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Journal articles on the topic 'Curvature generation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 31 August 2024

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1

Kitaeva, Galiya Kh, Dmitrii A. Markov, Daniil A. Safronenkov, and Natalia V. Starkova. "Prism Couplers with Convex Output Surfaces for Nonlinear Cherenkov Terahertz Generation." Photonics 10, no. 4 (April 13, 2023): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10040450.

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Sideways THz generation in Mg:LiNbO3 crystal is studied considering Si-prism-lens couplers with different output surface curvatures. A theoretical approach is developed for modeling the angular distributions of THz radiation power inside the crystal, inside the Si coupler and outside in free space. Our calculations show how the imposition of a plano-convex lens on the standard flat prism can substantially improve the THz generation efficiency. The ratio between the lens curvature radius and the distance from the curvature center to the point of generation on the lens axis is found to be one of the most important parameters. The developed general approach can be used for the further design of the optimal THz extraction elements of a different configuration.

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2

Chang, Lichun, Yao Zhao, Hua Yuan, Xiaocai Hu, Zhen Yang, and Hao Zhang. "Effect of Plate Curvature on Heat Source Distribution in Induction Line Heating for Plate Forming." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (March 27, 2020): 2304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072304.

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Line heating is an essential process in the formation of ship hull plates with a complex curvature. Electromagnetic induction heating is widely used in the line heating process. In electromagnetic induction heating, the shape of the coil and the air gap between the inductor and workpiece could influence the heat source distribution. Moreover, in the line heating process, the change of curvature of the plate will cause a change of the air gap of the inductor. Magnetic thermal coupling calculation is an effective method for simulating induction heating. This paper used the finite element method to calculate the distribution of heat sources in different initial plate curvatures and coil widths. The changes in heat source distribution and its laws were investigated. The results show that when the coil width is less than 100 mm, the effect of plate curvature on heat source distribution and strain distribution is not apparent; when the coil width is greater than 100 mm, the plate curvature has a visible effect on the heat generation distribution. In the case of a curvature increasing from 0 to 1 and a coil width equal to 220 mm, the Joule heat generation in the center of the heating area is reduced by up to 21%.

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3

MATSUOKA, Yoshiyuki. "Shape-Generation Method Using Curvature Entropy." KANSEI Engineering International 1, no. 4 (2000): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5057/kei.1.4_11.

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4

Ujiie, Yoshiki, Takeo Kato, Koichiro Sato, and Yoshiyuki Matsuoka. "Curvature Entropy for Curved Profile Generation." Entropy 14, no. 3 (March 9, 2012): 533–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e14030533.

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5

UJIIE, Yoshiki, and Yoshiyuki MATSUOKA. "Shape Generation Method Using Curvature Entropy." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2000.2 (2000): 509–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2000.2.0_509.

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6

UJIIE, Yoshiki, and Yoshiyuki MATSUOKA. "Shape-Generation Method Using Curvature Integration." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 71, no. 702 (2005): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.71.547.

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7

Berseth, Glen, Mubbasir Kapadia, and Petros Faloutsos. "ACCLMesh: curvature-based navigation mesh generation." Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds 27, no. 3-4 (May 2016): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cav.1710.

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8

Ferguson, Joshua, Cemal Cakez, Farah Hasan, Emanuele Cocucci, and Comert Kural. "Curvature Generation by Endocytic Clathrin Coats." Biophysical Journal 116, no. 3 (February 2019): 91a—92a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.536.

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9

Scher-Zagier, Jonah K. "Force Generation by Curvature-Generating Molecules in Cells with Turgor." Biophysical Journal 114, no. 3 (February 2018): 280a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.1613.

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10

Ye, Tie Li, Lu Ling An, Li Gao, and Min Wu. "Research on Sketch Contour Generation in Reverse Engineering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 1106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.1106.

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The key technologies for generating sketch contours are researched on which the features such as extrusion, revolution and sweeping are reconstructed. First the planar data points are arranged in sequence by improved least distance arrangement algorithm. The feature points are extracted in terms of estimated curvatures and their changes. The types of feature points are identified by use of Adaptive K-Curvature Function. The types of planar curves are judged by Projective Height Function. On basis of feature point treatment the dividing points to segment curves are determined, which provides the foundation for constraint-based reconstruction of sketch contours in reverse engineering.

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11

Jenmalm, Per, Antony W. Goodwin, and Roland S. Johansson. "Control of Grasp Stability When Humans Lift Objects With Different Surface Curvatures." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 1643–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.4.1643.

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Jenmalm, Per, Antony W. Goodwin, and Roland S. Johansson. Control of grasp stability when humans lift objects with different surface curvatures. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 1643–1652, 1998. In previous investigations of the control of grasp stability, humans manipulated test objects with flat grasp surfaces. The surfaces of most objects that we handle in everyday activities, however, are curved. In the present study, we examined the influence of surface curvature on the fingertip forces used when humans lifted and held objects of various weights. Subjects grasped the test object between the thumb and the index finger. The matching pair of grasped surfaces were spherically curved with one of six different curvatures (concave with radius 20 or 40 mm; flat; convex with radius 20, 10, or 5 mm) and the object had one of five different weights ranging from 168 to 705 g. The grip force used by subjects (force along the axis between the 2 grasped surfaces) increased with increasing weight of the object but was modified inconsistently and incompletely by surface curvature. Similarly, the duration and rate of force generation, when the grip and load forces increased isometrically in the load phase before object lift-off, were not influenced by surface curvature. In contrast, surface curvature did affect the minimum grip forces required to prevent frictional slips (the slip force). The slip force was smaller for larger curvatures (both concave and convex) than for flatter surfaces. Therefore the force safety margin against slips (difference between the employed grip force and the slip force) was higher for the higher curvatures. We conclude that surface curvature has little influence on grip force regulation during this type of manipulation; the moderate changes in slip force resulting from changes in curvature are not fully compensated for by changes in grip force.

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12

Alimohamadi, Haleh, and Padmini Rangamani. "Modeling Membrane Curvature Generation due to Membrane–Protein Interactions." Biomolecules 8, no. 4 (October 23, 2018): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom8040120.

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To alter and adjust the shape of the plasma membrane, cells harness various mechanisms of curvature generation. Many of these curvature generation mechanisms rely on the interactions between peripheral membrane proteins, integral membrane proteins, and lipids in the bilayer membrane. Mathematical and computational modeling of membrane curvature generation has provided great insights into the physics underlying these processes. However, one of the challenges in modeling these processes is identifying the suitable constitutive relationships that describe the membrane free energy including protein distribution and curvature generation capability. Here, we review some of the commonly used continuum elastic membrane models that have been developed for this purpose and discuss their applications. Finally, we address some fundamental challenges that future theoretical methods need to overcome to push the boundaries of current model applications.

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13

Lekkas, Anastasios M., Andreas Reason Dahl, Morten Breivik, and Thor I. Fossen. "Continuous-Curvature Path Generation Using Fermat's Spiral." Modeling, Identification and Control: A Norwegian Research Bulletin 34, no. 4 (2013): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4173/mic.2013.4.3.

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14

Clarke, Margaret, Ulrike Engel, Jennifer Giorgione, Annette Müller-Taubenberger, Jana Prassler, Douwe Veltman, and Günther Gerisch. "Curvature recognition and force generation in phagocytosis." BMC Biology 8, no. 1 (2010): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1741-7007-8-154.

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15

Karimi, Nazanin, Alessandro Alberucci, Oleksandr Buchnev, Matti Virkki, Martti Kauranen, and Gaetano Assanto. "Phase-front curvature effects on nematicon generation." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 33, no. 5 (April 18, 2016): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.33.000903.

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16

Yuan, En Tao, and Bing Shao. "Biarc Approximations Tool-Path Generation for Polyhedral Models." Advanced Materials Research 889-890 (February 2014): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.889-890.32.

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An effective biarc approximate tool path generation algorithm is presented for polyhedral models. A series of sections intersect the offset surface of polyhedral models to obtain the initial tool paths. The path interval is calculated by the curvature radiuses and scallop height for offset surface models. Within the range of fitting precision, based on the biarc fitting constraint condition and adjustment parameter of curvature, iteration method is used to determine adjustment parameter of curvature radius. So the last radius for biarc is obtained for fitting the initial tool paths. Example shows the method can keep G1 biarc approximations tool path and fewer biarc segments, so the machining efficiency is improved.

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17

Blanchard, Mathieu, Peter J. Schmid, Denis Sipp, and Thierry Schuller. "Pressure wave generation from perturbed premixed flames." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 797 (May 17, 2016): 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.268.

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Numerical simulations and perturbation analysis of a radially imploding laminar premixed flame are used to study the mechanisms responsible for the generation of pressure fluctuations at flame fronts for various Lewis numbers. The relative importance of mechanisms based on unsteady heat release and on vorticity is investigated using an optimization methodology. Particular attention is paid to the influence of non-axisymmetric conditions and local flame curvature. It is shown that vorticity-based noise generation prevails for high-wavenumber, non-axisymmetric disturbances at all curvatures, while heat-release-driven noise generation dominates the axisymmetric and low-wavenumber regimes. These results indicate that short-wavelength vorticity waves actively participate in flame acoustic activity and can surpass acoustic output mechanisms based on heat-release fluctuations in the vicinity of the flame front.

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18

Park, Jeongyeon, Sungho Chang, Dongwon Lee, Hyeonhwa Lee, Bongchul Kang, and Jongsu Kim. "Two-Step Glass Molding Process for Forming Glass Edges with Obtuse Angles for Mobile Displays." Micromachines 13, no. 7 (June 29, 2022): 1032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13071032.

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The domain of edge displays with 2.5D or 3D curved designs has been expanded to improve user convenience. The currently available 3D cover glass offers a limited curvature radius of at least 5 mm and a curvature less than 88°, due to limitations in the undercuts and formability of parts. The development of a full 3D cover, applicable to next-generation displays, requires cover glass molding technology with a curvature exceeding 90°. Here, a mold design and molding process, which addresses the current limitations by dividing the existing glass molding press (GMP) process into two stages, is proposed. The bending geometry of the glass prepared on the basis of the proposed mold design plan during single-step compression forming and two-step compression forming was predicted using commercial analysis software. A molding product with a curvature radius of 2.5 mm and an angle of curvature of 138.9° was produced when process conditions with bending by up to 180° with no damage were applied during actual forming experiments. Further research on annealing and cooling processes of GMP is expected to enable the design and process implementation to manufacture curved glass with a single curvature of at least 90° and multiple curvatures.

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19

Sachin Krishnan, T. V., Sovan L. Das, and P. B. Sunil Kumar. "Transition from curvature sensing to generation in a vesicle driven by protein binding strength and membrane tension." Soft Matter 15, no. 9 (2019): 2071–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm02623h.

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20

Bradley, Ryan P., and Ravi Radhakrishnan. "Curvature–undulation coupling as a basis for curvature sensing and generation in bilayer membranes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 35 (August 16, 2016): E5117—E5124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1605259113.

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We present coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of the epsin N-terminal homology domain interacting with a lipid bilayer and demonstrate a rigorous theoretical formalism and analysis method for computing the induced curvature field in varying concentrations of the protein in the dilute limit. Our theory is based on the description of the height–height undulation spectrum in the presence of a curvature field. We formulated an objective function to compare the acquired undulation spectrum from the simulations to that of the theory. We recover the curvature field parameters by minimizing the objective function even in the limit where the protein-induced membrane curvature is of the same order as the amplitude due to thermal undulations. The coupling between curvature and undulations leads to significant predictions: (i) Under dilute conditions, the proteins can sense a site of spontaneous curvature at distances much larger than their size; (ii) as the density of proteins increases the coupling focuses and stabilizes the curvature field to the site of the proteins; and (iii) the mapping of the protein localization and the induction of a stable curvature is a cooperative process that can be described through a Hill function.

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21

Silage, D. A., and J. Gil. "Morphometric measurement of local curvature of the alveolar ducts in lung mechanics." Journal of Applied Physiology 65, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 1592–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.65.4.1592.

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We have performed partial serial reconstructions of an acinus of the rabbit lung and determined the apparent existence of numerous heterogeneities in length, diameter, and local curvature in individual generation branches of the lung. We believe that structural changes during respiratory movements may include changes in the length and diameter of the whole duct. Alveoli are seen to be side differentiations secondary to the ducts in the gas-exchanging parenchyma of the rabbit lung. We have developed a technique for measuring local curvature in simple reconstructed ducts from the average of the integral curvation of the section contour. The contour curvature is measured from the chain code representation of the sampled contour from digital image analysis. The stereological requirements of an unbiased and random selection of contours is approached here by the random orientation of the individual alveoli of a single duct. Over 700 sections through the last four airway generations (alveolar ducts) at 3-micron intervals were analyzed. The average integral curvature ranges from 7.7 to 9.5 (mean 8.9) mm-1 for sixth- and seventh-generation branches from the start with volumes for the segments from 0.022 to 1.198 (mean 0.497) mm3.

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22

Dasgupta, Raktim, Markus S. Miettinen, Nico Fricke, Reinhard Lipowsky, and Rumiana Dimova. "The glycolipid GM1 reshapes asymmetric biomembranes and giant vesicles by curvature generation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 22 (May 14, 2018): 5756–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1722320115.

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The ganglioside GM1 is present in neuronal membranes at elevated concentrations with an asymmetric spatial distribution. It is known to generate curvature and can be expected to strongly influence the neuron morphology. To elucidate these effects, we prepared giant vesicles with GM1 predominantly present in one leaflet of the membrane, mimicking the asymmetric GM1 distribution in neuronal membranes. Based on pulling inward and outward tubes, we developed a technique that allowed the direct measurement of the membrane spontaneous curvature. Using vesicle electroporation and fluorescence intensity analysis, we were able to quantify the GM1 asymmetry across the membrane and to subsequently estimate the local curvature generated by the molecule in the bilayer. Molecular-dynamics simulations confirm the experimentally determined dependence of the membrane spontaneous curvature as a function of GM1 asymmetry. GM1 plays a crucial role in connection with receptor proteins. Our results on curvature generation of GM1 point to an additional important role of this ganglioside, namely in shaping neuronal membranes.

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23

Jia, Hong, Yu Huai Wang, and Yan Lin Lu. "An Improved Strategy of Automatic Triangular Mesh Generation over 3D Surface." Advanced Materials Research 69-70 (May 2009): 540–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.69-70.540.

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A quadratic mapping method based on curvature for mesh generation is presented in this paper. The method starts from the triangulation of 2D parametric surface by applying the Advancing Front Technique (AFT) and Delaunay Triangulation (DT) together with 3D feature information. Then 3D surface mapping from 2D elements is realized by quadratic mapping method with curvature measure information. After that, triangular mesh over 3D surface is automatically generated. Besides, graded mesh control strategy is discussed in the paper for the sake of generating mesh with higher quality. Finally, several application examples are given to show the characteristics of the presented method.

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24

Okano, Akihiro, Taishi Matsumoto, and Takeo Kato. "Gaussian Curvature Entropy for Curved Surface Shape Generation." Entropy 22, no. 3 (March 18, 2020): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22030353.

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The overall shape features that emerge from combinations of shape elements, such as “complexity” and “order”, are important in designing shapes of industrial products. However, controlling the features of shapes is difficult and depends on the experience and intuition of designers. Among these features, “complexity” is said to have an influence on the “beauty” and “preference” of shapes. This research proposed a Gaussian curvature entropy as a “complexity” index of a curved surface shape. The proposed index is calculated based on Gaussian curvature, which is obtained by the sampling and quantization of a curved surface shape and validated by the sensory evaluation experiment while using two types of sample shapes. The result indicates the correspondence of the index to perceived “complexity” (the determination coefficient is greater than 0.8). Additionally, this research constructed a shape generation method that was based on the index as a car design supporting apparatus, in which the designers can refer many shapes generated by controlling “complexity”. The applicability of the proposed method was confirmed by the experiment while using the generated shapes.

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25

Shin, Hye-Won, Hiroyuki Takatsu, and Kazuhisa Nakayama. "Mechanisms of Membrane Curvature Generation in Membrane Traffic." Membranes 2, no. 1 (February 29, 2012): 118–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes2010118.

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26

Natali, M., F. Romanato, E. Napolitani, D. De Salvador, and A. V. Drigo. "Lattice curvature generation in gradedInxGa1−xAs/GaAsbuffer layers." Physical Review B 62, no. 16 (October 15, 2000): 11054–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.62.11054.

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27

Mim, Carsten, and Vinzenz M. Unger. "Membrane curvature and its generation by BAR proteins." Trends in Biochemical Sciences 37, no. 12 (December 2012): 526–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2012.09.001.

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28

Wang, Dandan, M. D. Thouless, Wei Lu, and J. R. Barber. "Generation of perversions in fibers with intrinsic curvature." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 139 (June 2020): 103932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2020.103932.

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29

Lyutikov, Maxim, George Machabeli, and Roger Blandford. "Cherenkov‐Curvature Radiation and Pulsar Radio Emission Generation." Astrophysical Journal 512, no. 2 (February 20, 1999): 804–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/306806.

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30

Higashi, Masatake, Hideo Tsutamori, and Mamoru Hosaka. "Generation of Smooth Surfaces by Controlling Curvature Variation." Computer Graphics Forum 15, no. 3 (August 1996): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8659.1530187.

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31

LAN, Fengli, Hirofumi TAMAI, Kenjiro T. MIURA, and Hiroshi MAKINO. "Path Generation Using Linear Curvature and Torsion Segments." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 78, no. 7 (2012): 605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.78.605.

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32

Alimohamadi, H., R. Vasan, J. E. Hassinger, J. C. Stachowiak, and P. Rangamani. "The role of traction in membrane curvature generation." Molecular Biology of the Cell 29, no. 16 (August 8, 2018): 2024–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e18-02-0087.

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Curvature of biological membranes can be generated by a variety of molecular mechanisms including protein scaffolding, compositional heterogeneity, and cytoskeletal forces. These mechanisms have the net effect of generating tractions (force per unit length) on the bilayer that are translated into distinct shapes of the membrane. Here, we demonstrate how the local shape of the membrane can be used to infer the traction acting locally on the membrane. We show that buds and tubes, two common membrane deformations studied in trafficking processes, have different traction distributions along the membrane and that these tractions are specific to the molecular mechanism used to generate these shapes. Furthermore, we show that the magnitude of an axial force applied to the membrane as well as that of an effective line tension can be calculated from these tractions. Finally, we consider the sensitivity of these quantities with respect to uncertainties in material properties and follow with a discussion on sources of uncertainty in membrane shape.

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33

Kojima, Kazuhiko, Toshitaka Kajino, and Grant J. Mathews. "Generation of curvature perturbations with extra anisotropic stress." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2010, no. 02 (February 15, 2010): 018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2010/02/018.

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34

Alimohamadi, Haleh, Ritvik Vasan, Julian Hassinger, Jeanne Stachowiak, and Padmini Rangamani. "The Role of Traction in Membrane Curvature Generation." Biophysical Journal 114, no. 3 (February 2018): 600a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.3283.

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35

Park, Soohyung, Amy Rice, Wonpil Im, and Richard W. Pastor. "Spontaneous curvature generation by peptides in asymmetric bilayers." Biophysical Journal 123, no. 3 (February 2024): 186a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2023.11.1207.

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36

Nepal, Binod, Aliasghar Sepehri, and Themis Lazaridis. "Mechanisms of Negative Membrane Curvature Sensing and Generation." Biophysical Journal 118, no. 3 (February 2020): 231a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.1369.

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37

Bradley, Ryan, and Ravi Radhakrishnan. "Curvature-Undulation Coupling as a Basis for Curvature Sensing and Generation in Bilayer Membranes." Biophysical Journal 112, no. 3 (February 2017): 220a—221a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.1216.

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38

Drummond, I. T., and W. Münch. "Distortion of line and surface elements in model turbulent flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 225 (April 1991): 529–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002211209100215x.

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Material lines and surfaces transported in a random velocity field undergo bending and stretching. In this paper we investigate the time evolution of curvature in line and surface elements both analytically and by numerical simulation for a simple model turbulence. Our analysis is close to that of Pope (1988) for the evolution of curvature in surface elements. We show that the equation governing the evolution of curvature in a line element is very similar to that governing the evolution of the principal curvature in a surface patch. We investigate the circumstances in which the effect of straining fluctuations is to cause the exponential rate of growth of curvature discovered by Pope et al. (1989). Our simulation confirms that the presence of helicity in the turbulent flow results in the development of a non-vanishing mean torsion in a line element. The results of the simulation also suggest that the generation of curvature tends to occur in regions different from those associated with rapid stretching. The generation of torsion, however, is found not to be correlated with either bending or stretching.

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39

Hu, Zijian, Xiance Xie, Zhihong Yang, Yunhui Wang, and Shicheng Jiang. "Orientation-Dependent High-Order Harmonic Generation from Monolayer ZnO." Symmetry 15, no. 7 (July 15, 2023): 1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15071427.

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Solid-state high-order harmonic generation (HHG) now is a strong tool for detecting target properties, like band structure, Berry curvature and transition dipole moments (TDMs). However, the physical mechanism of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in solids has not been fully elucidated. According to previously published works, in addition to the inter-band polarization, intra-band currents, and anomalous currents due to Berry curvature, there is another term which will be called the mixture term (MT). Taking monolayer ZnO as a sample, it is found that the intensity of the mixture term, which has been ignored for a long time in previous works, actually is comparable with other terms. Additionally, we compare the orientation-dependent HHG spectra that originated from different mechanisms. It is found that the inter-band and mixture HHG show similar orientation features. Meanwhile, Berry curvature only produces perpendicularly polarized even harmonics, and intra-band perpendicularly polarized even harmonics show special orientation features which can be explained by the orientation-dependent group velocity. This work will help people understand the mechanisms of solid-HHG better.

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40

DAS, MOUMITA, and SUBHENDRA MOHANTY. "MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATION IN HIGGS INFLATION MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics A 27, no. 08 (March 30, 2012): 1250040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x12500406.

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We study the generation of magnetic field in Higgs inflation models where the Standard Model Higgs boson has a large coupling to the Ricci scalar. We couple the Higgs field to the electromagnetic fields via a nonrenormalizable dimension six operator suppressed by the Planck scale in the Jordan frame. We show that by choosing the Higgs coupling λ(MZ) = 0.132 (which corresponds to mh = 126 GeV in keeping with the recent measurements by ATLAS and CMS) and curvature coupling ξ(MZ) = 103 we can generate comoving magnetic fields of 10-7 Gauss at present and comoving coherence length of 100 kpc. The problem of large back-reaction which is generic in the usual inflation models of magneto-genesis is avoided as the back-reaction is suppressed by the large Higgs-curvature coupling.

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41

Oliver, J. H., D. A. Wysocki, and E. D. Goodman. "Gouge Detection Algorithms for Sculptured Surface NC Generation." Journal of Engineering for Industry 115, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2901627.

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Two algorithms are presented to detect and correct milling errors which can occur in commonly applied three-axis NC generation procedures for sculptured surface parts. The first method exploits surface normals and the geometry of the tool to accurately characterize the chordal deviation resulting from an actual tool motion. The second technique considers the global nature of an entire tool pass to detect gouging in areas of high curvature variation. This method is capable of detecting gouges in both locally concave and convex regions of curvature. The algorithms are designed in a modular fashion and can be incorporated as part of the general generative procedure. Results of such an implementation are presented which demonstrate the benefits of the gouge detection algorithms.

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42

Qayyum, Sumaira, Tasawar Hayat, and Ahmed Alsaedi. "Optimization of entropy generation in motion of magnetite-Fe3O4 nanoparticles due to curved stretching sheet of variable thickness." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 29, no. 9 (September 2, 2019): 3347–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-12-2018-0782.

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Purpose Investigation for convective flow of water-based nanofluid (composed of ferric oxide asnanoparticles) by curved stretching sheet of variable thickness is made. Bejan number andentropy generation analysis is presented in presence of viscous dissipation, mixed convectionand porous medium. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, by using NDSolve of MATHEMATICA, the nonlinear system of equations is solved. Velocity, temperature, Bejan number and entropy generation for involved dimensionless variables are discussed. Findings Increase in velocity is depicted for larger curvature parameter, and opposite trend is witnessed for higher nanoparticle volume concentration. Enhancement in temperature is seen for higher Eckert number while reverse behavior is noticed for larger curvature parameter. Entropy rate increases for variation of curvature parameter, Brinkman number and nanoparticle volume fraction. Bejan number decays for mixed convection and curvature parameters. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, there exists no study yet which describes flow by curved sheet of variable thickness. Such consideration with nanoparticles seems important task. Thus, the main objective here is to determine entropy generation in ferromagnetic nanofluid flow due to variable thickened curved stretching surface. Additionally, effects of Joule heating, porous medium, mixed convection and viscous dissipation are taken into account.

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Tourkov, Konstantin, Florian Zink, and Laura Schaefer. "Thermoacoustic sound generation under the influence of resonator curvature." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 88 (February 2015): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2014.09.016.

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Mahdifar, Ali, Shahram Dehdashti, Rasoul Roknizadeh, and Hongsheng Chen. "Curvature detection by entanglement generation using a beam splitter." Quantum Information Processing 14, no. 8 (May 24, 2015): 2895–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11128-015-1027-8.

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Sethian, J. A. "Curvature Flow and Entropy Conditions Applied to Grid Generation." Journal of Computational Physics 115, no. 2 (December 1994): 440–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcph.1994.1209.

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Tarabichi, Osama, Vivek V. Kanumuri, Julian Klug, Nicolas Vachicouras, Maria J. Duarte, Lorenz Epprecht, Elliott D. Kozin, et al. "Three-Dimensional Surface Reconstruction of the Human Cochlear Nucleus: Implications for Auditory Brain Stem Implant Design." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base 81, no. 02 (February 22, 2019): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1677863.

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Abstract Objective The auditory brain stem implant (ABI) is a neuroprosthesis placed on the surface of the cochlear nucleus (CN) to provide hearing sensations in children and adults who are not candidates for cochlear implantation. Contemporary ABI arrays are stiff and do not conform to the curved brain stem surface. Recent advancements in microfabrication techniques have enabled the development of flexible surface arrays, but these have only been applied in animal models. Herein, we measure the surface curvature of the human CN and adjoining regions to assist in the design and placement of next-generation conformable clinical ABI arrays. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from ultrahigh T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences and histologic reconstructions based on postmortem adult human brain stem specimens were used. Design This is a retrospective review of radiologic data and postmortem histologic axial sections. Setting This is set at the tertiary referral center. Participants Data were acquired from healthy adults. Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measures are principal curvature values (Kmin and Kmax) and global radius of curvature. Results The CN was successfully extracted and rendered as a 3D surface in all cases. Significant curvatures of the CN in both histologic and radiographic reconstructions were found with global radius of curvature ranging from 2.08 to 8.5 mm. In addition, local curvature analysis revealed that the surface is highly complex. Conclusion Detailed rendering of the human CN is feasible using histology and 3D MRI reconstruction and highlights complex surface topography that is not recapitulated by contemporary stiff ABI arrays.

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C., Sreerag, Gokul R., Vinaykumar J., and Rajyalakshmi G. "Impact of instantaneous curvature on force and heat generation in manufacturing processes – a mathematical modelling." Engineering Computations 37, no. 7 (February 28, 2020): 2251–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-06-2019-0289.

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Purpose In any machining process, the surface profile of the workpiece is continuously changing with respect to time and input parameters. In a conventional machining process, input parameters are feed and depth of cut whilst other parameters are considered to be constant throughout the process. Design/methodology/approach The direct and indirect participation of this instantaneous curvature can be used to optimize the strategy of cutting operation in terms of different parameters like heat generation-induced stresses, etc. The concepts of the metric tensor and Riemannian curvature tensor are made use in this study as a representation of curvature itself. The objective of this study is to create a mathematical methodology that can be implemented on a highly flexible machining process to find an optimum cutting strategy for a particular output parameter. Findings The study also includes different case studies for the validation of this newly introduced mathematical methodology. Originality/value The study will also find its position in other mechanical processes like forging and casting where instantaneous curvature affects various mechanical properties.

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Wang, P. F., C. Wang, and J. L. Han. "Curvature radiation in rotating pulsar magnetosphere." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S291 (August 2012): 552–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312024842.

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AbstractWe investigate the curvature radiation from relativistic particles streaming along magnetic field lines and co-rotating with a pulsar. The co-rotation affects the trajectories of the particles and hence the emission properties, especially the polarization. For three density models in the form of core, cone and patches, we calculate the polarized emission at a given height and also the integrated emission for the whole open field line region, and try to explain the generation of circular polarization.

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SONG, DAE-YUP. "DYNAMICAL MASS GENERATION AND CRITICAL CURVATURE IN THE O(N) NONLINEAR SIGMA MODEL." Modern Physics Letters A 11, no. 19 (June 21, 1996): 1569–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732396001569.

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The large-N nonlinear O(N) sigma model with the curvature coupled term ξRn2 is examined on a spacetime of R1×S2 topology (three-dimensional static Einstein universe). Making use of the cutoff method, we find the renormalized effective potential which shows that, for ξ>1/8, there is a second-order phase transition. Above the critical curvature, the dynamical mass generation does not take place even in the strong-coupled regime. The phase structure of the model on S2 is also discussed.

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Shang, Jessica K., H. A. Stone, and A. J. Smits. "Flow past finite cylinders of constant curvature." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 837 (January 5, 2018): 896–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.884.

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Wake visualization experiments were conducted on a finite curved cylinder whose plane of curvature is aligned with the free stream. The stagnation face of the cylinder is oriented concave or convex to the flow at $230\leqslant Re_{D}\leqslant 916$, where $Re_{D}$ is the cylinder Reynolds number and the curvature is constant and ranges from a straight cylinder to a quarter-ring. While the magnitude of the local angle of incidence to the flow is the same for both orientations, the contrast in their wakes demonstrates a violation of a common approximation known as the ‘independence principle’ for curved cylinders. Vortex shedding always occurred for the convex-oriented cylinder for the Reynolds-number range investigated, along most of the cylinder span, at a constant vortex shedding angle. In contrast, a concave-oriented cylinder could exhibit multiple concurrent wake regimes along its span: two shedding regimes (oblique, normal) and two non-shedding regimes. The occurrence of these wake regimes depended on the curvature, aspect ratio and Reynolds number. In some cases, vortex shedding was entirely suppressed, particularly at higher curvatures. In the laminar wake regime, increasing the curvature or decreasing the aspect ratio restricts vortex shedding to smaller regions along the span of the cylinder. Furthermore, the local angle of incidence where vortex shedding occurs is self-similar across cylinders of the same aspect ratio and varying curvature. After the wake transitions to turbulence, the vortex shedding extends along most of the cylinder span. The difference in the wakes between the concave and convex orientations is attributed to the spanwise flow induced by the finite end conditions, which reduces the generation of spanwise vorticity and increases the incidence of non-shedding and obliquely shedding wakes for the concave cylinder.

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