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Journal articles on the topic 'Custard apple'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Inamadar, ArunC, Aparna Palit, and S. Ragunatha. "′Custard apple′ scalp." Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 76, no. 3 (2010): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0378-6323.62975.

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2

Du, Junxi, Biming Zhong, Vigasini Subbiah, Colin J. Barrow, Frank R. Dunshea, and Hafiz A. R. Suleria. "LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Profiling and Antioxidant Activity of Phenolics from Custard Apple Fruit and By-Products." Separations 8, no. 5 (May 9, 2021): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations8050062.

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Custard apple is an edible fruit grown in tropical and subtropical regions. Due to its abundant nutrient content and perceived health benefits, it is a popular food for consumption and is utilized as a medicinal aid. Although some published research had provided the phenolic compound of custard apple, the comprehensive phenolic profiling of Australian grown custard apple is limited. Hence, this research aimed to evaluate the phenolic content and antioxidant potential by various phenolic content and antioxidant assays, followed by characterization and quantification of the phenolic profile using LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and HPLC-PDA. African Pride peel had the highest value in TPC (61.69 ± 1.48 mg GAE/g), TFC (0.42 ± 0.01 mg QE/g) and TTC (43.25 ± 6.70 mg CE/g), followed by Pink’s Mammoth peel (19.37 ± 1.48 mg GAE/g for TPC, 0.27 ± 0.03 mg QE/g for TFC and 10.25 ± 1.13 mg CE/g for TTC). African Pride peel also exhibited the highest antioxidant potential for TAC (43.41 ± 1.66 mg AAE/g), FRAP (3.60 ± 0.14 mg AAE/g) and ABTS (127.67 ± 4.60 mg AAE/g), whereas Pink’s Mammoth peel had the highest DPPH (16.09 ± 0.34 mg AAE/g), RPA (5.32 ± 0.14 mg AAE/g), •OH-RSA (1.23 ± 0.25 mg AAE/g) and FICA (3.17 ± 0.18 mg EDTA/g). LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS experiment successfully characterized 85 phenolic compounds in total, encompassing phenolic acids (20), flavonoids (42), stilbenes (4), lignans (6) and other polyphenols (13) in all three parts (pulp, peel and seeds) of custard apple. The phenolic compounds in different portions of custard apples were quantified by HPLC-PDA, and it was shown that African Pride peel had higher concentrations of the most abundant phenolics. This is the first study to provide the comprehensive phenolic profile of Australian grown custard apples, and the results highlight that each part of custard apple can be a rich source of phenolics for the utilization of custard apple fruit and waste in the food, animal feeding and nutraceutical industries.

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3

Bartley, J. P. "Volatile constituents of Custard Apple." Chromatographia 23, no. 2 (February 1987): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02312888.

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4

Chudasama, J. A., N. B. Sagarka, and Satyakumari Sharma. "Deterrent effect of plant extracts against Callosobruchus maculatus on stored cowpea in Saurashtra (Gujarat, India)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i1.586.

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A laboratory study was conducted at the JAU, Junagadh (Gujarat) during 2013-14 on the deterrent effect of different aqueous plant extracts against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in stored seeds of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.). Among different aqueous extracts of plants materials, maximum percentage of oviposition deterrence was observed in custard apple seed extract (67.19%), custard apple leaf extract (65.95%), neem seed extract (65.44%), mustard seed extract (64.65%) and jatropha leaf extract (64.16%) at 5 per cent concentration. The maximum adult emergence reduction was seen in custard apple seed extract (78.45%), custard apple leaf extract (77.14%) and neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) (77.09%) at 5 per cent dose level. Minimum weight loss percentage was observed in the cowpea seeds treated with custard apple seed extract at 5% dose level, which recorded 79.20%. The results revealed that all of the tested materials with some variations had deterrent and toxic effects against the pest.

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5

Kachhadiya, Sagar, and K. Jethva. "Physico-Chemical Properties of Custard Apple." International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review 20, no. 1 (January 10, 2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2017/36626.

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6

Gonzalo, M. A., I. Moneo, P. Ventas, F. Polo, and J. M. Garcia. "IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to custard-apple." Allergy 52, no. 5 (May 1997): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb02610.x.

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7

Kumar Pokharia, Anil, B. Sekar, Jagannath Pal, and Alka Srivastava. "Possible Evidence of Pre-Columbian Transoceanic Voyages Based on Conventional LSC and AMS 14C Dating of Associated Charcoal and a Carbonized Seed of Custard Apple (Annona squamosa L.)." Radiocarbon 51, no. 3 (2009): 923–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200033993.

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An attempt was made to trace the antiquity of custard apple in India on the basis of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and liquid scintillation counting (LSC) radiocarbon dates. Recently, seed remains of custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) in association with wood charcoals were encountered from the Neolithic archaeological site of Tokwa at the confluence of the Belan and Adwa rivers, Mirzapur District, in the Vidhyan Plateau region of north-central India. The wood charcoal sample was dated at the 14C laboratory of the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany (BSIP), Lucknow, by conventional LSC 14C dating. The sample dated to 1740 cal BC (BS-2054). A seed sample of custard apple was dated by AMS at the Institute of Physics 14C laboratory, Bhubaneswar, India (3MV tandem Pelletron accelerator). Interestingly, the AMS date was given as 1520 cal BC (IOPAMS-10), showing a reasonable agreement with the LSC date carried out at BSIP. On botanical grounds, the custard apple is native to South America and the West Indies and was supposed to have been introduced in India by the Portuguese in the 16th century. The present 14C dates of the samples pushes back the antiquity of custard apple on Indian soil to the 2nd millennium BC, favoring a group of specialists proposing diverse arguments for Asian-American transoceanic contacts before the discovery of America by Columbus in AD 1492.

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8

Pinto, C. S., A. L. R. Magalhães, A. L. Teodoro, G. C. Gois, R. M. L. Véras, F. S. Campos, D. B. Nascimento, A. P. Andrade, L. P. Oliveira, and I. E. Lima. "Potential alternative feed sources for ruminant feeding from the biodiesel production chain by-products." South African Journal of Animal Science 50, no. 1 (April 20, 2020): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v50i1.8.

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This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, fractionation of nitrogen compounds and carbohydrates, digestibility parameters, gas production kinetics and ruminal fermentation of fruit seed cakes. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three fruit seed cakes (treatments) and four replications. The cakes were made of seeds of custard apple (Annona squamosa), soursop (Annona muricata) and passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), which were collected in a biodiesel plant. The passion fruit seed cake presented the highest content of dry matter, neutral detergent fibre crude protein (NDFcp), acid detergent fibre (ADF), lignin and total carbohydrates (P<0.05). The custard apple seed cake presented high proportions of crude protein, condensed tannins and digestible energy (P<0.05). The soursop seed cake presented higher values for ether extract and total digestible nutrients (P<0.05). For potential degradability, the authors detected a difference between the custard apple, soursop and passion fruit seed cakes. The total volume of gases was higher for custard apple and soursop seed cakes. Custard apple seed cake presented higher proportions of in vitro degradation parameters (P<0.05). Thus this cake could provide greater nutrient levels when supplied in ruminant diets, followed by soursop seed cake and passion fruit seed cake. Keywords: alternative food, by-products, ruminant feeding, seed cake, semi-arid

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9

Sharma, Prem Nidhi, Poorna Dass Dhaubaji Shrestha, Shiv Raj Chauhan, and Vinita Sharma. "Effects of Neem (Azadirachta indic) and Custard Apple (Annona reticulata) Diets on Sterility of House Rat (Rattus rattus)." Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council 1 (September 20, 2016): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnarc.v1i0.15734.

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Three different plant products diets – i) neem (Azadirachta indic A. Juss) oil mixed diet (neem oil mixed @ 80 ml/kg of normal diet), ii) neem seed powder mixed diet (neem seed powder mixed @ 80 g/kg of normal diet) and iii) custard apple (Annona reticulata L.) seed powder mixed diet (custard apple seed powder mixed @ 80 g/kg of normal diet) were separately fed to mature rats (Rattus rattus) with single dose feeding of 80 g per pair in a day on 13th week-age during the experimenting years, 2012/013 and 2013/014. In control group only normal diet without neem and custard apple constituents were fed. Sterility test of rat was conducted up to 38 and 28 weeks-age in first and second year, respectively. The test rats were fed normal diet during whole experimenting periods except the one day when they were fed only the neem or custard apple mixed diet on the age of 13th week. Efficacy of the mixed diets on rat-sterility was determined based on pregnancy and parturition by the rats. The two years' results confirmed that all the tested three mixed diets – neem oil mixed diet, neem seed powder mixed diet, and custard apple seed powder mixed diet were effective to stop pregnancy and parturition in rats during whole experimenting periods up to 38 and 28 weeks-age with single dose feeding of 80 g per pair (40 gm/rat) in a day on 13th week-age of the rats; whereas the pregnancy and parturition were observed in the rats that were fed only the normal diet. It is expected, neem and custard apple mixed diets can be utilized in reducing the economically important rodent populations in rice-wheat cropping system in future.Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council Vol.1 2015, pp.37-40

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10

Phan, Huan T. "Optimization of alcoholic fermentation of custard apple juice by Saccharomyces cerevisiae using response surface methodology." Journal of Agriculture and Development 18, no. 5 (October 28, 2019): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.52997/jad.9.05.2019.

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In recent years, custard apple fruit has been applied in food processing with various products. The objective of this study was to valorize a fermented fruit drink from a Vietnamese local custard apple fruit by the alcoholic fermentation of the juice using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Response surface methodology was used to describe dependency of soluble solid content, inoculum size of yeast and fermentation time on ethanol production during fermentation of custard apple juice by Saccharomyces cerevisiae SLS. The experiments were performed according to the central composite design with total soluble solid content ranging from 16 to 20oBrix, inoculum size of yeast from 1% to 3%, and fermentation time from 42 to 48 h. A quadratic model was developed to correlate the variables to the ethanol yield and sensory score. The results showed that a production of ethanol from the custard apple juice could be achieved reaching up to 5.1% (v/v) at optimum conditions of 19oBrix, 2% yeast and 44-h fermentation time. The model predictions agreed satisfactorily with the experimental values

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11

Ferreira, Fagner N., Geovani S. de Lima, Hans R. Gheyi, Francisco V. da S. Sá, Adaan S. Dias, and Francisco W. A. Pinheiro. "Photosynthetic efficiency and production of Annona squamosa L. under salt stress and fertilization with NPK." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 25, no. 7 (July 2021): 446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n7p446-452.

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HIGHLIGHTS Electrical conductivity of water of 3.0 dS m-1 reduces the chlorophyll synthesis and production of custard-apple. NPK recommendation of 100-125-125, 125-125-100 and 125-125-125% cause more damage to the cell membrane. Reduction in the quantum efficiency of custard-apple under salt stress is indicative of photoinhi-bitory damage.

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12

Mudita, Mudita, Swasono R. Tamat, and Agung Eru Wibowo. "The Development of Creambath Preparation with Combination of Garlic Extract (Allium sativum L.) and Custard Apple Seeds Extract (Annona squamosa L.) as Anti-Dandruff and Anti Head Lice (Pediculus humanus capitis)." Majalah Obat Tradisional 24, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/mot.37899.

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Allicin and ajoene are active compounds in garlic which have proven to be of benefit as antifungal. Meanwhile, the content of oleic acid and triglycerides from the custard apple seeds extract showed anti-fungal activity in vitro. This study aimed to obtain a preparation of creambath combination of garlic extract and custard apple seeds extract which have anti-dandruff and anti head lice activity. Garlic extract was obtained by adding phosphate buffer with freeze-dry method, while custard apple seeds extract was obtained from maceration using petroleum ether. Garlic extract provides an anti-dandruff effect with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 6.25 mg/mL and the smallest custard apple seeds extract (LD 100%, 3 hours) which is 3.13 mg/mL can provide anti head lice effect. Variations in the concentration of the combination of garlic extract and custard apple seeds extract used in creambath preparations were (6.25 mg/mL and 3.13 mg/mL), (12.5 mg/mL and 6.25 mg/mL) and (25 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL). The resulting creambath preparations have characteristics that are light green, green tea flavored, homogeneous, semisolid form, o/w cream type, pH 5.85-6.25, viscosity 34,000-72,000 cps with thixotropic pseudoplastic flow properties, average size particle 34.31-57.66 μm, anti-dandruff activity with diameters of inhibitory 9, 12, and 16 mm in 72 hours incubation time and LD 100% hair lice activity in 157, 133 and 105 minutes.

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13

Pino, Jorge A., and Aristides Rosado. "Volatile Constituents of Custard Apple (Annona atemoya)." Journal of Essential Oil Research 11, no. 3 (May 1999): 303–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1999.9701139.

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14

Raichurkar, S. J., and R. A. Dadagkhair. "Studies on Preparation of Custard Apple Vinegar." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 7 (2017): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.4.7.15.

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15

Kad, V. P., G. B. Yenge, and S. M. Nalawade. "Rheological Properties of Custard Apple Pulp-Flakes." Journal of Krishi Vigyan 7, special (2018): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2349-4433.2018.00175.7.

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16

Hofman, P. J., M. Jobin-Decor, G. F. Meiburg, A. J. Macnish, and D. C. Joyce. "Ripening and quality responses of avocado, custard apple, mango and papaya fruit to 1-methylcyclopropene." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 4 (2001): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00152.

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The potential for the ethylene binding inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene, to delay ripening of ‘Hass’ avocado, ‘African Pride’ custard apple, ‘Kensington Pride’ mango and ‘Solo’ papaya was examined. Fruit were gassed with 25 µL/L 1-methylcyclopropene for 14 h at 20°C, followed by treatment with 100 µL/L ethylene for 24 h, and then ripened at 20°C. Ethylene treatment alone generally halved the number of days for fruit to reach the ripe stage, compared with untreated fruit. 1-Methylcyclopropene treatment alone increased the number of days to ripening by 4.4 days (40% increase), 3.4 days (58%), 5.1 days (37%) and 15.6 days (325%) for avocado, custard apple, mango and papaya, respectively, compared with untreated fruit. Applying 1-methylcyclopropene to the fruit before ethylene prevented the accelerated ripening normally associated with ethylene treatment, so that the number of days to ripening for fruit treated with 1-methylcyclopropene plus ethylene was similar to the number of days to ripening for fruit treated with 1-methylcyclopropene alone. 1-Methylcyclopropene treatment was associated with slightly higher severity of external blemishes in papaya and custard apple, slightly higher rots severity in avocado, custard apple and papaya, and at least double the severity of stem rots in mango, relative to fruit not treated with 1-methylcyclopropene. Thus, 1-methylcyclopropene treatment has the potential to reduce the risk of premature ripening of avocado, custard apple, mango and papaya fruit due to accidental exposure to ethylene. However, additional precautions may be necessary to reduce disease severity associated with 1-methylcyclopropene treatment.

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17

Wills, R. B. H., M. A. Warton, D. M. D. N. Mussa, and L. P. Chew. "Ripening of climacteric fruits initiated at low ethylene levels." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 1 (2001): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00206.

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Mature, unripe mango, peach, custard apple, kiwifruit and tomato were stored at 20˚C in air containing ethylene at <0.005, 0.01, 0.1 1.0 and 10 L/L. The time to ripen of all the climacteric fruits increased linearly with logarithmic decrease in ethylene concentration over the whole concentration range examined. Similar observations were also obtained with kiwifruit and custard apple held at 0 and 14˚C, respectively. However, the sensitivity of fruits to ethylene varied with banana and kiwifruit > custard apple and mango > tomato, avocado and peach. Since the ethylene level around horticultural produce during marketing is always >0.005 L/L, the time climacteric fruit can be held in an unripe condition is currently less than optimal but intervention to limit ethylene action would appear to be only warranted for the most sensitive fruits.

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18

Pontes, Frederico Silva Thé, Júlio César do Vale Silva, Paulo Sérgio Lima e. Silva, and Ana Katarina Oliveira Aragão. "Production costs and fruit yield profitability in the initial harvest of custard apple trees." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 30, no. 4 (December 2008): 931–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452008000400016.

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The aim of this study was to estimate the production cost and economic indicators associated with the production and sales of fruits from 20 custard apple progenies during the initial five harvests, in order to identify the harvest season from which custard apple exploitation becomes profitable, as well as the most promising progenies from an economic point of view. The fruit yield data upon which the present work was based were obtained during the period from 2001 to 2005, in an experiment that evaluated 20 custard apple half-sibling progenies, under sprinkler irrigation. The progenies were evaluated in a random block design with five replicates and plots consisting of four plants each. The exploitation of custard apple progenies only showed to be a profitable agribusiness after the fourth year. Before that, only A3 and A4 progenies in the second year, and P3 and P11 in the third year provided profitable incomes. Considering the methodological assumptions imposed concerning the time period analysis and the prices as of July 2007, the most important profitability indicators (operating profit, return index and equilibrium price) evidenced that the A4 progeny is the most recommended, although other progenies are also highlighted, such as FJ1 and FJ2. As already discussed, the progenies showing the highest average yields of five harvests are not always the most economically recommendable ones.

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19

Bala, Shashi, Vinod K. Nigam, and Ambarish S. Vidyarthi. "Evaluation of Health Promoting Minerals of A. squamosa L. Based Products." Current Nutrition & Food Science 16, no. 5 (July 14, 2020): 802–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401315666190306160533.

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Background: Annona squamosa L. (custard apple) is a tropical fruit known for its sweet taste, distinct flavour, and pleasant, aromatic creamy pulp. The fruit is traditionally used as different folk medicines by tribal community in India. The present study was focussed on the nutritional properties of custard apple based products like pulp, juice, jam, jelly and powder. Methods: Standard ICP-OES and recognized methods of analysis were used for investigation of minerals and biochemical constituents of process products of custard apple. Results: The proximate analysis showed the highest quantity of vitamin C as 32.5 mg/100g, 16.4 mg/100g, 15.8 mg/100g 16.85 mg/100g and 12.3 mg/100g in pulp, jam, jelly, juice and in powder with a total sugar content of 20.96, 51.26, 49.83, 13.17 and 33.5 g/100g for pulp, jam, jelly, juice and powder respectively. The content of calcium in different products of custard apple was observed as 64.25, 58.15, 55.20, 58.20 and 138.35 mg/100g while, the amount of iron as constituent was found as 2.8, 2.25, 2.25, 2.65, 5.45 mg/100g respectively. The observed value of potassium in pulp, juice, jam, jelly and powder was recorded as 428.00, 545.50, 415.0, 411.9 and 1094.5 mg/100g while the concentration of magnesium was found as 54.5 mg/100g in pulp, 65.0 mg/100g in juice, 45.5 mg/100g in jam, 41.2 mg/100g in jelly and 130.4 mg/100g in powder respectively. The study of analytes like As, Pb, Ni and Sn in custard apple products were found below the level of toxicity. Conclusion: The results obtained suggest that these underutilized fruits could greatly add in the improvement of the nutrition of consumers and promote good human health.

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20

Soni, Narotam. "Influence of Drying Temperatures on Effective Diffusivity of Custard Apple Pulp." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 31, 2021): 3470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37000.

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Fresh custard apple pulp was dehydrated using convective drying method to study the effect of drying temperatures on effective diffusivity of custard apple pulp. Dehydration characteristics of custard apple pulp for the convective drying experiment were studied. Moisture diffusivity (Deff) at 50, 55, 60 and 65° C temperatures was ranged from 3.20 x10-9 m2/s to 4.80 x 10-9 m2/s and activation energy was found 29.436 kJ/mol at air velocity of 2 m/s. The average drying time was decreased 16.67, 10.00 and 22.22 for per 5 °C temperature increase. It was also found that greater drying effect of 22 per cent reduction in drying time was observed for 60 to 65 °C temperature increase. During the drying experiment and data were recorded, it was found that highest drying rate during the drying process was about thrice of the average drying time. It can be deduced from the study that drying process was fast at higher temperature and as the drying temperature increased the effective moisture diffusivity was also increased.

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21

., I. A. Amoo, A. E. Emenike ., and V. O. E. Akpambang . "Compositional Evaluation of Annona cherimoya (Custard Apple) Fruit." Trends in Applied Sciences Research 3, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/tasr.2008.216.220.

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22

Bakane, P. H., M. M. Khakare, M. H. Gajabe, and M. B. Khedkar. "Standardization of Process for Custard Apple Milk Shake." International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 1, no. 4 (2016): 708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/1.4.12.

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23

Hari Babu, K., Md Zaheeruddin, and P. K. Prasad. "STUDIES ON POST HARVEST STORAGE OF CUSTARD APPLE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 269 (August 1990): 299–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1990.269.38.

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24

T. Suresh Kumar, A. Girwani, G. Satyanarayana Reddy, and A. Bhagwan. "STUDIES ON NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN CUSTARD APPLE 'BALANAGAR'." Acta Horticulturae, no. 890 (March 2011): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2011.890.54.

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25

GAMAGE, T. V., C. M. C. YUEN, and R. B. H. WILLS. "MINIMAL PROCESSING OF CUSTARD APPLE (ANNONA ATEMOYA) PULP." Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 21, no. 4 (October 1997): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.1997.tb00784.x.

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26

Deepa, Krishna, and Minati Mohapatra. "Foam-Mat Drying Characteristics of Custard Apple Pulp." Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences 8, no. 4 (2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20200804.13.

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27

Wyllie, S. Grant, David Cook, Joseph J. Brophy, and Karen M. Richter. "Volatile flavor components of Annona atemoya (custard apple)." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 35, no. 5 (September 1987): 768–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00077a029.

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28

Silva, Paulo Sérgio Lima e., Decio Barbin, Ranoel José de Sousa Gonçalves, João Domingos da Cruz Firmino, and Idaiane Costa Fonseca. "Leaf area estimatites of custard apple tree progenies." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 26, no. 3 (December 2004): 558–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452004000300046.

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Leaf area measurements are required in several agronomical studies. Usually, there is an interest for measurement methods that are simple, quick and that will not destroy the leaf. The objectives of this work were to evaluate leaf area (y), length (l) and width (w) of 20 half-sibling progenies of custard apple tree (Annona squamosa L.), and to fit regression equations of the type y = a + bx, where x = l.w, that will allow y to be estimated based on l and w. The experiment was conducted as random blocks with five replicates and four plants per plot. Five mature leaves were randomly collected from each plant. Leaf area was measured with an automatic measuring device and leaf dimensions were determined with a ruler. All values of b were different from zero. Differences occurred only in 11% of the 190 possible comparison pairs between progenies, with regard to the estimates of b. No differences were observed between progenies with respect to leaf length, width and area. In view of this fact, the equation y = 0.72 x (R² = 0.77) was fitted for all progenies.

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29

Sanchez-Morillas, L., I. Moneo, E. Sedano, A. Iglesias, M. L. Caballero, and M. Rodriguez. "Oral allergic syndrome after ingestion of custard apple." Allergy 58, no. 3 (March 2003): 260–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2003.00062_1.x.

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30

Rahmiyul Insani and Desita Salbiah. "KEEFEKTIFAN DOSIS TEPUNG BIJI SRIKAYA (Annona squamosa L.) DALAM MENGENDALIKAN HAMA BUBUK KEDELAI (Callosobruchus analis F.) DI PENYIMPANAN." DINAMIKA PERTANIAN 37, no. 1 (September 15, 2021): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/dp.2021.vol37(1).7720.

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Soybean is an important food crop in Indonesia, which contains a lot of protein and is useful as an industrial ingredient and animal feed. Callosobruchus analis F. is a pest that causes a decrease in soybean production in storage. The suggestion recommended is to use plant based insecticides by using custard apple seed (Annona squamosa L.). This research aims to obtain a dose of custard apple seed flour (Annona squamosa) that is effective in controlling soy pest Callosobruchus analis in stored soybean seeds. The research was conducted at the Plant Pest Laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University, from July to October 2019. The study was carried out using a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The dose treatment of custard apple seed flour was given to each experimental unit was 0 g.100 g-1 soybean seeds, 2 g.100 g-1 soybean seeds, 4 g.100 g-1 soybean seeds, 6 g.100 g-1 soybean seed, 8 g.100 g-1 soybean seed and 10 g.100 g-1 soybean seed. The results showed that the provision of custard apple seed flour at a dose of 4 g.100 g-1 of soybean seeds was effective in killing C. analis pests. This could cause a total mortality of 80% with early death of 14.50 hours after application and LT50 34.00 hours after application with an individual increase of 19.25 C. analis pests with a percentage of weight depreciation of soybean seeds of 1.93%.

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DoVale, Julio César, Paulo Sérgio Lima e. Silva, Gustavo Sessa Fialho, Keny Henrique Mariguele, and Roberto Fritsche-Neto. "Repeatability and number of growing seasons for the selection of custard apple progenies." Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 11, no. 1 (March 2011): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-70332011000100008.

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This study aimed to estimate the repeatability coefficient and determine the minimum number of samples required for effective selection for yield of custard apple. Twenty progenies were evaluated in randomized blocks, five replications and four plants per plot. The fruits were collected, counted and weighed every two days of the year. Estimates of the repeatability coefficients were obtained by the methods of analysis of variance - ANOVA and principal components - PC. The estimates from the repeatability analysis of biennial data are higher than those based on individual years. The estimates of the PC method were accurate even in the first harvest, unlike ANOVA. Four biennia were sufficient to ensure effective progeny selection of custard apple.

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Khot, Kishorkumar V., Sawanta S. Mali, Nita B. Pawar, Rohini R. Kharade, Rahul M. Mane, Pallavi B. Patil, Pramod S. Patil, et al. "Simplistic construction of cadmium sulfoselenide thin films via a hybrid chemical process for enhanced photoelectrochemical performance." RSC Advances 5, no. 50 (2015): 40283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra16311g.

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Fernandes, Eliene Araújo, Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos Soares, Geovani Soares de Lima, Alzira Maria de Sousa Silva Neta, Iara Almeida Roque, Francisco Alves da Silva, Pedro Dantas Fernandes, and Cassiano Nogueira de Lacerda. "Cell damage, gas exchange, and growth of Annona squamosa L. under saline water irrigation and potassium fertilization." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 42, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 999–1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3p999.

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The semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil has water limitations in terms of both quantity and quality, with salt stress as a limiting factor for increasing yield in most crops. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate cell damage, gas exchange, and growth of custard apple under salt stress and potassium fertilization. The research was carried out at the Experimental Farm of CCTA/UFCG, in São Domingos-PB, Brazil. A randomized block design was arranged in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme, with two levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw; 1.3 and 4.0 dS m-1) and five potassium doses (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 g of K2O per plant per year). Water salinity of 4.0 dS m-1 negatively affected the stem diameter and number of leaves in custard apple at 179 and 210 days after transplanting (DAT). The highest relative growth in stem diameter in the period of 179-245 DAT was obtained in plants irrigated with 4.0 dS m-1 water and fertilized with 20 g of K2O per plant. Potassium doses of up to 30 g of K2O resulted in a higher percentage of cell damage and relative water content in custard apple leaf tissue. Water saturation deficit decreased with the increase in K2O doses in plants irrigated with water of 1.3 dS m-1. Irrigation with 1.3 dS m-1 water and estimated K2O doses ranging from 16 to 22 g per plant resulted in an increase in stomatal conductance, transpiration, CO2 assimilation rate, and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency in custard apple plants at 210 DAT.

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Broadley, R. H., A. P. George, and R. J. Nissen. "INNOVATIVE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR THE AUSTRALIAN CUSTARD APPLE INDUSTRY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 694 (October 2005): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2005.694.45.

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Cheng, Zhihua, Wei Zhou, Xiao Gong, Xiaoyi Wei, Jihua Li, and Zheng Peng. "Physicochemical Changes of Custard Apple at Different Storage Temperatures." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 392 (August 3, 2018): 052013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/392/5/052013.

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Nagaraja, Harsha, Thungappa Kugar, Yathish Shivanna, Archita Agrawal, and Rohit Shetty. "Ocular toxicity by seeds of Annona squamosa (custard apple)." Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 64, no. 8 (2016): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0301-4738.191514.

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Ekka, Akankasha Ankita, Dileep Kumar, Anand Prakash Singh, and Awtar Singh. "Variation in physico-chemical properties of soil under different agri-horti system in Vindhyan region." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 1187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1344.

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Adoption of unsuitable production system may lead to deterioration of soil physico-chemical properties. Hence, it becomes important to assess the impact of various production systems. For this purpose, a study was carried out to find out variation in physico-chemical properties of soil in agri-horti system based four orchards of Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, India. Soil samples were collected from the orchards of custard apple (Annona reticulate), guava (Psidium guajava), bael (Aegle marmelos) and crane berry (Carissa carandas) from two depths (0-15 and 15-30 cm) separately within canopy and out of canopy of different plants. The results of the study revealed that all the agri-horti systems were effective in bringing gradual improvement in the physico-chemical properties of the soil. Among different orchards tried, the custard apple system resulted in the highest improvement in temperature (27.16 oC), moisture (24.53 %) and water-holding capacity (41.80 %), whereas crane berry based system recorded better result in case of bulk density, porosity, electrical conductivity, pH, organic carbon, available N (187.55 kg ha-1) and K (193.46 kg ha-1). Custard apple based system recorded highest DTPA extractable micronutrients (Zn 0.54, Fe 17.23, Cu 0.88 and Mn14.72 mg ka-1).

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Kaviya, S., and Edamana Prasad. "Biogenic synthesis of ZnO–Ag nano custard apples for efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by sunlight irradiation." RSC Advances 5, no. 22 (2015): 17179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra15293j.

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Ganoza-Yupanqui, Mayar L., Amner Muñoz-Acevedo, Roberto O. Ybañez-Julca, Elena Mantilla-Rodriguez, Ewaldo Zavala, Sandra Gajardo, Miguel Rios, Julio Benites, and Jose L. Martinez. "Potential antioxidant effect of fruit peels for human use from northern Peru, compared by 5 different methods." Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromaticas 20, no. 6 (November 30, 2021): 611–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37360/blacpma.21.20.6.44.

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The objective of the work was to determine the antioxidant potential in vitro of freeze-dried peel extracts of 20 fruits from the northern region of Peru through five tests (Folin-Ciocalteu, DPPH., ABTS+., FRAP and CUPRAC). According to multivariate statistical analyzes, five groups were found: (i.) peel extracts with the highest values of antioxidant capacity (AC) from custard apple, and star fruit; (ii.) rind extracts with high AC values from quince, sweet granadilla, guava, and black grape; (iii.) husk extracts with middle values of AC from passion fruit, and red mombin; (iv.) shell extracts with low AC values from tangerine, mandarine, and bitter orange; and, (v.) coating extracts with the lowest AC values from pawpaw, red pawpaw, muskmelon, dragon fruit, yellow and red indian figs, pear, apple, and green grape. To conclude, the fruit lyophilized-husk extracts of custard apple, star fruit, quince, sweet granadilla, guava, and black grape obtained the best AC.

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Kumar, Manoj, Deepak, and Rajesh Kumar Singh. "Weed control in custard apple-sesame based agri-horticulture system." Agricultural Research Journal 54, no. 1 (2017): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2395-146x.2017.00028.x.

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Goutam, Kamleshwar, T. R. Sharma, B. K. Verma, U. K. Chanderia, and S. K. Pandey. "Genetic Variability in Custard Apple Landraces of Madhya Pradesh, India." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (October 10, 2019): 2201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.810.256.

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Nissen, R. J., L. G. Smith, R. H. Broadley, A. P. George, and C. S. Sisson. "MARKETING OF CUSTARD APPLE IN AUSTRALIA: FROM GROWER TO CONSUMER." Acta Horticulturae, no. 575 (April 2002): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2002.575.49.

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Lavanya, A. "Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Pomogranate and Custard Apple Extracts." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology V, no. XI (November 13, 2017): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2017.11028.

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Hutton, DG, and GM Sanewski. "Cylindrocladium Leaf and Fruit Spot of Custard Apple in Queensland." Australasian Plant Pathology 18, no. 1 (1989): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/app9890015.

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Ahmed, Ahsan, M. Rafat, and Sultan Ahmed. "Activated carbon derived from custard apple shell for efficient supercapacitor." Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 11, no. 3 (July 22, 2020): 035013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2043-6254/aba1dc.

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Gautam, Deeksha, S. K. Jain, P. Bhatnagar, Nirmal Meena, and Hemraj Chippa. "Utilization of custard apple pulp for preparation of blended nectar." Indian Journal of Horticulture 78, no. 2 (2021): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-0112.2021.00033.5.

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Puu, Yustina Maria Silvia Wonga. "PEMANFAATAN ATRAKTAN NABATI UNTUK PENGENDALIAN LALAT BUAH Bactrocera sp PADA TAANAMAN CABAI (Capsicum annum L.)." AGRICA 5, no. 1 (July 22, 2020): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37478/agr.v5i1.444.

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The research aimed to know the use of vegetable attractants for monitoring fruit flies (bactrocera sp) and to know the most effective attractant on trapping fruit flies of chilli plant (Capsicum annum L). The method used in this study was Randomized Block Design namely treatment without attractan (A0), Steiner + guava attractan (A1), steiner + custard apple attractan (A2), steiner + banana attractan (A3), steiner +papaya attractan (A4). The variable is a population of fruit flies, the number of rotten fruit, and rotten intensity of fruit. The result showed that the use of vegetable attractan is effective in monitoring fruit flies pest, in which population of fruit flies pest was trapped about 27.74 %, a number of rotten fruit is 23,38 % and rotten intensity is 18,64 %. Custard apple attraction gave the highest influence on all observed variables.

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Chandra Sekhar, S., Goli Nagaraju, Bhimanaboina Ramulu, and Jae Su Yu. "Rapid design of a core–shell-like metal hydroxide/oxide composite and activated carbon from biomass for high-performance supercapattery applications." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 6, no. 7 (2019): 1707–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qi00308h.

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Ristiati, Ni Putu, Ni Putu Sri Ratna Dewi, Sanusi Mulyadiharja, and Ni Wayan Gunia Prastuti. "Toxicity of extract seeds custard apple (Annona squamosa) on mortality of mosquito larvae Anopheles sp." Jurnal Biologi Udayana 23, no. 1 (June 29, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jbiounud.2019.v23.i01.p01.

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The aimed of this study were to determine differences of toxicity of custard apple seeds extract at different concentrations on mortality the mosquito larvae of Anopheles sp. and to find the most effective concentration of extract towards the mosquitoes’ mortality. The experiment used Randomised Complete Design. The samples used were instar larvae of Anopheles sp. The crude extracts were obtained through maceration process. The research was conducted for 48 hours at Laboratory of Biology Department of Undiksha. Data were analysed using one way anava. The results showed that there were significant differences in which the value of f count > f table (16.500>2.87). It showed different concentration of toxicity from custard apple seeds extract on mortality mosquito larvae of Anopheles sp. The concentration of the extract was linier to the mortality of the Anopheles sp. The most effective concentration extract as a larvacide was 50 ppm.

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Lee, Pin‐Rou, Rou‐Ming Tan, Bin Yu, Philip Curran, and Shao‐Quan Liu. "Sugars, organic acids, and phenolic acids of exotic seasonable tropical fruits." Nutrition & Food Science 43, no. 3 (May 17, 2013): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346651311327927.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study was to characterise the physiochemical properties of selected exotic seasonal tropical fruits available in Singapore.Design/methodology/approachA total of 11 seasonal tropical fruits including cempedak, chiku, custard apple, jackfruit, longkong, mangosteen, red jambu, pearl jambu, rambutan, salak and starfruit were analyzed for their sugars, organic acids and free phenolic acids composition using liquid chromatographic methods. Total phenolic content (free and bound), total soluble solids and pH were determined using Folin‐Ciocalteu method, refractometer and pH meter, respectively.FindingsFructose, glucose and sucrose were the main sugars in all the fruits. Cempedak had the highest sucrose concentration, while custard apple had the highest content of fructose and glucose. Malic and citric acids were the major organic acids in most of the fruits, except for pearl jambu and red jambu where succinic acid was the dominant acid. The total phenolic content varied from 122.94 to 712.20 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/kg fresh weight (FW). Ferulic (0.631 mg/kg) and sinapic acids (1.506 mg/kg) were the predominant free phenolic acids in custard apple, while caffeic acid was the main free phenolic acid in jackfruit, salak and starfruit.Originality/valueThe paper demonstrates that the physiochemical characteristics of the 11 tropical fruits varied markedly, which is responsible for the differential flavour and stability. The findings are useful for epidemiological research and predicting the degree of ripeness, stability and post‐harvest processing required for these fruits.

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