Journal articles: 'Cushing Formation'

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Deniz, Mahmut, Zafer Ciftci, and Erdogan Gultekin. "Pharyngoesophageal Suturing Technique May Decrease the Incidence of Pharyngocutaneous Fistula following Total Laryngectomy." Surgery Research and Practice 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/363640.

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Objectives. A pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) following total laryngectomy is associated with increased morbidity and severe life threatening complications. We aimed to review our experience with the PCF following total laryngectomy and determine the impact of previously reported risk factors on the development of PCF in our patients.Methods. The medical records of 20 patients who had a total laryngectomy operation were retrospectively analyzed. The association between the proposed risk factors and the incidence of the PCF was investigated.Results. Comparison of the suture techniques used for the closure of the pharynx (either continuous Cushing type or interrupted) yielded that primary interrupted sutures had a significantly higher incidence of PCF formation(p<0.05). Although it was not statistically significant, diabetes mellitus was also associated with increased PCF formation(p>0.05). No significant difference was observed between the PCF and non-PCF groups in terms of other proposed risk factors(p>0.05). Conclusions. The main risk factor associated with PCF was found to be the type of pharyngeal closure technique. A vertical closure with a Cushing type continuous suture may be more successful than interrupted sutures in preventing a PCF.

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Chong, Yau Chun, and Tao Sun Tycus Tse. "A case of candida parapsilosis periprosthetic joint infection: Case report and literature review." Journal of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Rehabilitation 29, no. 1 (February 23, 2022): 221049172210758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/22104917221075826.

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A 76 year old female, with a background history of eczema and iatrogenic Cushing syndrome, received a right total knee replacement for her knee osteoarthritis. In the early post-operative period, a small amount of discharge was noted from the surgical wound. The wound swab culture of the discharge yielded candida species. It was regarded as contamination initially. Half year later, she presented with a subcutaneous abscess around the right knee. Aspiration and culture confirmed infection of Candida parapsilosis. The patient was treated conservatively with fluconazole because she had initially refused operative treatment. The infection progressed to abscess formation afterward. A two-stage revision arthroplasty with cement spacer was performed subsequently. In addition, we have reviewed the literature regarding fungal periprosthetic joint infection.

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Zlatina, Zheleva, Gergana Petkova, Vanya Ivanova, and Svetla Petrova. "EPONYMS IN THE FIELD OF MEDICINE AND PAEDIATRIC DENTAL MEDICINE IN BULGARIAN AND ENGLISH." Opera in onomastica, no. 24 (December 28, 2021): 76–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2410-3373.2021.24.248320.

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Introduction. Eponyms have been an inseparable part of medicine ever since the science exists. The need to name diseases and conditions after the physicians who came upon them and explored them arose (e.g., Addison’s disease, Cushing syndrome etc). This method of term formation continues to be employed even nowadays and its main advantage is that it facilitates remembering the condition. The purpose of the present paper is to establish the main principles of formation of eponyms and to compare them within the Bulgarian, English and Latin terminology. Another comparison which is intended is the use of eponyms in clinical medicine and clinical paediatric dental medicine. Background and motivations. The purpose of eponyms is to name diseases and conditions and to facilitate remembering. However, there are underlying principles of term formation and usage in the different fields of medicine which need to be clarified and traced. Methodology. The main methods used are lexicographical excerption and comparative analysis. The eponyms are classified according to the manner of their formation and usage. The expected results are related to the differences in the use of eponyms in the medical terminologies of Bulgarian and English clinical setting and to compare those to their source languages- Latin and ancient Greek.

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Kyo, Chika, Takeshi Usui, Rieko Kosugi, Mizuki Torii, Takako Yonemoto, Tatsuo Ogawa, Masato Kotani, et al. "ARMC5 Alterations in Primary Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (PMAH) and the Clinical State of Variant Carriers." Journal of the Endocrine Society 3, no. 10 (July 23, 2019): 1837–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/js.2019-00210.

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Abstract Context Primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PMAH) is a rare type of Cushing or subclinical Cushing syndrome and is associated with bilateral multinodular formation. ARMC5 is one of the responsible genes for PMAH. Objectives This study was performed to identify the genotype-phenotype correlation of ARMC5 in a cohort of Japanese patients. Patients and Methods Fourteen patients with clinically diagnosed PMAH and family members of selected patients were studied for ARMC5 gene alteration and clinical phenotype. The associated nonadrenal tumor tissues were also studied. Results Of fourteen patients with PMAH, 10 had pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants of ARMC5. We found two variants. Five unrelated patients had identical variants (p.R619*). In two patients, the variant was found in offspring with the asymptomatic or presymptomatic state. Six of ten patients who tested positive for the ARMC5 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant carried nonadrenal tumors; however, no loss of heterozygosity (LOH) or second hit of the ARMC5 gene was evident. The ARMC5 variant–positive group showed a significantly higher basal cortisol level. Furthermore, age-dependent cortisol hypersecretion was seen in the ARMC5 variant–positive group. Conclusions ARMC5 pathogenic variants are common (71%) in Japanese patients with PMAH. p.R619* might be a hot spot in Japanese patients with PMAH. Asymptomatic or presymptomatic pathogenic variant carriers were found among the family members of the patients. Although 50% of ARMC5 variant carriers had nonadrenal neoplastic lesions, no LOH or second hit of ARMC5 in the tumor tissues was evident. The ARMC5 variant–positive mutant group showed a higher basal cortisol level than the negative group.

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Di Dalmazi, Guido, Henri J. L. M. Timmers, Giorgio Arnaldi, Benno Küsters, Marina Scarpelli, Kerstin Bathon, Davide Calebiro, Felix Beuschlein, Ad Hermus, and Martin Reincke. "Somatic PRKACA Mutations: Association With Transition From Pituitary-Dependent to Adrenal-Dependent Cushing Syndrome." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 104, no. 11 (July 5, 2019): 5651–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-02209.

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Abstract Context Prolonged adrenal stimulation by corticotropin, as in long-standing Cushing disease (CD), leads to diffuse to nodular hyperplasia. Adrenal functional autonomy has been described in a subset of patients with CD, leading to the hypothesis of transition from ACTH-dependent to ACTH-independent hypercortisolism. Objective With the consideration that the catalytic α subunit of protein kinase A (PKA; PRKACA) somatic mutations are the most common finding in adrenal adenomas associated with ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome, our aim was to analyze PRKACA mutations in adrenals of patients with persistent/long-standing CD. Design Cross-sectional. Setting University hospital. Patients Two patients with long-standing CD and suspicion of coexistence of autonomous adrenal hyperfunction, according to pre and postoperative evaluations, were selected for this study, following an intensive literature search and patient-chart reviewing. Intervention Clinical data were analyzed. DNA was extracted from adrenal tissue for PRKACA sequencing. PKA activity was assayed. Main Outcome Measure PRKACA somatic mutations. Results Both patients showed mutations of PRKACA in the macronodule in the context of micronodular adrenal hyperplasia. One patient harbored the previously described p.Leu206Arg substitution, whereas a p.Ser213Arg missense variation was detected in the adrenal nodule of the second patient. No mutations were detected in the adjacent adrenal cortex of the second patient. In silico analysis predicts that p.Ser213Arg can interfere with the interaction between the regulatory and catalytic subunits of PKA. Conclusions Our study shows that PRKACA somatic mutations can be found in adrenal nodules of patients with CD. These genetic alterations could represent a possible mechanism underlying adrenal nodule formation and autonomous cortisol hyperproduction in a subgroup of patients with long-standing CD.

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Kassam, Amin, Ricardo L. Carrau, Carl H. Snyderman, Paul Gardner, and Arlan Mintz. "Evolution of reconstructive techniques following endoscopic expanded endonasal approaches." Neurosurgical Focus 19, no. 1 (July 2005): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2005.19.1.9.

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Harvey Cushing first popularized the transsphenoidal route to the sella turcica, and Jules Hardy subsequently refined it by adding the operating microscope. Over the ensuing decades, attempts at extending the application of this approach have been advanced by Edward Laws and others. With the evolution of endoscopic approaches, the natural expansion of their use to intradural lesions followed. For the expanded endonasal approach to become a viable option, the paramount concerns surrounding consistent reconstruction of the dura mater must be overcome. In this review the authors chronicle the evolution of the reconstruction technique they currently use after performing expanded endonasal approaches. They also report the use of a balloon stent to buttress the reconstruction and counter the effects of graft migration and cerebrospinal fluid fistula formation. The technique described in this report represents an important step forward in the reconstruction of defects resulting from expanded endonasal approaches.

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Horşia, Dragoş. "Medulloblastoma in Adulthood." Acta Medica Transilvanica 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amtsb-2021-0051.

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Abstract Defined as a tumour with increased malignancy potential in childhood, medulloblastoma was first reported in the literature by Percival Bailey and Harvey Cushing in 1925. Scientific studies over the years have shown that this type of tumour represents about 20% of all intracranial tumours encountered in childhood, their percentage decreasing with advancing age. The genetic factor plays an important part in the appearance of medulloblastoma; there are certain diseases, in the patient’s history, that can be associated with this type of tumour. Here, we can specify Turcot syndrome (an autosomal recessive disease, rarely encountered) or basal cell carcinoma syndrome. This article presents the case of a young patient (41-year-old) suffering from a cerebellar tumour formation that turned out to be, after histopathological examination, a medulloblastoma. In practice we can find several types of medulloblastoma (desmoplastic or nodular, anaplastic, classical or undifferentiated). In what follows I will try to highlight a few aspects of a classic medulloblastoma.

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Hope, T. "TP3-11 Sir geoffrey jefferson, a father of the SBNS, a remarkable life." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 90, no. 3 (February 14, 2019): e21.1-e21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2019-abn.65.

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ObjectivesThe foundation of a Society of Neurological Surgeons was Jefferson`s idea. How did this come about? The objective is to research this period of our history and its development.DesignA review of papers and articles held in the University of Manchester, The University of Oxford and abstracts from a biography of Jefferson by Peter Schurr, enables an historic presentation to the SBNS and the ABN.SubjectsIn 1926 Sir Geoffrey Jefferson was closely connected to the leading minds in British neurology and neurological surgery. His friendship and correspondence with Cushing was a major force in his drive for a specialist society. These players on the neurosurgical stage are the subjects of this presentation.MethodsAs in the design, the author will survey all available material including photography and handwritten manuscripts.ResultsOn the very next day after being appointed a consultant neurological surgeon at the Manchester Royal Infirmary, Jefferson arranged a meeting at the Athenaeum Club to consider the formation of our society. This was held on December the 2nd 1926 and the first formal scientific meeting was held on the 3rd at Queen Square!ConclusionsThe formation of this small society was crucial in presenting British neurosurgery as a specialty in its own right to medicine in the United Kingdom. No other neurosurgical society existed in Europe at this stage. Jefferson is indeed the father figure of our society today.

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Kürschner, Harald. "The subalpine thorn-cushion formations of western South-West Asia: ecology, structure and zonation." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 89 (1986): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000009003.

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SynopsisThe distribution and ecological characteristics of the thorn-cushion formations (Tragacanthic vegetation) in the western part of SW Asia are discussed. The typical structure of this formation is illustrated by 2 examples from the mountains of the Antilebanon. These show a clear zonation in relation to the growth form. This, and the available micro-climatological data, show that thorn-cushions reach their ecological optimum on windswept slopes and hill tops. This growth form is obviously an adaptation for sites exposed to strong winds. Taxa with this growth form have a competitive advantage in such habitats.

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CHOU, PEI-HSI, YOU-LI CHOU, CHOE-JAN CHIANG, TING-SHENG LIN, and SHU-ZON LOU. "BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSES OF STRESS DISTRIBUTION WITHIN THE SEATED BUTTOCK AND CUSHION." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 14, no. 06 (December 25, 2002): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237202000383.

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The elderly wheelchair users frequently encountered the prevalence of pressure sore, also known as decubitus, since they have to be seated in the wheelchair for daily activities. The major cause induced the formation of pressure sore was that the soft tissues were over-stressed. The purpose of this study was to provide the information about internal stresses of soft tissues and establish a simplified finite element model to simulate the behavior of the interface between human buttock and cushion. Computational stresses were verified by comparing the buttock-cushion interface pressures, which was measured with Q.A. pressure pads. The displacement of the cushion was also validated with the experimental results of buttock measuring system. Two cushion geometries, fat and contoured, were adopted in this study to explore the effects on stress distributions. The results showed that the simplified finite element model was consistent with the experimental data. Contoured cushions had better stress distribution and lower interface stress.

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Brodsky, Sergey V., Claudio Sandoval, Ninu Sharma, Yasmin Yusuf, Marcelo E. Facciuto, Marissa Humphrey, Y. Albert Yeh, Alex Braun, Myron Melamed, and Milton J. Finegold. "Recurrent Nested Stromal Epithelial Tumor of the Liver with Extrahepatic Metastasis: Case Report and Review of Literature." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 11, no. 6 (November 2008): 469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2350/07-12-0391.1.

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Nested stromal epithelial tumor is a recently described primary neoplasm of the liver. This tumor is characterized by well-demarcated nests of spindle and epithelioid cells with occasional calcification and bone formation. An association between these tumors and Cushing syndrome has been described. Herein we report a case of a recurrent nested stromal epithelial tumor of the liver in a 17-year-old female with aggressive clinical behavior and an extrahepatic lymph node metastasis. Also, we provide the first detailed clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic comparison of the original and recurrent tumors. Initially, the patient presented with Cushingoid symptoms and epigastric pain, radiating to her back. A computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed a large lesion in the liver. After a partial hepatectomy, the Cushingoid features were resolved. A year later, a CT scan revealed multiple lesions within the liver, and positron emission tomographic/CT imaging showed a hypermetabolic lymph node. The patient underwent a cadaveric liver transplant. Histologically, both the original and recurrent tumors had similar characteristics, with different immunoreactivity, correlating with the absence of systemic hormonal symptoms. Electron microscopy of the original neoplasm revealed an abundance of rough cytoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. No evidence of endocrine differentiation was found. Cytogenetics of the primary tumor was complex with an abnormal hypotriploid karyotype. Our data indicate that patients with nested stromal epithelial tumor of the liver must be carefully followed with imaging to detect hepatic recurrence and extrahepatic metastases.

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Liebner, Stefan, Anna Cattelino, Radiosa Gallini, Noemi Rudini, Monica Iurlaro, Stefano Piccolo, and Elisabetta Dejana. "β-Catenin is required for endothelial-mesenchymal transformation during heart cushion development in the mouse." Journal of Cell Biology 166, no. 3 (August 2, 2004): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200403050.

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During heart development endocardial cells within the atrio-ventricular (AV) region undergo TGFβ-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and invade the underlying cardiac jelly. This process gives rise to the endocardial cushions from which AV valves and part of the septum originate. In this paper we show that in mouse embryos and in AV explants TGFβ induction of endocardial EMT is strongly inhibited in mice deficient for endothelial β-catenin, leading to a lack of heart cushion formation. Using a Wnt-signaling reporter mouse strain, we demonstrated in vivo and ex vivo that EMT in heart cushion is accompanied by activation of β-catenin/TCF/Lef transcriptional activity. In cultured endothelial cells, TGFβ2 induces α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression. This process was strongly reduced in β-catenin null cells, although TGFβ2 induced smad phosphorylation was unchanged. These data demonstrate an involvement of β-catenin/TCF/Lef transcriptional activity in heart cushion formation, and suggest an interaction between TGFβ and Wnt-signaling pathways in the induction of endothelial-mesenchymal transformation.

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Fedorov, S. V., and V. M. Vasilyev. "Simulation of an air cushion inverted siphon." Вестник гражданских инженеров 18, no. 2 (2021): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2021-18-2-158-165.

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The article considers the problem of silting-up of sewage inverted siphons. A review of modern methods of hydraulic flushing is presented. To ensure reliable and energy-efficient operation of the inverted siphon, it is proposed to use the air cushion effect. To ensure the stable operation of the structure, a simulation of the inverted siphon installation was performed, consisting of two sections with nodes for receiving runoff from the drop risers, a node that provides water removal and a node for regulating the pressure in the air cushion. As a result of the simulation, there has been obtained the distribution of the volume fraction of the water phase and the gas phase, the pressure distribution in the horizontal and vertical inverted siphon pipelines and the values of the flow velocity during the formation of the air cushion. The use of separation partition walls at the ends of horizontal siphon pipelines allows creating autonomous air cushions and regulating the work for each section separately. The adaptation of the air cushion inverted siphon technology in relation to the main sewer system is considered to be promising.

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Athimulam, Shobana, Danae Delivanis, Melinda Thomas, William F. Young, Sundeep Khosla, Matthew T. Drake, and Irina Bancos. "The Impact of Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion on Bone Turnover Markers." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 5 (March 10, 2020): 1469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa120.

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Abstract Context Several studies have reported increased risk of fragility fractures in patients with mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS), discordant to the degree of bone density deterioration. Objective To evaluate the effect of MACS on bone metabolism in patients with adrenal adenomas. Design Cross-sectional study with prospective enrollment, 2014-2019 Setting Referral center. Patients 213 patients with adrenal adenomas: 22 Cushing syndrome (CS), 92 MACS and 99 nonfunctioning adrenal tumors (NFAT). Main Outcome Measures Osteocalcin, procollagen I intact N-terminal (PINP), C-terminal telopeptide (CTX), sclerostin. Results Patients with CS demonstrated lower markers of bone formation compared with patients with MACS and NFAT (CS vs MACS vs NFAT: mean osteocalcin 14.8 vs 20.1 vs 21.3 ng/mL [P < 0.0001]; mean PINP 34.8 vs 48.7 vs 48.5 µg/L [P = 0.003]). Severity of cortisol excess was inversely associated with sclerostin (CS vs MACS vs NFAT: mean sclerostin 419 vs 538 vs 624 ng/L, [P < 0.0001]). In a multivariable model of age, sex, body mass index, cortisol, and bone turnover markers, sclerostin was a significant predictor of low bone mass in patients with MACS (OR 0.63 [CI 95%, 0.40–0.98] for each 100 ng/L of sclerostin increase). After adrenalectomy, osteocalcin, CTX, and sclerostin increased by a mean difference of 6.3 ng/mL, 0.12 ng/mL, and 171 pg/mL (P = 0.02 for all), respectively. Conclusions Lower sclerostin level in patients with MACS reflects a reduction in osteocyte function or number associated with exposure to chronic cortisol excess. Increase in bone turnover markers after adrenalectomy suggests restoration of favorable bone metabolism.

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Anderson, Robert H., Andrew Cook, Nigel A. Brown, Deborah J. Henderson, Bill Chaudhry, and Timothy Mohun. "Development of the outflow tracts with reference to aortopulmonary windows and aortoventricular tunnels." Cardiology in the Young 20, S3 (December 2010): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951110001137.

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AbstractAlthough malformations involving the ventricular outflow tracts are often described as conotruncal malformations, there is no consensus as to the lesions included in, or excluded from, this category, reflecting, in part, the current lack of precise definitions of the embryonic truncus and conus. Analysis of development of the outflow tract in terms of proximal, intermediate, and distal components greatly facilitates understanding of the morphology of the aortopulmonary window and aortoventricular tunnels. The aortopulmonary windows reflect failure to close the embryonic aortopulmonary foramen, the space between the distal end of the cushions that divide the lumen of the outflow tract itself and the dorsal wall of the aortic sac. The aortopulmonary tunnels are produced subsequent to abnormal development of the cushions themselves. The distal ends of these cushions excavate to produce the sinuses and leaflets of the arterial valves. The proximal parts of the cushions muscularise to form the subpulmonary infundibulum. The middle part of the cushion mass disappears to provide a tissue plane between the infundibulum and the aortic root. Abnormal formation of this area accounts for the various types of aortoventricular tunnel. In our brief review, we show how the anatomy of these lesions correlates with development of the outflow tract.

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Dor, Y., T. D. Camenisch, A. Itin, G. I. Fishman, J. A. McDonald, P. Carmeliet, and E. Keshet. "A novel role for VEGF in endocardial cushion formation and its potential contribution to congenital heart defects." Development 128, no. 9 (May 1, 2001): 1531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.9.1531.

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Normal cardiovascular development is exquisitely dependent on the correct dosage of the angiogenic growth factor and vascular morphogen vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). However, cardiac expression of VEGF is also robustly augmented during hypoxic insults, potentially mediating the well-established teratogenic effects of hypoxia on heart development. We report that during normal heart morphogenesis VEGF is specifically upregulated in the atrioventricular (AV) field of the heart tube soon after the onset of endocardial cushion formation (i.e. the endocardium-derived structures that build the heart septa and valves). To model hypoxia-dependent induction of VEGF in vivo, we conditionally induced VEGF expression in the myocardium using a tetracycline-regulated transgenic system. Premature induction of myocardial VEGF in E9.5 embryos to levels comparable with those induced by hypoxia prevented formation of endocardial cushions. When added to explanted embryonic AV tissue, VEGF fully inhibited endocardial-to-mesenchymal transformation. Transformation was also abrogated in AV explants subjected to experimental hypoxia but fully restored in the presence of an inhibitory soluble VEGF receptor 1 chimeric protein. Together, these results suggest a novel developmental role for VEGF as a negative regulator of endocardial-to-mesenchymal transformation that underlies the formation of endocardial cushions. Moreover, ischemia-induced VEGF may be the molecular link between hypoxia and congenital defects in heart septation.

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Yalcin, Huseyin C., Akshay Shekhar, Nozomi Nishimura, Ajinkya A. Rane, Chris B. Schaffer, and Jonathan T. Butcher. "Two-photon microscopy-guided femtosecond-laser photoablation of avian cardiogenesis: noninvasive creation of localized heart defects." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 299, no. 5 (November 2010): H1728—H1735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00495.2010.

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Embryonic heart formation is driven by complex feedback between genetic and hemodynamic stimuli. Clinical congenital heart defects (CHD), however, often manifest as localized microtissue malformations with no underlying genetic mutation, suggesting that altered hemodynamics during embryonic development may play a role. An investigation of this relationship has been impaired by a lack of experimental tools that can create locally targeted cardiac perturbations. Here we have developed noninvasive optical techniques that can modulate avian cardiogenesis to dissect relationships between alterations in mechanical signaling and CHD. We used two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy to monitor cushion and ventricular dynamics and femtosecond pulsed laser photoablation to target micrometer-sized volumes inside the beating chick hearts. We selectively photoablated a small (∼100 μm radius) region of the superior atrioventricular (AV) cushion in Hamburger-Hamilton 24 chick embryos. We quantified via ultrasound that the disruption causes AV regurgitation, which resulted in a venous pooling of blood and severe arterial constriction. At 48 h postablation, quantitative X-ray microcomputed tomography imaging demonstrated stunted ventricular growth and pronounced left atrial dilation. A histological analysis demonstrated that the laser ablation produced defects localized to the superior AV cushion: a small quasispherical region of cushion tissue was completely obliterated, and the area adjacent to the myocardial wall was less cellularized. Both cushions and myocardium were significantly smaller than sham-operated controls. Our results highlight that two-photon excited fluorescence coupled with femtosecond pulsed laser photoablation should be considered a powerful tool for studying hemodynamic signaling in cardiac morphogenesis through the creation of localized microscale defects that may mimic clinical CHD.

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Al-Asadi, Rahi N. "A Comparative Study between Inverting and Appositional Suture Patterns for Cystotomy Closure in Dog." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 38, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v38i1.254.

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The present study is designed to evaluate two sutures pattern techniques (inverting and appositional) for urinary bladder closure following experimental cystotomy in dogs. Thirty two adult local breed males’ dogs were enrolled for this study, aged 1-3 years and weighing 18-23 kg. Dogs were randomly allocated into two equal groups. In the first group, cystotomies were closed via double-layers of continuous inverting suture pattern (Lambert and Cushing); while, in the second group, bladders incisions were closed by single-layer appositional suture pattern (simple interrupted) which did not involve the mucosa (extra-mucosal). Synthetic absorbable suture material polydiaxnone PDS 3/0 was used to close the bladder in all experimental animal groups. Surgery was done under the effect of general anesthesia using a combination of ketamine at a dose rate of 15mg/kg and xylazine at a dose 5mg/kg B.W. Dogs were premedicated by atropine sluphate at a dose 0.03mg/kg. All drugs administered intramuscularly. There were highly significant (P <0.05) differences in operative times between the two groups. In inverting group, the time was 40 ± 4.50 minutes which was higher than that recorded for appositional group 25±2.50 minutes. The animals were followedup clinically during the studied period to record the secondary complications. Results reflected hematuria n=4, swelling of the operative site n=3 and urinary incontinence n=2. These complications were transient and disappeared in a short time. Also macroscopical and microscopical examinations were performed at 3,7,14 and 21 days post-surgery. Four dogs were used for each period. The main macroscopical finding was slight to moderate adhesions n = 3 between omentum and the wall of urinary bladder in both group. Microscopical examination of urinary bladder reflected earlier urolithium formation in appositional pattern (14 days) while inverted group (21 days). In conclusion, appositional pattern is technically easier and economic. Bladder regeneration was accomplished within 14 days in comparison with inverting pattern which reflected bladder regeneration at 21 days post-surgery.

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Noden, D. M. "Origins and patterning of avian outflow tract endocardium." Development 111, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 867–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.111.4.867.

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Outflow tract endocardium links the atrioventricular lining, which develops from cardiogenic plate mesoderm, with aortic arches, whose lining forms collectively from splanchnopleuric endothelial channels, local endothelial vesicles, and invasive angioblasts. At two discrete sites, outflow tract endocardial cells participate in morphogenetic events not within the repertoire of neighboring endocardium: they form mesenchymal precursors of endocardial cushions. The objectives of this research were to document the history of outflow tract endocardium in the avian embryo immediately prior to development of the heart, and to ascertain which, if any, aspects of this history are necessary to acquire cushion-forming potential. Paraxial and lateral mesodermal tissues from between somitomere 3 (midbrain level) and somite 5 were grafted from quail into chick embryos at 3–10 somite stages and, after 2–5 days incubation, survivors were fixed and sectioned. Tissues were stained with the Feulgen reaction to visualize the quail nuclear marker or with antibodies (monoclonal QH1 or polyclonals) that recognize quail but not chick cells. Many quail endothelial cells lose the characteristic nuclear heterochromatin marker, but they retain the species-specific epitope recognized by these antibodies. Precursors of outflow tract but not atrioventricular endocardium are present in cephalic paraxial and lateral mesoderm, with their greatest concentration at the level of the otic placode. Furthermore, the ventral movement of individual angiogenic cells is a normal antecedent to outflow tract formation. Cardiac myocytes were never derived from grafted head mesoderm. Thus, unlike the atrioventricular regions of the heart, outflow tract endocardial and myocardial precursors do not share a congruent embryonic history. The results of heterotopic transplantation, in which trunk paraxial or lateral mesoderm was grafted into the head, were identical, including the formation of cushion mesenchyme. This means that cushion positioning and inductive influences must operate locally within the developing heart tubes.

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STAINIER, D. Y. R., D. BEIS, B. JUNGBLUT, and T. BARTMAN. "Endocardial Cushion Formation in Zebrafish." Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 67 (January 1, 2002): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/sqb.2002.67.49.

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Poelmann, Robert E., Adriana C. Gittenberger-de Groot, Charissa Goerdajal, Nimrat Grewal, Merijn A. G. De Bakker, and Michael K. Richardson. "Ventricular Septation and Outflow Tract Development in Crocodilians Result in Two Aortas with Bicuspid Semilunar Valves." Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 8, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd8100132.

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Background: The outflow tract of crocodilians resembles that of birds and mammals as ventricular septation is complete. The arterial anatomy, however, presents with a pulmonary trunk originating from the right ventricular cavum, and two aortas originating from either the right or left ventricular cavity. Mixing of blood in crocodilians cannot occur at the ventricular level as in other reptiles but instead takes place at the aortic root level by a shunt, the foramen of Panizza, the opening of which is guarded by two facing semilunar leaflets of both bicuspid aortic valves. Methods: Developmental stages of Alligator mississipiensis, Crocodilus niloticus and Caiman latirostris were studied histologically. Results and Conclusions: The outflow tract septation complex can be divided into two components. The aorto-pulmonary septum divides the pulmonary trunk from both aortas, whereas the interaortic septum divides the systemic from the visceral aorta. Neural crest cells are most likely involved in the formation of both components. Remodeling of the endocardial cushions and both septa results in the formation of bicuspid valves in all three arterial trunks. The foramen of Panizza originates intracardially as a channel in the septal endocardial cushion.

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Gao, Bo, Xiao Gui Zhang, and Ji Fei Cai. "A Study on Stoma Arrangement of Air-Cushion Lamination and Numerical Simulation of the Pressure Field." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 1416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.1416.

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Cushion has a wide range of applications in engineering. It is a new attempt to use it in the field of printing and packaging lamination process, to get a numerical simulation study analyzes for the distribution of the formation pressure of the air cushion pressure chamber. On the basis of analysis of the principle of air-cushion laminated device, make it clear for the requirements of the air cushion pressure distribution, pressure distribution from a single stomatal mathematical model, using ANSYS finite element software, numerical simulation of multi-stoma pressure distribution. The results showed that: stomata arranged in the form of cushion thickness, stomatal spacing and stomatal row spacing uniformity of the distribution greater impact on the cushion pressure; small stomatal spacing and stomatal row spacing will help improve the air cushion pressure distribution uniformity; reasonable cushion thickness stomatal spacing and stomatal row spacing, the selected diameter of the pores smaller cushion pressure distribution uniformity.

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Maheshwari, H. K., and Rajni Tiwari. "Ancorisporites venkatachalae sp. nov. from the lower permian of Bihar, India." Journal of Palaeosciences 37, no. (1-3) (December 31, 1988): 152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.1988.1611.

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The diagnosis of the genus Ancorisporites is emended to include megaspores without cushions on their mesosporia. The new species recorded from the Karharbari Formation is diagnosed by anchor-shaped appendages all over the exosporium and a characteristic mesosporium with numerous cushions trigonally arranged around the triradiate mark.

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Combrinck, Madeleine L., Thomas M. Harms, Melodie A. McGeoch, Janine Schoombie, and Peter Christiaan le Roux. "Wind and seed: a conceptual model of shape-formation in the cushion plant Azorella Selago." Plant and Soil 455, no. 1-2 (August 29, 2020): 339–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04665-3.

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Abstract Aims The sub-Antarctic cushion plant, Azorella selago, is usually hemispherical when small but frequently crescent-shaped when larger. Spatial variation in wind speed and in air-borne seed and sediment deposition is examined to determine if wind scouring and deposition patterns could contribute to the development of non-hemispherical shapes in cushion plants. Methods Computational fluid dynamic analyses were conducted for hemispherical and crescent-shaped cushion plants parameterizing models with data from A. selago habitats on Marion Island. Numerical data were contextualized with field observations to arrive at a conceptual model for shape development. Results Airflow modelling showed that both wind scouring and seed deposition of the commonly co-occurring grass Agrostis magellanica are greater on the windward side of the plant. By contrast, heavier sediment particles are predominantly deposited on the leeward side of plants, leading to burial of lee-side A. selago stems. This sediment accumulation may initiate the development of the crescent-shape in hemispherical plants by increasing stem mortality on the plant’s leeward edge. Once developed, the crescent-shape is probably self-reinforcing because it generates greater air recirculation (and lower air velocities) which enhances further deposition and establishment of A. magellanica grasses in the lee of the crescent. The conceptual model consists therefore of three stages namely, (1) negligible air recirculation, (2) sediment deposition and grass establishment, and (3) differential cushion growth. Conclusion This conceptual model of plant shape development may explain the occurrence and orientation of crescent-shaped cushion plants and highlights how predicted changes in wind patterns may affect vegetation patterns.

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Tsoriev, Timur T., Zhanna E. Belaya, Lyudmila Y. Rozhinskaya, and Larisa V. Nikankina. "Evaluation of diagnostic potential of the collagen osteogenesis marker (P1NP) compared with osteocalcin in Cushing’s disease." Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases 22, no. 1 (November 21, 2019): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/osteo10266.

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Background: Secondary osteoporosis is a significant problem, especially in patients with endocrine pathology, which is not accompanied constantly by distinct clinical symptoms. Markers of bone origin are needed, which could be used in osteoporosis diagnosis to clarify its genesis, especially in young people who have secondary osteoporosis more often than older patients. In Cushings disease (CD), such a marker, in addition to osteocalcin, could be another bone formation marker, procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP). Aims: To study the diagnostic potential of P1NP as an additional marker of endogenous hypercortisolism (Cushings disease) compared to osteocalcin. Materials and methods: The study involved patients with Cushings disease and healthy volunteers, matched by gender, age, and body mass index. The levels of osteocalcin and P1NP were assessed in both groups, the electrochemiluminescence method for P1NP (Cobas e411 (Roche, Switzerland)) and for osteocalcin (Cobas 6000 Module e601 (Roche, Switzerland)) was used. ROC analysis was performed with the calculation of sensitivity and specificity of the method to determine the cut-off point for P1NP in CD diagnosis. Results: 29 patients with Cushings disease and 27 healthy individuals from the control group were included in the study. There were no differences in age, sex and body mass index (p = 0.488, 0.426 and 0.531, respectively). Both studied bone formation markers (osteocalcin and P1NP) were reduced in patients with CD: 8.53 ng/ml (Q25%;Q75% 5.40; 12.41) versus 22.45 ng/ml (Q25%;Q75% 17.36; 26.31) (p 0.001) and 28.50 ng/ml (Q25%;Q75% 18.00; 44.00) versus 56.50 ng/ml (Q25%;Q75% 39.50; 65.50) (p 0.001), respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.808 (95% CI 0.6930.924) for P1NP and 0.925 (95% CI 0.8570.992) for osteocalcin, that indicates the greater diagnostic value of osteocalcin for CD verification in healthy controls. Optimal cut-off points were obtained: 53.4 ng/ml (values below are more typical for patients with CD; sensitivity of the method is 96.55%, specificity 57.69%) for P1NP and 15.285 ng/ml (below for patients with CD; sensitivity was 92.59%, specificity 77.78 %) for osteocalcin. Conclusions: The diagnostic potential of osteocalcin to detect Cushings disease in the population is higher compared to P1NP. However, applying of P1NP can be useful because, unlike osteocalcin, it is a direct indicator of the formation of bone matrix collagen structures, that is important for assessing the degree of inhibition of collagen type 1 synthesis in CD and deterioration of bone tissue due to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.

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Taguchi, Takafumi, Ayako Ishibashi, Taro Shuin, and Yoshio Terada. "Callus Formation in a Patient with Cushing's Syndrome." Internal Medicine 50, no. 17 (2011): 1861–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.50.5730.

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Erental, A., A. Harel, and O. Yarden. "Type 2A Phosphoprotein Phosphatase Is Required for Asexual Development and Pathogenesis of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 20, no. 8 (August 2007): 944–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-20-8-0944.

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Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a necrotrophic, omnivorous plant pathogen with worldwide distribution. Sclerotia of S. sclerotiorumare pigmented, multihyphal structures that play a central role in the life and infection cycles of this pathogen. Plant infection depends on the formation of melanin-rich infection cushions, and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes and oxalic acid. Type 2A Ser/Thr phosphatases (PP2As) are involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular process. In the presence of cantharidin, a PP2A-specific inhibitor, hyphal elongation and sclerotia numbers were impaired whereas sclerotial size increased. We partially inactivated PP2A by antisense expression of the gene (pph1) encoding the PP2A catalytic subunit. When antisense expression was induced, almost complete cessation of fungal growth was observed, indicative of a crucial role for PP2A in fungal growth. RNAi-based gene silencing was employed to alter the expression of the 55-kDa R2 (B regulatory subunit). Isolates in which rgb1 RNA levels were decreased were slow growing, but viable. Melanin biosynthesis, infection-cushion production, and pathogenesis were significantly impaired in the rgb1 mutants, yet theses mutants were pathogenic on wounded leaves. Reduced ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinases)-like mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) function conferred a reduction in NADPH oxidase and PP2A activity levels, suggesting a functional link between MAPK, reactive oxygen species, and PP2A activity in S. sclerotiorum.

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Enciso, Josephine M., Dita Gratzinger, Todd D. Camenisch, Sandra Canosa, Emese Pinter, and Joseph A. Madri. "Elevated glucose inhibits VEGF-A–mediated endocardial cushion formation." Journal of Cell Biology 160, no. 4 (February 17, 2003): 605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200209014.

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Atrioventricular (AV) septal defects resulting from aberrant endocardial cushion (EC) formation are observed at increased rates in infants of diabetic mothers. EC formation occurs via an epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), involving transformation of endocardial cells into mesenchymal cells, migration, and invasion into extracellular matrix. Here, we report that elevated glucose inhibits EMT by reducing myocardial vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). This effect is reversed with exogenous recombinant mouse VEGF-A165, whereas addition of soluble VEGF receptor-1 blocks EMT. We show that disruption of EMT is associated with persistence of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and decreased matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression. These findings correlate with retention of a nontransformed endocardial sheet and lack of invasion. The MMP inhibitor GM6001 blocks invasion, whereas explants from PECAM-1 deficient mice exhibit MMP-2 induction and normal EMT in high glucose. PECAM-1–negative endothelial cells are highly motile and express more MMP-2 than do PECAM-1–positive endothelial cells. During EMT, loss of PECAM-1 similarly promotes single cell motility and MMP-2 expression. Our findings suggest that high glucose-induced inhibition of AV cushion morphogenesis results from decreased myocardial VEGF-A expression and is, in part, mediated by persistent endocardial cell PECAM-1 expression and failure to up-regulate MMP-2 expression.

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Huang, Jin, Lu Xia, You Shou Zhang, and Si Nian Li. "An Investigation on Formation Mechanisms of Wrinkles on Steel Casting Surfaces." Key Engineering Materials 531-532 (December 2012): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.531-532.295.

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The formation mechanisms of horizontal wrinkles and water wave wrinkles on steel casting surface have been investigated in this study. The horizontal wrinkles, which are the traces of rising steel flow overlapping, are caused by low pouring temperature and slow molten steel flow rising rate. The water wave wrinkles are resulted from the use of an alcohol-based refractory coating with poor permeability and strong penetration behavior. This coating may penetrate deeply into the pores of sand mold and are not easy to be dried by flame combustion. When pouring the alcohol containing in the coating will volatilize and generate a large amount of gas, forming a gas cushion at steel-mold interface. With the gas escapes gradually, the gas cushion disappears, leaving a gap between the steel and the mold, the solidifying casting surface layer will freely fall down and creep in this gap under gravity itself, resulting in casting surface wrinkling.

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Wang, Ren Zhe. "The Conductive Composites Test Technology for the Reinforced Cushioned Formation." Key Engineering Materials 500 (January 2012): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.500.80.

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The sensing technology based on sensitive conductive composites was used on the reinforced cushion in a coal mine silo foundation. The reinforced belt sensor made from sensitive conductive rubber’s composites was flexible and large deformation. It is the ideal test sensor for the low-modulus and large strain reinforce belt. The results show that the new type of sensor performance is stability and the test is good.

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Zhang, Chaohui, Yuxin Li, Jiaheng Cao, Beibei Yu, Kaiyue Zhang, Ke Li, Xinhui Xu, et al. "Hedgehog signalling controls sinoatrial node development and atrioventricular cushion formation." Open Biology 11, no. 6 (June 2021): 210020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.210020.

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Smoothened is a key receptor of the hedgehog pathway, but the roles of Smoothened in cardiac development remain incompletely understood. In this study, we found that the conditional knockout of Smoothened from the mesoderm impaired the development of the venous pole of the heart and resulted in hypoplasia of the atrium/inflow tract (IFT) and a low heart rate. The blockage of Smoothened led to reduced expression of genes critical for sinoatrial node (SAN) development in the IFT. In a cardiac cell culture model, we identified a Gli2–Tbx5–Hcn4 pathway that controls SAN development. In the mutant embryos, the endocardial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in the atrioventricular cushion failed, and Bmp signalling was downregulated. The addition of Bmp2 rescued the EndMT in mutant explant cultures. Furthermore, we analysed Gli2 + scRNAseq and Tbx5 −/− RNAseq data and explored the potential genes downstream of hedgehog signalling in posterior second heart field derivatives. In conclusion, our study reveals that Smoothened-mediated hedgehog signalling controls posterior cardiac progenitor commitment, which suggests that the mutation of Smoothened might be involved in the aetiology of congenital heart diseases related to the cardiac conduction system and heart valves.

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Gershman, Daniel J., Gina A. DiBraccio, John E. P. Connerney, Fran Bagenal, William S. Kurth, George B. Hospodarsky, Lori Spalsbury, et al. "Juno Constraints on the Formation of Jupiter's Magnetospheric Cushion Region." Geophysical Research Letters 45, no. 18 (September 28, 2018): 9427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018gl079118.

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Ryzhkov, Nikolay V., and Ekaterina V. Skorb. "A platform for light-controlled formation of free-stranding lipid membranes." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 17, no. 163 (February 2020): 20190740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0740.

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The engineering of artificial cells is one of the most significant scientific challenges. Thus, controlled fabrication and in situ monitoring of biomimetic nanoscale objects are among the central issues in current science and technology. Studies of transmembrane channels and cell mechanics often require the formation of lipid bilayers (LBs), their modification and their transfer to a particular place. We present here a novel approach for remotely controlled manipulation of LBs. Layer-by-layer deposition of polyethyleneimine and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) on a nanostructured TiO 2 photoanode was performed to obtain a surface with the desired net charge and to enhance photocatalytic performance. The LB was deposited on top of a multi-layer positive polymer cushion by the dispersion of negative vesicles. The separation distance between the electrostatically linked polyelectrolyte cushion and the LB can be adjusted by changing the environmental pH, as zwitter-ionic lipid molecules undergo pH-triggered charge-shifting. Protons were generated remotely by photoanodic water decomposition on the TiO 2 surface under 365 nm illumination. The resulting pH gradient was characterized by scanning vibrating electrode and scanning ion-selective electrode techniques. The light-induced reversible detachment of the LB from the polymer-cushioned photoactive substrate was found to correlate with suggested impedance models.

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Tran, Minh The Uyen, Thi Van Anh Duong, Huu Tri Nguyen, and Van Phuc Nguyen. "Study on Rubber-Pad Formation for Sheet Metal." Solid State Phenomena 330 (April 12, 2022): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-xh91jr.

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This article introduces four rubber-pad formation techniques for the pressing and drawing of components from thin sheet metals. The Guerin process is the simplest technique of rubber formation, which enables the production of shallow sheet metal parts with complex contours and bends. Free formation is another technique used to draw near-hemispherical shells using a rubber medium. Different bending processes can also be conducted using a rubber pad as a flexible die. Multipoint formation is applied to form complex three-dimensional sheet metal parts with discrete dies and rubber cushions. The fundamentals of these techniques as well as the influence of process parameters on the results are investigated in this paper

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Nakajima, Yuji, Kohei Miyazono, Mitsuyasu Kato, Masao Takase, Toshiyuki Yamagishi, and Hiroaki Nakamura. "Extracellular Fibrillar Structure of Latent TGFβ Binding Protein-1: Role in TGFβ-dependent Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transformation during Endocardial Cushion Tissue Formation in Mouse Embryonic Heart." Journal of Cell Biology 136, no. 1 (January 13, 1997): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.136.1.193.

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Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is a dimeric peptide growth factor which regulates cellular differentiation and proliferation during development. Most cells secrete TGFβ as a large latent TGFβ complex containing mature TGFβ, latency associated peptide, and latent TGFβ-binding protein (LTBP)-1. The biological role of LTBP-1 in development remains unclear. Using a polyclonal antiserum specific for LTBP-1 (Ab39) and three-dimensional collagen gel culture assay of embryonic heart, we examined the tissue distribution of LTBP-1 and its functional role during the formation of endocardial cushion tissue in the mouse embryonic heart. Mature TGFβ protein was required at the onset of the endothelial-mesenchymal transformation to initiate endocardial cushion tissue formation. Double antibody staining showed that LTBP-1 colocalized with TGFβ1 as an extracellular fibrillar structure surrounding the endocardial cushion mesenchymal cells. Immunogold electronmicroscopy showed that LTBP-1 localized to 40–100 nm extracellular fibrillar structure and 5–10-nm microfibrils. The anti–LTBP-1 antiserum (Ab39) inhibited the endothelial-mesenchymal transformation in atrio-ventricular endocardial cells cocultured with associated myocardium on a three-dimensional collagen gel lattice. This inhibitory effect was reversed by administration of mature TGFβ proteins in culture. These results suggest that LTBP-1 exists as an extracellular fibrillar structure and plays a role in the storage of TGFβ as a large latent TGFβ complex.

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Domínguez, Juan Francisco Canal, and César Rodríguez Gutiérrez. "Collective bargaining, wage dispersion and the economic cycle: Spanish evidence." Economic and Labour Relations Review 27, no. 4 (October 25, 2016): 471–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035304616675782.

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This research analyses the effect of a ‘two-tier’ system of collective bargaining (firm bargaining and multi-employer bargaining levels) on wage dispersion in Spain. The effect of collective bargaining on the two main concepts that make up wages (the contractual or basic-bargained wage, and the wage cushion) are analysed during the last period of the upward cycle (2002–2006) and the beginning of the global financial crisis (2006–2010). The wage cushion is defined as the difference between the earned wage and the basic-bargained wage. The results show that workers covered by firm bargaining experienced greater wage dispersion than workers covered by multi-employer bargaining. On the other hand, wage dispersion for all workers decreased during the analysis period, mainly during the first stage of the current economic crisis, and particularly among workers covered by multi-employer bargaining. Both the decreasing relevance of the wage cushion in actual wage formation and its reduced dispersion make it possible to explain this wage compression.

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Singh, Reena, Willem M. Hoogaars, Phil Barnett, Thomas Grieskamp, M. Sameer Rana, Henk Buermans, Henner F. Farin, et al. "Tbx2 and Tbx3 induce atrioventricular myocardial development and endocardial cushion formation." Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 69, no. 8 (December 1, 2011): 1377–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-011-0884-2.

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Lee, Young-Hoon, and Jean-Pierre Saint-Jeannet. "Characterization of molecular markers to assess cardiac cushions formation in Xenopus." Developmental Dynamics 238, no. 12 (December 2009): 3257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.22148.

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Mizuta, Ken, Masahide Sakabe, Aya Hashimoto, Tomoko Ioka, Chihiro Sakai, Kazuki Okumura, Miwa Hattammaru, et al. "Impairment of endothelial-mesenchymal transformation during atrioventricular cushion formation inTmem100null embryos." Developmental Dynamics 244, no. 1 (November 7, 2014): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.24216.

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Yamagishi, Toshiyuki, Katsumi Ando, and Hiroaki Nakamura. "Roles of TGFβ and BMP during valvulo–septal endocardial cushion formation." Anatomical Science International 84, no. 3 (March 14, 2009): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12565-009-0027-0.

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FORGET, HÉLÈNE, ANDRÉ LACROIX, MAURICE SOMMA, and HENRI COHEN. "Cognitive decline in patients with Cushing's syndrome." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 6, no. 1 (January 2000): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617700611037.

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Chronic exposure to elevated glucocorticoid levels in Cushing's syndrome (CS), is associated with deficits in cognitive function and in emotion. The hippocampus plays a crucial role in the behavioral manifestations of the syndrome as it is richest in glucocorticoid receptors and is thus particularly vulnerable to glucocorticoid excess. The wide distribution of glucocorticoid receptors throughout the cerebral cortex, however, suggests that several cognitive functions can also be affected by the dysregulation of glucocorticoids. In this study, we investigated how an excess of glucocorticoid hormones affects cognitive processes. Nineteen patients with chronic hypercortisolemia due to CS were compared to healthy controls matched for age, sex, education, and occupation in tests of processing of visual and spatial information, memory, reasoning and concept formation, language and verbal functions, and attention. Multivariate and univariate analyses revealed overall differences in tests of treatment of visual and spatial information, reasoning and concept formation as well as in verbal and language performance, with poorer performance from CS patients. Differences were also observed in nonverbal aspects of memory and in attention tasks. The results suggest that chronic exposure to elevated levels of cortisol is associated with deficits in several areas of cognition, particularly those involving processing of selective attention and visual components. This study also shows that hormones play an important role in the modulation of cognitive function and that their influence on cerebral structure and function merits closer scrutiny. (JINS, 2000, 6, 20–29.)

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Locantore, Pietro, Rosa Maria Paragliola, Gianluca Cera, Roberto Novizio, Ettore Maggio, Vittoria Ramunno, Andrea Corsello, and Salvatore Maria Corsello. "Genetic Basis of ACTH-Secreting Adenomas." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 12 (June 19, 2022): 6824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126824.

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Cushing’s disease represents 60–70% of all cases of Cushing’s syndrome, presenting with a constellation of clinical features associated with sustained hypercortisolism. Molecular alterations in corticotrope cells lead to the formation of ACTH-secreting adenomas, with subsequent excessive production of endogenous glucocorticoids. In the last few years, many authors have contributed to analyzing the etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology of corticotrope adenomas, which still need to be fully clarified. New molecular modifications such as somatic mutations of USP8 and other genes have been identified, and several case series and case reports have been published, highlighting new molecular alterations that need to be explored. To investigate the current knowledge of the genetics of ACTH-secreting adenomas, we performed a bibliographic search of the recent scientific literature to identify all pertinent articles. This review presents the most recent updates on somatic and germline mutations underlying Cushing’s disease. The prognostic implications of these mutations, in terms of clinical outcomes and therapeutic scenarios, are still debated. Further research is needed to define the clinical features associated with the different genotypes and potential pharmacological targets.

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Maimun, Adi, Mehdi Nakisa, Yasser M. Ahmed, Fatemeh Behrouzi, Koh K. Koh, and Agoes Priyanto. "Hydrodynamic Resistance Reduction of Multi-Purpose Amphibious Vehicle due to Air Bubble Effect." Applied Mechanics and Materials 819 (January 2016): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.819.335.

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Multipurpose Amphibious Vehicles (MAV) and other blunt shaped floating vehicles encounter the problem of a large bow wave forming and hydrodynamic resistance at high speeds. This wave formation is accompanied by higher resistance and at a critical speed results in bow submerging or swamping. Three new shapes of hull bow design for the multipurpose amphibious vehicle were conducted at several speeds to investigate the hydrodynamic phenomena using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD, RANS code), which is applied by Ansys-CFX14.0 and Maxsurf. The vehicle’s hydrodynamic bow shapes were able to break up induced waves and avoid swamping. Comparative results with the vehicle fitted with U-shape, V-shape and Flat-shape of hull bow, showed that the U-shape of the hull bow has reduced the total resistance to 20.3% and 13.6% compared with the V-shape and flat shape respectively. Though, the U-shape of hull bow is capable to increase the amphibious operating life and speed of vehicle. Also it has ability to reduce the vehicle’s required power, fossil fuel consumption and wetted hull surface. On the other hand, the use of air cushions to support marine vehicles, heavy floating structures and in other operation is well known. The main problem in Multi-purpose Amphibious Vehicles (MAV) is the amount of power needed in order to overcome the hydrodynamic resistance acting on the hull which is included the frictional and pressure resistances. Therefore, more power is needed to move the MAV forward. In this respect, more fuel will be required to operate the amphibious vehicles. This problem could be effectively reduced by the introduction of the air cushion concept. With the air being drawn from top of craft to the cavity below the hull will produce some cushioning effect and also help to reduce skin friction drag. In this paper, air cushion effect will be studied in rigid surface cavity instead of using flexible skirts. This would avoid the problem of high maintenance due to replacement of damaged skirts. Finally, the MAV will be supported using air cavity and bubbles generated by an air pump (compressor and air pressure vessel) to pushes the hull of multi-purpose amphibious vehicle up and reduce the frictional resistance due to draft and wetted surface reduction and layer of air between hull surface and water. This research would be done via CFD (ANSYS-CFX 14.0) and analyzed the hydrodynamic resistance

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Wang, Yu Ping, Hui Hong Zhu, Yi Zhang, Pan Wei Xue, Jian Wang, and Xiao Rong Sun. "Hardware Design and Research of Intermittent Pressure Thrombotic Treatment Controller Based on Cortex M3." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 3329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.3329.

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Based on the master chip microcontroller ARM CortexM3, intermittent pressure thrombosis treatment instrument controller controls air pulse through the pump, thecushion is so quickly inflated.After each effective inflatable pressure, the controller makes automatically inflatable cushion air discharge, so the use of physical methods is to prevent and treat human venous thromboembolism, reduce venous stasis, and effectively prevent deep vein thrombosis formation.

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Mazzuco, Tānia L., Olivier Chabre, Nathalie Sturm, Jean-Jacques Feige, and Michaël Thomas. "Ectopic Expression of the Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide Receptor Gene Is a Sufficient Genetic Event to Induce Benign Adrenocortical Tumor in a Xenotransplantation Model." Endocrinology 147, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 782–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2005-0921.

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Aberrant expression of ectopic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in adrenal cortex tissue has been observed in several cases of ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasias and adenomas associated with Cushing’s syndrome. Although there is clear clinical evidence for the implication of these ectopic receptors in abnormal regulation of cortisol production, whether this aberrant GPCR expression is the cause or the consequence of the development of an adrenal hyperplasia is still an open question. To answer it, we genetically engineered primary bovine adrenocortical cells to have them express the gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor. After transplantation of these modified cells under the renal capsule of adrenalectomized immunodeficient mice, tissues formed had their functional and histological characteristics analyzed. We observed the formation of an enlarged and hyperproliferative adenomatous adrenocortical tissue that secreted cortisol in a gastric inhibitory polypeptide-dependent manner and induced a mild Cushing’s syndrome with hyperglycemia. Moreover, we show that tumor development was ACTH independent. Thus, a single genetic event, inappropriate expression of a nonmutated GPCR gene, is sufficient to initiate the complete phenotypic alterations that ultimately lead to the formation of a benign adrenocortical tumor.

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Sondhi, Palak, Dhanbir Lingden, and Keith J. Stine. "Structure, Formation, and Biological Interactions of Supported Lipid Bilayers (SLB) Incorporating Lipopolysaccharide." Coatings 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2020): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10100981.

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Biomimetic membrane systems play a crucial role in the field of biosensor engineering. Over the years, significant progress has been achieved creating artificial membranes by various strategies from vesicle fusion to Langmuir transfer approaches to meet an ever-growing demand for supported lipid bilayers on various substrates such as glass, mica, gold, polymer cushions, and many more. This paper reviews the diversity seen in the preparation of biologically relevant model lipid membranes which includes monolayers and bilayers of phospholipid and other crucial components such as proteins, characterization techniques, changes in the physical properties of the membranes during molecular interactions and the dynamics of the lipid membrane with biologically active molecules with special emphasis on lipopolysaccharides (LPS).

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Peng, Bang Ying, Jian Hua Yan, and Shu Cao. "Design & Calculation of Air Chamber of Air Cushion Belt Conveyor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 473 (December 2013): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.473.3.

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The article mainly provides an overview of air cushion belt conveyor, and describes design of air chamber, as an important part of the air cushion belt conveyor. The article introduces reasonable structure design of the air chamber from aspect of practical experience. In addition, the article researches air pressure design and calculation of air chamber, design and calculation of air volume of the air chamber, as well as power determination and design calculation on fan. The article designs and calculates per opening area of the air chamber as well as opening method of the chute depending on air pressure and air volume, and simultaneously analyzes formation influence factors and features of air pad in the chute. And finally, the article proposes reference conclusion and suggestions on the basis of research on the design of the air chamber.

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Olenev, Aleksej S., Lyudmila V. Tyrtova, Natalia V. Parshina, Maria E. Turkunova, and Oksana K. Gorkina. "Cushing’s syndrome as a result of nasal drops for the eyes with dexamethasone (clinical observations)." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 13, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped13151-59.

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Cushings syndrome often develops due to an excessive intake of glucocorticoids with oral, intravenous, intramuscular administration, but it is possible to get a similar complication with intranasal administration. In this article, we present two cases of children who received nasal eye drops with dexamethasone. The use of drugs for 56 months in one case, and 3 years in another led to the formation of a typical clinical picture of the syndrome. The patients showed progressive dysplastic obesity with a moon-shaped face, atrophic skin changes with the appearance of red-violet, crimson stretch marks, and a decrease in the growth rate. There were some peculiarities in the results of laboratory and instrumental examination, due to age-sex characteristics and the duration of taking dexamethasone. According to the totality of anamnestic, clinical and laboratory parameters, instrumental examination, a drug-induced cushingoid syndrome was diagnosed. Subsequent follow-up after discontinuation of the drug confirmed the diagnosis. The presented clinical cases emphasize that the eye drops contain high doses of steroids and can lead to the development of Cushings syndrome, especially in children with intranasal use. When using nasal drops, it should be borne in mind that glucocorticoids will enter the mouth and be absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. One should take into account the possibility of psychological dependence on such drops and, as a result, uncontrolled consumption by adolescent children.

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Guo, Qixin, Lan Huang, Yong Jiang, Zhixiu Wang, Guohong Chen, Hao Bai, and Guobin Chang. "Identification of Genes Associated with Crest Cushion Development in the Chinese Crested Duck." Animals 12, no. 16 (August 22, 2022): 2150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12162150.

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The crest trait is a specific and widely distributed phenotype in birds. However, the shape and function vary in different species of birds. To understand the mechanism of crest formation, the present study used RNA sequencing and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify the crest-cushion-associated genes in the Chinese crested (CC) duck. As a result, 28, 40, 32, 33, and 126 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between CC and cherry valley (CV) ducks at the embryonic days (E)15, E22, E28, D7 (7 days old), and D42 stages, respectively. In addition, the results of WGCNA show that 3697 (turquoise module), 485 (green-yellow module), 687 (brown module), 205 (red module), and 1070 (yellow module) hub genes were identified in the E15, E22, E28, D7, and D42 stages, respectively. Based on the results of DEGs and WGCNA Venn analysis, three, two, zero, one, and seven genes were found to be associated with crest cushion formation at the E15, E22, E28, D7, and D42 stages, respectively. The expression of all the associated genes and some DEGs was verified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In conclusion, this study provided an approach revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying the crested trait development.

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Wang, Yidong, Pengfei Lu, Bingruo Wu, Dario F. Riascos-Bernal, Nicholas E. S. Sibinga, Tomas Valenta, Konrad Basler, and Bin Zhou. "Myocardial β-Catenin-BMP2 signaling promotes mesenchymal cell proliferation during endocardial cushion formation." Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 123 (October 2018): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.09.001.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cushing Formation'

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