Relevant bibliographies by topics / Custody conditions

Academic literature on the topic 'Custody conditions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 22 June 2024

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Custody conditions":

1

Rahman, Basim. "Conditions of Custody and its Implications in Islamic Jurisprudence." Islamic Sciences Journal 12, no. 3 (March 17, 2023): 112–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jis.21.12.3.1.6.

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This study aims to show the importance of a suitable environment for the child and taking care of him, and that he must live in the confinement of his parents and their protection, and the effect of custody on Looking after the child and the role of the mother in that, and the negative consequences that result if he loses this nursery. So custody is the upbringing of those who are not independent by doing What works for him and protects him from what harms him, such as undertaking to wash his body, clothes, ointments, and eyeliner, tie him in the cradle, and so on: Among the general conditions of custody that must be available in the incubator, whether he is a man or a woman, is, Islam and maturity, The conditions for women are not to be married to a foreigner, and the conditions for men to have with the incubator, whether the father or other incubator, someone who takes custody of the child. The most important reasons that lead to the loss of custody are the abandonment of the mother from the child, as well as the divorce and apostasy from Islam.
2

Rofiq, Muhammad Khoirur. "PEMBERIAN HAK ASUH ANAK DALAM PERCERAIAN KARENA PERALIHAN AGAMA (MURTAD)." Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities 6, no. 2 (October 28, 2021): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/jish.v6i2.8171.

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Divorce due to apostasy causes child custody issues, is religion or the welfare of the child a priority? This study is a qualitative normative legal research with a juridical approach and a case approach. Primary data in this study are seven decisions of the Religious Courts regarding divorce by apostate parents and the determination of child custody. This paper focuses on examining (1) judges' considerations in determining custody of children in divorce due to apostasy, (2) patterns of granting custody of children in divorce due to apostasy. This research results in (1) The judge considers the conditions of the parties with three priority conditions for determining child custody, namely Islam, morals, and the ability to care for children. (2) the pattern of granting custody of children in divorce due to apostasy is (a) Islam becomes a priority requirement in determining child custody (b) if Islamic requirements are not met, then the moral requirements and the ability to care for the benefit of the child will be prioritized. The panel of judges will analyze the conditions of both parents to determine what is best for the child, even though custody is given to the apostate parent.
3

Kerr, Lisa. "Sentencing Ashley Smith: How Prison Conditions Relate to the Aims of Punishment." Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 32, no. 02 (August 2017): 187–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cls.2017.14.

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Abstract Ashley Smith’s experience in the adult prison system flowed from certain of its systemic features. This article considers whether and how it is possible to reconcile the basic commitments of sentencing law, including the legal aims of punishment, with that systemic portrait. The youth court that ordered Smith’s transfer to adult custody relied upon an idealized conception of adult imprisonment, just as ordinary adult sentencing courts do. Judges purport to stipulate the severity of punishment, but tend not to consider how prison conditions will shape the severity of the sanction. Even where a particular defendant is likely to face unique difficulties in custody, courts tend to take notice in limited and rare ways. Smith’s experience in adult custody challenges us to more clearly identify, and to consider extending, doctrinal sentencing rules that represent a judicial concern with the effects and prospects of imprisonment in particular cases.
4

Stojković, Vesna. "Custody in criminal proceedings: Legal grounds and procedure." Glasnik Advokatske komore Vojvodine 79, no. 9 (2007): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gakv0705119s.

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A very important issue for the normal, smooth flow of criminal procedure is an immediate presence of some persons in criminal procedure, in the first place of the accused. The actions and measures of the criminal court undertaken in order to provide the immediate presence of the accused are the following: call, bringing of the accused, measures of monitoring, caution and the most severe one - temporary arrest (custody). These measures for securing the presence of the accused and for the normal flow of criminal proceedings are placed in the new Criminal Procedural Law of Montenegro in the part devoted to general issues, unlike before when these actions were placed in the part with investigation, since these measures are now undertaken not only during investigation but also during the entire criminal procedure. The reasons for these changes as well as for repeal of some earlier solutions of the Criminal Procedural Law concerning custody lie in the necessity to implement some solutions from modern criminal procedural laws of European countries as well as to implement relevant solutions from European Declaration on Human Rights, to improve human rights and to reach European human rights standards. The three most important changes related to the custody are the following: legal conditions for imposing custody jurisdiction for imposing custody and duration of custody. As far as the legal conditions for imposing custody are concerned, they are now more favorable for the accused, and the compulsory arrest is practically repealed. Now, only the criminal court is in charge to impose custody. And the last but not the least important issue •- during the whole criminal procedure the duration of custody is legally limited and strictly controlled by the court.
5

Nazemi, Mahdi, and Abbas Ali Salehi. "Investigating the Custody in Shiite Jurisprudence and Civil Rights in France." Journal of Politics and Law 9, no. 7 (August 30, 2016): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v9n7p230.

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Custody in Islam is the procedure for child rearing, which effects his physical and material context. What kept custody of the child apart from other issues, is attention to the spiritual dimension of the child and considering the child needs. Child custody and disputes on it leads to be an important issue for parents in countries civil law. In civil rights it becomes as well as the important of religious orders and opinions of jurists, in this regard recommendations are provided on how to improve the supervision and laws of our country's children for a better life. Therefore, in this case, it is needed to examine the legal opinion regarding to the custody of the two legal systems of Iran and France. The first custody must be investigated and have priority to the custody of the father or mother. In Iranian Civil Code the right and duty of parents in custody knows some right and some homework. In French Civil Code custody of parents towards children in all areas of life for the growth, maintenance and education of children is common and conspicuous aspects of its obligatory. The exercise of the custody right is shared between parents and conditions are considered the parent with custody situations where their absence is excused. Parents under certain circumstances can have the right to self-disclaimer or leave to a third party to ask the court about the right.
6

Anand, Ghansham, Dinda Silviana Putri, Xavier Nugraha, Julienna Hartono, and Melati Ayu Pusparani. "Legal Implications on Cancellation of Agreements Made Prior to Custody for Good Faith Land Buyers." PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 9, no. 2 (2022): 253–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v9n2.a6.

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This study aims to analyze the construction of the cancellation of the land purchase agreement and legal protection for the seller in land purchases before the custody. The study used statute, case, and conceptual approaches. It focuses on the concept of custody and good faith. After analyzing the relevant legal sources, it is known that, on the one hand, Article 447 of the Indonesian Civil Code allows for the retroactive application of the custody in some conditions: (1) the custody is due to unwise, mental disorder, and irrational; and (2) the reasons underlying the custody had existed at the time the legal action is taken. The implementation of Article 447 can cancel land purchases made before the custody. On the other hand, the state must protect the buyer’s principle of good faith even though the seller is an unauthorized person. Article 447 must be applied because (1) the Indonesian Civil Code is a positive law that must be enforced; (2) people who are placed under custody are more at risk of experiencing losses in land purchases, and (3) construction of good faith land buyers cannot be applied because there are fewer parties.
7

Świderski, Krzysztof. "Konstytucyjny model pieczy nad zawodami zaufania publicznego." Studia Prawa Publicznego, no. 1 (45) (March 15, 2024): 61–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/spp.2024.1.45.3.

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The article presents selected problems concerning custody for persons with professions of public trust. First, attention is drawn to the historical understanding of custody. In the past, custody was perceived as a manifestation of managing administration. The current way of thinking about custody results from the custody model contained in Art. 17 section 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. Exercising custody is one of the forms of coercive professional self-governing body activity. Custody is exercised by an entity endowed with administrative power, which is a component of public authorities. The purpose of custody is to protect the public interest, understood primarily as building public trust. The basic factors that build public trust are high professionalism of services, the obligation to maintain professional secrecy, and providing citizens with full information about the service provided. Activities undertaken as part of the exercise of custody serve the purpose of enhancing and protecting public trust. Custody is exercised with regard to persons performing professions of public trust. Such persons remain outside the public administration and perform professional activities on their own account and in their own name. These are private individuals that render specialized services which are important from the point of view of the basic goods of an individual, such as health, property interests or personal rights. Administrative custody is exercised to ensure that the needs of citizens are properly met. The competent professional self-government bodies should ensure the conditions for providing citizens with the best quality services in the field of health care, legal protection, property protection and wherever public safety is concerned. Exercising custody by professional self-governments makes it possible to interfere with authority in socially important activities undertaken by persons outside the structures of public administration.
8

Yanovska, Oleksandra G., Alyona V. Chugaevska, and Mykhailo S. Ivanov. "CARGOCULTISM OF PSYCHIATRIC CARE IN CUSTODY." Wiadomości Lekarskie 74, no. 11 (2021): 2916–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202111210.

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The aim: To analyze the features of the realization mechanism of the persons’ rights who have become ill with a mental illness and are in the detention of adequate (equivalent) medical care. Materials and methods: A set of general and special methods of scientific knowledge were used. The study’s empirical basis consists of international acts and standards in the field of health care, statistics of the United Kingdom, France, the United States, some countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, reports of international organizations, the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights. The study also used the personal experience of one of the co-authors as a lawyer for more than 20 years and 4 years as a judge of the Supreme Court. Results: The conducted research gives grounds to state that for the last few decades the problem of receiving psychiatric care in conditions of imprisonment remains relevant. This situation is partly due to the fact that the certain standards’ content is subject to clarification, as it is contained in optional international instruments or is given some understanding solely through the practice of the ECHR. Given the implementation of the prisoners’ right of access to psychiatric care is entrusted primarily to penitentiary institution’s administration, attention should be paid to methodological, material, and staffing of their work while introducing maximum openness of psychiatric care’s algorithms to prisoners and facilitating access to legal aid for the mentally ill. Conclusions: Creating external attributes of mechanisms to ensure the convicts’ right to psychiatric care, the relevant national mechanisms do not take into account the specifics of the detained persons’ legal status. Such a superficial imitation of the system of guarantees of the prisoners’ rights to medical care is a kind of cargo cultism of public institutions, which is designed to provide non-discriminatory conditions for the realization of the right to health care for all categories of the population.
9

Maryanih, Maryanih, Andi Akram, and Syarif Fadillah. "Analisis Hukum terhadap Penetapan Kuasa Asuh Anak sebagai Akibat Perceraian (Analisa Hukum Pasal 156 Kompilasi Hukum Islam)." Jurnal Hukum Jurisdictie 3, no. 1 (June 2, 2021): 117–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.34005/jhj.v3i1.43.

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Divorce has legal consequences, such the distribution of marital property, and child custody. In the Compilation of Islamic Law, child custody must be seen from the child condition, where in the provisions of Article 105, it is known that child custody must see whether the condition of mummayiz or not. For children who are not yet mummayiz, the custody of the child is given priority to the biological mother, but it is not uncommon where in divorce cases, the child is not yet mummayiz, the custody rights are delegated to his biological father, so the purpopse in this study, is intended to examine and analyzing the position of child custody due to legal divorce consequences according to the Compilation of Islamic Law and who has the right of child custody due to legal consequences of divorce. This study uses a normative research method, with the data used is secondary in the form of library data. The results of the study indicate that the position of parents in child custody due to the legal consequences of divorce according to the Compilation of Islamic Law, is based on Article 105 and Article 156 of the Compilation of Islamic Law, where the hadhanah of the child, the biological mother is preferred, but if there are certain conditions based on Article 156 of the Compilation Islamic law, where the hadhanah holder cannot guarantee the physical and spiritual safety of the child, of course the child's hadhanah can be transferred.
10

Camp, Scott D., and Dawn M. Daggett. "Correctional and Treatment Staff Attitudes Toward Reentry." Criminal Justice Review 41, no. 4 (September 22, 2016): 393–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016816665155.

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Staff support of agency mission is an accepted axiom in organizational research. This analysis examined staff attitudes toward reentry preparation in a large prison system. Analysis examined whether local conditions at different prisons had an impact upon average views about the importance of reentry efforts. The study also investigated whether local conditions across prisons mediated differences between custody and treatment staff evaluations of reentry importance. Multilevel models demonstrated that average levels of reentry importance did vary across prisons, but the gap between custody and treatment staff evaluations was consistent across prisons.
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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Custody conditions' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Custody conditions":

1

Slimani, Sandra. "L’accès aux soins des personnes incarcérées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA080061.

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Près de trente ans après le transfert de la prise en charge sanitaire des personnes incarcérées au ministère de la Santé, les données disponibles laissent toujours apparaître une situation contrastée. En témoignent les rapports alarmants du contrôleur général des lieux de privation de liberté et la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme. La France est confrontée à un phénomène de surpopulation qui concourt en grande partie à l’indignité des conditions de détention et à l’ineffectivité de leurs droits. Le milieu carcéral infléchit le droit à l’accès aux soins, tandis que l’état de santé du détenu influence l’exécution de sa peine. La question centrale qui se pose alors est celle de savoir si ce droit ne s’arrête pas aux portes des établissements pénitentiaires ? ... La première partie de la thèse procède à une analyse des caractéristiques et des difficultés inhérentes à la population carcérale, mais également à la prison, permettant de mettre en évidence la nécessité d’un droit spécifique à l’accès aux soins. Les établissements pénitentiaires, outre leur fonction initiale tenant à la préparation et à l’exécution des décisions judiciaires, sont devenus des lieux de prise en charge sanitaire des personnes que la société peine de plus en plus à assumer. Les contraintes carcérales restent par ailleurs au premier plan : impératifs de sécurité, surpopulation, établissements vétustes et insalubres, moyens budgétaires, matériels et humains insuffisants. Elles sont autant de freins au plein exercice des droits fondamentaux reconnus à tout patient. La personne incarcérée, à l’état de santé plus dégradé que la population générale, n’est pas un patient comme les autres. Elle se trouve dans une situation de double vulnérabilité en ce qu’elle est un malade dépendant de l’administration pénitentiaire. ... L’objet de la deuxième partie s’attache à la fragile conquête du statut de patient en faveur des prisonniers. Si l’impulsion internationale et européenne est certaine, elle n’a que timidement contribué à transposer les droits des personnes malades et des usagers du système de santé à l’égard de la population carcérale. Les pratiques ont évolué, mais la mise en conformité de la prison avec le droit commun demeure lacunaire, en dépit de l’intervention du législateur et de l’élargissement du contrôle des juges nationaux. Il existe une distorsion entre les droits reconnus et leur effectivité, ce qui fait de la prise en charge sanitaire des personnes incarcérées un véritable enjeu de santé publique. ... L’État est par conséquent tenu de réexaminer ses modalités d’action et de redéfinir ses dispositions législatives afin qu’elles ne deviennent pas elles-mêmes source d’atteintes. Un projet de loi devrait être déposé dans ce sens, pour ne plus faire de la prison une cause de perte de chance pour le patient détenu
Nearly thirty years after the transfer of the health care of prisoners to the Ministry of Health, the available data still reveal a contrasting situation. This is demonstrated by the alarming reports from the Controller General for Places of Deprivation of Liberty and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. France is confronted with a phenomenon of overcrowding which largely contributes to the unworthiness of the custody conditions and the ineffectiveness of their rights. The prison environment influences the right to care access, while the prisoner's state of health influences the execution of his sentence. The key issue which then arises is whether this right does not stop at the gates of jails ? ...The first part of the thesis proceeds to an analysis of the features and difficulties inherent to the prison population but also to the prison itself, making it possible to highlight the need for a specific public health policy. In addition to their initial function relating to the preparation and execution of judicial decisions, jails have become places of health care for people whom society is finding them more complicated to take on. Prison constraints remain at the forefront : security imperatives, overcrowding, dilapidated and unsanitary establishments, insufficient financial, material and human resources. They are obstacles to the full exercise of the fundamental rights granted to all patients. The prisoner, in a worse state of health than the general population, is not a patient like the others. He is in a situation of double vulnerability in that he is a patient dependent on the jail administration. ... The object of the second part focuses on the fragile conquest of patient status for prisoners. If the international and european impetus is certain, it has only slowly contributed to transposing the rights of sick people and users of the health system with regard to the prison population. Practices have evolved, but the prison compliance with the common law remains incomplete, despite the intervention of the legislator and the extension of the control of national judges. There is a distortion between recognized rights and their effectiveness, which makes the health care of prisoners a real public health issue. ... Therefore, the State have to reconsider its methods of action and to redefine its legislation so that they do not themselves become a source of violations. A bill should be tabled in this direction, to no longer make prison a cause of loss of opportunity for the detained patient
2

Newman, Michael John 1976. "Design and control of a Universal Custom Power Conditioner (UCPC)." Monash University, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5651.

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3

Bagabo, Paul Wambi. "Commitment to the East African community customs union protocol, 2004-2009." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3731/.

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The thesis analyses commitment to the EAC customs union protocol. In contrast to previous studies, this research compares state preferences at the negotiation stage with their adherence to each provision in the protocol during the transposition, enforcement and application stages of the protocol. Based on data from fifty semi-structured interviews plus secondary sources, the analysis reveals that partner states are more successful at adhering to the customs related- than trade related provisions in the protocol. Drawing on enforcement, management and constructivist approaches in integration literature, the research identifies three factors that explain inadequate commitment by partner states: the weakness of the EAC secretariat’s monitoring and sanctioning system, strategic preferences of partner states to protect domestic business interests, and overlapping membership to multiple regional arrangements with different rules which affects adequate interpretation and compliance with the protocol. The findings call for more attention to the concept of ‘completeness’ of transposition and show that a disaggregated level of analysis that takes the preferences of partner states at the negotiation stage into consideration better accounts for the inadequate commitment to regional directives. The findings call for larger multi-sectoral case studies and include assessment of the design of regional arrangements.
4

Davie, Neil A. J. "Custom and conflict in a Wealden village : Pluckley 1550-1700." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a39fbf1a-88ce-4ba3-a53a-d649587c4a6d.

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This thesis aims to determine the relationship between demographic/socio-economic and cultural change in an early modern English village. The village of Pluckley in the Weald of Kent was chosen for the richness of surviving documentation both at a regional and a parochial level. This has enabled Pluckley's experience over the 150-year period after 1550 to be located in the context of regional developments, thus permitting a fuller appreciation of the significance of such micro-history to the national life of the period. Pluckley's geographical location on the boundary between scarpland and wealden Kent resulted in a relative shortage of common, waste and forest suitable for encroachment or squatting. This spared the village the high levels of immigration found in many woodland-pasture communities, but considerable indigenous population growth during the 1590s-1620s needed to be accomodated. This required the sub-division of many existing holdings; a process made possible by the expansion of textile manufacture in the region. The result was two-fold: a consolidation in the position of small husbandmen and craftsmen in the village at the expense of more substantial landholders; and an increase in the numerical importance of Pluckley's poorest strata -labourers, cottagers, poor craftsmen and widows. Two responses to the interlocking demographic and economic crisis of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries can be observed. One was the emigration of perhaps ten per cent of Pluckley's households in the three decades following the industrial crisis of 1630-1. The other was revealed in the apparent resentment of some village officeholders -many of them middling farmers not immune to the financial pressures of the period- to the increased burden posed by the expanding population of poor in the village. This resentment found expression in an attempt to tighten standards of sexual and marital conduct during the period 1590-1640. There is no evidence, however/ that sustained reforming activity in the village extended beyond sexual regulation to other 'disorders' associated by contemporaries with popular culture. Relatively low levels of poverty in the village (compared with elsewhere in mid-Kent) may have hindered the emergence of a powerful Puritan lobby bent on such reforms; though fissures within Pluckley's ruling elite as well as demographic and economic developments may have played their part in the continuing weakness of the 'godly' cause.
5

Partlow, Adam. "A knowledge based engineering system for the prescription and manufacture of custom contoured seating for clients with severe musculoskeletal and postural conditions." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2014. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/a-knowledge-based-engineering-system-for-the-prescription-and-manufacture-of-custom-contoured-seating-for-clients-with-severe-musculoskeletal-and-postural-conditions(d6dbc8e7-3874-4f1a-a824-1583b0250f52).html.

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This thesis presents a study into the feasibility of applying a Knowledge Based Engineering System to the manufacture and prescription of custom contoured seating. The custom contoured seats are designed to meet the needs of clients of Cardiff and Vale University Health Board’s Rehabilitation Engineering Unit who have neurological, musculoskeletal and/or other conditions that result in limited movement, complex body shapes and poor posture. The custom contoured seats provide accommodation or correction for poor posture whilst improving the client’s function and comfort level, minimising risk to the client and in some cases providing therapeutic benefits such as improving the client’s unsupported posture. The literature review showed that there is not currently a technique in development or envisaged that would perform the task of the system being investigated in this thesis. Three techniques were identified, two for the prescription of wheelchairs based on a series of extensive questions, the output of which is a wheelchair with no custom contoured seating. The third technique converts pressure readings of clients with low complexity conditions sitting on a flat surface into a custom contoured seat. The client group being investigated in this study are unable to sit unsupported and would not be able to provide a meaningful pressure reading when held in position due to the shape of most of the clients’ bodies. Algorithms were developed to extract useful features from Cardiff and Vale University Health Board’s Rehabilitation Engineering Unit’s mechanical shape sensor; which is called the Cardiff Body Match. The features extracted from the measurements were designed to reduce the dimensionality of the data and inform a clinical engineer as to the anthropometry of the client seated in the Cardiff Body Match mechanical shape sensor. The algorithms developed were able to correct errors in measurements, estimate the location of pelvic landmarks and provide a classification of the curvature of the back. Engineering rules were elicited from clinical engineers at Cardiff and Vale University Health Board’s Rehabilitation Engineering Unit and from the literature. The engineering rules were described in plain English and represented using a novel approach based on notations used in predicate calculus. The engineering rules’ application was tested and the shape of a custom contoured seat that could be produced with the Knowledge Based Engineering System was demonstrated. This study has shown that through further research a Knowledge Based Engineering System for the manufacture and prescription of custom contoured seating for clients of Cardiff and Vale University Health Board’s Rehabilitation Engineering Unit is possible. This thesis contributes to the knowledge by demonstrating the feasibility of the Knowledge Based Engineering System, developing the bespoke algorithms and the novel collection of knowledge through elicitation.
6

Gibson, David, N. B. Penrose, Michael Doerr, and Gary Borgen. "HSTSS-DAC CUSTOM INTEGRATED CIRCUITS FOR SUBMINIATURE PCM TELEMETRY AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608711.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
To meet specific test and evaluation requirements, the Hardened Subminiature Telemetry and Sensor Systems (HSTSS) program is addressing the miniaturization and ‘G’ hardening of telemetry components. Two custom Integrated Circuits (ICs) are in development to support the design of miniature Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) systems with up to 128 analog input channels. This paper describes the design and development of the custom IC chips of the HSTSS Data Acquisition Chipset (DAC). The original requirements, the roll of the Integrated Product Team (IPT), design decisions, a discussion of the additional features, and practical limitations of the Data Acquisition Chipset will be covered.
7

Lai, Siu Kay Stephen. "Struggling against social disadvantages : the life stories of six "new immigrant families" in Hong Kong in the 1990's." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1999. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/133.

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8

Boni, Stefano. "Hierarchy in twentieth-century Sefwi (Ghana)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c3238187-7e9d-465d-b9e4-63ea1ad7eda1.

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The dissertation aims to provide an understanding of the relation between political-economic power and the attribution of social value in twentieth-century Sefwi (Ghana). The existing literature on relations of dominance amongst the Akan has flaws: works examine single relations of dominance in isolation; studies focus mostly on discontinuity and change; peripheral areas are neglected. In the dissertation these issues are addressed. Hierarchy is used as an analytical tool which enables one to link diverse expressions of dominance; the persistence of certain hierarchical patterns throughout the twentieth century is analysed alongside transformations; and the focus is on Sefwi, a marginal region of the Akan world. The dissertation is divided into five sections. The introduction presents the methodological and theoretical approach adopted in the work. Part one is concerned with change in hierarchical patterns: twentieth-century dynamics are analysed to determine the extent of change with reference to chiefly power, capitalist.relations and gender issues. Part two shows that unequal relations inform three hierarchical domains -ancestry, gender and seniority. Part three addresses the issue of the coherence and unity of hierarchy by examining modes of organization of experience that cut across the three domains of inequality: reference is made to the use of kinship terms; concepts of ownership, caretakership and help; recourse to the supernatural; food and drink transactions. In the conclusion, Sefwi hierarchy is examined in a wider comparative and theoretical perspective with reference to the notions of 'encompassing of the contrary' (Dumont) and 'fetishization' (Marx).
9

Akuupa, Michael Uusiku. "Checking the Kulcha: Local discourse of culture in the Kavango region in Namibia." Thesis, University of Westen Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7832_1204118330.

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This thesis makes an ethnographic contribution to the anthropological debates about the contested nature of &lsquo
culture&rsquo
as a central term in the discipline. It examines discourses as tools that create, recreate, modify and transmit culture. The research was done in the town of Rundu in Kavango region, northeastern Namibia. In attempting to understand the local notions of culture this study focused on two main events: the Independence Day celebration on 21 March 2006 and a funeral that was held earlier in the month of January. During the study two particular media through which cultural ideas are negotiated, language and clothing were observed.

10

McNeil, Charles A. "Carved from stone? : community life and work in Barre, Vermont, 1900-1922." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61921.

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Books on the topic "Custody conditions":

1

Ombudsman, Victoria. Conditions for persons in custody. Melbourne, VIC: Ombudsman Victoria, 2006.

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Kenna, Rudolph. In custody: A companion to Strathclyde Police Museum. Glasgow: Strathclyde Police in association with Clutha Books, 1998.

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Lewis, Mie. Custody and control: Conditions of confinement in New York's juvenile prisons for girls. New York: Human Rights Watch, 2006.

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Mie, Lewis, Human Rights Watch (Organization), and American Civil Liberties Union, eds. Custody and control: Conditions of confinement in New York's juvenile prisons for girls. New York: Human Rights Watch, 2006.

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Lewis, Mie. Custody and control: Conditions of confinement in New York's juvenile prisons for girls. New York: Human Rights Watch, 2006.

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Henderson, James D. Protective custody management in adult correctional facilities: A discussion of causes, conditions, attitudes, and alternatives. [Washington, D.C.?]: National Institute of Corrections, 1990.

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Australia. Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody., ed. Aboriginal deaths in custody: Response by governments to the Royal Commission. Canberra: Australian Govt. Pub. Service, 1992.

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Robert, Castles, Cannon Mary, and State Library of Victoria, eds. Aboriginal deaths in custody: A collection of articles and a detailed bibliography. Melbourne: State Library of Victoria, 1994.

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Andrée, Côté, Federal/Provincial/Territorial Family Law Committee (Canada), National Association of Women and the Law., and Ontario Women's Network on Custody & Access., eds. Brief to the Federal, Provincial, Territorial Family Law Committee on custody, access and child support. Ottawa: National Association of Women and the Law, 2001.

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Brunton, R. Black suffering, white guilt?: Aboriginal disadvantage and the Royal Commission into Deaths in Custody. West Perth, WA, Australia: Institute of Public Affairs, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Custody conditions":

1

Peráček, Tomáš, Boris Mucha, and Patrícia Brestovanská. "Legislative Aspects of Custody of Securities in the Conditions of the Slovak Republic." In Finance and Sustainability, 237–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34401-6_20.

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Merla, Laura, Jonathan Dedonder, Bérengère Nobels, and Sarah Murru. "The SOHI: Operationalizing a New Model for Studying Teenagers’ Sense of Home in Post-divorce Families." In European Studies of Population, 155–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68479-2_8.

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AbstractThis chapter explores the important question of whether, and under which conditions, children alternating between two distinct family dwellings can develop a sense of home that might nourish a sense of belonging to their sometimes, complex family configurations. We first present a theoretical framework to understand the various dimensions that influence children’s sense of home in shared custody arrangements, building on Hashemnezhad et al. (2013)’s work. We then show how this framework can be operationalized in quantitative research. For this purpose, we introduce the Sense of Home Instrument (SOHI), a new instrument for measuring the impact of material and behavioral-relational dimensions on teenagers’ sense of home at their mothers’ and fathers’. We then illustrate its relevance and value with supporting analyses of data collected through a survey conducted with Belgian adolescents aged between 11 and 18. In doing so, we propose new avenues for research on the consequences of divorce and separations for children’s identity construction and belonging, where the spatiality of family life is taken into-account.
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Gupanova, Yuliya E., and Galina I. Goremykina. "Measurement of Customs Performance in Conditions of Customs Institute Intellectualization." In Technological Trends in the AI Economy, 279–88. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7411-3_30.

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Ghosh, Arindam, and Gerard Ledwich. "Unified Power Quality Conditioner." In Power Quality Enhancement Using Custom Power Devices, 379–406. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1153-3_10.

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Chopei Viktoriia, S., G. Vitriak Oksana, P. Reznik Nadiia, P. Gogulya Olga, O. Borys Yazlyuk, and Y. Brych Vasyl. "Customs Logistics in the Conditions of War in Ukraine." In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, 581–87. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51997-0_49.

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Gift, Helen C. "Social factors in oral health promotion." In Oral Health Promotion, 65–102. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192620033.003.0003.

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Abstract The purpose of this chapter is to consider the range of social factors which are either correlates or determinants of oral health, oral disease prevention, or health promotion strategies. Social factors represent customs, values, and behaviours of cultures, societies, and social networks, and arise, directly or indirectly, from the associations of individuals with each other, social groups, and society.1 Social factors are associated with many of the major processes that lead to oral diseases or dysfunction, including: exposure of individuals to conditions that lead to illness; susceptibility of people to disease; socially determined habits, customs, and values; as well as general social changes such as economic cycles and technological development which alter resources and ultimately health.
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Ramakrishna, K., A. Rajamani, and S. Narayanan. "Development of Computerized on Line Condition Monitoring of Rotating Machinery — A Custom Based Approach." In Rotordynamics ’92, 76–83. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1979-1_10.

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Zhan, Bohua, Yuheng Fan, Weiqiang Xiong, and Runqing Xu. "Iscalc: An Interactive Symbolic Computation Framework (System Description)." In Automated Deduction – CADE 29, 577–89. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38499-8_33.

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AbstractThe need to verify symbolic computation arises in diverse application areas. In this paper, based on earlier work on verifying computation of definite integrals in , we present a tool for performing a variety of symbolic computations interactively, taking a middle ground in terms of easy of use and rigor between computer algebra systems and interactive theorem provers. The tool supports user-level definitions and dependency among computations, allowing construction and reuse of custom theories. Side conditions are checked on a best-effort basis. The tool is applied to highly non-trivial computations from the textbook Inside Interesting Integrals.
9

Smart, Huw. "Conditions of Detention." In Blackstone’s Custody Officers’ Manual. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199681822.003.0005.

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This chapter elaborates on the conditions of detention as per Code C of the Codes of Practice. The Codes of Practice provide specific guidelines as to the accommodation provided in a custody office and the comfort of detained persons. Thus, the guidance should be viewed as a minimum requirement in relation to the detainee's welfare. The chapter explains that Custody officers should be mindful of their duty to comply with the Equality Act 2010 and the impact of the Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007. It notes the role of the independent custody visitor, in the protection of the welfare of detainees at the custody office.
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Corre, Neil, and David Wolchover. "Failing to Surrender and Breaching Conditions." In Bail in Criminal Proceedings, 199–240. Oxford University PressOxford, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199264759.003.0005.

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Abstract The counterpart of the right to bail is self-evidently a duty of the bailed person to surrender to custody at the appointed time and this is expressly written into the BA 1976, s. 3(1) of which provides: ‘A person granted bail in criminal proceedings shall be under a duty to surrender to custody . . .’ The duty is enforceable in two ways. The first is by arresting the absconder. A person bailed by the police under a duty to surrender to a constable may be arrested without a warrant: PACE 1984, s. 46A.

Conference papers on the topic "Custody conditions":

1

Potten, Gary. "Realizing Value from Adherence to Crude Oil Custody Transfer Automatic Sampling Standards." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207168-ms.

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Abstract The successful implementation of a crude oil custody transfer sampling system is a key component to achieving a desired measurement uncertainty for a crude oil metering station or loading/unloading point. Our analysis of thousands of installations worldwide provides practical examples of how operators can be confident that when they install a sampling system, it will deliver the uncertainty that they need to meet the overall custody transfer requirements. Crude oil sampling for custody transfer becomes more challenging as production flow rates decline, oil fields mature, and water cut content increases. It is therefore important that the performance of a sampling system is evaluated on a regular basis and that any limitations are identified. Any risk of change in performance or measurement uncertainty can then be prioritized or minimized. International standards and contracts determine the allowable uncertainty for net oil (oil minus water) for custody transfer/allocation. For accurate allocation of the sources of crude oil or the application of tax tariffs, fluids must be measured prior to being comingled. Automatic crude oil sampling can be challenging because it can require high-energy mixing with low power consumption and negligible pressure loss to overcome stratification and allow representative sampling. The certification, or "proving", of the sampling system provides a basis for establishing and verifying the system's true uncertainty at worst case conditions. There is an abundance of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and studies on crude oil (and water) mixing. However, these are abstract because of the uncertainty in where the water is located and how it may be dispersed at the boundary conditions of any simulation. To provide more robust simulations, we expanded on the established methods by combining simulation data with known theoretical calculations and engineering laboratory test data as well as hundreds of certifications (proving) results from around the world. Automatic sampling systems using dynamic mixing technology delivers a unique solution that enables operators to minimize the quality measurement uncertainty, improve overall balance, and reduce financial loss (and unaccounted for) in custody transfer quality measurements.
2

Cruz de Oliveira, Elcio. "Pressure Influence in LPG Measurements by Uncertainty Evaluation." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31019.

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In Brazil, National Metrology Institute, INMETRO, elaborated an N° 64 Ordinance, on April 11th 2003 [1], based on OIML [2]. This document approves the Metrological Technical Regulation, establishing the metrological and technical requirements applicable to measurement systems supplied with flow meters used in the measurement of oil, its derivatives liquid, alcohol anhydrous and hydrous alcohol fuel. For custody transfer purposes, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) volumes are generally stated at a fixed base temperature and saturation pressure. As most volume transfers occur at temperatures and pressures other than standard conditions, these volumes are adjusted to standard conditions through the use of correction factors. The measurement uncertainty of these custody transfer systems must be controlled. Based in norms ASTM, IP, ISO and API – MPMS, the mathematical model for the calculation of the volume, it basically depends on quantities as: K factor, density, pulse number, turbine meter factor, temperature and pressure corrections. This work develops a methodology to calculate the LPG mass uncertainty that is completely different form the other liquid oil derivatives. This work details this calculation showing the complex temperature and pressure algorithms, including the equilibrium bubble point pressure. Based on this methodology, it is noticed that the pressure uncertainty contribution is not less than 43% overall the process and the expanded uncertainty is less than 1%, as required by INMETRO.
3

Tian, Xiaocui, Xiaokai Xing, Rui Chen, Shubao Pang, and Liu Yang. "Calculation Method of Natural Gas Compressibility Factor and its Application in Pipeline Trade." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33258.

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In the custody transfer metering of natural gas, it’s necessary to transform gas volume from metering state into standard state. Natural gas is non-ideal gas, and its compressibility factor varies with different components, temperature and pressure. So the accuracy of its calculation has direct impact on that of natural gas metering, and then affects the economic benefits of the enterprise [1]. According to related standard of China, in the custody transfer metering of natural gas, the formula stipulated by AGA NO.8 should be adopted to calculate compressibility factor. But the components of natural gas must be monitored at all times when this method is used, and the calculation process is complicated. In practical operation of natural gas trade, compressibility factor changes because of frequent adjustment of pipeline operating conditions. In order to simplify the calculation, simplified formula is applied to calculate compressibility factor generally, but it’s difficult to guarantee the accuracy at the same time. In this paper, the simplified formula, which is used for calculating natural gas compressibility factor of a joint-stock natural gas pipeline of CNPC, is modified with the standard formula stipulated by AGA NO.8. After the modification, an empirical formula of compressibility factor calculation applicable to this pipeline system is proposed, whereby the accuracy of compressibility factor calculation is improved. When the modified one is applied to natural gas trade, the accuracy of metering is improved likewise.
4

Boschi, A., E. Cimini, F. Pagni, L. Parracone, M. Pocai, M. Russo, and M. Spano. "RTS - 1 - Galilei Decommissioning Project." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4661.

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The RTS-1 “Galileo Galilei” is an open pool research reactor light water moderated and cooled. It had a maximum thermal output of 5 MWth and an average thermal flux of 5 E+13 n/cm2sec. It became critical for the first time on April 1963 and it was definitely shutdown in March 1980. The reactor is situated at CISAM (Joint Centre of Studies and Military Application - Italian Ministry of Defence), S. Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy, and its decommissioning is in progress. In this paper the strategy adopted to achieve the green status of the reactor site is discussed, with particular attention on the different steps to be done according to the national laws. Emphasis is placed on the characteristics of two different conditions required, namely Passive Protective Custody, which is a step necessary to allow the decay of the radioactive materials present into the plant to decrease the radiological risk to operate safely, and Unconditioned Release, in which all the materials can be released without radiological restrictions. Another aspect discussed in this paper is the effort spent on the determination of the radioisotopic abundance of the reactor components, the personal dose evaluation due to the necessary activities to achieve two different status of “Passive Protective Custody” and “Unconditioned Release” and the waste characterisation. The necessary authorisations to start decommissioning has been obtained as far as concern the removal of spent fuel and the dismantling of some experimental equipments.
5

Omobolanle, Oluwasegun Cornelious, and Oluwatoyin Olakunle Akinsete. "A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advances in the Estimation of Natural Gas Compressibility Factor." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207083-ms.

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Abstract Accurate prediction of gas compressibility factor is essential for the evaluation of gas reserves, custody transfer and design of surface equipment. Gas compressibility factor (Z) also known as gas deviation factor can be evaluated by experimental measurement, equation of state and empirical correlation. However, these methods have been known to be expensive, complex and of limited accuracy owing to the varying operating conditions and the presence of non-hydrocarbon components in the gas stream. Recently, newer correlations with extensive application over wider range of operating conditions and crude mixtures have been developed. Also, artificial intelligence is now being deployed in the evaluation of gas compressibility factor. There is therefore a need for a holistic understanding of gas compressibility factor vis-a-vis the cause-effect relations of deviation. This paper presents a critical review of current understanding and recent efforts in the estimation of gas deviation factor.
6

Morrow, Thomas B. "Multi-Path Gas Ultrasonic Flow Meter Performance at Low Velocity." In ASME 2005 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2005-77403.

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Multi-path gas ultrasonic flow meters are used to measure the flow rate of natural gas in custody-transfer metering applications. Steady-flow tests were performed in the high-pressure loop (HPL) of the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) Metering Research Facility (MRF) flowing natural gas through two 300 mm (12-inch) diameter multi-path ultrasonic flow meters with different ultrasonic path configurations. Tests were performed with both small and large temperature differences between the flowing gas temperature and the outdoor ambient temperature. This paper presents the results of the large temperature difference tests with and without an upstream flow conditioner for one multi-path ultrasonic meter in the low-flow range of 0.15 m/s (0.5 ft/s) to 0.30 m/s (1 ft/s). Test conditions were selected to complement a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study performed by Morrison and Brar [2004,2005] at Texas A&M University. The experimental results confirm that the gas flow in the ultrasonic meter was thermally stratified (as predicted by Morrison and Brar [2004]) and show the effects of thermal stratification on path velocities, meter diagnostic path velocity ratios, and on meter accuracy. The results show that the flow conditioner was relatively ineffective in smoothing the axial velocity profile distortion caused by thermal stratification in this low velocity range.
7

Gutium, Mircea. "Perfecționarea managementului serviciului vamal." In International Scientific-Practical Conference "Economic growth in the conditions of globalization". National Institute for Economic Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36004/nier.cecg.iv.2023.17.23.

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n the period of globalization and internationalization of economic relations, customs services are actively developed, in which regulation of a specific part of the customs service moves to the international level. The quality of services the customs authorities provide influences the time needed to complete customs formalities and reduces the financial risks and costs of all participants involved in foreign economic activity. The increasing foreign trade turnover requires improving the movement and processing mechanisms of goods and services across the customs border, necessitating the active implementation of new management practices. The effect of risk management on the effectiveness of international traders and customs administrations is analyzed, as well as ways to improve them. This paper has been elaborated within the framework of the Scientific Project for the period 2020-2023, registered in the State Register of projects in the field of Science and Innovation of the Republic of Moldova with the code 20.80009.0807.29 Proiect Program de Stat ”Perfecționarea mecanismelor de aplicare instrumentelor inovaționale orientate spre creșterea durabilă a bunăstării populației Republicii Moldova” / Project State Program ”Improving the mechanisms for applying innovative instruments aimed at sustainably increasing the welfare of the population of the Republic of Moldova”.
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Salim, M. M., I. Traboulay, G. S. U. Ahmed, E. Ibrahim, S. Al Wehaibi, O. Al Hammadi, N. Ballaith, and M. Al Houqani. "Wells and Facilities Instrumentation and Automation Towards Achieving Field Intelligence." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/216366-ms.

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Abstract A well is a conduit that connects the hydrocarbon deposits in the subsurface to the facilities that transfers and processes it. Understanding the flow of oil or gas through the source rock can only be made possible from the wells itself. Aside from the flow conduits, wells are the only point of reference to understand the field wide behavior. This information is critical to manage the reservoir, ensuring sustainable production throughout the field life. Traditionally, acquiring data from the subsurface to the wellhead relies on intervention, conveying instruments downhole with wireline or coiled tubing. Though effective, this activity incurs costs, logistically challenging and only sporadically available. Surface flow parameters such as rate and pressure are usually measured by analog gauges and Barton chart measurements, which are read manually by personnel to be tabulated later. In most cases, these data can be lost without a proper data management system in place. With the advent of digital instruments, parameters such as pressure, temperature and flowrates; can now be measured automatically and transmitted to a DCS or SCADA system. Some downhole completions are now equipped with instruments that are robust and accurate to take measurements even in extreme conditions of heat and pressure. With data at high availability, engineers are now able to conduct analysis faster, applying data analytics, collaboration and decision making. The main value for Digital Oilfield (DOF) is to save time in data retrieval, analysis and decision making and allow domain engineers to perform higher analytical function and decision making, taking them out from repetitive, manual work through automation. This paper will describe the minimum instrumentations for all well types and major oil and as process facilities for real time data acquisition required to run DOF workflows. This covers subsurface wellbore to production manifold to custody transfer meters.
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Gutium, Mircea. "Perfecționarea politicilor publice privind gestionarea serviciului vamal în contextul asigurării securității naționale a Republicii Moldova." In Conference title: Economic growth in the conditions of globalization: International Scientific-Practical Conference, XVIth edition. National Institute for Economic Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36004/nier.cecg.iv.2022.16.29.

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One of the key elements of the economic security assurance system of the Republic of Moldova is the national customs service. The purpose of this paper is to identify the possibilities of improving the customs service by implementing e- governance principles. Ensuring international trade by the customs authorities of the Republic of Moldova is achieved through the efficient operation of the customs control system. Countries that are part of the global economic system, and are actively involved in international trade, are rapidly developing the customs service and digitizing it intensively. The digitization of the Customs Service will allow the acceleration of international trade and the increase of national security by stopping smuggling attempts. The World Customs Organization is actively involved in the process of developing a unique electronic customs system, which will allow the development of the international market. Finally, there will be the benefits of developing the use of new information technologies in the customs declaration and control process to improve the management of the customs service. In this study, the perception of import-export rights was analyzed in order to identify the importance of the customs service for the country's economy. This paper has been developed within the framework of the Scientific Project for the period 2020-2023, registered in the State Register of projects in the field of science and innovation of the Republic of Moldova with the code 20.80009.0807.29 Project State Program ”Improving the mechanisms for applying innovative instruments aimed at sustainably increasing the welfare of the population of the Republic of Moldova”.
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Dobrynina, Anna Sergeevna. "PROBLEMS OF CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES ACTIVITY IN MODERN CONDITIONS." In Актуальные аспекты развития современной науки. Самара: Самарский государственный экономический университет, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/cadms-2020-pp.436.

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Reports on the topic "Custody conditions":

1

Putten, Dennis van, Henk Riezebos, and Ronald Ten cate. PR-282-20601-R01 High Pressure Calibration of Turbine and USMs with an Inert Gas. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012105.

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The response of gas flow meters to different gases and the accompanied potential uncertainty increase is an important subject in industry. Multiple measurement technologies exist and are expected to behave differently under the change of gas type and when operating under different pressure. The main interest of PRCI is the response of custody transfer gas flow meters to natural gas and air in the range of pressures between atmospheric and 100 bar (1500 psi). Understanding of the response of these flow meters may enable the calibration of these meters under conditions different from the actual field condition in expense of additional uncertainty.
2

Graziano, Alejandro, Christian Volpe Martincus, and Jerónimo Carballo. Customs. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011743.

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In this paper, we estimate the effects of custom-related delays on firms'exports. In so doing, we use a unique dataset that consists of the universe of Uruguay's export transactions over the period 2002-2011 and includes precise information on the actual time it took for each of these transactions to go through customs. We account for potential endogeneity of these processing times by exploiting the conditional random allocation of shipments to different verification channels associated with the use of riskbased control procedures. Results suggest that delays have a significant negative impact on firms' exports along several dimensions. Effects are more pronounced on sales to newer buyers.
3

Dhanak, Manhar R., and Michael Chernys. Oceanographic Measurement Surveys Using a Custom AUV: Mixing Induced in the Upper Mixed Layer on a Continental Shelf during Adverse Weather Conditions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada629487.

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Dhanak, Manhar R., and Ken Holappa. Oceanographic Measurement Surveys Using a Custom AUV: Mixing Induced in the Upper Mixed Layer on a Continental Shelf During Adverse Weather Conditions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada625430.

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Dhanak, Manhar R., Ken Holappa, Michael Chernys, D. M. Farmer, and S. Vagle. Oceanographic Measurement Surveys Using a Custom AUV: Mixing Induced in the Upper Mixed Layer on a Continental Shelf During Adverse Weather Conditions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627028.

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Dhanak, Manhar R., Ken Holappa, David M. Farmer, Svein Vagle, and Michael Chernys. Oceanographic Measurement Surveys Using a Custom AUV: Mixing Induced in the Upper Mixed Layer on a Continental Shelf During Adverse Weather Conditions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627081.

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King and Jack. L51906 The Role of Redox and Corrosion Potentials in the Corrosion of Line Pipe Steel. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010374.

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A combined lab and field program has been performed to study the external corrosion behaviour of buried linepipe. The overall aim of the project was to attempt to correlate pipe damage with measurable soil properties, in particular the redox potential as measured by buried soil probes. The lab component of the project involved the measurement of weight-loss corrosion rates in three types of soil, under saturated and as-received moisture conditions, and under permanently aerobic, permanently anaerobic or cyclic anaerobic/aerobic redox conditions. The soil conditions and coupon corrosion potentials were monitored during the course of the tests. In the field component of the study, pipe-depth soil properties were monitored using permanent NOVAProbes to measure the redox potential, soil resistivity, pH and temperature. Daily readings were taken at some locations with the aid of a custom-designed datalogger. Corrosion information was obtained from buried weight-loss or electrochemical coupons, from pipe excavations or from data from repeat in-line inspection runs.
8

Tercek, Michael. Climate monitoring in the Mediterranean Coast Network 2020: Cabrillo National Monument. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294406.

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This report details the climate (temperature, precipitation, drought, and streamflow) of Cabrillo National Monument during 2020. Gridded GIS maps are used to present broad-brush conditions across the region for each month. This regional presentation is compared to detailed data from weather stations in the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN), automated meteorological stations, and data from USGS stream gages. Prior to analysis, a set of data quality control checks were performed by the author in accordance with an established National Park Service protocol. Readers can download the data used in this report and make custom climate graphs and tables of their own by visiting www.ClimateAnalyzer.org.
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Guzmán, Eduardo Alonso. Central American Report No. 1 (2000). Inter-American Development Bank, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008590.

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The Central American Common Market (CACM) comprises Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua, the signatories of the General Treaty on Economic Integration in 1960. The basic pattern of economic integration in Central America was based on a free trade area, with a common external tariff and standardized customs rules, a preferential payments system that operated until the start of the 1980s, and a scheme for the subregional coordination of economic policy. This annual report aims to facilitate access to information for a broad potential readership interested in the Central American integration process. It offers an overview of the macroeconomy in the subregion, an analysis of trade flows in the subregion, investment flows in the subregion, access conditions and other aspects of the Central American common market, and finally , other relevant issues for Central American integration.
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Staffen, Amy, Ryan P. O'Connor, Sarah E. Johnson, P. Danielle Shannon, Jason Fleener, Kelly Kearns, Hannah Panci, Mariquita Sheehan, Aaron Volkening, and Matthew Zine. Climate adaptation strategies and approaches for conservation and management of non-forested wetlands. Houghton, MI: USDA Northern Forests Climate Hub, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2019.8228725.ch.

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In a collaborative effort to advance climate adaptation resources available to wetland practitioners, the Wisconsin Initiative on Climate Change Impacts (WICCI) and the Northern Institute of Applied Climate Science (NIACS) have partnered to create adaptation resources for non-forested wetland management. This effort is also supported by the USDA Northern Forests Climate Hub. This publication provides perspectives, information, resources, and tools to wetland managers and natural resource professionals in the Midwest and Northeast regions of the United States as they endeavor to adapt natural communities and ecosystems to the anticipated effects of climate change. In this publication, we identify potential strategies and approaches that facilitate climate adaptation while meeting wetland conservation or restoration management goals and objectives. Adaptation strategies and approaches are intended to build upon current management actions that work to sustain ecosystems over the long term and support site goals while also adjusting systems to changing conditions. While it is beyond the scope of this publication to comprehensively address all potential adaptation tactics applicable to the conservation of wetlands, we provide examples to guide thinking, recognizing that individual wetland management projects have unique goals. Wetland professionals, reliant on their expertise and judgement, can use the adaptation strategies and approaches presented in this document to develop custom adaptation tactics based on the local conditions

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