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Mitchell, Beular. "Understanding curriculum policy : a case study of curriculum policy development for secondary education in Trinidad and Tobago." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.577550.
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Up to 1998, there was no common curriculum policy for secondary education in Trinidad and Tobago. Against this background, there was widespread student underachievement and it was determined that the absence of a common curriculum policy could be a contributing factor. In an attempt to address these perceived deficiencies, the country embarked on curriculum reform. Critical to the reform was the establishment of curriculum policy designed to ensure equity and quality in secondary education. In this study, I spotlighted the curriculum policy process, seeking to gain insight into what the development process entailed. I explored the approach to policy making that was adopted; investigated the sociocultural and historical factors which influenced policy development and brought to light the dilemmas which were experienced and the opportunities which presented themselves. I adopted Taylor, Rizvi, Lingard and Henry's (1997) concept of educational policy and employed Bowe, Ball and Gold's (1992) notion of the policy cycle. In addition, I drew heavily on the principles of critical policy analysis to deepen the probe. Through an interrogation of these concepts, an understanding of curriculum as policy emerged and was elaborated to guide the structure of the study; suggest a methodological approach; and signal critical elements of policy analysis. I took a qualitative approach to the study and employed a case study design, using interviews and documentary analysis as research methods. The findings of the study revealed that curriculum policy in Trinidad and Tobago is state-centric, elitist in nature and locked into the positivistic paradigm. Curriculum policy making is undisputedly impacted by global factors, yet, at the same time, strongly influenced by socio-cultural practices, linked intrinsically to the country's colonial history and deeply embedded educational ideologies. Curriculum policy making IS, therefore, complex and takes place in a dynamic policy environment which gives rise to many dilemmas but which also offers opportunities for curriculum policy change.
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Matheus, Danielle dos Santos. "Políticas de currículo em Niterói, Rio de Janeiro: o contexto da prática." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1836.
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Esta pesquisa analisa a política curricular da Rede Municipal de Educação de Niterói, RJ, na gestão do Partido dos Trabalhadores, triênio 2005 2008. O currículo é abordado neste trabalho como artefato cultural marcado por processos de hibridação. Com base na abordagem do ciclo de políticas de Stephen Ball, as políticas de currículo são tratadas como textos, discursos e práticas produzidos em três contextos articulados entre si e permeados por relações de poder e disputas pela significação e controle simbólico do currículo. A partir das contribuições de Ernesto Laclau, entendo que no processo de produção da política curricular, sujeitos se articulam para defender determinadas concepções de currículo, as quais querem hegemonizar. A produção curricular, nessa perspectiva, é uma luta hegemônica caracterizada pela tensão entre particular e universal. O objetivo da presente pesquisa é analisar as interpretações que o contexto da prática opera sobre os textos que representam a política curricular defendida pelo poder público local. Defino o contexto da prática nesta pesquisa como o 3 e 4 ciclos do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola denominada, ficticiamente, Escola Niterói. Os sentidos curriculares produzidos nessa escola foram acessados por meio de entrevistas realizadas com professores das oito disciplinas que compõem o currículo escolar.
O contexto de produção dos textos é acessado através da análise dos quatro documentos curriculares produzidos pela Fundação Municipal de Educação, nos quais investigo também sentidos do contexto de influência da política. Analisando os sentidos que estão em jogo nos documentos curriculares e na Escola Niterói, concluo que há interpretações diversas, desenvolvidas em consonância com as demandas defendidas pelos grupos em disputa pela hegemonia no currículo. Identifico dois projetos curriculares em disputa a partir dos quais dois grupos se constituem: os que defendem a proposta da FME e os que a ela se opõem. No grupo favorável à proposta da FME, está grande parte das pedagogas da Escola Niterói, alguns poucos professores e os membros da equipe da FME; no grupo que se opõe a proposta está a maioria dos professores entrevistados que acredita na inviabilidade de sua adequação à realidade do contexto da prática. A insatisfação declarada por alguns professores passa a ser um dos elementos que une esses professores, criando uma identidade que é ao mesmo tempo fomentada em função da oposição à proposta hegemônica e do desejo de constituírem outra proposta particular.This research analyzes the curriculum policy of Niteróis Public Education System during the government (2005-2008) of Partido dos Trabalhadores (Labour Party). Curriculum is addressed here as a cultural artifact that suffers hybridation processes. Based on Stephen Balls study of policy cycles, the curriculum policies were discussed as texts, discourses and practices produced by three different contexts combined, surrounded by power relationships and disputes on curriculum symbolic control and meaning. Based on Ernesto Laclaus contributions, I understand that individuals gather to defend some curriculum conception wishing that it becomes hegemonic in the process of curriculum policy production. In this sense, the curriculum production is viewed as a struggle for hegemony marked by tension between particular and universal. The purpose of this research is to analyze the practice context interpretations of the curriculum policy texts defended by the local government. The practice context, here, is the 3rd and 4th cycles of a Middle School called Escola Niterói (fictional name), accessed by interviews with teachers from the eight academic subjects. Through the analysis of the four curriculum documents produced by the Fundação Municipal de Educação (municipal educational foundation) the context of text production is accessed, as well as the meanings of policy context of influence. On dealing with the meanings in the curriculum documents, I conclude that there are different interpretations made by different groups that are on struggle for hegemony on curriculum. Those interpretations are connected to the groups demands. Its possible to identify two disputing curriculum projects and to notice two groups linked to them: one defending the FMEs proposal and the other that is against it. Most of the pedagogues and some of the teachers of Escola Niterói, as well as the FMEs staff are in the group favorable to FMEs proposal. The majority of teachers interviewed in this research are in the opposite group, because they believe that is not viable to make the proposal adequate the context of practice. The teachers insatisfaction begins to bind them together, creating an identity that is stimulated by the opposition to the hegemonic proposal and by the desire of developing a new one at the same time.
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Jerome, Lee Paul. "Citizenship education : a case study of curriculum policy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020664/.
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In this thesis I argue that citizenship education was one of a range of domestic policies through which New Labour politicians imagined and sought to create the ideal citizen. It follows that in order to fully understand what happened to citizenship education policy under New Labour, it is essential to assess it within the broader political context. This is the first study to explore the connections between the political context of New Labour, the model of citizenship education which was promoted and the provision that developed in schools. Whilst most analyses of this area have characterised the policy as essentially communitarian, I argue that the model of citizenship education was broadly civic republican in character. I discuss the model and the tensions within it by considering (i) rights and responsibilities, (ii) active citizenship and (iii) community and diversity. I argue that the tensions in policy have often been replicated, rather than resolved, at school level. I have sought to understand the implementation of citizenship education policy from the top down and from the bottom up. The top down account draws on previously published national surveys and the bottom up story is told through an in-depth case study of a single school. The school case study was constructed in collaboration with a group of student co-researchers, which provides a distinctive methodological perspective and an insight into how Citizenship has been experienced by young people. Whilst the policy has failed to achieve all that was intended, there are important lessons to learn. I argue that future citizenship education policy should address the nature of the curriculum more explicitly by communicating aims and purposes more clearly, acknowledging the process of local interpretation, addressing the issue of subject status and connecting more explicitly with community-based opportunities.
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Ho, Yam Leung, and 何蔭良. "Target oriented curriculum: An analysis of the making of education policy in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965519.
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Norman, Phillip Richard. "What place has grammar in the English curriculum? : an analysis of ninety years' policy debate, 1921 to 2011." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1180.
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Since 1921 England’s governments have commissioned enquiries into English and literacy teaching, leading towards published recommendations and requirements for English grammar teaching. Governments’ officially sanctioned publications represent their policy aspirations for English and literacy. Research studies have explored the subsequent challenge for schools and teachers who must integrate grammar into a subject whose wider philosophies may conflict with an explicit grammar element. My study draws on critical theory to analyse the ideological discourses of English grammar these official policy documents reveal, and how they conflict or coincide with wider ideologies of English and literacy in schools. My study uses a two-stage analysis. First is an intertextual analysis using a corpus approach to identify the data’s grammar topics through its keywords and argumentation types. Second is a qualitative critical discourse analysis (CDA) of the documents’ main ideas and ideological discourses. The CDA analysis reveals three main ideological discourses of grammar, namely of ‘heritage and authority’, ‘standards and control’, and ‘life chances and skills’. These discourses are constructed from both prescriptive and descriptive traditions of linguistic thinking, and draw on ideological perspectives of teaching and teachers, learning and learners, and changing philosophies of English over time. The findings show no direct connection between the topic keywords policy authors use and the ideological positions they adopt. But there is a clear trend in argumentation approaches used to make hoped-for claims for grammar’s place and benefits in subject English. The discourses found question whether teachers are sufficiently prepared for grammar teaching and whether learners are sufficiently prepared for communicating in the workplace. The policy ideologies of grammar found in the qualitative analysis are finally re-mapped against wider philosophies of subject English to identify the broad policy trends.
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Mendes, Juliana Camila Barbosa. "Avaliação como espaço de dissenso: traduções possíveis na política curricular da Secretaria Municipal de Educação do Rio de Janeiro." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6892.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorEsta dissertação investiga os movimentos interelacionados da política de avaliação e da política curricular na Secretaria Municipal de Educação do Rio de Janeiro (SME/RJ), problematizando a introdução de estratégias como provas bimestrais, produção de material pedagógico, entre outras avaliações na rede que trazem novos sentidos para a produção curricular. A partir de análise de documentos curriculares que orientam essa política quanto aos procedimentos e concepções de avaliação, esse estudo visou melhor compreender os deslocamentos de sentido para a avaliação, como estratégia de legitimação de conhecimentos e práticas, bem como a análise dos sentidos do projeto educativo que foi assumido pelo município do Rio de Janeiro. Apoiada nas discussões de Ball (1992), recorro ao Ciclo de Políticas como modelo analítico para entender o processo de articulação entre esferas políticas. Concebo essa relação entre currículo e avaliação como lugar de negociação, embates e disputas, no qual analiso os sentidos de uma prática avaliativa padronizada vinculada a produção curricular. Argumento que está política criou um consenso hegemônico quanto a avaliação como competência técnica, a partir da inversão do sentido de qualidade, traduzido no discurso do texto político. Portanto, se estabelece um contexto avaliador para a escola, baseada numa política curricular que cria uma centralidade na avaliação como dispositivo de regulação do aluno e do trabalho docente, no qual o currículo e avaliação representam o exato local de disputa
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Krentz, Caroline D. "A theoretical-integrative model of core curriculum policy-making." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20769.
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McDonough, Edward Sean. "Measuring fidelity of implementation using the survey of enacted curriculum." W&M ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618629.
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The proper implementation of a curricular program is crucial in ensuring that the curricular content and learning intentions are delivered to students consistently and reliably. This being the case, it is essential that newly adopted curricular initiatives are evaluated for fidelity to the program's original standards. Currently, state and federal regulations require teachers to use instructional programs that have been shown to be effective through "scientifically based research" (Stavin, 2003). to satisfy the "scientifically based research" requirement of NCLB, curricular programs undergo rigorous efficacy and effectiveness testing to ensure that the program's standards are indeed valid. to further measure the validity, efficacy and effectiveness testing is often accompanied by fidelity of implementation (FOI) assessments (Century, Freeman, & Rudnick, 2008). FOI assessments serve to ensure that curricular programs are delivered to the standards prescribed by the original program model (Carroll et al., 2007; Century et al., 2008; Gresham, MacMillan, Boebe-Frankenberger, & Bocian, 2000; National Research Council, 2004 Reschly & Gresham, 2006; Schoenfeld, 2002).
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Gatt, Isabelle. "Challenging policy, changing practice : introducing drama as a curriculum innovation." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434359.
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Myers, Todd Darin. "Learning Outcomes for an Engineering and Technology Public Policy Curriculum." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1178154472.
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Campbell, Mary. "Youth cultural production in practice and in policy." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92356.
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This dissertation examines the increase in youth cultural production and youth involvement in the creative industries. The project researches structures that youth encounter, including federal, provinicial, and municipal policies, as they attempt to create small-scale and self-generated careers for themselves in the creative industries, and also looks at initiaves that youth create themselves, including artist networks, in order to facilitate their entry in the realm of work in the creative industries. After examining Canadian federal cultural policy in comparison to British cultural policy and provincial educational policy in Québec, I turn to a series of case studies concerning local, national, and international artist networks. Drawing on existing research from the sometimes disparate fields of research in creative economies, cultural studies, media education, and subculture studies, this dissertation examines the possibilities and limitations in the ways that these fields address youth cultural production. Ultimately, connections need to be made between these fields to fully encapsulate and support youth realities, as no one field offers an adequate theoretical framework to register contemporary youth activities in the creative industries. To this end, the project suggests a creative ecology model in order to register small-scale youth cultural production and the relationships between youth, employment, and sustainable community development.Ce mémoire examine l'augmentation de la production culturelle des jeunes et leur participation au sein des industries de la création. Ce projet documente les différentes structures se trouvant sur le parcours des jeunes souhaitant développer leur carrière artistique, qu'elles soient fédérales, provinciales, ou municipales, ainsi que les initiatives des jeunes eux-mêmes, comme par exemple les réseaux d'artistes. Après avoir examiné la politique culturelle fédérale au Canada en comparaison avec la politique culturelle de la Grande-Bretagne et la politique d'éducation provinciale au Québec, j'étudierai les réseaux d'artistes au niveau local, national, et international. Au regard de la recherche existante dans les domaines de l'économie de la création, des études culturelles, de l'éducation médiatique, et des études sur la contre-culture, ce mémoire examine les possibilités ainsi que les limites de ces domaines à cibler la production culturelle des jeunes. Au bout du compte, ces domaines se doivent d'entretenir des liens ténus, car aucun n'offre une base théorique assez complète pour condenser de façon exhaustive les activités des jeunes d'aujourd'hui dans les industries créatives. Ce projet suggère enfin un modèle écologique pour la création, afin d'intégrer la production culturelle des jeunes à petite échelle et les relations entre les jeunes, l'emploi et un développement communautaire durable. fr
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Tumwine, Baguma Deo. "Challenges in implementing a South African curriculum in Eswatini." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78499.
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Since 2010, some private and public high schools in Eswatini1 have begun to offer the South African Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statements (CAPS). Demand for this increased from one school in 2010 to 13 schools in 2018. The study accordingly investigated the challenges inherent in the transferal and implementation of the CAPS Curriculum in secondary schools in Eswatini. Phillips and Ochs (2003) and Dolowitz and Marsh’s (2000) model of policy borrowing were used as a theoretical lens to steer the study. The study adopted a qualitative case study as the research design in terms of which a sample of four schools was conveniently and purposively selected. Document analysis and semi-structured interviews with 33 participants were conducted. The study identified that the curriculum transfer was initiated by parents whose demand for the South African curriculum emanated from a number of factors such as low pass threshold, cheaper access, rejection of Swazi learners by South African public schools, limited professional courses and few universities in Eswatini. The challenges to such transferal and implementation were identified as lack of contextual suitability; lack of training for educators; border immigration requirements; high tuition fees and absence of a memorandum of understanding between the two countries.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Education Management and Policy Studies
PhD
Unrestricted
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Carvallo, Oscar R. "Values in the hidden curriculum : an axiological reproduction /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1375117083.
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Mnqatu, Fiola Wayne. "Educators’ perceptions of foundation phase mathematics Curriculum Assessment Policy Statements (CAPS)." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1358.
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The aim of the study was to investigate the educators’ perceptions of the Foundation Phase Mathematics Curriculum Assessment Policy Statements (CAPS). This was a case study of eight educators in two primary schools based in Cradock in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. There were six main findings. First, all participants displayed a good general knowledge of CAPS. They saw CAPS as different from NCS in that the former is content driven as opposed to outcomes driven in the latter. Second, all participants were happy that CAPS specifies what is to be taught grade by grade as opposed to NCS which specified outcomes and required educators to construct the content. Third, a feature which participants liked was the weighting of different components of the subjects taught. This was seen as an important guideline that indicates how much time should be spent on each component. Fourth, participants understood that CAPS is not a new curriculum; it is an amendment of the NCS. As such educators used the same teaching strategies and methods. Fifth, participants had reservations about the CAPS assessment guidelines as they were the same as those of the NCS and felt that the guidelines which require educators to discuss assessment criteria with children were not suitable for children in Foundation Phase. Sixth, participants were happy with the CAPS programme of assessment and workbooks .They felt the programme guides their teaching while the workbooks complement their teaching. It can be concluded that educators, on the whole, held positive perceptions about CAPS. They saw it as explicit about the content that is to be taught, and it has clear guidelines about assessment procedures. For this reason it can be seen as an improvement on the NCS. Given the findings, it can be recommended that further research be carried out on how educators’ understanding of CAPS is translated into practical teaching and learning in the classroom. To improve the delivery of CAPS, the Education Department must devise strategies aimed at educator empowerment activities that will enhance their work performance.
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Mansfield, Janet Elaine. "The arts in the New Zealand curriculum: from policy to practice." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2585.
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In this thesis I portray through a history of music and art education in New Zealand the forms knowledge production took in these subject and the discourses within which they were embedded. This enables a more comprehensive understanding of curriculum and unearths connections with what Lyotard (1984) described as 'grand narrative' used to legitimate knowledge claims and practices at certain historical moments. Through such histories we may chart the progress of European civilization within the local context and provide the historical raison d'être for the present state of affairs in music and arts areas of the New Zealand curriculum. Curriculum and its 'reform' representing in part the distribution of public goods and services, has been embroiled in a market project. I seek to expose the politics of knowledge involved in the construction of the notion of The Arts within a neo-liberal policy environment. This environment has involved the deliberate construction of a 'culture of enterprise and competition' (Peters, 1995: 52) and, in the nurturing of conditions for trans-national capital's freedom of movement, a withdrawal from Keynesian economic and social policy, an assault on the welfare state. The thesis delves beyond the public face of policy-making. It follows and scrutinizes critically the birth of The Arts in the New Zealand Curriculum to the production of the first draft of the proposed policy presented by the Ministry of Education in 1999. I examine it as a site of the 'accumulation of meaning' (Derrida, 1981: 57) through a discussion of the history of meaning of 'art' and 'art' education. There is much of value in the Draft document. In particular, the arts have been invested with a new intellectual weight and the professionalism, passion and dedication of those involved in its writing shines through in each of the subject areas within the arts. However, through a process of analysis, I will show that there has been, in fact, a fashioning of a new container for the isolation of artistic knowledge. This is despite official sentiments mentioning possibilities within the document for flourishing separate Music, Art, Dance, and Drama education that implies increased curriculum space. The Draft Arts (1999) document both disguises and rehashes the 'master narrative' of universal rationality and artistic canons and is unlikely to work towards revitalising or protecting local cultural identities though not through lack of intention. I use Lyotard's notion of 'performativity' to critique notions of 'skills' and their 'development' which are implicitly and explicitly stated within the 'levels' of development articulated in the Draft Arts (1999) document. It is argued that this conflation works to enforce cultural homogeneity. There are clear dangers that the Draft Arts' (1999) conception of 'Arts Literacies' might operate as mere functional literacy in the service of the dominant culture's discourse of power and knowledge-one which celebrates the art-as-commodity ideal. It is argued that the Education Ministry's theoretical and epistemological construction of The Arts as one area of learning is unsound, and in fact represents a tightening of modernism's hierarchical notion of culture. New Zealand, now post-colonial or post-imperialist, both bi-cultural and multi-cultural, is situated on the south-western edge of the Pacific Rim. Culturally, it now includes Pacific Island, Asian, and new immigrants, as well as Maori and people of European descent. This therefore necessitates aesthetic practices which, far from promoting a set of universal principles for the appreciation of art - one canonical rule or 'standard' - recognise and reflect cultural difference. Merely admitting cultural difference is inadequate. By working away critically at the deeply held ethno-centric assumptions of modernism, its selective traditions concerned with 'practices, meanings, gender, "races", classes' (Pollock, 1999: 10), its universalising aesthetics of beauty, formal relations, individuality, authenticity or originality, and self-expression, of 'negativity and alienation, and abstraction' (Huyssens, 1986: 209), it is possible to begin to understand the theoretical task of articulating difference with regard to aesthetics. The development of the arts curriculum in New Zealand is placed within the modernism/postmodernism and modernity/postmodernity debates. These debates have generated a number of questions which are forcing us to re-examine the assumptions of modernism. The need for the culture of modernism to become self-critical of its own determining assumptions in order to come to understand its cultural practices, is becoming an urgent theoretical task, especially in disciplines and fields concerned with the transmission of acquired learning and the production of new knowledge. The culture of modernism is often taken as the historical succession of twentieth century avant-gardes (B. Smith, 1998) yet the culture of modernity, philosophically speaking, strictly begins with René Descartes several hundred years earlier, with a pre-history in the Florentine renaissance and the re-discovery of Graeco-Roman artistic and literary forms going back to the thirteenth century. Aesthetic modernism identifies with consumer capitalism and its major assumptions are rationalist, individualist and focus upon the autonomy of both the 'work of art' and the artist at the expense of the artwork, its reception and audience within its localised cultural context. The ideological features of humanism/liberalism - its privileging of the individual subject, the moral, epistemological and aesthetic privileging of the author/artist - are examined as forces contributing to modernism's major values (or aesthetic). Such approaches, it is argued, were limited for dealing with difference. The security and reproductive nature of modernistic approaches to curriculum in the arts areas are destabilized by thinking within the postmodern turn, and the effects of the changes questioning the basic epistemological and metaphysical assumptions in disciplinary fields including art/literature, artchitecture, philosophy and political theory, are registered here, within the field of the education in and through the arts. In a seminal description or report on knowledge, Jean-François Lyotard defines postmodernism as 'incredulity towards metanarratives' (1984: xxiv). Postmodernism, he argues, is 'undoubtedly part of the modern', 'not modernism at its end but in its nascent state and that state is constant (1984: 79). After Lyotard, postmodernism might be seen, therefore, not just as a mode or manner or attitude towards the past, but also as a materializing discourse comprising a dynamic reassessment and re-examination of modernism and modernity's culture. The thinking subject (the cogito) seen as the fount of all knowledge, its autonomy, and transparency, its consideration as the centre of artistic and aesthetic virtuosity and moral action, is subjected to intellectual scrutiny and suspicion. The need for an aesthetics of difference is contextualised through an examination of western hierarchies of art and the aesthetics of marginalized groups. I use the theories of poststructuralist, Jacques Derrida and Jean-François Lyotard, to examine the concept of difference. These theoretical inspirations are used as methodological tools for offsetting the privileging of the liberal individual and individualism. Rather than the mere consideration of difference in curricula, I seek to insert and establish the principle of an aesthetics of difference into relations of pedagogy and curricula. The implications for professional practice resulting from a recognition of a politics of representation are examined and a politics of difference. I argue that art education in all its manifestations can no longer avoid the deeper implications of involvement with representation, including forms of gender, ethnicity and class representation as well as colonial representation. The Western canon's notion of 'artists' and their 'art', often based upon white bourgeois male representations and used in many primary school classrooms, are part and parcel of 'social and political investments in canonicity', a powerful 'element in the hegemony of dominant social groups and interests' (Pollock, 1999: 9). Difference is not appreciated in this context. School art, music, and drama classrooms can become sites for the postmodern questioning of representation of 'the other'. In this context, an aesthetics of difference insists upon too, the questioning of images supporting hegemonic discourses, images which have filled the spaces in the 'chinks and cracks of the power/knowledge-apparati' (Teresa de Lauretis, 1987 cited in Pollock, 1999: 7-8). What would an 'eccentric rereading', a rediscovery of what the canon's vicarly cloak disguises and reveals, mean for music, and for the individual arts areas of the curriculum? I hope to reveal the entanglements of the cultural dynamics of power through an examination of the traditions of Truth and Beauty in imagery which are to be disrupted by inserting into the canon the principle of the aesthetics of difference. Art education as a politics of representation embraces art's constitutive role in ideology. This is to be exposed as we seek to unravel and acknowledge which kinds of knowledges are legitimised and privileged by which kinds of representations. Which kinds of narratives, historical or otherwise, have resulted in which kinds of depictions through image? A recognition of the increasing specification of the subject demands also the careful investigation of colonial representation, the construction of dubious narratives about our history created through visual imaging and its provision of complex historical references. How have art, music, dance, drama been used in the service of particular political and economic narratives? Through revisioning the curriculum from a postmodern perspective, suggestions are made for an alternative pedagogy, which offsets the ideological features of humanism/liberalism, one in which an aesthetics of difference might pervade cultural practices - 'systems of signification', 'practices of representation' (Rizvi, 1994). I draw upon Lyotard's notion of 'small narratives' (1984), and present an investigation of what the democratic manifestation of 'the differend', and multiple meaning systems, might indicate in terms of 'differencing' music education as a site in which heterogenous value systems and expression may find form.Whole document restricted, but available by request, use the feedback form to request access.
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Shujah, Aamer. "Multicultural science education, an analysis of curriculum and policy in Ontario." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0007/MQ45969.pdf.
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Yau, Wai-ki Vickie, and 丘惠琪. "A passage to global citizenship : considerations for policy and curriculum design." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206754.
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The purpose of this research is to understand the journey of developing “global citizenship” among undergraduates at The University of Hong Kong (the “University”) as influenced by internationalization and globalization. The reality of the global village where modern communications and travel networks have overcome geography to enable people with different cultures, values, and ways of life to share resources and virtual spaces needs to be recognized and addressed. Globalization is a double-edged sword, creating new possibilities as it transforms the fabrics of societies even as it destabilizes common social understandings and practices in ways that impede the advancement and betterment of humanity. Struggling with these possibilities and uncertainties, universities face the challenge of developing “global citizens” capable of bringing positive change and increasing social capital across different levels of society in addition to their traditional academic role. Students are now routinely steered towards “global” experiences such as study abroad, travel, service learning, and participation in the global community locally and internationally. These experiences can facilitate the development of global citizenship helping students become culturally sensitive, interculturally competent, and socially conscious; thus understanding the needs of humanity from different value orientations and perspectives.
The University has interpreted and embodied the meaning of “global citizenship” as qualities and abilities that serve and improve humanity, and has attempted to develop students who are interculturally competent in the knowledge, skills and behaviour that contribute positively to societal needs. These interpretations are embedded in policy strategies and implementations, curriculum design and pedagogy, and are supported by activities that contribute to learning and making sense of “global citizenship” among students. Narrative inquiry solicits students’ experiences in “global” endeavours and elucidates the way they understand, embody and perform “global citizenship” as a process of becoming “global citizens.” The stories and their subtexts reveal current culture(s) and “identit(ies)” that are complex systems of social, political and personal nature. Four typologies of students emerged from these findings and analyses – the Achievers, Learners, Explorers, and Builders, which reveal the dispositions and characteristics of students’ attitudes, perspectives, affinities and behaviours in relation to “global citizenship.” As globalization challenges our understanding of our identities that are essentially concerned with who we are as individuals and as social beings, this research challenges the traditional understandings of “citizenship” and suggests that its cultural interpretations and enactments are performed individually and co-created socially. This thesis demonstrates the critical importance of mentorship and purposeful design of experience to most effectively enrich the sel(ves) and to facilitate the likelihood of students becoming integrated beings exemplifying global citizenship, amidst the complexities and controversies surrounding globalization.published_or_final_version
Education
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Poulson, Louise. "Education policy, curriculum and pedagogy in English and literacy, 1991-2005." Thesis, University of Bath, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438612.
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Van, Wyhe Glenn Arthur. "The accounting curriculum in higher education : a study in educational policy /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7644.
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Gonzalez, Jennifer Dawn. "Advanced Placement English and the College Curriculum: Evaluating and Contextualizing Policy." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/215.
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This thesis examines the context in which Advanced Placement (AP) English policies are made, examining the political and economic realities that impact policy decisions as well as the discipline-based critiques of the AP English program which have led many writing program administrators (WPAs) and faculty to question existing credit and placement policies. Recent efforts to dramatically expand the AP program have left many questioning whether the AP English experience actually fulfills the promises suggested by the program. After reviewing current literature relating to AP English, this thesis examines the findings of an empirical study conducted at BYU. The study evaluates the outcomes of AP English based on student writing in an actual college setting, focusing on the predictive validity of AP exam scores. Conclusions are drawn from the findings of the study and the review of literature. Recommendations are made for evaluating and designing AP policies that respond sensitively and fairly to all the stakeholders while encouraging WPAs and interested faculty to actively define the role of AP English within the college curriculum.
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Logan, Erica. "Children and healthy eating: A global, policy and school curriculum perspective." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2005. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1569.
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Healthy eating is a topic most people would consider they have an understanding of, yet it is an area which is not often addressed from a critical perspective. Healthy eating is freely discussed in society. It is a dominant discourse used commercially and frequently appears in educational 'texts', however the discourses surrounding healthy eating for children are not well analysed and are most often controlled by the media and often not challenged. A critical perspective to children's eating is adopted for this portfolio and multiple perspectives bought to bare regarding the globalisation of food cultures, and governance and policy influences on healthy eating for children. Healthy eating for children is presented and problematised as a concept while family changes in eating patterns and curriculum influences are interpreted and challenged through the development of a case study investigation of an educational intervention. Findings of the intervention indicate that families are struggling with the notion of healthy eating through a range of parental pressures whereas and any additional assistance regarding healthy eating for children is well received by parents and accepted by children.
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Ho, Yam Leung. "Target oriented curriculum : an analysis of the making of education policy in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1971063X.
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Jammeh, Burama L. J. "Curriculum policy making : a study of teachers' and policy-makers' perspectives on The Gambian Basic Education Programme." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2880/.
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This thesis aims at a critical understanding of how the curriculum policy making process is perceived by teachers and policy-makers in The Gambia, a former British colony. The complexity of curriculum policy issues requires this study to draw on multiple theoretical underpinnings in order to gain insight into curriculum policy relating to Basic Education in The Gambia. Therefore, curriculum theories and education policy literature including the issues of globalisation and national policy are engaged to frame the data collection, analysis and findings. Data obtained from semi structured interviews are used to analyse the perceptions. The thesis examines critically the historical and contemporary approaches to curriculum policy making, identifies the key policy players and analyses their significance in the construction of the national curriculum policy. The thesis further investigates experiences and views about the policy in practice and recommends a new approach to the curriculum policy making. Two levels of the curriculum policy making process are found to be influential in The Gambia: the international (global) and the national and local levels. While the global influences are profound on the strategic education policy, the national and local effects are stronger than the global impact on the operational policy (curriculum plans). The thesis argues that policy is not simply received and implemented as given. Although incidences of compliance are noted, curriculum policy guidelines developed by the Ministry of Education are continually interpreted, sometimes misunderstood and/or resisted by the teachers. Gaps between policy and the implementation are found, resulting from the resource constraints and the practitionersâ influences and impacts. A curriculum policy reform is recommended, recognising the centrality of teachers in the curriculum process, promoting the empowerment of the teachers and building their capacity to engage in informed policy mediation and to enable them to put their own policy into practice.
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Griffiths, Joanne. "Curriculum contestation : analysis of contemporary curriculum policy and practices in government and non-government education sectors in Western Australia." University of Western Australia. Graduate School of Education, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0178.
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[Truncated abstract] The aim of this study was to analyse the changing dynamics within and between government and non-government education sectors in relation to the Curriculum Framework (CF) policy in Western Australia (WA) from 1995 to 2004. The Curriculum Council was established by an act of State Parliament in 1997 to oversee the development and enactment of the CF, which was released in 1998. A stated aim of the CF policy was to unify the education sectors through a shared curriculum. The WA State government mandated that all schools, both government and non-government, demonstrate compliance by 2004. This was the first time that curriculum was mandated for non-government schools, therefore the dynamics within and between the education sectors were in an accelerated state of transformation in the period of study. The timeframe for the research represented the period from policy inception (1995) to the deadline for policy enactment for Kindergarten to Year 10 (2004). However, given the continually evolving and increasingly politicised nature of curriculum policy processes in WA, this thesis also provides an extended analysis of policy changes to the time of thesis submission in 2007 when the abolition of the Curriculum Council was formally announced - a decade after it was established. ... The research reported in this thesis draws on both critical theory and post-structuralist approaches to policy analysis within a broader framework of policy network theory. Policy network theory is used to bring the macro focus of critical theory and the micro focus of post-structuralism together in order to highlight power issues at all levels of the policy trajectory. Power dynamics within a policy network are fluid and multidimensional, and power struggles are characteristic at all levels. This study revealed significant power differentials between government and non-government education sectors caused by structural and cultural differences. Differences in autonomy between the education sectors meant that those policy actors within the non-government sector were more empowered to navigate the competing and conflicting forms of accountabilities that emerged from the changes to WA curriculum policy. Despite both generalised discourses of blurring public/private boundaries within the context of neoliberal globalisation and specific CF goals of bringing the sectors together, the boundaries continue to exist. Further, there is much strategising about how to remain distinct within the context of increased market choice. This study makes a unique and significant contribution to the understanding of policy processes surrounding the development and enactment of the CF in WA and the implications for the changing dynamics within and between the education sectors. Emergent themes and findings may potentially be used as a basis for contrast and comparison in other contexts. The research contributes to policy theory by arguing for closer attention to be paid to power dynamics between localised agency in particular policy spaces and the state-imposed constraints.
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Harland, Janet. "From policy to practice : a study of power in relation to the implementation of curriculum policy, with particular reference to the use of contract." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1993. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10018935/.
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This thesis explores the powers exercised by government as it attempts to transform educational policy into practice. It originates from an interest in the TVEI programme, administered for the government by the Manpower Services Commission during the 1980s. The engine for this rapid modification of existing practice in both school and college appeared to relate to the device of funding on the basis of contract. This observation led to an attempt to analyze the range of powers available to central government and others. This required both a historical and a comparative analysis, together with a concern for the way in which human behaviour is shaped by specific power relationships. Chapter 1 sets out the origins of the study and establishes a model of the "bases of power". Thereafter, Chapters 2 and 3 consider the extent to which government has held or extended its grip on these different types of power during this century. Chapter 2 deals separately with 1918 to 1939, and 1944 to 1974. After reviewing the model in the light of those accounts, Chapter 3 examines the period from 1974 to the Education Reform Act of 1988. Having established the increasing significance of "remunerative" power based on categorical or contractual funding, Chapter 4 argues that such strategies contain certain key elements : namely, criteria, bid, contract, monitoring, evaluation and replication. Using this analytical tool, Chapters 5, 6 and 7 examine three illustrative cases, starting with the TVEI programme from which the enquiry originated. Chapter 6 examines the impact of a similar funding strategy within the reorganisation of INSET, while Chapter 7 draws on a detailed research study of similar initiatives within higher education. In Chapter 8 an attempt is made to draw together the argument, to relate it to the ever expanding use of contract across the range of social policy and, finally, to consider the implications of this undeniably efficient mode of policy implementation for an avowedly democratic society.
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Breathnach, Padraig N. "Centralised curriculum planning in Ireland : the introduction of the Junior Certificate." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388077.
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McPhee, Alastair D. "Policy, curriculum and the teaching of English language in the primary school." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/931/.
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This thesis sets out to examine the ways in which changes in political thinking affect policy in respect of the teaching of English language in the primary school. In particular, there is examination of the impact of liberal/progressive and New Right thinking in this area. It also examines how and to what extent these views appear in curricular documentation at national level in both Scotland and in England and Wales. In order to accomplish these tasks, the study is dependent on data and methods of investigation from a number of different disciplines. Firstly, there is the consideration of the historical dimension, in which there is examination of the ways in which curricular policy in primary English language (within the context of broader issues affecting primary education in general) has evolved in the two macrosystems under discussion. Secondly, there is investigation of the linguistic dimension - the ways in which changes and developments in language theory have permeated - or perhaps just as revealingly - have not permeated national guidelines. Thirdly, the ideologies and philosophies which have proven to be powerful drivers in the formulation of policy with respect to this field are examined. Lastly, there is the empirical dimension, in which key players in the formulation of the 5-14 national guidelines in English language in Scotland are interviewed, using an open ended interview format. (DXN 006, 358).
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Ndabaga, Eugene. "The dynamics of mother tongue policy in the Rwandan primary school curriculum." Thesis, University of Bath, 2004. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397785.
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Perez, Cassiana de Souza. "O novo currículo de Ciências Físicas e Biológicas do Estado de São Paulo (2008-2010): com a palavra os professores do ensino fundamental de ciclo II da Diretoria Regional de Ensino Centro-Oeste." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9621.
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Previous issue date: 2011-10-19In 2008 the São Paulo State Department of Education (SEESP) implemented a curriculum proposal that in 2009 became the Official State Curriculum. Such a proposal was justified by the argument that the Law of Guidelines and Bases of Education (LDB) has given autonomy to schools and brought a decentralization which did not work along the years. With the National Curriculum Parameters (PCNs) a new proposal is directed towards the teaching of Natural Sciences considering the cognitive development, own experiences, age, cultural and social identities and the different meanings and values that Science can has for the students, aiming a significant learning. However the State of São Paulo did not develop clear strategies for the educators in order to deal with this new way of teaching. Such autonomy acquired by schools seemed more like a laissez-faire curriculum without discussions for a differentiated learning. So the new SEESP curricular proposal arises, sleeps with the laissez-faire curriculum and wakes up with the prescribed curriculum that must be adopted by all schools without considering the educator's heterogeneity. This research has the goal to listen to the teachers of discipline Physical and Biological Sciences from the São Paulo State Official Education in order to have answers to the following question: how teachers received, understood and are carrying out the curriculum proposed by the SEESP? We aimed to develop a qualitative research with results obtained from the dialogs with the teachers as well as the bibliographic research. We hope, with this study, bring the school, as a wholly, to a reflection process of and not for the school in a sense to contribute for the reflection of the praxis in the current curriculum context
No ano de 2008, a Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo (SEESP) implantou uma proposta curricular que, em 2009, passou a ser Currículo Oficial do Estado, o que é justificado devido à Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação (LDB) ter dado autonomia às escolas e trazido uma descentralização que não funcionou ao longo dos anos. Com os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCNs), uma nova proposta é direcionada no ensino de Ciências Naturais, considerando o desenvolvimento cognitivo, as experiências, a idade, as identidades cultural e social e os diferentes significados e valores que as Ciências podem ter para os educandos, objetivando uma aprendizagem significativa. Contudo, o Estado de São Paulo não desenvolveu estratégias definidas para que os educadores encarassem esse novo perfil de ensino, sendo que a autonomia adquirida pelas escolas parecia mais um laissez-faire curricular, sem discussões para uma aprendizagem diferenciada. Assim, surge a Nova Proposta Curricular da SEESP, de modo que se dorme com o laissez-faire curricular e se acorda com o currículo prescrito, sem considerar a heterogeneidade dos educandos, o qual deve ser seguido por todas as escolas da rede oficial. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo ouvir professores da rede oficial de ensino do Estado de São Paulo, da disciplina de Ciências Físicas e Biológicas, no intuito de obter resposta para o seguinte questionamento: como os professores receberam, compreenderam e estão realizando o currículo proposto pela SEESP? Pretendeu-se desenvolver uma pesquisa qualitativa, contendo os resultados dos diálogos com os professores, bem como da pesquisa bibliográfica. Espera-se, com este estudo, levar a escola, como um todo, a um processo reflexivo da e não para a escola, no sentido de contribuir para reflexões da práxis dentro do atual contexto curricular
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Enever, Janet. "The politics of non-decision making in language policy in Hungary." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391163.
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Bloch, Marietta. "A qualitative study examining Ontario science curriculum policy from 1985 to 2008 : global influences, local political arenas and curriculum reform." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2014. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/a-qualitative-study-examining-ontario-science-curriculum-policy-from-1985-to-2008-global-influences-local-political-arenas-and-curriculum-reform(bd51e5be-5314-4e66-a734-935d1ced3297).html.
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This qualitative study examines science curriculum policy making in Ontario, Canada over four different governments between 1985 and 2008. Each government released new curricula for school science. The purpose of this study was to explore influences that shaped the origins, processes and content of these government-mandated curricula. Since 1985, Ontario’s education reforms encompassed neoliberal trends for standards and accountability measures thereby transforming its education system into an auditable commodity. A policy cycle approach, adapted from Bowe, Ball and Gold (1992), and Vidovich’s (2003, 2001) modifications for macro, meso and micro levels of analysis, provided an analytical framework for this study. A trajectory approach was used to analyse science curriculum policy-making both within a government and to identify patterns, trends and actors across all governments. Document analysis, interviews and focus groups were chosen methods to understand the meaning of events, situations and actions of key actors and texts and to understand the contexts within which science curriculum policy was initiated and developed. Findings indicate that an interplay of global trends and local political arenas have influenced Ontario’s science curricula. Governments responded to the decrease of public confidence in education and the increasing demand for standards and accountability measures by reforming education and its curricula. The science curriculum policy documents reflected these reforms as over time they became more specific and were written as standards; however, the content is reflective of Cuban’s (1992, p.223) notion of the ‘historical curriculum’ in that each curriculum continued to exert influence on successive curricula thereby highlighting a tendency to continue with the traditional.
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Xie, Shaohua. "Links between devolution and changes in curriculum policy : a case study of year 8-10 social studies curriculum in Western Australia since 1987." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1998. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/975.
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This study investigates the links between devolution and Year 8-10 Society and Environment (SAE) curriculum policy in Western Australia (WA) since 1987. It explores whether changes to the structure within which SAE resides, the process through which curriculum decision making occurs, and the content of SAE are consistent with the principles and practice of devolution. An attempt is made in the study to determine whether these changes would have occurred anyway, even if devolution had not been introduced. The investigation is based on a radical humanist model of social inquiry, As such, it uses a critical theory conceptual framework to inform a qualitative research paradigm. Two sources provide qualitative data for the study, namely, interviews and documentary material. The interview material comes from discussions with twenty six senior education officers, school staff, academics and other stakeholders. The documentary material includes key system-wide policy documents, Year 8-10 curriculum frameworks, guidelines and syllabi, and relevant school level publications. Generally, the analysis of data gained from those two sources support the claims made by critical theorists about the impact of devolution upon curriculum policy. More specifically, the findings show that in WA, since 1987, state curriculum development has contributed to a reinforcement of social control, a widening of social inequality and an intensification of the school's role as an agent of narrowly defined economic interests. These links are shown to be consistent with the critical theory argument that devolution is underpinned by corporate managerialism and that it involves not only a decentralisation of responsibility but also a recentralization of power. The study concludes by suggesting that the implications of WA's experience of devolution for China depend largely on whether China's context and needs are examined in terms of a consensus model or a critical theory model of society.
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Moran, Renee Rice. "The Impacts of Policy Implementation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3595.
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Hoey, Rosemarie A. "Curriculum policy for the public elementary and secondary schools in Ontario 1945--1965." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/21391.
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Green, Pat. "Volunteering in the higher education curriculum : the politics of policy, practice and participation." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/621731.
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This study explores the extent to which government policies for higher education impact upon the ways in which higher education institutions (HEIs) implement these and the students themselves experience their studies. The focus is accredited volunteering in higher education. A case study approach has been undertaken to scrutinise the impact of policy directives on several stakeholders within one post-1992 HEI, the University of Wrottesley (a pseudonym). The methodological approach is qualitative. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with senior university staff and Students Union personnel, and a detailed on-line survey was conducted with three cohorts of students undertaking the Volunteering in the Curriculum (ViC) programme. What emerges is the extent to which the dominant discourse of 'employability' is foregrounded in government policy directives, and the pressures thus placed on the university management of Wrottesley to respond effectively to first destination scores (DHLE). 'Employability' in this sense is understood as a graduate student obtaining employment, rather than a broader sense of good learning which embraces both learning (cognitive, theoretical and practical) and employability (Knight & Yorke, 2004). The findings expose the ways in which volunteering has been drawn into the dominant discourse of 'employability', yet what emerges from the student survey of their participation in the ViC programme is a broader, more nuanced learning experience which draws on both experiential and theoretical learning that encompasses academic studies, personal development, social action and graduate employment. The evidence validates the theoretical and pedagogic practice of ViC whereby students experience holistic learning. Universities such as Wrottesley are missing an opportunity in not embracing wider objectives of initiatives such as ViC which enable enhancement of graduate employability and also learning gain with the development of well rounded critical citizens and institutional permeability between community and the academy.
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Manuel, Reyanah. "Possibilities for democratic citizenship in the natural science curriculum and assessment policy statement." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1956.
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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: education in the Faculty of Education at the Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyThe purpose of this study is to analyse the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement CAPS) document within the subject Natural Sciences (NS) (senior phase including Grades 7 to 9) and to explore whether the implementation of this document can possibly engender democratic citizenship within the classroom. An analysis of the sub-headings used within the NS CAPS document will be undertaken. These are the process, skills and specific aims. A brief study of the education policies, namely the Outcomes Based Education (OBE), the Revised National Curriculum Statement (RNCS) for Grades R-9 and the National Curriculum Statement (NCS) Grades 10-12 will be undertaken. The purpose of this analysis is to present an argument behind the implementation of the CAPS document as part of the National Curriculum Statement. As the research is document-based a qualitative research methodology will be implemented in which document analysis will serve as the research methodology. This method will implement critical discourse analysis as the lens used to analyse the data gathered. The NS policy document will be reviewed to explore whether the aims, skills and processes have the capacity to provide learners with opportunities to think critically and to engender democratic citizenship.
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Tshidaho, Manyage. "Curriculum assessment policy statement support programme for Vhembe rural- based primary schools educators." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1665.
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A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Education in fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor Of Education in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies at the University of Zululand, 2018The Curriculum Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) was adopted based on the principles of the Revised National Curriculum Statement (RNCS) to improve the quality of education in both rural and urban areas since the change-over from apartheid education in 1994. The new curriculum was also introduced in order to shift from content to outcomes-based education which experienced marked implementation challenges. The main aim of this study was to investigate challenges facing educators in schools in the rural areas in the implementation of CAPS and develop a support programme for them to promote the quality of teaching and learning in these rural schools. This quantitative study used simple random sampling using a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from five hundred rural based educators. The instrument was shaped and enriched by consulting a wide range of literature on the subject to ensure its validity. Quantitative data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science 18 (SPSS 18) and Chi- square statistics. Results established challenges that educators are facing through lack of support programmes in the process of implementing CAPS in rural schools. It was also revealed that the majority of rural educators are not effective in implementing CAPS as they are not given support programmes. The findings of this study should assist in developing a support programme for rural based educators towards implementing the Curriculum Assessment Policy Statement in a manner that it would promote quality teaching and learning. The study concludes that rural educators need to be supported for the implementation of Curriculum Assessment Policy Statement. The study recommends the implementation of the support programme to rural educators for the effective implementation of CAPS. Further research into the development of support programme in South African rural educators should be undertaken.
National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant Number: CPT160513164973 and 105246).
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Alazzaz, Hamad Abdullah. "The Saudi Teacher Experience with a Constructivist Curriculum Reform." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1554981606200889.
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Bradley, Willie Howard. "Effect of the Criminal Justice Curriculum on the Attitudes of 12th-Grade Students Toward the Police." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2638.
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While the use of criminal justice courses and law-related education programs have been shown to serve as a crime prevention and deterrence mechanism against school crime and violence, and help students to gain positive experiences and attitudes toward law enforcement, many high schools still do not offer criminal justice courses. The purpose of this quasiexperimental study was to compare the attitudes of 12th-grade students from a school district in Massachusetts who took a criminal justice course to 12th-grade students from another school district in Massachusetts who did not to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between the groups. Reisig and Park's experience with police model guided this study. Data were collected using Hurst's survey with a purposive sample of 60 12th-grade students who were 18 years of age or older and 8 students who were below the age of 18 from two school districts in Massachusetts. Data were analyzed using two sample t test and one-way analysis of variance. Results indicated that there was no significant difference (p > .05) in 12th-grade students' attitudes toward the police between students who have taken a criminal justice course and students who have not, and no significant difference (p > .05) between male and female 12th-grade students' attitudes toward the police. A criminal justice course did not have an effect on student's attitudes toward the police, but other law-related education programs or students' contact with the police should be further investigated. The implications for positive social change are directed toward school district leaders to continue to look for ways to improve juveniles' attitudes toward police, but a course in the middle and high school curricula may not be the best way to spend those limited resources.
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Earnest, Jaya. "Science education reform in a post-colonial developing country in the aftermath of a crisis : the case of Rwanda." Thesis, Curtin University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2608.
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The research reported in this thesis is an in-depth study of science education reform in a transitional society. The society in transition is Rwanda - one of the world's poorest countries - a tiny central African nation adversely affected by major social, political, economic, and ethnic upheaval. Rwanda is faced with the challenge of ensuring rehabilitation after the genocide of 1994 and has adopted the following national goals: implementation of a durable educational policy, eradication of illiteracy, national capacity building in science and technology and reinforcing the teaching of mathematics and sciences.The objective of this research is to describe, discuss and analyse information on the status of science education in Rwanda, from the perspective of primary and secondary science teachers, students, education personnel and my personal in-field observations and analysis. This research analyses the constraints in the implementation of educational policies and a relevant science education in a climate of social, political, cultural, ethnic and economic uncertainty.The research used a case study methodology and utilised quantitative and qualitative methods to examine how teachers' and students' knowledge, perceptions and experiences impact on the school learning environment. The study made use of a questionnaire that was administered to teachers and students in Rwanda. English and French versions of a modified School Level Environment Questionnaire (SLEQ) and a modified Teacher Beliefs Instrument (STEBI) were administered to teachers. Two scales derived from the Test of Science Related Attitudes (TOSRA) were adapted for use in Rwandan classes.The qualitative component of the research made use of interviews, classroom observations, personal reflexivity, historical and curriculum document analysis and vignettes.To enable an interpretation of the quantitative data from questionnaires in a meaningful manner, the socio-cultural, gender and ethnic perspectives of policy makers, teachers and students were examined through interviews and classroom observations of science lessons. My personal experiences and reflections also were used to understand science education reform in Rwanda.The qualitative and quantitative findings of the research identified factors that influence the science education reform process and make meaningful interpretations of background, culture and the situation in Rwanda. Document analysis indicated that there is a need for greater access to secondary education. Interviews and science lesson observations indicated that it is necessary to develop a curriculum that is contextually relevant and to redefine science teacher training programmes. The findings of the research identified the constraints, dilemmas and tensions in the implementation of the educational reform process as young and inexperienced teachers, most of whom do not have university degrees and have difficulties in implementing the curriculum effectively. Further constraints included work pressures due to the examination system, an acute, as well as a lack of material resources and finances required to reconstruct and improve educational institutions.The research investigates the impact of the transition on science education in Rwanda. The research designed to examine the science education reform process in the transitional Rwandan society and economy studied the complex cultural, historical and educational factors that influence science education.Using multiple research methods, this study is an analysis of my understanding of the changes that have taken place in science education, the impediments to these changes and the identification of aspects that may enhance the prospect for future science education reform, especially in the areas of the science curriculum reform, assessment procedures and teacher professional development.
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Garcia, Shadiin. "Infusing Tribal Curriculum into K-12 Schools: A Case Study of Oregon’s Native American Educational Policies." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22788.
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Not having accurate contemporary, historical and place-based curriculum drafted in consultation with tribes is a huge disservice and a violation of the trust agreements the United States government entered into with its sovereign nations. Through a single state case study, this research explores how a tribally written curriculum attempts to address this violation by examining the state context of the Native American education landscape and state policy. This research utilizes the theoretical frameworks of Red Pedagogy, Tribal Critical Theory and Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy to explore the intentions of the tribal curriculum writers and the professional development provider of the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde Tribal History curriculum unit; Oregon’s American Indian/Alaska Native Education State Plan, and the legislative policy of Senate Bill 13. The study concluded with the following implications for policy, theory, and practice: Indigenous curricular endeavors that center indigenous values, incorporate local context are important, and acknowledge the role of colonialism and are just part of the larger systemic response of decolonization; Implementation challenges are rooted in a colonized paradigm and expanding reform to the educator preparation and policy realm is critical so that all educators (Native and non-Native benefit); Addressing power and hegemonic structures in contexts outside of education (with the local indigenous communities) create a larger and necessary accountability scope; Indigenous knowledge is nuanced, varied, and evolving and thus, needs robust professional development that incorporates best and promising practices in concert with local indigenous communities for both inservice and preservice fields; And without policy and state incentives, the implementation challenges will continue.10000-01-01
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Hutchings, Gregory C. Jr. "Effective teaching practices and teacher efficacy beliefs of International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme teachers." W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618531.
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This study compared the teaching practices and efficacy beliefs of traditional middle school teachers and International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme (IBMYP) teachers in an urban school district using the framework of Stronge's Model of Effective Teaching (2007), Stronge and Tucker's (2003) Teacher Effectiveness Behavior Scale, and Tschannen-Moran & Hoy's (2001) Teacher's Sense of Efficacy Scale. Recommended practices for effective teaching were extracted from the following four categories of Stronge's (2007) Model of Teacher Effectiveness: classroom management and organization, implementing instruction, monitoring student progress, and construct of teacher's sense of efficacy.;A stratified random sample of teachers was selected from four middle schools in a large urban district. There were approximately 10 teachers selected from each school which gave a total of 40 teachers who participated in the study. There were 20 (n=20) IBMYP teachers and 20 (n=20) traditional middle school teachers who agreed to participate. A total of 18 IBMYP and 16 traditional teachers completed the online TSES questionnaire.;There was a significant difference (p<.05) in instructional differentiation, assessment for understanding, classroom management and encouragement of responsibility for International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme teachers compared to traditional middle school teachers. However, there was not a significant difference (p<.05) in efficacy for student engagement, efficacy for instructional practices, efficacy for classroom management, instructional focus on learning, instructional clarity, instructional complexity, expectations for student learning, use of technology, quality of verbal feedback to students, classroom organization, caring, fairness and respect, and enthusiasm for International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme teachers compared to traditional middle school teachers.
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Psifidou, Irene. "International Trends and Implementation Challenges of Secondary Education Curriculum Policy: The Case of Bulgaria." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4927.
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Este estudio se circunscribe en el área de Pedagogía Comparada. Se trata de un estudio comparado de reformas curriculares de educación secundaria entre los países occidentales y Bulgaria. Como reza el titulo, la primera parte del estudio ofrece una panorámica de tendencias globales en materia de políticas curriculares de secundaria que se están produciendo en todo el mundo. Se presenta la situación general de revisión, reorganización y reestructuración de los contenidos de las enseñanzas secundarias ilustrando ejemplos de países más representativos.
La segunda parte de la investigación se enfoca en el caso particular de Bulgaria. En concreto, se analiza el proceso de la reforma curricular en este país poscomunista fijándose en las tres áreas siguientes:
1. Los contenidos de enseñanza y su organización. Se presume que una reforma curricular cambiará por un lado los contenidos de enseñanza (incrementando su relevancia, incluyendo nuevos elementos, eliminando tópicos arcaicos, etc.) y por otro lado, revisará la organización de los contenidos (creando amplias áreas curriculares, mejorando la interconexión entre asignaturas individuales, etc.), así como el tiempo específico asignado a cada materia del currículo.
2. Las competencias que necesita el profesorado para poder aplicar el nuevo currículo. Se supone que los maestros deberán adquirir competencias de enseñanza apropiadas y conocimientos específicos de su materia de especialización para poder trabajar con éxito los nuevos contenidos con sus estudiantes. Las nuevas competencias necesarias nos permitieron ver hasta qué punto se hizo un cambio esencial en el contenido educativo y su práctica de enseñanza. Esto a su vez, nos permitió estimar los efectos de la reforma curricular sobre el proceso educativo global en el país.
3. La opinión y el comportamiento de los diferentes estamentos y actores involucrados en el proceso educativo. Los diferentes estamentos y la sociedad civil siempre manifiestan una determinada posición respecto de la reforma curricular, la cual nos ha permitido establecer el grado de su satisfacción con los cambios implícitos de la reforma, su implicación y compromiso con la implantación de la reforma y, en definitiva, el éxito potencial de dicha reforma.
El análisis de estas tres áreas servio para obtener conclusiones sobre las siguientes preguntas de investigación:
1. Si la reforma se estaba efectivamente llevando a cabo y en qué medida.
2. Si esta reforma responde a las expectativas y necesidades de la sociedad Búlgara y muy especialmente de los actores concernidos.
3. Si la reforma curricular en Bulgaria llevará a un mayor grado de convergencia con los sistemas educativos de los países de la OCDE.
4. Si la reforma educativa no sólo incide en la adquisición de saberes o competencias, sino en la formación ética y ciudadana de los estudiantes.
5. Si existen obstáculos y problemas en el proceso de implantación de la reforma que podrían incluso condicionar de modo negativo el planteamiento de futuras reformas en el sector.
Para la recogida de datos acerca las áreas arriba mencionadas hemos realizado 96 entrevistas en Sofía entre 2003 y 2007 y hemos distribuido 201 cuestionarios por toda Bulgaria. Nuestra selección de informantes se hizo en función de tres grandes categorías:
- la sociedad civil incluyendo representantes de organizaciones no gubernamentales, asociaciones de padres y estudiantes de escuelas secundarias y de la Universidad;
- los educadores incluyendo los maestros de escuelas secundarias, los profesores universitarios y los formadores de maestros;
- los administradores y gestores incluyendo los responsables de la política educativa, los directores de las escuelas secundarias, los inspectores, y los dirigentes de las centrales sindicales de profesorado.
Las conclusiones de la investigación llevada a cabo, pueden ser de utilidad tanto para aportar información sobre el actual proceso de reformas de Bulgaria, como para orientar otros futuros procesos que se puedan dar en el resto de los países Balcánicos en transición y del Este de Europa.
Palabras clave: Política de curriculum, Bulgaria, Educación secundaria
The present study belongs in the areas of Comparative Pedagogy. It is a comparative study of secondary education curriculum reforms between the occidental countries and Bulgaria.
As the title suggests, the first part of the study offers a panorama of global trends of secondary curriculum reforms. It presents common trends on renewing, reorganizing and restructuring secondary education content, illustrating examples of representative countries.
The second part of the study focuses on the case of Bulgaria. In concrete, it analyzes the process of curriculum reform in this post-communism country, focusing on the three following areas:
1. The educational content and its organization. It is expected that a foreseen curriculum reform will change on the one hand, the content delivered to students (by increasing its relevance, including new elements, eliminating outdated topics, etc.) and on the other, will alternate the organization of the content (by creating broader curriculum areas, improving the linkage among individual subjects), as well as the specific time allocated to each curriculum subject.
2. The competences required for the teachers to apply the new curriculum. It is expected that teachers will need to posses adequate teaching competences and specific subject knowledge to be able to work successfully with their students the new educational content. The emerging specific competences required allowed us to see up to what extend there has been an essential change in the educational content and its teaching/learning practice. This in its turn permitted us to evaluate the effects of the curriculum reform on the global educational process in the country.
3. The attitude and the opinion of the different stakeholders and actors involved in the educational process. The different stakeholders and the civil society take a certain position on the curriculum reform, which allowed us to measure the degree of their satisfaction with the implicit changes of the reform and the potential success of this reform.
The analysis of these three areas allowed us to draw conclusions on and reply to the questions of our investigation concerning:
1. whether the curriculum reform was being actually implemented and up to what extend;
2. if this reform responds to the expectations and needs of the Bulgarian society and particularly of the actors concerned;
3. if the curriculum reform in Bulgaria leads to a greater degree of alignment and convergence with the educational systems in the OECD countries;
4. if the educational reform not only facilitates the acquisition of knowledge and competences, but also the ethic and citizenship formation of students;
5. if in the implementation process of the curriculum reform exist obstacles and problems which could condition in a negative way the implementation of future reforms in the sector.
For the collection of the data on the areas mentioned above we carried out 96 interviews in Sofia between 2003 and 2007, and we administered 201 questionnaires across Bulgaria. The selection of the informants was based on three main categories:
a) the social category comprising representatives from non-governmental organizations, parents' associations, and students from secondary education and higher education;
b) the category of educators including teachers in secondary education schools, professors in higher education (universities) and trainers in in-service training for teachers; and
c) the category of administrative staff comprising Ministry officials responsible for educational policy development, secondary school directors, unions' directors and inspectors from the regional inspectorates.
The conclusions of this investigation may be useful both for bringing information on the current process of reforms in Bulgaria as well as for guiding other future processes that take place in the rest of the transitional Balkan countries and East Europe.
Key words: Curriculum policy, Bulgaria, Secondary education
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MacKenzie, Tyler Christine. "Implementing Key Skills Policy in Further Education : a study of curriculum interpretation and management." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527149.
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Alam, Md Safayet. "Notions of Citizenship in Bangladesh Secondary Curriculum: The Interface between Policy, Perception, and Practice." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Educational Studies and Human Development, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6195.
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This research explores the slippages between the intended and the operational curricula in relation to understanding and enacting citizenship in a Bangladeshi secondary school. I draw on Pinar‘s (2006) notion of the curriculum as a political text to show that it is Western neoliberal understandings of citizenship that are considered as those 'most worth knowing'. The key themes of this research relate to the tensions between neo-liberal discourses of citizenship and 'critical' approaches to citizenship (Andreotti, 2006) and also relate to the slippages between the intended and operational curricula in terms of citizenship. Using qualitative research methodologies, I have analysed three Bangladeshi curriculum documents and the stated views of citizenship of a group of teachers and students and a principal at the level of the intended secondary curriculum. I have also analysed how competing views of citizenship are played out in practice in the operational curriculum of a high school classroom. The findings show that Bangladeshi secondary education is reproducing Western neoliberal knowledge of citizenship that thwarts opportunities for political subjectivity and agency for critical citizenship.
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De, Paor Ruaidhri. "A policy analysis of the 1999 revised primary curriculum in the Republic of Ireland." Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399195.
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Yelling, Martin Rhys. "Physical education, physical activity and the National Curriculum Physical Education : policy, provision and prospects." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4097.
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Halim, Huzaina Abdul. "Creativity in the Malaysian ESL (English as a second language) curriculum : policy and implementation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/40556.
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The Malaysian English as a second language (ESL) Curriculum Specification states that “students should be able to express themselves creatively and imaginatively” (Curriculum Specification for English, p.21) and teachers are encouraged to develop learners’ imagination and creativity. However, there is tension between this policy and its implementation. In practice the focus is on examination grades, and consequently teaching mostly concentrates on knowledge transmission rather than on developing understanding. This approach does not appear to develop creativity or to comply with policy. This study examines how the government’s education policy on creativity is interpreted and implementedin the ESL curriculum. It takes a broad case-study approach, examining key stakeholders’ definitions of creativity and how these impact on policy implementation and exploring contextual factors, using a single representative school as a ‘working unit’ of ESL teaching. The research questions are: 1) How do different stakeholders define creativity? ; 2) How do different conceptions of creativity impact on policy implementation?; and 3) What are the contextual factors which impact the definition and understanding of creativity in the ESL curriculum? The key findings are that, while stakeholder groups have different definitions of creativity, these are overlapping and not problematic in practice. Contextual factors such as the rigid exam focus and limited time and resources present more significant barriers to promoting creativity. This is exacerbated by the fact that, while stakeholder groups share overlapping definitions of creativity, they do not all appreciate the difficulties of implementation. The UK Creative partnerships approach which brought in multiple types of creativity and creative people into schools for children is also discussed in comparison with the Malaysian approach which set out to add creativity to the curriculum. In conclusion, the policy appears ambitious and idealistic, limiting its chances of successful implementation. While defining creativity is not the problem, perhaps bringing people together to agree a consensually acceptable common definition might be useful, not because the definition itself is problematic, but because the process of discussion might make the issues of implementation more explicit to all concerned.
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Gumede, Balindile Rejoice. "Experiences of foundation phase educators in implementing outcomes-based education and the curriculum assessment policy statement in the Hlabisa Circuit." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1538.
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A mini dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Education in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters of Education in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies at the University Of Zululand, 2017This study focuses on the experiences of Foundation Phase educators in implementing OBE and CAPS in the Hlabisa Circuit (KwaZulu-Natal).Foundation Phase educators in this circuit face many challenges in implementing effectively the relevant teaching methodologies required by OBE and CAPS, to the extent of being frustrated by the lack of resources which would help them in their implementation. Their problem, in short, is that they do not know how to implement the principles underpinning OBE and CAPS. The researcher used quantitative research in this study. Data have been collected through questionnaires. Most challenges encountered by Foundation Phase educators are to do with compiling learner portfolios and work schedules, group teaching, and disciplinary measures. Classroom organisation and teaching activities are not receiving the attention they need. Educators are frustrated by the large number of learners each of them is facing. They are frustrated by the instability of Departmental policies: changes in the education system take place regularly.
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Berger, Rebecca H. "Teacher capacity and assessment reform assumptions of policy, realities of practice /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3200638.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Education, 2005.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-12, Section: A, page: 4279. Adviser: Cary Buzzelli. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 11, 2006).