Relevant bibliographies by topics / Curved joints

Academic literature on the topic 'Curved joints'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 July 2024
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Curved joints":

1

Zhang, Jing, Hong-wei Guo, and Zhan-ning Zhang. "Design of flexure revolute joint based on double compliant curved beam." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 13 (February 25, 2019): 4521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219833085.

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In view of the problems of low accuracy and large impact caused by flexure joints during the deployable process, design of an integrated flexure revolute joint for folding mechanisms is important. Using a double compliant curved beam as a flexible unit of a joint, the revolute joint is designed based on the method of compliance and stiffness ellipsoids. The geometrical constraints model of the curved beam is established to define the design range of the unit. The total error model, which is obtained by the analysis of single-parameter errors, is used to choose the size of the unit with the smallest error. The finite element models of the flexure joints are established to analyze the rotational stiffness, translational stiffness, and the maximum rotational angle of the joints. The rotational angle of one flexure revolute joint in one direction can reach 35.7°. The rotational angle of the series flexure revolute joint in one direction can achieve 51°. The experiments of single and series flexure joints are carried out to verify the correctness of the design and for the analysis of the flexure joint.
2

Makarov, Yurii, Roman Zaleskyi, and Mykola Mykhalichenko. "Influence of different factors on the value of the rail wear rate." Acta Technica Jaurinensis 17, no. 1 (February 28, 2024): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14513/actatechjaur.00735.

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The article deals with the study of the influence of train operating modes on the uphill and downhill sections with radii less than 450 m, as well as the influence of railway superstructure design in curved sections on the wear rate of rolling stock wheel flanges and rails. The aim of the research is to reduce the wear that occurs between the wheel flanges of the rolling stock and the rails. Rail joints have been found to be the main shock source in the dynamic interaction between the railway and the rolling stock. There is unstable motion within the transition curves and at the joints of the curved rail on the curved track sections. This is accompanied by abrupt lateral rail wear in the joint area between the trailing and facing rails in the direction of train movement. It has been found that reducing the weight of the trains leads to a reduction in intensive lateral rail wear on curved track sections and can reach the following percentages: in curves with a radius of up to 300 m: up to 33% uphill, up to 55% downhill; in curves with a radius of 300 m to 450 m: up to 32.9% uphill, up to 26.3% downhill; in curves with a radius of 450 m: up to 3.2% uphill, up to 17.6% downhill. On the uphill and downhill sections, reducing the height and adjusting to the speed limit in percentage gives a positive result from 4.7% to 53.59%.
3

Ayaz, Yaşar, and Çitil Şerif. "Mechanical behavior of butt curved adhesive joints subjected to bending." Materials Testing 63, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2020-0089.

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Abstract Factors such as the surface geometry of a joint, the direction of the applied load, and the type of adhesive used have a great influence on the strength of a joint in adhesive bonding. In adhesively bonded joints (ABJ), it is possible to improve surface geometry by forming various geometric surfaces. ABJs are not very resistant to peeling stress, thus requiring that a bonding model be analyzed according to the direction of the applied load to prevent peeling stress. In this study, a butt curved joint was prepared from aluminum plates (A2024-T3) to improve the surface geometry of the joint. The mechanical behavior of the joints in three-dimensions and subjected to bending were investigated depending on an increase in the curvature radius. The adhesive DP810 was used for bonding. The finite element analysis was performed in ANSYS and cohesive zone modeling was used for a simulation of the damage growth in the adhesive layer. The results of bilinear and exponential models were found to be more appropriate to the experimental results. When the radius of curvature increases, the damage load carried decreases in the butt curved lap joints. It was seen that decreases in the curvature radius significantly decrease normal stress.
4

Çitil, Şerif. "Investigation of curved and scarf lap joints subjected to tensile loads using the cohesive zone model." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 17 (June 25, 2019): 6149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219858186.

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In this study, curved lap joints were designed, particularly for the cases in which configuration or aerodynamic design was essential. Furthermore, the effect of the surface area on their strength was investigated. Hence, curved joint types were prepared on aluminum plates (A2024-T3) that are commonly used for aviation, and an angled joint type was created by increasing the radius of curvature. The created joint types were then joined by a two-component acrylic structural adhesive (DP410). The joint models were designed in three dimensions, and a finite element analysis was performed. Cohesive zone models (bilinear, exponential, and separation-distance) based on energy principles were used in the finite element analysis to estimate the strength of the adhesively bonded joint. The mechanical properties of the materials used in the joint models were experimentally determined to obtain the numerical solutions, which were validated by further experiments. The obtained results demonstrated that there was an increase in the surface area on which the adhesive was applied as the radius of curvature of the scarf lap joints decreased; however, this had an adverse effect on the failure load that was carried.
5

Le, Jian, Hua Zhang, and Jin-wen Li. "Space curved fillet weld joints tracking by robots based on rotational arc sensors in gas metal arc welding." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 43, no. 6 (October 17, 2016): 636–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-04-2016-0120.

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Purpose This study aims to improve the welding quality and efficiency, and an algorithm should be designed to realize tracking space-curved fillet weld joints. Design/methodology/approach Fillet weld joints tracking based on the two wheels and the horizontal slider coordinated movement has been studied. The method of pattern recognition is used to identify the height deviation, and the analysis of the accuracy corresponding to recognizing height deviations has been researched. The proportional control algorithm is used to control the vertical and horizontal sliders movement, so fillet weld joints tracking in the height direction has been achieved. Based on wheels and vertical and horizontal sliders coordinated movement, the algorithm of space-curved fillet weld joints tracking has been researched. Findings Some experiments have been done, and experimental results show that the welding robot can track space-curved fillet weld joints with high accuracy and good reliability. Research limitations/implications The welding robot can improve the welding quality and efficiency. Practical implications The welding robot can track fillet weld joints in ship panels, and it was shown that the welding robot could track space-curved fillet weld joints with high accuracy and good reliability. Social implications The welding robot has many industrial and social applications. Originality/value There are various forms of fillet weld joints in the industry, and the fillet weld is curved in the space. Experimental results show that the welding robot can track space-curved fillet weld joints with good stability and high precision.
6

Correia, J. M. C., R. D. S. G. Campilho, R. J. B. Rocha, Y. Liu, and L. D. C. Ramalho. "Parametric study of composite curved adhesive joints." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 111, no. 9-10 (November 5, 2020): 2957–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-06314-6.

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7

Gantes, C. J., R. D. Logcher, J. J. Connor, and Y. Rosenfeld. "Geometric Design of Deploybale Structures with Discrete Joint Size." International Journal of Space Structures 8, no. 1-2 (April 1993): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266351193008001-211.

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This paper presents further developments in the geometric design of deployable structures that are self-standing and stress-free in both the deployed and collapsed configurations. The basic geometric design philosophy of these structures has been explained in previous publications. Furthermore, guidelines for the geometric design of polygonal and trapezoidal units for flat and curved structures have been proposed. The size of the joints has been assumed to be infinitesimally small. In reality however, the joints have certain discrete dimensions that have to be taken into account. This paper presents a more realistic geometric design procedure allowing for discrete joint sizes. First, a simple but accurate model is adopted for the joints that treats them as a grid of bars that are hinged to the members of the structure. Then, the geometric constraints and deployability conditions derived earlier are modified to account for joint size. Regular polygonal units for flat and curved structures, and trapezoidal units for flat structures are covered. An example of a medium size model is presented, where adjustments for the joint size had to be made during geometric design. Finally, the influence of joint size in the structural response during deployment is illustrated.
8

Faye, Khemendra. "Review Paper on Comparative Study of RCC Framed Building with and Without Expansion Joint at Different Location." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 986–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.39934.

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Abstract: The pounding responses of the expansion joint in a curved ramp bridge under earthquake conditions. Long term effects of such seasonal temperature changes develop stresses and deformation in the building. Concrete creep and shrinkage increase the cracks widths and stresses. For elimination of this expansion joints are provided. The temperature expansion occurred most significantly during 20°C to 40°C and the optimised gradation could alleviate the arch expansion effectively, in the range of 20°C to 30°C. An expansion joint is a gap provided in the structure to allow expansion and contraction of the building due to temperature changes. It absorbs the heat-induced by expansion and contraction of various construction materials. Two theoretical models were used under eight types of seismic conditions. Results indicate that a curved ramp bridge without an abutment expansion joint is a favorable structure for seismic design. Keywords: Earthquake, pounding, Seismic Analysis, Expansion joints, Thermal stresses, Concrete Creep.
9

Edwards,, Brian T., Brian D. Jensen,, and Larry L. Howell. "A Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model for Initially-Curved Pinned-Pinned Segments Used in Compliant Mechanisms." Journal of Mechanical Design 123, no. 3 (June 1, 1999): 464–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1376396.

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The pseudo-rigid-body model concept allows compliant mechanisms to be analyzed using well-known rigid-body kinematics. This paper presents a pseudo-rigid-body model for initially curved pinned-pinned segments that undergo large, nonlinear deflections. The model approximates the segment as three rigid members joined by pin joints. Torsional springs placed at the joints model the segment’s stiffness. This model has been validated by fabricating several such segments from a variety of different materials. Testing of the force-deflection behavior of these segments verified the accuracy of the model.
10

Chaszar, Andre. "Digital detailing on the edge: joining of complex curved composite panels." PARC Pesquisa em Arquitetura e Construção 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/parc.v4i2.8634549.

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This paper concerns the detailing of panel edge joints within the context of an adaptive subdivision system for composite panelling of complex curved surfaces. A general overview of this context is provided, followed by more in-depth description of the challenges of joining the resulting panels as well as various alternatives for doing so. The alternatives are evaluated with respect to multi-criterion considerations including panel materials, machining capabilities, joint forces, joint orientation, appearance and weather-resistance among others, which are expected to vary from project to project – as well as possibly among locations within a project – and therefore affect the choice(s) of detailing.
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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Curved joints' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Curved joints":

1

Wells, Zane B. "Performance of Post-Tensioned Curved-Strand Connections in Transverse Joints of Precast Bridge Decks." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1222.

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Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) techniques have resulted in innovative options that save time and money during the construction of bridges. One such group of techniques that has generated considerable interest is the usage of individual precast concrete members. Utilizing precast concrete decks allows for offsite curing, thus eliminating long delays due to formwork and concrete curing time. These precast concrete decks have inherent joints between the individual panels. These joints are locations for potential leakage, which can lead to corrosion or inadequate long-term performance. Post-tensioning the precast deck panels helps to eliminate leakage; however, conventional longitudinal post-tensioning systems require complete deck replacement in the event of a single faulty deck panel. A proposed post-tensioned, curved-strand connection allows for a single panel to be replaced. The capacity of the proposed curved-strand connection was investigated in order to compare its behavior to other systems that are currently in use. Tests were performed in composite negative bending, beam shear, and positive bending. The curved strand connection was found to behave similarly to the standard post-tensioning system in positive bending and shear. The curved-strand connection was found to be comparable to a standard post-tensioning system. The ultimate capacity of the curved-strand connection in negative bending was found to be 97% of the standard post-tensioning. Pre-stress losses were measured and predicted for the service life of the connection and were found to be 6% at the 75- year service life of a bridge.
2

Salam, Claro Diego. "Wave-based numerical approaches for non-destructive testing of structural assemblies involving straight waveguides and curved joints." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourges, INSA Centre Val de Loire, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ISAB0003.

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Cette thèse étudie la détection et la localisation des défauts dans les assemblages de guides d'ondes, en explorant l'interaction entre les ondes se propageant dans des assemblages de guides d'ondes droits contenant des jonctions coudées et des défauts. A cet effet, la méthode Wave Finite Element (WFE) est utilisée. Des expériences numériques valident la robustesse et la précision de la méthode WFE à partir de comparaisons avec des solutions analytiques et éléments finis, en se concentrant particulièrement sur les courbes de dispersion et les réponses forcées. En élargissant l'étude aux assemblages comportant des éléments de couplage, tels que des joints et des défauts, l'étude met en évidence l'efficacité de la méthode WFE dans des scénarios impliquant de tels assemblages. Une nouvelle stratégie utilisant un formalisme en matrices de diffusion est proposée pour la localisation des défauts, qui met l'accent sur les structures contenant des jonctions coudées. L'approche repose sur le calcul du temps de vol de paquets d'ondes transmis ou réfléchis au niveau d'un élément de couplage. La stratégie est validée par des simulations numériques, démontrant la précision de la localisation des défauts pour divers scénarios, notamment des poutres 2D en contraintes planes et des tuyaux avec une jonction coudée et un défaut. Les structures élasto-acoustiques sont également traitées. Une stratégie de réduction basée sur la méthode de Craig-Brampton avec des vecteurs d'enrichissement est proposée pour améliorer le coût de calcul de la modélisation des éléments de couplage. L'analyse des coefficients de transmission et de réflexion en puissance des ondes dans des structures présentant des défauts et des jonctions met en évidence la pertinence du mode de torsion dans les contrôles non destructifs par ondes guidées dans ce type de système. Ces travaux de recherche contribuent non seulement à la compréhension de la propagation des ondes dans les assemblages de guides d'ondes, mais proposent également des stratégies pratiques pour une détection et une localisation précise des défauts, avec des applications potentielles dans divers contextes d'ingénierie
This thesis investigates defect detection and localization within waveguide assemblies, exploring the interaction between waves in straight waveguides with curved joints and defects. For this purpose, the Wave Finite Element (WFE) method is used. Numerical experiments validate the robustness and accuracy of the WFE method through comparisons with analytical and Finite Element solutions, particularly focusing on dispersion curves and forced responses. Extending the investigation to assemblies with coupling elements, such as joints and defects, the study highlights the efficiency of the WFE method in scenarios involving waveguides.A novel strategy is proposed within the scattering matrix formalism for defect localization, with a specific emphasis on structures containing curved joints. The approach relies on computing the time of flight of narrow wavepackets transmitted or reflected at a coupling element. The strategy is validated through numerical simulations, showcasing precision in defect localization for diverse scenarios, including 2D plane-stress beams and pipes, with a curved joint and a defect.Elasto-acoustic structures are also treated. A reduction strategy based on Craig-Brampton reduction with enrichment vectors is proposed for computational efficiency to model coupling elements. Analysis of power transmission and reflection of waves in structures with defects and joints highlights the significance of the torsional mode in guided wave-based non-destructive testing in this type of system.This research work contributes not only to the understanding of wave propagation in waveguide assemblies but also offers practical strategies for accurate defect detection and localization, with potential applications in diverse engineering contexts
3

Madireddy, Sandeep Reddy. "Finite Element Modeling of Transverse Post-Tensioned Joints in Accelerated Bridge Construction." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1302.

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The Accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques are gaining popularity among the departments of transportation (DOTs) due to their reductions of on-site construction time and traffic delays. One ABC technique that utilizes precast deck panels has demonstrated some advantages over normal cast-in-place construction, but has also demonstrated some serviceability issues such as cracks and water leakage to the transverse joints. Some of these problems are addressed by applying longitudinal prestressing. This thesis evaluates the service and ultimate capacities in both flexure and shear, of the finite element models of the post-tensioned system currently used by Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) and a proposed curved-bolt system to confirm the experimental results. The panels were built and tested under negative moment in order to investigate a known problem, namely, tension in the deck concrete. Shear tests were performed on specimens with geometry designed to investigate the effects of high shear across the joint. The curved-bolt connection not only provides the necessary compressive stress across the transverse joint but also makes future replacement of a single deck panel possible without replacing the entire deck. Load-deflection, shear-deflection curves were obtained using the experimental tests and were used to compare with the values obtained from finite element analysis. In flexure, the ultimate load predicted by the finite element model was lower than the experimental ultimate load by 1% for the post-tensioned connection and 3% for the curved-bolt connection. The shear models predicted the ultimate shear reached, within 5% of the experimental values. The cracking pattern also matched closely. The yield and cracking moment of the curved-bolt connection predicted by the finite element model were lower by 13% and 2%, respectively, compared to the post-tensioned connection in flexure.
4

Kalpathy, Venkiteswaran Venkatasubramanian. "Development of a Design Framework for Compliant Mechanisms using Pseudo-Rigid-Body Models." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1482232749828813.

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5

Coates, Cameron Wayne. "New concepts for strength enhancement of co-cured composite single lap joints." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12937.

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Chmielowiec, Mark 1955. "MOMENT ROTATION CURVES FOR PARTIALLY RESTRAINED STEEL CONNECTIONS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276452.

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Tension and Compression force deformation data from laboratory tests of angle segments are used to generate moment rotation curves for the following bolted partially restrained connections: (1) top and seat angle, (2) double web angle, and (3) top and seat angle with double web angles. The force deformation and moment rotation curves are analytically described by a four parameter formula which provides the basis for the analytical connection model. These connection models consist of rigid bars and nonlinear springs representing the angle segments in either tension or compression. Design curves giving the four parameters of the moment rotation curves are generated for the double web angle connection. These parameters are primarily a function of the angle thickness, gage length of the angle legs in flexture, and the number of bolts in the connection. Comparisons of derived moment rotation curves are made with published results of full scale tests.
7

Cao, Caihua. "Damage and Failure Analysis of Co-Cured Fiber-Reinforced Composite Joints." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5298.

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Joints represent a design challenge, especially for composite structures. Among the available joining methods, co-curing is an efficient way to integrate parts for some applications. Coates and Armanios have proposed a Single Nested Overlap (SNO) co-cured joint configuration, obtained from a single lap joint through the overlap/interleafing of the adjoining top/bottom adherend plies, respectively. Through a comparative investigation, they have demonstrated joint strength and fatigue life improvements over the single lap joint counterparts for unidirectional and quasi-isotropic adherend lay-ups. This research extends the comparative investigation of Coates and Armanios by focusing upon characterizing and differentiating the damage initiation and progression mechanisms under quasi-static loading. Six specimen configurations are manufactured and tested. It is confirmed that single nested overlap joints show 29.2% and 27.4% average improvement in strength over single lap counterparts for zero-degree unidirectional and quasi-isotropic lay-ups, respectively. Several nondestructive evaluation techniques are used to observe and analyze damage initiation, damage progression and failure modes of the studied specimens and to monitor their mechanical response. Using X-ray Radiography and Optical Microscopy techniques during quasi-static loading, a physical characterization of damage and failure mechanisms is obtained. The acoustic emission data acquired during monotonic loading could reveal the overall picture of AE activities produced by the damage initiation, development and accumulation mechanisms within the specimen via parametric analysis. Further AE analysis by a selected supervised clustering method is carried out and shown successful in differentiating and clustering the AE data. Correlation with physical observations from other techniques suggests that the resulting clusters may be associated to specific damage modes and failure mechanisms.
8

Abul-Hamayel, Ismat A. A. 1960. "MOMENT ROTATION CURVES FOR TOP AND SEAT CONNECTIONS (STATIC LOADING, TENSION)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291311.

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Iliopoulou, Marina. "Discrete analogues of Kakeya problems." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8068.

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This thesis investigates two problems that are discrete analogues of two harmonic analytic problems which lie in the heart of research in the field. More specifically, we consider discrete analogues of the maximal Kakeya operator conjecture and of the recently solved endpoint multilinear Kakeya problem, by effectively shrinking the tubes involved in these problems to lines, thus giving rise to the problems of counting joints and multijoints with multiplicities. In fact, we effectively show that, in R3, what we expect to hold due to the maximal Kakeya operator conjecture, as well as what we know in the continuous case due to the endpoint multilinear Kakeya theorem by Guth, still hold in the discrete case. In particular, let L be a collection of L lines in R3 and J the set of joints formed by L, that is, the set of points each of which lies in at least three non-coplanar lines of L. It is known that |J| = O(L3/2) ( first proved by Guth and Katz). For each joint x ∈ J, let the multiplicity N(x) of x be the number of triples of non-coplanar lines through x. We prove here that X x2J N(x)1=2 = O(L3=2); while we also extend this result to real algebraic curves in R3 of uniformly bounded degree, as well as to curves in R3 parametrized by real univariate polynomials of uniformly bounded degree. The multijoints problem is a variant of the joints problem, involving three finite collections of lines in R3; a multijoint formed by them is a point that lies in (at least) three non-coplanar lines, one from each collection. We finally present some results regarding the joints problem in different field settings and higher dimensions.
10

Tan, Xinyuan. "Co-cured composite joint strength investigation based on behavior characterization of [0/±θ/90]s family." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26578.

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Joints provide a path for transfer of load and are important components in an assembly of structures, particularly in translating joint strength improvements directly to significant cost savings. This cost savings is more evident in composite joints since manufacturing of more complex single piece components results in a reduction of both part count and labor. An improvement in joint strength for co-cured composite joints through minimized free-edge delamination was investigated for quasi-isotropic [0/±45/90]s lay-up based on the quantitative assessments of the quasi-static and fatigue strength and qualitative understanding of the fatigue damage initiation and propagation for the [0/±θ/90]s family of co-cured composite joints. A previously proposed co-cured joint concept, the Single Nested Overlap (SNO) joint, was compared against a Straight Laminate (SL) and a single lap joint. The SL represents a "perfect" joint and serves as an upper bound whereas the single lap joint represents the simplest generic joint and is the base design for the SNO joint concept. Three categorized failure types, which represented predominant failure modes in the SL, single lap and SNO joints, along with two different fatigue strength indicators were used for quasi-static and fatigue strength comparison. With fatigue run-out defined at 1 x 106 cycles, the fatigue damage initiation and propagation at high loadings was monitored with an Infrared Thermoelastic Stress Analysis (IR-TSA) technique, while a damage type comparison was used at low loadings. Quasi-static Acoustic Emission (AE) counts were observed to be Fatigue Limit (FL) predictors for [0/±θ/90]s SL and SNO joints. The validity of these FL predictors were also assessed in the damage type comparison.
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Books on the topic "Curved joints":

1

Taylor, Philip L. TMJ cured: Fixing the bite is the answer. Palm Desert, Calif: Truth in Dentistry Pub., 2010.

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2

AMS-IMS-SIAM Joint Summer Research Conference on the Schottky Problem (1990 University of Massachusetts, Amherst). Curves, Jacobians, and Abelian varieties: Proceedings of an AMS-IMS-SIAM Joint Summer Research Workshop on the Schottky Problem. Edited by Donagi Ron. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 1992.

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AMS-IMS-SIAM Joint Summer Research Conference on Applications of Curves over Finite Fields (1997 University of Washington). Applications of curves over finite fields: 1997 AMS-IMS-SIAM Joint Summer Research Conference on Applications of Curves over Finite Fields, July 27-31, 1997, University of Washington, Seattle. Edited by Fried Michael D. 1942-. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 1999.

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Ridgley, Raymond E. Five heat cured splints used in the treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions: Purposes and laboratory procedures. [S.l: s.n.], 1985.

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Chuvikov, Dmitriy. Models and algorithms for reconstruction and examination of emergency events of road accidents based on logical artificial intelligence. 2nd ed. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1220729.

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The purpose of the monograph is to create a methodology, combined expert and simulation models, as well as algorithms and software-modeling tools for reconstruction and examination of accident events for automating decision-making by an expert center employee. The methodology of combining and algorithms of joint work of an expert system based on logical artificial intelligence (mivar approach) and a simulation system for solving problems of reconstruction and examination of road accidents are developed; model reconstruction and examination of the accident in the formalism of the knowledge base bipartite oriented mivar nets, including analysis formulas braking qualities of the vehicle, determining the speed of a car's performance in terms of specific DTS, the formula for calculating different occasions: - slip car when braking, driving on curved sections of the road, hitting a car on the pedestrian in uniform motion and unlimited visibility; a method of generation of interfaces for designer expert systems based on the concept of mivar approach; special software in the form of expert systems "Analysis of road accident" in order to reduce the complexity of the process of calculating the disputed accidents, errors in the calculation and improve the accuracy and objectivity of the results obtained and the speed and quality of the calculations. It can be useful to specialists of expert institutions, insurance companies, educational institutions in the field of expertise, as well as unmanned vehicles in terms of objective analysis and examination of road accidents.
6

Matsubara, Naoko. The woodcuts of Naoko Matsubara: An exhibition jointly curated by John Ruffle of the Oriental Museum University of Durham and David Barker of the Faculty of Art and Design University of Ulster for Japan Festival 1991. [Belfast]: Japan Festival 1991 (Northern Ireland), 1991.

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Finger contact force-time curves measured in a simulated rock climbing situation. 1991.

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Finger contact force-time curves measured in a simulated rock climbing situation. 1991.

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Finger contact force-time curves measured in a simulated rock climbing situation. 1991.

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Finger contact force-time curves measured in a simulated rock climbing situation. 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Curved joints":

1

Jung, Alexander, Dagmar Reinhardt, and Rod Watt. "RBDM_Robodome: Complex Curved Geometries with Robotically Fabricated Joints." In Robotic Fabrication in Architecture, Art and Design 2016, 178–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26378-6_13.

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Çitil, Şerif. "Comparison of Stepped, Curved, and S-Type Lap Joints Under Tensile Loading." In Advanced Structured Materials, 377–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50784-2_28.

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Malinowski, Paweł H., Tomasz Wandowski, Wiesław M. Ostachowicz, Maxime Sagnard, Laurent Berthe, Romain Ecault, Igor Solodov, Damien Segur, and Marc Kreutzbruck. "Extended Non-destructive Testing for the Bondline Quality Assessment of Aircraft Composite Structures." In Adhesive Bonding of Aircraft Composite Structures, 223–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92810-4_4.

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AbstractWe present the results of extended non-destructive testing (ENDT) methods for bond line quality assessment in adhesive joints. The results presented were derived for important application scenarios with regards to aircraft manufacturing and the in-service repair of composite structures. The electromechanical impedance (EMI), laser shock adhesion testing (LASAT), and nonlinear ultrasound scanning (NUS) were used on flat coupon samples, scarfed samples, and curved samples. The EMI method applied to the flat coupons showed some relation of the frequency shift to the level of contamination. For the curved samples, there was insufficient sensitivity to differentiate distinct levels of contamination, while for scarfed samples in most cases both detection and distinction were possible. The LASAT method gave good results for the coupon samples, which were also in accordance with the results of the $${\text{G}}_{\text{IC}}$$ G IC and $${\text{G}}_{\text{IIC}}$$ G IIC tests. For coupon samples with multiple contaminations, we obtained results with varying significance. In the case of NUS, the measurements revealed an increase in nonlinearity affected by contamination at the interphase between the CFRP adherend and the adhesive layer for the majority of scenarios comprising single contamination of flat coupons and scarfed samples. The effect of multiple contaminations was a decrease in nonlinearity for the curved samples.
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Robeller, Christopher, Seyed Sina Nabaei, and Yves Weinand. "Design and Fabrication of Robot-Manufactured Joints for a Curved-Folded Thin-Shell Structure Made from CLT." In Robotic Fabrication in Architecture, Art and Design 2014, 67–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04663-1_5.

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Zhang, Jiahao, and Qiuwei Wang. "Research on Restoring Force Model of Built-in Steel Tube Reinforced STRC Column Joints." In Advances in Frontier Research on Engineering Structures, 93–104. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8657-4_9.

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AbstractIn the circular steel tube confined reinforced concrete (STRC) column frame structure, because there is no effective restraint of steel tube in the joints area, it becomes a relatively weak part. Therefore, this paper proposes a STRC column joints with a section of steel tube built in the joints area, and expounds the structural form of the new joints. ABAQUS finite element analysis software is used to simulate the quasi-static test of joints. On the basis of verifying the rationality and reliability of the finite element analysis method, six joints models of build-in steel tube reinforced STRC columns with different lengths are established. Based on the model skeleton curve obtained by simulation analysis, the eigenvalues of each loading stage are fitted to obtain the skeleton curve model regression equation and stiffness degradation law. The three fold restoring force model of steel tube STRC column joints with different lengths is established. The skeleton curves of restoring force model and finite element calculation results are compared and analyzed to verify the correctness of restoring force model. The results show that the restoring force model is in good agreement with the finite element analysis results. The established restoring force model can provide a reference for the elastic-plastic change and seismic analysis of build-in steel tube reinforced STRC column joints.
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Peng, Chengwei, and Wenlong Lv. "Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of the Damaged Hoop Head Mortise-Tenon Joint." In Advances in Frontier Research on Engineering Structures, 397–407. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8657-4_35.

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AbstractDamage is a common condition in ancient timber structures, whose influence on the mechanical properties of structures cannot be ignored. To study the mechanical properties of damaged hoop head mortise-tenon joint, four specimens with shrinkage gauge, including one intact joint specimen and three artificial simulated damaged joint specimens, are designed, and fabricated in this paper by regarding the global damage degree and column axial force as the variation of parameters. The failure mode, hysteresis curve, skeleton curve, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity of the specimens are studied by low-cyclic reversed loading tests. The results show that the failure pattern is randomly manifested as parallel-to-grain tensile cracking failure or vertical splitting failure of the beam tenon. When the global damage degree increases, the two types of damage are more likely to appear simultaneously. The global damage degree has a significant influence on the ultimate bending moment and energy dissipation capacity of hoop head mortise-tenon joints, and 2.4% of the global damage degree can lead to a significant decrease in both. The column axial force can affect the ultimate bending moment, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity of hoop head mortise-tenon joints. When the column axial force increases, the ultimate bending moment and energy dissipation capacity will increase, while the ductility will decrease.
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Li, Jiuyi, Yunhou Sun, Qiang Yan, Huaiqiang Kang, Haoxiang Wang, and Shangwei Dong. "Accurate Finite Element Modeling of Bolted Joints and Modified IWAN Model." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 1127–45. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1876-4_90.

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AbstractA three-dimensional finite element model of helical bolted joints is established in this paper, and the validity of the model establishment scheme is verified by a numerical examples of “the stress distribution on the bolted joint”. Then, Hysteresis curves of the resultant torque versus the applied torsion angle are obtained from the finite element analysis. The results indicate that: (1) The contact threads have experienced three states of adhesion, partial slip and macro slip during the tightening and loosening process; (2) In the state of macro sliding, the resultant torque exhibits an upward trend due to the increase of the clamping pressure in tightening process. On the contrary, the resultant torque exhibits a downward trend due to the decrease of the clamping pressure in the loosening process. A modified IWAN model is established for the three-dimensional helical bolted joint under torsional load by adding the residual stiffness and correction of torque based on the results of finite element analysis. The results of the modified IWAN model for the M12 bolted joint present that the modified IWAN model can reproduce the hysteresis curves obtained by finite element analysis accurately, and the modified IWAN model composed of three Jenkins elements can cover the dissipated energy precisely.
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Irie, Tohru, Tsuyoshi Asano, Tomohiro Shimizu, and Daisuke Takahashi. "Surgical Technique: Curved Intertrochanteric Varus Osteotomy for Avascular Necrosis." In Hip Arthroscopy and Hip Joint Preservation Surgery, 1631–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43240-9_176.

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Irie, Tohru, Tsuyoshi Asano, Tomohiro Shimizu, and Daisuke Takahashi. "Surgical Technique: Curved Intertrochanteric Varus Osteotomy for Avascular Necrosis." In Hip Arthroscopy and Hip Joint Preservation Surgery, 1–10. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7321-3_176-1.

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Pitolli, Francesca, and Gabriella Bretti. "An Iterative Algorithm with Joint Sparsity Constraints for Magnetic Tomography." In Mathematical Methods for Curves and Surfaces, 316–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11620-9_21.

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Conference papers on the topic "Curved joints":

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QIAN, CHENGYU, and LIYONG TONG. "NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF ADHESIVELY BONDED CYLINDRICALLY CURVED LAP JOINTS." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Scientific and Engineering Computation (IC-SEC) 2002. PUBLISHED BY IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS AND DISTRIBUTED BY WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO., 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781860949524_0119.

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Seymour, Kendall, Pietro Bilancia, Spencer Magleby, and Larry Howell. "Hinges and Curved Lamina Emergent Torsional Joints in Cylindrical Developable Mechanisms." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22049.

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Abstract Cylindrical developable mechanisms are devices that conform to and emerge from a cylindrical surface. These mechanisms can be formed or cut from the cylinder wall itself. This paper presents a study on adapting traditional hinge options to achieve revolute motion in these mechanisms. A brief overview of options is given, including classical pin hinges, small-length flexural pivots, initially curved beams, and an adaptation of the membrane thickness-accommodation technique. Curved Lamina Emergent Torsional (LET) joints are then evaluated in detail, and a thin-walled modeling assumption is checked analytically and empirically. A small-scale cylindrical developable mechanism is then evaluated with Nitinol curved LET joints.
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Zimmerman, Trent, Jared Butler, Dallin Frandsen, Dakota Burrow, David Fullwood, Spencer Magleby, and Larry Howell. "Modified Material Properties in Curved Panels Through Lamina Emergent Torsional Joints." In 2018 4th International Conference on Reconfigurable Mechanisms and Robots (ReMAR 2018). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/remar.2018.8449881.

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Nelson, Todd G., Luis M. Baldelomar Pinto, Jared T. Bruton, Zhicheng Deng, Curtis G. Nelson, and Larry L. Howell. "Deployable Convex Generalized Cylindrical Surfaces Using Torsional Joints." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22551.

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Abstract The ability to deploy a planar surface to a desired convex profile can enhance foldable or morphing airfoils, deployable antennae and reflectors, and other applications where a specific profile geometry is desired from a planar sheet. A model using a system of rigid links joined by torsional springs of tailorable stiffness is employed to create an approximate curved surface when two opposing tip loads are applied. The physical implementation of the model uses compliant torsion bars as the torsion springs. A multidimensional optimization algorithm is presented to minimize the error from the rigid-link approximation and account for additional manufacturing and stress considerations in the torsion bars. A proof is presented to show that equal torsion spring spacing along the horizontal axis of deployed parabolic profiles will result in minimizing the area between the model’s rigid-link approximation and smooth curve. The model is demonstrated through the physical construction of a deployable airfoil surface and a metallic deployable parabolic reflector.
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PLAKA, EVGENIA, BRETT BEDNARCYK, and MARIANNA MAIARÙ. "DESIGN OF ADHESIVELY BONDED COMPOSITE JOINTS USING A RAPID DESIGN TOOL." In Proceedings for the American Society for Composites-Thirty Seventh Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc37/36492.

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The optimization of composite structural joints is an iterative process and a multiscale problem. High fidelity finite element modeling of joints with 3D woven and laminated materials can become computationally expensive. The aim of this paper is to present the applicability of a reliable analysis process for the optimization of the composite Y-joint (curved Pi-joint), to be used in an aircraft fuselage, using a commercial rapid joint design tool analysis optimization software. The rapid joint design tool was investigated as a substitute and/or complement to a finite element analysis software. A composite Pi-joint and a composite Y-joint were evaluated using the rapid joint design tool. Furthermore, two main preliminary parametric studies were performed to better understand the capability of the tool in predicting the failure load trends in the Y-joint. The parameters investigated were the joint curvature and the laminated skin thickness. Failure loads are found using interactive stress-based criteria. Lastly, the Y-joint modeled using the rapid tool was validated against experimental results with an agreement of less than 10% of the experimental value reported.
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Bupe, Paul, Douglas J. Jackson, and C. K. Harnett. "Electronically Reconfigurable Virtual Joints by Shape Memory Alloy-Induced Buckling of Curved Sheets." In SoutheastCon 2022. IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/southeastcon48659.2022.9763962.

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Arason, Magnús, Olafur S. Haraldsson, and Steve Christer. "A curved footbridge with hidden extras." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1995.

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<p>For improved safety and ease of travel for pedestrians and cyclists across the busy 4-lane main road Breidholtsbraut in the suburb of Breidholt in Reykjavik, Iceland, the Icelandic Road and Coastal Administration and Reykjavik City Council engaged EFLA Consulting Engineers and Studio Granda Architects for the design of a footbridge over the road. The bridge is an 86-m long, post-tensioned concrete girder in four spans and follows a curved alignment that plays on the landscaped surroundings. The attractive shape of the underside of the concrete girder is formed by a series of arcs; the cross-section having been used before by the design team to good effect. Aiming for minimized inspection and maintenance costs, the end abutments of the bridge are supported through a concealed concrete hinge, eliminating the need for bearings and construction joints. The stainless-steel wire mesh handrail was embedded into the concrete deck post casting, using a carefully planned core drilling procedure. The bridge does not have a support in the road central reserve, and this has allowed the bridge construction to proceed with only a few, short closures of the busy underlying road. The result is a well-received addition to the collection of Reykjavik footbridges.</p>
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Howell, Larry L., and Ashok Midha. "Parametric Deflection Approximations for Initially Curved, Large-Deflection Beams in Compliant Mechanisms." In ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/mech-1215.

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Abstract The analysis of systems containing highly flexible members is made difficult by the nonlineararities caused by large deflections of the flexible members. The analysis and design of many such systems may be simplified by using pseudo-rigid-body approximations in modeling the flexible members. The pseudo-rigid-body model represents flexible members as rigid links, joined at pin joints with torsional springs. Appropriate values for link lengths and torsional spring stiffnesses are determined such that the deflection path and force-deflection relationships are modeled accurately. Pseudo-rigid-body approximations have been developed for initially straight beams with externally applied forces at the beam end. This work develops approximations for another fundamental type of flexible member, the initially curved beam with applied force at the beam end. This type of flexible member is commonly used in compliant mechanisms. An example of the use of the resulting pseudo-rigid-body approximations in compliant mechanisms is included.
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Van Minnebruggen, Koen, Stijn Hertelé, and Wim De Waele. "Strain Capacity of Girth Welded Joints in HSAW Pipes." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61842.

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The general aim of a recently finalized European project, i.e. EU RFCS SBD-Spipe, is to generate specific know-how concerning the development and possible use of spirally welded pipes for demanding applications. The demanding applications relate especially to structural integrity issues, both onshore and offshore, requiring good performance under application of large strains resulting in buckling, collapse and/or tensile loading. The outcome of this project can also be used as technical basis for improving standards and guidelines, that address design and safety of spirally welded pipelines. The contribution of Ghent University to this project focusses on the aspects of tearing resistance, defect tolerance and strain capacity of girth welded joints subjected to remote axial tensile load. A numerical and experimental approach is used for the assessment of flaw tolerability and strain development upon tensile loading. Spiral pipes of steel grade API-5L X70 with 36” and 48” diameters have been girth welded using both a manual and semi-automatic welding processes. Curved wide plate specimens have been extracted from the pipes and artificial weld defects have been introduced. The specimens have been loaded in tension up to failure at a temperature of −10°C. This paper reports on the experimental result of a series of curved wide plate tests.
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Donzelli, Peter S., and Robert L. Spilker. "A Finite Element Investigation of Solid Phase Transverse Isotropy in Contacting Biphasic Cartilage Layers." In ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-1258.

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Abstract Most biological materials are anisotropic and inhomogeneous. Experimental studies of cartilage, meniscus, bone, ligament and tendon all point to orthotropic and nonlinear material response to applied load. In studying joint articulation these nonlinearities, along with complex, curved geometries and the nonlinearity implicit in contact, must be modeled, making analytic investigations of joint contact biomechanics intractable. Since articular contact plays the primary role in load transfer in joints, we will explore the effect of tissue anisotropy using a canonical joint contact problem. A biphasic contact finite element model (1, 2) will be employed for this investigation so the important fluid flow and stress-shielding effects (3, 4) can be understood.

Reports on the topic "Curved joints":

1

Orth. L51762 Investigation of Fatigue Properties of Girth Welds with Root Imperfections Allowed. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010233.

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Fatigue analysis of welded components and structures according to established codes is based upon either S-N design curves or fracture mechanics principles. Fatigue damage in nominally sound joints is commonly estimated using an appropriate S-N curve in conjunction with a linear cumulative damage rule (i.e., Miner"s rule). By comparison, fracture mechanics is used to assess the growth of an imperfection during a period of cyclic loading, or to assess whether an imperfection will remain dormant under the applied cyclic loading condition. Thus, the S-N approach is used mostly during initial design, while the fracture mechanics approach is used mostly to justify the continued operation of existing structures. As the aim of this investigation is the rationalization of certain features of API-1104, an initial design code, the S-N approach was used here. The work described in this report was aimed at determining the effect of root imperfections allowed by API 1104 on the fatigue properties of girth welds, and to recommend a S-N curve appropriate for girth welds in pipelines. S-N curves were developed for single-sided girth welds without a backing strip using pipe strip specimens containing various sizes of incomplete root penetration and lack-of-root sidewall fusion.
2

Glauz, W. D., and Cecil Chappelow. L51467A On-Site Assessment of Mill-Applied Fusion-Bonded Coating Quality. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), February 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010089.

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This report is an addendum to L51467. The commercial application of rapid cure fusion bonded epoxy (FBE) coatings to line pipe is a fast operation. Accordingly, it is possible to coat a large number of pipe joints improperly before the inferior coating quality can be detected and the cause remedied. The quality control techniques currently used in coating plants are too slow to meet the demands of this coating and its application procedures. The primary goal of this program was to develop on-site, repeatable, accurate, and operatively simple test procedures that are capable of determining (a) the degree of reaction (cure) of the applied FBE coating, (b) the adhesive bond strength of the coating to the steel pipe substrate, and (c) the void content of the coating created by bubble entrapment or gas formation during application. The secondary goal was to develop on-site test methods to monitor coating quality continuously and nondestructively on the coating production line.
3

Sakulneya, Apidej, Connor Anderson, Jesus Castro-Perez, and Jeffery Roesler. Performance and Design of Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavements. Illinois Center for Transportation, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/24-011.

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This report focuses on the calibration of a design framework for continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) developed in 2009 by using the most recent performance data acquired from existing CRCP sections in Illinois. Field performance data were used to update the fatigue damage to punchout model coefficients in the design framework. A sensitivity analysis was performed on the updated CRCP design program to determine its sensitivity to traffic levels, shoulder type, and support conditions as well as its magnitude relative to jointed plain concrete pavement design curves. Additionally, the new CRCP design charts were compared to AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design predicted CRCP slab thicknesses for the same inputs. Lastly, AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design was run to predict the performance of CRCP overlays in Illinois and compare the performance data of seven unbonded concrete overlays constructed in Illinois. AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design was then used to generate CRCP overlay thickness design tables for different traffic levels, shoulder types, and support conditions.
4

Jimenez Mori, Raul Alberto, and Ariel Yépez-García. Understanding the Drivers of Household Energy Spending: Micro Evidence for Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011795.

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The paper investigates the determinants of household energy spending and energy budget shares, with a focus on understanding their non-linear relationship with income, and the presence of economies of scale. The analysis is based on a unique, harmonized collection of official household surveys from 13 Latin American countries. This dataset allows distinguishing between expenditures on electricity, domestic gas, and fuel for private transportation, providing a comprehensive distributional view of the energy spending profile of the residential sector. The estimated empirical Engel curves behave similarly; however, the derived income elasticities show marked distinctions by fuel, and their actual values depend on the households' relative position over the income distribution. For electricity, the elasticity tends to increase in income but stabilize at the wealthiest segments. For gas and transport fuel, it decreases under different income paths. In this dataset, the examination returns income elasticities on the (0,1) interval, suggesting that energy commodities are necessity goods. However, the distribution of aggregate energy expenditure needs to be considered. Specifically, there is a great concentration among the richer groups, particularly for transport fuels, where the top quintile gathers more than half of the aggregate spending. The results also indicate economies of scale -for electricity and domestic gas- with respect to family-age composition, and to a lesser extent with respect to dwelling size. In the case of electricity, these economies are more pronounced for richer households. These results join the previous literature in emphasizing the relevance of taking into account household demographic and socioeconomic trends for energy management.
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Mahdavian, Farnaz. Germany Country Report. University of Stavanger, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.180.

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Germany is a parliamentary democracy (The Federal Government, 2021) with two politically independent levels of 1) Federal (Bund) and 2) State (Länder or Bundesländer), and has a highly differentiated decentralized system of Government and administration (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, 2021). The 16 states in Germany have their own government and legislations which means the federal authority has the responsibility of formulating policy, and the states are responsible for implementation (Franzke, 2020). The Federal Government supports the states in dealing with extraordinary danger and the Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI) supports the states' operations with technology, expertise and other services (Federal Ministry of Interior, Building and Community, 2020). Due to the decentralized system of government, the Federal Government does not have the power to impose pandemic emergency measures. In the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to slowdown the spread of coronavirus, on 16 March 2020 the federal and state governments attempted to harmonize joint guidelines, however one month later State governments started to act more independently (Franzke & Kuhlmann, 2021). In Germany, health insurance is compulsory and more than 11% of Germany’s GDP goes into healthcare spending (Federal Statistical Office, 2021). Health related policy at the federal level is the primary responsibility of the Federal Ministry of Health. This ministry supervises institutions dealing with higher level of public health including the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), the Paul-Ehrlich-Institute (PEI), the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) and the Federal Centre for Health Education (Federal Ministry of Health, 2020). The first German National Pandemic Plan (NPP), published in 2005, comprises two parts. Part one, updated in 2017, provides a framework for the pandemic plans of the states and the implementation plans of the municipalities, and part two, updated in 2016, is the scientific part of the National Pandemic Plan (Robert Koch Institut, 2017). The joint Federal-State working group on pandemic planning was established in 2005. A pandemic plan for German citizens abroad was published by the German Foreign Office on its website in 2005 (Robert Koch Institut, 2017). In 2007, the federal and state Governments, under the joint leadership of the Federal Ministry of the Interior and the Federal Ministry of Health, simulated influenza pandemic exercise called LÜKEX 07, and trained cross-states and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007b). In 2017, within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with representatives from WHO and the World Bank to prepare for future pandemic events (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). By the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, on 27 February 2020, a joint crisis team of the Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI) and the Federal Ministry of Health (BMG) was established (Die Bundesregierung, 2020a). On 4 March 2020 RKI published a Supplement to the National Pandemic Plan for COVID-19 (Robert Koch Institut, 2020d), and on 28 March 2020, a law for the protection of the population in an epidemic situation of national scope (Infektionsschutzgesetz) came into force (Bundesgesundheitsministerium, 2020b). In the first early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Germany managed to slow down the speed of the outbreak but was less successful in dealing with the second phase. Coronavirus-related information and measures were communicated through various platforms including TV, radio, press conferences, federal and state government official homepages, social media and applications. In mid-March 2020, the federal and state governments implemented extensive measures nationwide for pandemic containment. Step by step, social distancing and shutdowns were enforced by all Federal States, involving closing schools, day-cares and kindergartens, pubs, restaurants, shops, prayer services, borders, and imposing a curfew. To support those affected financially by the pandemic, the German Government provided large economic packages (Bundesministerium der Finanzen, 2020). These measures have adopted to the COVID-19 situation and changed over the pandemic. On 22 April 2020, the clinical trial of the corona vaccine was approved by Paul Ehrlich Institute, and in late December 2020, the distribution of vaccination in Germany and all other EU countries
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MOMENT-ROTATION MODEL OF EXTERNAL COVER PLATE JOINTS BETWEEN STEEL BEAMS AND CONCRETE-FILLED SQUARE STEEL TUBULAR COLUMNS WITH INNER I-SHAPED CFRP PROFILE. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2023.19.2.5.

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As a new type of beam-column joint, external cover plate joints can be used in concrete-filled square steel tubular (CFSST) structures. To accurately analyze the mechanical characteristics of this novel joint during structural design, it is necessary to investigate the moment-rotation relationships. Based on the analysis of the force-transferring mechanism, the formulas to decide the initial rotation stiffness and ultimate bending moment are founded by using the component analysis method, while the finite element analysis results are also utilized to verify these formulas. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of the existing typical moment-rotation models, a new representation for calculating the moment-rotation curve of the external cover plate joints is proposed using the ultimate bending moment and initial rotation stiffness as two basic parameters. The research reveals that the moment-rotation model proposed in this paper is able to take all loading stages of this joint into account, which facilitates the analysis of yield and ultimate loads. In addition, this model is smooth and continuous at the piecewise points to avoid numerical problems that may be caused in the calculation. Comparing the moment-rotation curves obtained by the calculation model and finite element simulation, the results show good consistency, demonstrating that the moment-rotation model presented in this paper is applicable to the analysis and design of the external cover plate joints.
7

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BEHAVIOR OF THE GUSSET-PLATE JOINT OF ALUMINUM ALLOY PORTAL FRAME. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.257.

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"The aluminum alloy portal frames are increasingly being used for lightweight building construction. This paper investigated the flexural behavior of the bolted gusset-plate joint applied in the beam-beam connection of aluminum alloy portal frames. Bending tests were conducted on 3 aluminum alloy bolted gusset-plate joints. The failure phenomenon indicated that the thin plate joint failed by the buckling of gusset plates, while the thick plate joint failed by the buckling of sleeves. The momentrotation curves showed that thickening the gusset plate can effectively prevent the buckling of gusset plates and increase the flexural capacity and bending stiffness of joints. In addition, the longitudinal spacing of bolts has a significant influence on the joint stiffness but has no obvious influence on the bearing capacity of the joint. The stress on the two gusset plates of the joint was uneven, which led to the decline of bearing performance of thin plate joints."
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ROTATIONAL RESISTANCE TEST OF A NEW ALUMINUM ALLOY PENETRATING (AAP) JOINT SYSTEM. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2023.19.2.4.

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Aluminum alloy penetrating (AAP) joint is an improved form of the Aluminum Alloy Temcor (AAT) joint system consisting of one penetrating member, four short members, gussets, bolts and a U-shaped connector. The rotational resistance performance of AAP joints is investigated by a static out-of-plane flexural test. The specific experimental parameters include the gusset thickness (6 mm and 12 mm) and shape (circular and X-shaped). The differences between penetrating and short members in AAP joints are analyzed, and the influence of thicknesses and shapes of gusset on rotational resistance behavior of the joints is analyzed. The establishment of the finite element model of the AAP joint system in this paper considers the effects of bolt pre-tightening force, installation gap and friction between contact surfaces. The M-Φ curves and damage patterns are obtained by numerical simulation. The detailed comparative analysis between AAP joint numerical simulation and test results verifies the accuracy of the numerical model.
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ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMIC MECHANISM OF SQUARE TUBULAR T-JOINTS WITH CHORD FLANGES SUBJECTED TO IMPACT LOADING. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2024.20.1.3.

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Abstract:
This study examines the dynamic mechanical properties of square tubular T-joints with impact loads acting on the chord surface in the joint area. The study first verified the failure modes and behaviors of the specimens under a brace axial force and impact, respectively, where the simulation results demonstrated good agreement with the experimental results. A total of 138 square hollow section tubular T-joint finite element models were divided into T1, T2, and T3 groups based on different tube diameter ratios. The failure modes, displacement-time history curves, and impact force-time history curves were obtained. The results revealed that the joint deformation modes were primarily characterized by significant local indentation at the impact site and junction of the chord and brace, as well as a certain degree of deformation at both ends of the chord. Within a certain range, the preloaded axial force could mitigate the development of plastic deformation, whereas an increased ratio of the drop hammer length to chord diameter exacerbated it. Finally, theoretical analysis was simplified by defining the plastic element set, and the energy dissipation coefficient ψ was proposed to evaluate the impact resistance of square tubular T-joints by analyzing the specific energy changes in the intersecting region (El) and at the ends of the chord (Ee).
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AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF STEEL COMPOSITE BEAM-COLUMN RIGID JOINT AND BUCKLING RESTRAINED KNEE-BRACED JOINT. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2023.19.4.6.

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Abstract:
This paper evaluates the seismic performance of conventional steel composite beam-column rigid joints, and a novel buckling restrained knee-braced joint (BRKBJ), considering the impact of the floor slab. A series of quasi-static comparative tests were conducted to analyze the failure mode, load-bearing capacity, hysteresis performance, and ductility of both types of joints. Our findings revealed that the hysteretic curve of the BRKBJ exhibits a robust and shuttle-like shape, suggesting an adequate energy dissipation performance. However, its yield displacement is relatively small. Conversely, there is a marginal increase in the yield displacement of the beam and column, along with a significant rise in the yield load when compared to the rigid joint. The ultimate load-bearing capacity increases by 32.6%, and the displacement under this ultimate load decreases by 19.2%. Furthermore, the equivalent viscous damping coefficient and the ductility coefficient see an increase of 14.5% and 21.6%, respectively. When damage occurs to the joint, the buckling restrained knee brace helps shift the plastic hinge outwards, safeguarding the beam-column joint. It was also observed that the impact of the buckling restrained knee brace on the hysteretic behavior of the composite beam-column rigid connection at the beam end during the tension phase is notably more than during the compression phase. The presence of a floor has minimal effect on the BRKBJ.

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