadly agreed that general principles of law, and possibly customary international law, prevent them from finding a breach of an obligation through an act before the obligation entered into force unless they have been directed otherwise.
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48

Jeswald W, Salacuse. 4 A History of International Investment Treaties. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198703976.003.0004.

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Since the inception of international investment, foreign investors have sought assurances from the sovereigns in whose territory they invest that their interests will be protected from negative actions by the sovereign and local individuals. This chapter begins with a historical background of the treatification process, which came about due to the perceived weaknesses of customary international law applying to foreign investments. It then discusses the objectives of the movement to negotiate investment treaties; the primary and secondary objectives of investment treaties; long-term goals of investment treaties; the treaty negotiation process; and the consequences of investment treaties, including the growth in investor–state arbitration cases to settle investment disputes.
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49

Publishing, Madgav. Actor Client Data Log Book: 6 X 9 Professional Thespian Actress or Actor Tracking Address and Appointment Book with a to Z Alphabetic Tabs to Record Personal Customer Information. Independently Published, 2020.

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50

Fitzmaurice, Malgosia. The History of Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice. Edited by Samantha Besson and Jean d’Aspremont. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198745365.003.0009.

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This chapter analyses the history of Article 38 of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) Statute. It also seeks to reflect on the Article’s current status. The main focus of this chapter is to look at sources of international law through the prism of their historical development, including potential ‘new’ sources (acts of international organizations, unilateral acts of States, soft law) which have emerged long after the twelve ‘wise men’ of the Advisory Committee of Jurists had completed their task of drafting Article 38. The chapter also deals with the ‘classical’ sources of international law, such as customary international law and general principles of law. It takes into account how various courts and tribunals approach these sources.
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