Academic literature on the topic 'Customary actors'
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Journal articles on the topic "Customary actors"
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Kugbega, Selorm Kobla. "State-Customary Interactions and Agrarian Change in Ghana. The Case of Nkoranza Traditional Area." Land 9, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9110458.
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While agrarian change has been a recurrent theme in Ghana’s endeavor for economic development, questions on how land resources should be managed to ensure prompt attainment of economic growth remain unanswered. In Ghana, land is controlled by customary actors, while the state is the custodian of agricultural policies. The need for interaction between the two actors to ensure that the envisioned economic gains from agriculture are attained is paramount. This paper asks questions on how land tenure issues are conceptualized in relation to agricultural policies and the interactions between state and customary actors on land management for agricultural development. The paper uses qualitative research methods comprising 17 key informant interviews and document analysis. Concepts of modernized property rights, ideal and new customary tenure served as the theoretical lens for analysis. The findings indicated that state actors vilify customary tenure by considering it inimical to economic development and requiring it to be replaced. Furthermore, new characteristics of commodification, privatization and professionalization within the new customary system are different from the ideal type customary tenure. The paper argues that a new customary tenure taking shape in the Nkoranza traditional area can be harnessed to bring together two seemingly opposing views on tenure management.
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Werner, Karolina. "Filling the gap: customary institutions as governance actors." Peacebuilding 9, no. 2 (March 17, 2021): 222–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2021.1895619.
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Kleczkowska, Agata. "Searching for Armed Non-state Actors’ Role in the Process of Formation of Customary Law." International and Comparative Law Review 19, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/iclr-2019-0016.
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Summary The paper explores the problem of the formation of the ‘(quasi-) customary law’, as a source of law created by, or contributed to by armed non-state actors (ANSAs). It argues that, despite some views presented in the doctrine of international law, claims of a quasi-customary international law are without foundation in the current state of international law. The paper is divided into three parts. The first part presents the views of legal doctrine concerning the customary law as contributed/created by non-state actors. The second section argues that ANSAs do not form practice and opinio juris which would allow them to create their ‘own’ customary law. The final part presents the possible challenges and consequences of including ANSAs in the process of formation of customary international law as created by States. In summary the conclusions posit that it could be potentially very harmful for international humanitarian law and the protection of human rights.
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Carrillo-Santarelli, Nicolás. "The Possibilities and Legitimacy of Non-State Participation in the Formation of Customary Law." International Community Law Review 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 98–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-12341349.
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Non-state actors can contribute to shaping customary law indirectly, through inspiration and pressure, or formally when so empowered by States. Decisions on granting non-state actors customary law-making capacities must be critically decided on a case-by-case basis, in light of the legal interests at stake, risks of making regulation subservient to their interests, and legitimacy and effectiveness considerations. Since non-state involvement in the formation or change of customary law is not limited to direct law-making capacities, different strategies can be used to both receive their input and promote their acceptance of and respect of customary law. Internal and international democratization of State decisions and collective law-making are essential if the (currently) mostly-State-centric system of custom determination is to be fair. This demands a duty to examine non-state proposals in good faith.
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Okubuiro, Joycelin Chinwe. "Application of Hegemony to Customary International Law: An African Perspective." Global Journal of Comparative Law 7, no. 2 (August 14, 2018): 232–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2211906x-00702002.
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The perpetual reliance on the traditional approach to customary international law based on state practice and opinio juris arguably serves the hegemonic purposes of the great powers in the Global North. Such a traditional approach is out of step with reality in that it fails to reflect the polarised nature of the international system, as well as the activities of diverse non-state actors that shape international law-making. These observations support a reassessment of the formation of custom to include the interests of diverse legal traditions and actors in customary international law-making. In view of the above, this paper explores hegemony through Gramsci’s ideology in relation to customary international law from an African perspective.
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Okubuiro, Joycelin Chinwe. "Third World Resistance as a Counter-hegemonic Phenomenon in Customary International Law." Global Journal of Comparative Law 9, no. 2 (June 19, 2020): 183–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2211906x-00902002.
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The role of non-state actors in custom-making provokes divergent views, skewed by state practice and opinio juris and derived from a Western perspective, which promotes hegemony. This paper shines a new light on this perennial debate by presenting resistance of Third World non-state actors as a counter-hegemonic tool in the development of customary international law. It contributes to scholarship relating to non-state actors in the formation of custom from a Global South perspective by reflecting African reality. This has become relevant in the clamour for increased participation of the Third World in international affairs as post-colonial states are deemed ineffective in representing their interests. It is observed that non-state actors employ diverse mechanisms to assert their position in law-making, thereby expanding the frontiers of custom-making. This paper explores such roles by non-state actors in the development of international custom and recommends an inclusive system that accommodates these stakeholders in custom-making.
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Retta Siagian, Citra Tiurmasari. "The Political Structure of Indonesia’s Regulation to Protection Customary Forest." Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 3, no. 1 (February 14, 2023): 95–133. http://dx.doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i1.72.
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There is an increasing awareness that indigenous communities hold a key role in sustainable forest management in Indonesia. However, this awareness did not necessarily come with sufficient legal acknowledgement of the rights of indigenous people to have autonomy over customary forest. This research aims to fill this gap through an understanding of the socio-political development that led to the policy institutionalization of the customary forest. The findings show that discourses on indigeneity, human rights, agrarian reform, social justice, and sustainability advocated by a coalition of Civil Society Organization (CSOs), dominated the political arrangements of both policies. The exchange of resources such as expertise, network, and participatory mapping among the CSOs helped to overshadow the counternarrative of competing policy actors. This thesis contends that a mature discourse coalition was a major factor that empowered the CSOs to advocate their discourses and to convince other actors to support legal recognition of customary forests. Furthermore, several political conjunctures also paved ways for an enabling environment for policy institutionalizations of customary forests. These political conjunctures include such as land reform activism, agrarian constitutionalism, REDD+, AMAN’s endorsement on Jokowi, and the merge of the Ministry of Forestry and Ministry of Environment.
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Yarbrough, Michael W. "Very Long Engagements: The Persistent Authority of Bridewealth in a Post-Apartheid South African Community." Law & Social Inquiry 43, no. 03 (2018): 647–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12275.
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This article examines the persistent authority of lobola, the customary practice for forming marriages in many South African communities. South African marriage rates have sharply fallen, and many blame this on economic challenges completing lobola. Using in-depth, qualitative research from a village in KwaZulu-Natal, where lobola demands are the country's highest and marriage rates its lowest, I argue that lobola's authority survives because lay actors have innovated new approaches for pursuing emerging desires for marriage via lobola. I argue that dyadic narratives of marriage increasingly circulate alongside “traditional” extended-family narratives, especially among the young women who strongly support lobola while yearning for gender-egalitarian marriages. My argument synthesizes actor-oriented analyses of legal pluralism with Ewick and Silbey's theorization of lay actors’ role in producing legality to illuminate how lay actors contribute not only to the form and content of different legal systems, but also to the reach of their authority.
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Febrina, Rury, Raja Muhammad Amin, Isril ', and Ishak '. "Collaborative Governance in Recognizing Customary Law Communities And Customary Communal Land Rights in Kampar Regency." Journal of Governance and Public Policy 8, no. 2 (June 14, 2021): PROOFREAD. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jgpp.v8i2.11104.
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Recognition and protection towards customary law communities in Kampar Regency are inevitable, remembering that the existence of these communities far before the establishment of this nation. A very progressive response was issued by the Regent of Kampar by Forming Registration Team for The Establishment of Customary Law Communities, Customary Territory, and Customary Forests in Kampar Regency. The Registration Team came from local government organizations, national land agencies, academicians, ministries element, non-governmental organization, and customary community institution shows collaboration that involves state actors. This collaboration successfully initiates the acknowledgment toward customary law communities and customary law with the release of Regent Decree in some areas under the Kampar Regency. This study uses a qualitative method with the type of phenomenological research. This collaborative governance is initiated by NGOs that focus on the environment and sustainable development. dominance is still found in the implementation of duties, the unequal power / authority of all parties, conflicts of interest, political will from regional heads and communication and coordination issues are still major obstacles.
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Ide, Tobias, Lisa R. Palmer, and Jon Barnett. "Environmental peacebuilding from below: customary approaches in Timor-Leste." International Affairs 97, no. 1 (January 2021): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaa059.
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Abstract Environmental peacebuilding is the integration of natural resource management into conflict prevention, resolution and recovery so as to support peace and environmental sustainability. Most studies have been of cases where there is significant involvement of external (usually international) actors. They thus provide implicit support for liberal peacebuilding practice, which is itself the subject of much critique. Conversely, documented examples of environmental peacebuilding from below are rare. We analyse an endogenously emerging environmental peacebuilding institution, the customary tara bandu process in Timor-Leste. We explain the way tara bandu is used bottom-up to promote the sustainable use of natural resources and more peaceful relations. Tara bandu proves to be a successful, locally diverse environmental peacebuilding institution. We further show how recent attempts by international peacebuilders and state institutions to employ tara bandu have somewhat ignored the way it is deeply interwoven with local social and spiritual relations, and in so doing have jeopardized its legitimacy and efficacy. This suggests that attempts from outside actors to facilitate environmental peacebuilding may be constrained by a mismatch between theorized norms of social and environmental relations (such as ‘shared interests’) and local cultural particularities.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Customary actors"
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Tchatchouang, Honoré. "La question des « objets vivants » et leur conservation dans le contexte des chefferies de l'Ouest du Cameroun." Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022CYUN1158.
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Dans les chefferies Bamiléké, la patrimonialisation se traduit depuis plusieurs décennies par l'ouverture de musées. Ils ont la particularité de conserver des collections issues des communautés locales qui en sont les détentrices. Les pièces de musée sont sorties régulièrement pour être utilisées dans la vie sociale. Cette mise en scène du patrimoine implique au moins deux groupes d'acteurs : d'une part, les serviteurs royaux en charge de la gestion coutumière, et d'autre part, les employés des institutions muséales. Le statut ambivalent des objets amène à s'interroger sur la pertinence des choix en matière de conservation, dans la mesure où ils sont calqués sur le modèle occidental. S'il est admis que la perception des patrimoines varie d'une culture à l'autre, il est aussi envisageable que les modes de préservation soient pluriels. Partant de l'étude des projets situés, la thèse explore les approches de gestion et de préservation alternatives qui font dialoguer savoirs communautaires et normes de gestion muséale. Les pistes de solutions proposées tiennent compte des réalités locales, des attentes des chefferies et des typologies d'objets à préserver. Cette recherche part de l'hypothèse que toute entreprise muséale prend sens selon le contexte culturel et s'inscrit nécessairement dans une action politique. La thèse défend l'absence d'une muséographie universelle et montre que la préservation et la valorisation du patrimoine dépendent largement de la société dans laquelle elles s'inscriventIn the Bamileke chiefdoms, the patrimonialization has been translated for severaldecades by the opening of museums. They have the particularity of preserving collectionsfrom the local communities who are the holders. Museum pieces are regularly taken out to be used in social life. This staging of heritage involves at least two groups of actors: on the one hand, the royal servants in charge of customary management, and on the other, the employees of the museum institutions. The ambivalent status of the objects raises questions about the relevance of conservation choices, insofar as they are modelled on the Western model. If it is accepted that the perception of heritage varies from one culture to another, it is also conceivable that the modes of preservation are plural. Based on the study of situated projects, the thesis explores alternative management and preservation approaches that bring together community knowledge and museum management standards. The proposed solutions take intoaccount local realities, chiefdoms' expectations and the types of objects to be preserved. This research is based on the hypothesis that any museum enterprise takes on meaning according to the cultural context and is necessarily part of a political action. The thesis defends the absence of a universal museography and shows that the preservation and valorisation of heritage depend largely on the society in which they are embedded
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Larsson, Anton. "The right of states to use force against non-state actors : is the "unwilling or unable" test customary international law?" Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-120867.
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Foukona, Joseph Daniel. "Land, Law and History: Actors, Networks and Land Reform in Solomon Islands." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144607.
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From the onset of the colonial era, land reform in Solomon
Islands has focused on changing customary landholding
arrangements so as to improve productivity and stimulate economic
growth. Most land in Melanesia remains under customary tenure,
which is broadly communal by nature and cannot be alienated
without profound social disruption. Customary land, social
relations, livelihoods, power structures, knowledge, identity and
place are all inter-related in Melanesian life-worlds. This
complexity is still poorly understood by those promoting the view
that customary land hinders development, and needs to be reformed
in order to establish secure property rights and enhance
productivity.
Land reform has been on the Solomon Islands development agenda
for more than a century. Its implementation has always focused on
enacting land laws to facilitate the transition of customary land
to private property rights regimes. This is founded on a
development model based on economic premises that remain largely
unchanged since the colonial period. This thesis draws on Actor
Network Theory (ANT) as a frame to extend the analysis of land
reform in Solomon Islands over a long historical trajectory.
Using ANT as a frame in this thesis draws particular attention to
the roles and networks of key actors in land reform.
Land reform has often been reduced to questions of land
registration and land recording. But in Solomon Islands, as
elsewhere in Melanesia, the explicit focus in land reform
narratives is on ‘unlocking the potential of land held under
customary tenure’, because it is assumed that land is ‘locked
up’ under custom. Such narratives are part of the global flow
of ideas transmitted and translated by key actors. This thesis
seeks to provide insights on the role of particular actors and
their networks to explain why land reform has been a persistent
challenge in Solomon Islands, from 1893 to the present, and how
the challenges of land reform might be addressed in a more
equitable and effective manner.
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Monmousseau, Philippe. "Passengers : customers, actors and sensors of the air transportation system." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30244.
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Le transport aérien est fondé sur l'utilisation de l'avion pour transporter des passagers entre deux aéroports, et son développement est allé de pair avec l'amélioration continue de l'efficacité et de la sécurité des avions comme moyens de transport. Cependant, si la pandémie liée au COVID-19 nous a appris une leçon, c'est qu'un problème qui touche les passagers du transport aérien peut avoir bien plus de conséquences sur le système dans son ensemble qu'un problème qui concerne les avions. Partant du principe que les passagers sont omniprésents et nécessaires au transport aérien, cette thèse propose de considérer les passagers comme des capteurs du transport aérien, et d'utiliser les données générées par les passagers pour évaluer la performance du transport aérien en quasi temps réel. Ces données générées par les passagers ont également l'avantage d'offrir un moyen d'évaluer les interactions entre les passagers et les autres acteurs du transport aérien, en particulier les aéroports et les compagnies aériennes. Comme le parcours d'un passager commence et se termine au delà des limites d'un aéroport, les données générées par les passagers tout au long de ce parcours peuvent également être utilisées pour évaluer le trajet porte-à-porte complet d'un passager du transport aérienAir transportation uses planes to transport passengers efficiently between two airports, and its development has been driven by the continuous improvement of planes as a safe and efficient means of transportation. However, if the COVID-19 pandemic has taught the air transportation system one lesson, it's that a problem affecting passengers can be far more detrimental to the air transportation system than a problem affecting planes. Acknowledging the fact that passengers are omnipresent and necessary to the air transportation system, this study proposes to consider passengers as sensors of the air transportation system and harness data generated by passengers to evaluate in near real time the flight-centric metrics traditionally used to evaluate the air transportation system performance. Data generated by passengers have the additional benefit of offering a means of evaluating the interactions between passengers and the other stakeholders of the air transportation system, such as airlines and airports. The journey of a passenger starting and ending beyond the boundaries of airport facilities, the data generated by passengers throughout their journey can also be used to evaluate the full door-to-door journey of a passenger of the air transportation system
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Barari, Mojtaba. "Actor Engagement and Platform Performance in the Sharing Economy: A Big Data Approach." Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/415332.
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In recent years, it has become apparent that the sharing economy has become a major business model that has received considerable attention from scholars in various disciplines, especially marketing. Although previous marketing research has focused mainly on the customer side of the sharing economy, current research is pushing into the platform and business model levels. This upgrading helps researchers study the relationship between customer and service provider and the relationship with the platform in the sharing economy. As the sharing economy is an open business model, customers and service providers enter and exit this platform with a lower level of limitation. Thus, a platform’s long-term success depends on the actor’s (service provider and customer) engagement with the platform. Besides that, the literature on engagement has described the “actor engagement” concept to enable research on study engagement in a triadic context, as found in the sharing economy or B2B business models. While customer engagement is a well-established research area, the notion of actor engagement is new in marketing, especially in the sharing economy, and a lack of empirical research in this area exists. Thus, this research sought to examine the role of actor engagement in the sharing economy and how it can influence platform performance. From a theoretical perspective, these findings provide a better understanding of actor engagement formation process and indicate how customer and service provider engagement with other actors leads to platform sales. From practical implication, it guides service providers and especially platforms to manage actor engagement to enhance their performance effectively.
In this regard, four studies were conducted to meet the thesis goal of studying the role of actor engagement on platform performance. The current research used a meta-analysis to review and synthesize findings from customer engagement (first meta-analysis study) and sharing economy literature (second meta-analysis study) to develop a conceptual model of actor engagement formation (first empirical study) and its role on platform performance (second empirical study). The first meta-analysis study presents a comprehensive and generalizable picture of the customer engagement concept. As actor engagement originated from the customer engagement concept, it helps us identify research gaps and develop empirical research frameworks. This study provides a meta-analysis that integrated data of 196 effect sizes of 184 publications with a sample of 146,380. The findings reveal engagement through two pathways: (1) organic as relationship-oriented (perceived quality, perceived value, and relationship quality) and (2) promoted as firm-initiated (functional and experiential initiatives). Moderator analysis indicates that the influence of the two pathways on engagement depends on engagement context (online versus offline), industry and product types (service versus manufacturing and hedonic versus utilitarian, respectively), and cultural context. Findings support an attitudinal engagement–loyalty and behavioral engagement–firm performance linkage. Study results provide new insight into various engagement approaches and their relationships. The authors offer recommendations to help marketers manage their customer engagement process more effectively.
In the second meta-analysis, a generalizable picture of the relationship formation process between customer, service provider, and platform is provided. This study integrated 214 effect sizes from 192 studies with 88,154 sample sizes. The findings indicate motivators and inhibitors for individuals to join (not join) a platform as a customer or service provider by influencing their attitudinal and behavioral responses to the platform through a two-level relationship quality pathway. Moderator analysis reveals the impact of customer motivators and inhibitors on customer responses to service providers and platforms depending on country-level moderators, such as the Human Development Index (HDI) and cultural context. These results provide insight into relationship formation among actors in the sharing economy. The study also recommends that platform managers manage their users’ relationships more effectively. The first empirical study examined actor engagement formation and its roles in service provider performance. Research data include text and image from Airbnb in seven countries. Text and image mining and machine learning were used to measure research variables after which partial least squares path modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to test the research model. Results indicate that for the multidimensional actor engagement concept, actor affective engagement showed a greater impact on actor behavioral engagement than cognitive engagement. Also, service providers’ behavioral engagement influences customer engagement behavior and subsequently, service provider performance. Moderator analysis indicates the complex role of service provider age, gender, and cultural value in actor engagement formation in the sharing economy and highlights differences with findings in the business to customer context.
Finally, the second empirical research studied the actor engagement formation among customers and service providers on sharing economy platform performance in seven countries. Research data include structured and unstructured data of 159,662 service providers and 2,087,233 customers from Airbnb in seven countries. Text mining and machine learning techniques were used to measure research variables, and multilevel regression was employed to test the research model. Results indicate that efforts to maximize value for money and accuracy of service provider descriptions among service provider engagement behaviours were the main predictor of customer engagement and platform performance. For customer engagement, customer lifetime value and customer referral value (CLV and CRV, respectively) were shown to be among the behaviors that have the highest impact on platform performance. In addition, Airbnb as a genuinely global platform enables the investigation of a range of country-level factors (such as economic, competitiveness, cultural, technological, social, and political factors) on actor engagement, thus providing more comprehensive understanding of this concept from a global perspective. The theoretical and empirical implications of these findings are discussed.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Dept of Marketing
Griffith Business School
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Lipusch, Nikolaus [Verfasser]. "Crowd-Based Entrepreneurship : How Crowd-Based Infrastructures Can Be Leveraged to Unlock New Innovation Potential for Entrepreneurs, Customers and Actors of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems / Nikolaus Lipusch." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1212224116/34.
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Carlsson, William, and Fredrik Lidemyr. "Identifying customer value in the new 5G ecosystem : A case study on Ericsson." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-74488.
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The purpose with this study is to enhance the understanding of how a companies in the ICT industry can increase customer value in the new environment enabled by 5G. Furthermore, the study concretizes the interactions and experiences between different actors on the market, with focus on the subjective values, or as we call them, the non-functional differentiators. To be able to fulfil the purpose, the study explored the routines regarding the non-functional differentiators in the environment of 5G. In order to conduct this study, an exploratory research with an inductive qualitative approach was used. A single case-study design was chosen on the company of Ericsson. In total 25 interviews were held within five different business areas at Ericsson. The interviews were of semi-structured character and the data was analysed through a thematic analysis. The findings from the study revealed five different themes. The first two represent the new ecosystem with the key actors and the new environment. The next two themes illustrate the most important routines in this new environment. Lastly, the findings present the importance of relationship experience and which of the non-functional differentiators that has the most impact. The study has enhanced the understanding of how customer value could be increased by identifying the routines of the interactions between different actors and how they should be acclimatized in the new environment. This study contributes to the literature regarding the environment of the ecosystem, the routines of the co-creation process and experiences of the relationship in it. Furthermore, the study concretizes the routines in the co-creation process which will assist the managers in their work of generating customer value. However, the study is limited due its single case-study were only one of the key-actors was investigated. A suggestion for future research is to do a multi-case study, which includes the perspectives of not just one key-actor, but the other key-actors as well, i.e. Ericsson’s customers. An approach like this could validate our findings and thereby ensure the findings transferability.
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Mouminoux, Claire. "Biais comportementaux et stratégies des acteurs du marché de l'assurance." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1213/document.
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Cette thèse a pour objectif d'analyser les interactions entre les agents économiques opérant sur le marché de l'assurance de détail. D'un côté, les assurés souhaitant se couvrir contre un risque de perte doivent explorer le marché afin de souscrire un contrat en ligne avec leur perception du risque. D'un autre côté, les assureurs se font concurrence sur un marché régulé, leur imposant un certain niveau de capital afin de garantir leur solvabilité dans un contexte d'incertitude sur les risques souscrits. D'autre part, des intermédiaires proposent leurs services afin de faciliter l'interaction entre les consommateurs, averses aux risques, et les firmes, preneuses de risques. C'est donc dans ce contexte que nous analysons les comportements des acteurs de l'assurance à travers différentes perspectives. Les Chapitre 1 et 2 de cette thèse résultent d'expérimentations en laboratoire, effectuées à l'aide d'une interface web conçue spécifiquement pour ces études. Les résultats du Chapitre 3, quant à eux, sont basés sur un modèle théorique et des simulations numériques. Le Chapitre 1 se concentre sur la relation entre l'honnêteté et les croyances en l'honnêteté des agents économiques. À l'aide des données collectées en laboratoire, nous montrons comment l'incertitude et le sentiment de se trouver dans des conditions plus ou moins avantageuses impactent à la fois le niveau d'honnêteté mais aussi la croyance en l'honnêteté envers les autres. En règle générale, les consommateurs surestiment l'honnêteté des intermédiaires. Ainsi, ce résultat justifie leur présence sur le marché de l'assurance. D'autre part, nous montrons aussi que les incitations financières proposées aux intermédiaires sont sources de distorsion des croyances en l'honnêteté. Plus le niveau d'incitation est faible, plus les consommateurs anticipent un comportement malhonnête. Dans le Chapitre 2, nous mettons en évidence le dilemme dont fait face le consommateur sur un marché comprenant une multitude de canaux de distribution. Doit-il explorer par lui-même et choisir parmi un large ensemble de contrats ou bien déléguer une partie de sa décision à un intermédiaire plus ou comportant des coûts de recherche, nous montrons que l'obfuscation liée à une importante quantité d'information et les croyances en l'honnêteté des intermédiaires sont les principaux déterminants des décisions de recherche et d'achat. Nous montrons également que l'obfuscation et l'attitude des intermédiaires sont sources d'inefficience dans les prises de décisions, en particulier vis-à-vis des caractéristiques des contrats d'assurance souscrits par les consommateurs. Dans ce sens, l'identification d'un effet de focalisation appuie l'importance du niveau des prix dans les prises de décision au détriment de l'environnement de risque et du niveau de couverture. L'introduction des coûts de recherche dans le processus d'exploration, ainsi que l'hétérogénéité des croyances en l'honnêteté justifient les stratégies de distribution multicanal adoptées par les assureurs. Une analyse d'un jeu non coopératif répété est exposée dans le Chapitre 3 de cette thèse où les pertes et le comportement des consommateurs sont stochastiques et les assureurs se font une concurrence en prix. Afin d'intégrer les contraintes des régulateurs, nous déterminons les équilibres de Nash sous contrainte de solvabilité. Nous analysons également la sensibilité des primes d'équilibre en fonction des paramètres du jeu, en particulier lorsque les firmes ne bénéficient pas des mêmes avantages comparatifs (i.e. réputation conduisant à différents niveaux de rétention des clients, ancienneté des assureurs conduisant à différents stocks en capital)This thesis aims at explaining interactions among economic agents operating in the retail insurance market. On the one hand, the policyholder is willing to be covered against a risk. To do so, they have to explore the insurance market to purchase a contract in line with their risk perception. On the other hand, insurers compete in a regulated market which imposes capital constraints for shock loss absorption purposes. In between, intermediaries may provide services in order to facilitate interaction between risk-adverse consumers and risk-taker firms. In this context, we analyze economic behaviors of insurance actors through different perspectives. Chapter 1 and 2 both result from original laboratory experiments, conducted through a web-interface especially designed for these studies. Results in Chapter 3 rely on a theoretical model and numerical simulations. Chapter 1 emphasizes on the relationship between honesty and beliefs about honesty of economic agents. According to laboratory results, we show how the uncertainty and the perception of advantageous conditions impact the level of honesty and beliefs about honesty. In general, consumers estimate that intermediaries are more honest than they really are, hence supporting their physical presence in the insurance market. However, intermediary financial incentives are a source of distortion of honesty beliefs: the weaker the level of the incentive, the stronger the deviation anticipations. In Chapter 2, we shed light on the dilemma faced by insurance purchasers under a multichannel distribution. Should the consumer, themselves, choose from a large set of insurance policies, or rather delegate a part of their decision to a more or less honest intermediary? Using experimental approaches, including exogenous search costs, we show that obfuscation and beliefs about intermediary honesty are the main determinants of individual choices. We also find that obfuscation and intermediaries’ deviation are the main sources of inefficiency in decision-making, especially regarding the features of the insurance contracts chosen by consumers. Our identification of the focal point effect supports the importance of the price level on purchasing decisions rather than the risk environment or the coverage level. The introduction of search costs in the exploration process, as well as the heterogeneity of beliefs about honesty, justify multichannel distribution strategies adopted by insurers. An analysis of insurer price competition with a repeated one-period non-cooperative game is conducted in Chapter 3, where both insurer losses and consumer behaviors are stochastic. Because of regulatory obligations, we consider a solvency constraint when computing Nash-Equilibrium. We determine the sensitivity of the premium equilibrium with respect to the parameters, especially when firms do not benefit from same competitive advantages (i.e. reputation effect leading to differences in consumers inertia or market seniority leading to differences in capital stock). We also study insurers’ market share in response to the entry of new insurer undercutting prices but dealing with binding solvency constraints
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Kaiser, Lena Katharina, and Anna Federika Würthner. "Keeping SaaS business clients loyal : An exploratory multi-case study on how to design loyalty initiatives." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48974.
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Business-to-business customer loyalty management is an essential and long-standing theme in business research and practice. Loyal clients are of great importance within Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), as the business model relies strongly on long-term business relationships, e.g. due to subscription models. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study on how to design loyalty initiatives used in business-to-business SaaS relationships yet. Therefore, our thesis asks the question “How can loyalty initiatives be designed to improve the loyalty of SaaS business clients?”. By applying a qualitative research methodology with multi-case studies, we were able to investigate the status-quo of customer loyalty management by looking at the vendor side and then analysing the perception of loyalty initiatives, with respect to the client’s perspective. A broad number of in-depth empirical data was collected in semi-structured interviews conducted with employees of six SaaS vendor firms and seven of their clients. As we used an abductive approach, we were able to compare our findings with the existing literature and extend previous theory. Our interview findings were then clustered into eight dimensions, which were based on the customer lifecycle, and various initiatives have been assigned to them. All initiatives included several actions performed by the vendors, which were then classified into three categories, according to how important it was perceived by their clients. We concluded our research with the ‘Design Guide for Loyalty Initiatives’ that summarises our findings and provides an overview for SaaS vendors to review and adjust their initiatives. Hence, we deliver valuable insights for SaaS vendors to gain a deeper understanding of their clients’ needs and to, in turn, prioritise their performed loyalty actions and allocate their budget accordingly.
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Råbergh, Michaela, and Amanda Sars. "Förändrad interaktion, förändrat värde? : En kvalitativ studie om värdeskapande vid mänsklig och teknisk interaktion." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-27697.
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The progress in the field of technology is often described as massive and its development has had a great impact on the social development (Vetenskapsrådet, 2012). As a result of the digital evolution, there has been a change in the way customer and company interact (Normann, 2011). The traditional way for players to interact with each other required an interaction human to human (ibid), a mode of interaction that now can be replaced or supplemented by todays technology and often Internet-based solutions (Salomonson et al., 2013). These technological solutions, the technical interaction, are often referred to as self-service systems. These systems enables the customer to carry out the tasks previously performed by the company (Hilton and Hughes, 2013). A growing number of Swedish companies are implementing these self-service solutions, particularly in matters relating to telephony and mobility, in order to complement or replace existing support (Gustafsson, 2012). Earlier research shows that both companies and customers can benefit from the implementation of self-service systems, however there are other contributions to the field of research that paradoxically advocates that the meeting in person, the human interaction is important for the competitiveness of a company (Normann, 2011). The purpose of this thesis is to create an understanding about how customer value is created in the interaction between customers and companies in both human and technological interaction. As data collection method, this study has applied qualitative interviews in order to enhance understanding of existing phenomena. In order to help analyse the study’s results the thesis theoretical framework consists of theories concerning services, interaction, value creation, service logic and service quality linked to the discipline service management. The results of the study indicate that the creation of customer value in the interaction between customer and company occurs in the same way in human interaction and technological interaction. The factors that create customer value are expressed in different ways by human and technological interaction.
Books on the topic "Customary actors"
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Working behind the scenes: State actors and judicial processes in the houses of chiefs in Ghana. Legon [Ghana]: University of Ghana, 2008.
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Ethiopia) National Conference on Law and Development (1st 2013 Addis Ababa. Proceedings of the National Conference on Law and Development: Legal pluralism, traditional justice systems and the role of legal actors in Ethiopia : Addis Ababa, 15-17, November 2012. Edited by Seble G/Giorgis, Selam Abraham, Tewodros Dawit, Muradu Abdo, Stebek Elias N, and Justice and Legal System Research Institute (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia). Addis Ababa: Justice and Legal Systems Research Institute (JLSRI), 2013.
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Brems, Eva, Giselle Corradi, and Martien Schotsmans. International actors and traditional justice in Sub-Saharan Africa: Policies and interventions in transitional justice and justice sector aid. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Intersentia, 2015.
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Customer-focused marketing: Actions for delivering greater internal and external customer satisfaction. London: McGraw-Hill, 1993.
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Kötter, Matthias. Non-state justice institutions and the law: Decision-making at the interface of tradition, religion and the state. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK ; New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
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G, Woodside Arch, ed. Evaluating marketing actions and outcomes. Amsterdam: Elsevier/JAI, 2003.
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Back-to-basics selling: Responsive actions that show customers you care about their business. Salem, NH: ELI Press, 1993.
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Witthohn, Hauke. Gewohnheitsrecht als Eingriffsermächtigung. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 1997.
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Badjaga, Boubacar. L'action juridictionnelle judiciaire au Mali: Une institution au service des droits humains. Lille: ANRT, Atelier national de reproduction des thèses, 2010.
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Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service, ed. Telecommunications specialized customer premises equipment for the disabled: Federal actions affecting its provision. Washington, D.C: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1985.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Customary actors"
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Accaoui Lorfing, Pascale. "Screening of Foreign Direct Investment and the States’ Security Interests in Light of the OECD, UNCTAD and Other International Guidelines." In Public Actors in International Investment Law, 179–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58916-5_10.
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AbstractThis chapter analyses the concept of the “national security interest”, which is widely recognised as allowing a state to determine which areas of its economy are restricted or prohibited to foreign investors. This chapter seeks to identify what constitutes a threat for a state and how that threat is managed both domestically and internationally. Despite the recognition of a state’s right to take measures it considers essential to its security, there are limits. The rules established by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and other international instruments are non-binding but can serve as a guide for states in determining the limits of the national security approach. International investment agreements can restrict the right of states to take security-related measures. Finally, customary international law, in light of the good faith obligation, can serve as a basis for assessing measures taken by a state and pave the way for a better balance between the rights of a state and those of foreign investors.
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Sari, Yulia Indrawati. "The Dynamics of the Green Policies in Papua Land: A Political Economy Study." In Environment & Policy, 185–204. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15904-6_11.
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AbstractThe provincial governments of Papua and West Papua have expressed their commitments and enacted policies to develop Papua Land in a sustainable manner through the issuance of Papua 2100 Vision, the 2019 Manokwari Declaration, and the ‘green’ spatial plan of Papua province. However, the implementation of these policies in balancing protection of forests and improvement of livelihood of indigenous Papuans has been slow. By employing a political economy approach, the study explores how interactions between the political economy structure, institutions, and actors have resulted in slow implementation of such commitments, particularly in reviewing the compliance of land-based industry licenses and acknowledging customary (adat) areas. The study was conducted between February 2020 and March 2021 and encompassed approximately 50 key informant interviews – including donors, civil society organizations, adat leaders, national and subnational governments, observers, academics, and journalists – and document review. The findings of this study suggest that the reform is mainly driven by development partners and limited numbers of bureaucrats that align with the indigenous Papuans’ interest to protect their land from outsiders. The small coalitions were successful in focusing their effort to enact green policies in the two provinces. However, the study highlights constraints faced by these actors to turn the policies into actions: (1) the existence of wide array of powerful actors – non-Papuans and Papuans – with strong economic and political interests identified at central, provincial, and regency level to hinder the enforcement of problematic land-based licenses and clarify adat areas; (2) the absence of broad-based political support. These have hampered the implementation of the green policies under the two aspects above. This study recommends reviewing policy at the national level to create enabling environment for green policies implementation in both provinces, e.g., to review the Omnibus Law, supporting the regency-level actors to accelerate issuance of the perda PPMHA and local-level regulations on adat-managed areas, supporting licenses review in Southern part of Papua Province to limit the operation of these businesses to expand in forest areas and disrespect adat rights over their lands, and exploring engagement with the opposing parties at all administrative level.
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Watson, Danielle, Loene Howes, Sinclair Dinnen, Melissa Bull, and Sara N. Amin. "Plural Policing in the Pacific." In Palgrave's Critical Policing Studies, 83–110. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10635-4_4.
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AbstractPlural policing has become a key focus in critical policing and security scholarship, with growing acknowledgement that policing practices involve multiple actors and diverse institutional forms. While much of the recent interest in plural policing has been prompted by the global growth of private security, plural policing in the Pacific Islands has long been evident in the co-existence of state-based police organisations operating nationally, and traditional or customary policing forms operating at local levels in most of these countries and territories. This chapter examines the plural character of Pacific policing in the context of historical and more recent processes of pluralisation, including the expanding domains of private and transnational policing, highlighting the deepening entanglement and interdependency between these various policing forms. The geographic focus is on the independent Melanesian countries, the region’s most populous, socially diverse, and challenging policing environments.
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Quan, Julian, Lora Forsythe, and June Y. T. Po. "Advancing women's position by recognizing and strengthening customary land rights: lessons from community-based land interventions in Mozambique." In Land governance and gender: the tenure-gender nexus in land management and land policy, 65–79. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247664.0006.
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Abstract This chapter argues that gender-sensitive lessons from recent land programmes and projects are critical to the planning, design and modification of new and continuing efforts of land programmes, to achieve transformative development outcomes, for both women and men. The researchers propose three important considerations for understanding the opportunities and constraints for gender-senstivity in land programmes: (i) the context of gendered land tenure and livelihood systems; (ii) the increase in private- sector agricultural investments for economic growth and national development in Africa, and (iii) the actors and methods involved in delivering land and development programmes to rural communities. Using three recent cases from Mozambique, this chapter explores how these factors shape the interaction between development organizations and local communities creates tension between land programmes and private investors, and women's empowerment in the context of their households and communities. The chapter draws on two locally specific tenure projects and one wider national programme, all of which received financial and technical support from the UK's former development agency, the Department for International Development (DfID). Each intervention aimed to secure customary land rights as an important condition for achieving transformative outcomes in agricultural and natural resource-based development.
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La Rocca, Antonella. "Actors in Interaction." In Customer-Supplier Relationships in B2B, 95–121. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40993-7_4.
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Laurìa, Antonio, Valbona Flora, and Kamela Guza. "The Mountain Village of Razëm." In Studi e saggi, 157–224. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-175-4.02.
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Part II of the book focusses on Razëm, a hamlet of the mountain village of Vrith, in the Municipality of Malësi e Madhe. Razëm lies within the Regional Natural Park of Shkrel and is considered the “gateway” to the Western Albanian Alps. The evocative landscape, the quality of the air and the proximity to Shkodër have transformed Razëm into a proper tourist resort. In the first chapters, the importance of the intangible heritage is stressed. The quality of the typical products and of the culinary tradition, the rhapsodic chants based on the Eposi i Kreshnikëve, the tradition of the customary law based on the Kanun code, the religious festivities and the xhubleta (as a most significant feature of local craftsmanship) are some of the issues addressed. In the following chapters, the multiple aspects of the tangible heritage are analysed. Here, the quality of the natural and pastoral landscape – characterised by alpine pastures and typical hut settlements –, together with the building tradition of the area, is highlighted. A special attention is dedicated to a complex of villas built by the rich bourgeoisie from Shkodër during the Twenties and Thirties, a unique phenomenon that deserves a proper in-depth study. For each of the aforementioned issues, the theoretical and historical analysis are closely bound to an evaluation of those features of the cultural heritage that could be enhanced to guarantee a sustainable tourism development of the area. Each chapter ends with a consistent set of specific intervention strategies. They are substantive tools for action aimed at public and private local actors.
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La Rocca, Antonella. "Exploring the Role of Actors in the Formation of Market Relationships." In Customer-Supplier Relationships in B2B, 1–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40993-7_1.
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Cavallone, Mauro. "Strategic Action: Four Elements for Increasing the Effectiveness of Marketing Actions." In Marketing and Customer Loyalty, 17–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51991-3_2.
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Aboelenien, Aya, and Chau Minh Nguyen. "Brands’ Response to Cancel Culture: Connecting Marketplace Actors: An Abstract." In Optimistic Marketing in Challenging Times: Serving Ever-Shifting Customer Needs, 391–92. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24687-6_166.
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Anastasiadou, Elena. "Exploring Business Actor Engagement Dynamics: An Abstract." In Optimistic Marketing in Challenging Times: Serving Ever-Shifting Customer Needs, 243–44. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24687-6_98.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Customary actors"
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Spinks, Harry C. "SCARs, CARs, NCRs, CAPAs, and Complaints - What's it all mean??" In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2013.22.
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ISO 17025 requires an accredited lab to have a program for (4.8) Complaints, (4.9) Nonconforming work (NCR), (4.11) Corrective Actions, and (4.12) Preventative Actions (CAPA). But what does that mean? And how does that impact the lab and the customers (you)?One of the benefits of ISO 17025 accreditation is the requirement of the lab to provide good, if not great, customer service. Your organization does not need an ISO certification or accreditation to adopt these processes to improve quality. The purpose of this paper is to present a basic understanding of the process for resolving customer issues and non-conformances within an organization • particularly the calibration or test lab accredited to ISO 17025.
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Medikonduri, Rajesh. "Production Yield Enhancement through Failure Analysis Investigation." In ISTFA 2009. ASM International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2009p0254.
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Abstract Production yield verification for a complex device, such as the flash memory, is a problem of primary importance due to high design density and current testing capabilities of such design. In this paper, the flow byte issue in the one time programmable block is investigated through physical failure analysis (PFA). The customer reported fail for this unit was flow byte error with flipped data loss in one of the bit. Various experiments were done on numerous units to identify the yield related issue and prevent shipment of such units to customers. The case study from this paper is beneficial to the FA community by showing the exact methodology in identifying the problem, its containment, and implementation of corrective actions on the ATE to prevent shipment of low yield units to customer. The yield was enhanced by implementing the containment and corrective actions on the ATE.
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Zhu, Yada, Jianbo Li, Jingrui He, Brian L. Quanz, and Ajay A. Deshpande. "A Local Algorithm for Product Return Prediction in E-Commerce." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/517.
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With the rapid growth of e-tail, the cost to handle returned online orders also increases significantly and has become a major challenge in the e-commerce industry. Accurate prediction of product returns allows e-tailers to prevent problematic transactions in advance. However, the limited existing work for modeling customer online shopping behaviors and predicting their return actions fail to integrate the rich information in the product purchase and return history (e.g., return history, purchase-no-return behavior, and customer/product similarity). Furthermore, the large-scale data sets involved in this problem, typically consisting of millions of customers and tens of thousands of products, also render existing methods inefficient and ineffective at predicting the product returns. To address these problems, in this paper, we propose to use a weighted hybrid graph to represent the rich information in the product purchase and return history, in order to predict product returns. The proposed graph consists of both customer nodes and product nodes, undirected edges reflecting customer return history and customer/product similarity based on their attributes, as well as directed edges discriminating purchase-no-return and no-purchase actions. Based on this representation, we study a random-walk-based local algorithm for predicting product return propensity for each customer, whose computational complexity depends only on the size of the output cluster rather than the entire graph. Such a property makes the proposed local algorithm particularly suitable for processing the large-scale data sets to predict product returns. To test the performance of the proposed techniques, we evaluate the graph model and algorithm on multiple e-commerce data sets, showing improved performance over state-of-the-art methods.
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Melnikov, Alexander Viktorovich, and Yulia Adolfovna, Kosikova. "OPPORTUNITIES AND RISKS OF A SOCIAL NETWORK IN MARKETING." In Russian science: actual researches and developments. Samara State University of Economics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/russian.science-2020.03-1-232/234.
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The Most well - known social software applications are blogs, wikis, social networks, and instant messaging. The social network is described as a convergence of technologies, which means that individuals can easily communicate, select information, and form new communities on the Internet. The rapid growth of social networks is forcing companies to step up their activities in traditional CRM systems. One of the important advantages of the Internet is the creation of an active contact between stakeholders, making it easier for businesses to get feedback from their customers, which allows them to more effectively identify customer needs and develop corrective actions.
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Wu, Qiong, Wen-Ling Hsu, Tan Xu, Zhenming Liu, George Ma, Guy Jacobson, and Shuai Zhao. "Speaking with Actions - Learning Customer Journey Behavior." In 2019 IEEE 13th International Conference on Semantic Computing (ICSC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icosc.2019.8665577.
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Muschkiet, Michel, and Tobias Wulfert. "Holistic Customer Experience in Smart City Service Systems – A Conceptual Model." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002567.
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Through the multiplicity of different actors, smart cities offer many physical and digital touchpoints where interactions with customers can occur for the creation and delivery of smart services. Integrating these touchpoints at different levels offers the potential to foster innovation and stimulate service creation by bringing together different resources. At present, however, service production and delivery in cities is mostly highly parcelled out and isolated by individual providers. A strong competitive spirit is particularly evident in the use of the multitude of data in smart cities, due to its high value when being transformed into valuable smart services. The isolated consideration of services can be one of the central weaknesses of today's cities, leading to a declining attractiveness as a place to stay and consume. Increasing online competition, related changing consumer behavior, and the COVID-19 pandemic are leading to a growing decoupling of work, leisure and shopping from physical locations and thus from the city as a place where services are provided. To strengthen the development of a city, it is necessary to attract customers back by making the experience attractive as a combination of different value contributions, e.g. integrating retail services with smart solutions for the search of nearby free parking spaces, toward an integrated customer experience in cities. Meanwhile it has been argued that customer experience in cities is more holistic than the experience in single service encounters, there is a lack in research in exploring how customer experience in cities can be conceptualized. In this work, we therefore present city experience as an integrative concept which bundles the experiences from various activities in the city toward a holistic customer experience. Following the Design Science Research process suggested by Peffers et al. (2007), examining smart service literature in the field of smart cities and 141 real-world smart city services from the perspective of their contribution to customer experience, we develop a conceptual model which depicts the central determinants of city experience. Our model deepens knowledge in the field of consumer-oriented value creation in smart cities providing an integrative perspective on customer experience, smart cities and smart services. We consider our insights significant for research, as our integrative framework deepens the understanding of a holistic customer experience as a solution to the above-described problems. It provides a basis to further theorize on customer experience in smart cities and on how to design and integrate smart services to create it. Further, our work can help practitioners involved in smart cities in the design of new smart services as well as the evaluation of existing services with respect to their contribution to the city experience. Accordingly, this integrative perspective on smart city services organizes the state of the art of smart service research in a novel way and enhances understanding on the role of smart services to contribute to an overall customer experience. By taking on this view, our research provides important perspectives and results that could significantly contribute to solving the ongoing challenges according to a city’s attractiveness and development.
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Pardaev, Khusniddin, Shavkat Hasanov, Shukrullo Muratov, and Fotima Saydullaeva. "Assessment of economic relations between actors of the tomato production chain." In 23rd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2022”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2022.56.005.
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This article is aimed at analysing the economic interrelation between actors in the tomato production chain in Uzbekistan and find ways to increase the smallholders’ income. We used a PROBIT model to determine the influence of exogenous and endogenous factors on the choice of a small trading partner. The customers that come to the smallholders’ house to purchase the product are regarded as an exogenous factor. More attention needs to be paid to increasing value-added in the food chain in Uzbekistan and improving economic relations between its actors. The factor obtained as an instrumental variable is assessed as having a positive and high impact on the choice of smallholder intermediate trade partner. In other words, an increase in the level of acquaintances of intermediaries with smallholders will increase economic cooperation by 1.2 times, an increase in family income from agriculture by 19% and an increase in smallholder activity in the mahalle by 15.7%. It is estimated that the increase in the number of respondents’ livestock per unit, foreign experience per year and the level of use of credits per unit will increase economic cooperation with direct consumers by 34.4, 13.4 and 28.5%, respectively. It also provides guidelines for tomato farmers to reduce transaction costs and risks and increase their profitability.
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Jiang, Xiaomo, and Craig Foster. "Remote Thermal Performance Monitoring and Diagnostics: Turning Data Into Knowledge." In ASME 2013 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2013-98246.
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Gas turbine simple or combined cycle plants are built and operated with higher availability, reliability, and performance in order to provide the customer with sufficient operating revenues and reduced fuel costs meanwhile enhancing customer dispatch competitiveness. A tremendous amount of operational data is usually collected from the everyday operation of a power plant. It has become an increasingly important but challenging issue about how to turn this data into knowledge and further solutions via developing advanced state-of-the-art analytics. This paper presents an integrated system and methodology to pursue this purpose by automating multi-level, multi-paradigm, multi-facet performance monitoring and anomaly detection for heavy duty gas turbines. The system provides an intelligent platform to drive site-specific performance improvements, mitigate outage risk, rationalize operational pattern, and enhance maintenance schedule and service offerings via taking appropriate proactive actions. In addition, the paper also presents the components in the system, including data sensing, hardware, and operational anomaly detection, expertise proactive act of company, site specific degradation assessment, and water wash effectiveness monitoring and analytics. As demonstrated in two examples, this remote performance monitoring aims to improve equipment efficiency by converting data into knowledge and solutions in order to drive value for customers including lowering operating fuel cost and increasing customer power sales and life cycle value.
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Farhana, Mosarrat, and Daniel Swietlicki. "Digitalization as a Game-Changer: A Study on Swedish Video Game Industry." In The 2st Linnaeus Student Conference on Information Technology: Digital Transformation in the Contemporary World. Lnu Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15626/lscit2020.01.
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The purpose of this study is to extend the understanding of the business model of video game retailers using online and physical stores. It focuses on the impact of digitalization on the retailing industry considering different actors like retailers and consumers. This is a qualitative multiple-case study based on deductive reasoning. Two cases of click-and-mortar retailers operating in the Swedish video game industry have been considered along with feedback from customers. Online personal interviews and semi-structured interviews have been conducted with retailers and customers respectively. Both primary and secondary data have been used. Findings show that video game retailers need to encourage engagement through incentives and other activities to create value and change up their formats and sales strategies through pricing to reach new customers and focus on design of their online store fronts to convey trustworthiness. It offers some insightful practical suggestions to retailers who are struggling hard to adopt digital transformations in the industry. Authors’ proposed research model, based on Sorescu et al. (2011)’s retail business model and the empirical findings, contributes in the less explored domain of research on business models from retailer’s perspectives. Moreover, it adds values in industry specific study like the video game industry in Sweden considering all actors, which is argued as scarce.
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Sophie Tombeil, Anne, and Rainer Nägele. "Towards a Concept of “Governance as a Smart- Service” in Service-Oriented Value-Creation-Systems." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002574.
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The course of the digital transformation of economy, work and society as well as increasing pressure from hyper individualized demand on the one hand and on the other hand issues that ask for global action, like pandemics or climate change, paves the way for new smart service-oriented forms of value creation, thus, solutions enhanced by new technological possibilities that transcendent corporate or individual routines and restrictions of human coping with complexity. Future Service Business thrives with seamless interaction in the conscious providing and coupling of resources, i. e. products and services, physical and digital elements, manpower and competencies, massively supported by and dependent on data and analytics in business-ecosystems. In order to create this “seamlessness” a new quality of conjoint value creation on strategic as well as operative level is necessary, that helps balancing value co-creation and value co-destruction in coopetitive multi-actor-ecosystems. Research on modelling processes for sustainable and resilient “governance as a smart service” is presented that deep dives on possible ways to combine the relative strenghs of digital evaluation and human decision. The research question if governance design for resource integration in new service business ecosystems can be provided “…as a smart service” itself is approached with two focal assumptions on resource integration in service-oriented ecosystems: firstly, the creation of a common, overarching value proposition for the customer (promise making externally) has to be complemented by value propositions for each contributing actor involved on the provider side (promis making internally). This will enable the governance function to know about and adress the costs of collaboration. Secondly, the design of common operational processes for key activities that meets internal expectations is crucial (promise keeping of the ecosystem). This will enable the governance function as well as mulit facetted actor practices to meet expectations and rely on fullfillment of collaborative quality by each actor in the value creation system. For the formulation of innovative value propositions we refer to the concept of value proposition design (Osterwalder et al 2015, Chesbrough, 2007). We aim to find out, to what extent the elements of the concept in the customer sphere: jobs to be done, pains, gains, can be transferred to the internal perspective of ecosystem partners and what adjustments are necessary in formulating value propositions in internal perspective. In the solution sphere of the Value Proposition Design concept with the elements: products & services, pain relievers, gain creators, we explore to which extent these are suitable to map the perspectives of the actors involved in order to derive reference processes of resource integration regarding the commonly shaped value propositions, internally and externally alike. The view formulated by Grönross (2011, 290), that in service-oriented value creation processes of different actors run simultaneously and a number of dialogic processes lead to an integrated process of coordinated action is modified. Our starting point is the need for a structured and digital augmented multilog and the goal is the design of a number of suitable common processes and standards with a resource-integrating bridging function between the original business models of each contributing partner in the system and the collaborative business model of the ecosystem as system of systems. This includes looking at virtual instances in the (re-) design of governance processes that support collaboration in a balance between independence and dependency (Malone, 2018, Freund / Spohrer, 2013).
Reports on the topic "Customary actors"
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Carter, Becky. Women’s and Girls’ Experiences of Security and Justice in Somaliland. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.077.
Full textAbstract:
This rapid review seeks to provide an overview of the publicly available literature from the academic, donor, and non-government organisation sources on women’s and girls’ experiences of statutory and customary security and justice in Somaliland. In Somaliland women and girls experience poor security, with high rates of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), and significant barriers to gender equality in the pluralistic legal system. The predominant clan-based customary justice system, along with conservative social norms and religious beliefs, discriminates against women and girls, while weak formal state institutions are not able to deliver accessible and effective justice for vulnerable and marginalised groups. Social stigma silences SGBV survivors and their families, with many rape crimes resolved through customary compensation or marriage. National and international organisations have undertaken various activities to promote gender equality in security and justice, with support provided to formal and informal security and justice institutions and actors at national and local levels, as well as initiatives to empower women and girls.
2
Wolf, Eva. Chemikalienmanagement in der textilen Lieferkette. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627987.
Full textAbstract:
The World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in 2002 set the goal of minimising the adverse impacts of chemicals and waste by 2020. This goal has not been achieved yet. Therefore, other approaches are needed to prevent, minimise, or replace harmful substances. One possible approach is this master thesis which deals with the challenges that the textile importer DELTEX is facing with regard to a transparent communication of chemicals used and contained in the product in its supply chain. DELTEX is bound by legal regulations and requirements of its customer and must ensure that there are no harmful substances in the garments. For each order, the customer requires a chemical inventory from DELTEX which contains the chemical substances and formulations used (so-called "order-wise chemical inventory"). Currently, the suppliers are not willing to pass this on to DELTEX. As a result, DELTEX is faced with the problem of having no knowledge of the materials used in the garments and is thus taking a high risk. The structure of this study is based on the transdisciplinary "delta analysis" of the Society for Institutional Analysis at the University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt. This compares the target state with the actual state and derives a delta from the difference. Based on this, suitable design options are to be developed to close the delta. The study defines the target state on the basis of normative requirements and derives three criteria from this, which can be used to measure design options. By means of guideline-based interviews with experts, an online survey and literature research, it examines the current state. The analysis shows that the relevant actors are in an unfavourable incentive and barrier situation. The textile supply chain can be seen as a complex construct in which a whole series of production sites (often in developing and emerging countries where corruption and low environmental standards exist) carry out many processing steps. Chemicals are used at almost all stages of processing, some of which have harmful effects on people and the environment. At the same time, factory workers in the production countries are under enormous price and time pressure and often have insufficient know-how about chemical processes. DELTEX is dependent on its main customer and therefore has little room for price negotiations. To close this delta, the study formulates design options on macro, meso and micro levels and measures them against the developed criteria. None of the measures completely meets all the criteria, which is why a residual delta remains. The study concludes that not one, but rather a combination of several design options at all levels can achieve the target state. For DELTEX, an alliance with other textile importers, membership in the Fair Wear Foundation, strengthening the relationship with its suppliers and cooperation with another customer are recommended. Furthermore, the use of material data tools that support proactive reporting approaches such as a Full Material Declaration is recommended. The study is carried out from the perspective of the textile importer DELTEX. The results can therefore only be applied to the entire textile supply chain to a limited extent.
3
Securing Community Land Rights: Priorities & Opportunities to Advance Climate & Sustainable Development Goals. Rights and Resources Initiative, October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/qfuj1241.
Full textAbstract:
Today, insecure tenure rights threaten the livelihoods and wellbeing of a third of the world’s population, and with it, the very future of our planet. As the historical stewards of the world’s lands and forests, Indigenous Peoples, local communities, and rural women play a critical role in the management and sustainable use of globally significant natural resource systems. In effect, protecting their rights protects everyone’s right to live in a more just, prosperous, and verdant world. Governments, however, have so far been slow to recognize and secure the collective land and resource rights of rural communities. As a result, even though Indigenous Peoples and local communities customarily claim and manage over 50 percent of the world’s lands, they legally own just 10 percent. In order to eliminate poverty; prevent the spread of social and political conflicts; and ensure progress toward global climate, conservation, and development goals, urgent actions are needed to redress this fundamental injustice. Fortunately, the world has never been better positioned to close this gap.