Journal articles on the topic 'Current viewing practices'
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1
Tilton, Lauren. "Preservation First?: Re-Viewing Film Digitization." Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals 12, no. 4 (December 2016): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155019061601200404.
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This article addresses the politics of film digitization by arguing that we should reconsider archival and preservation “best practices” that require film restoration. Instead, it advocates for digitizing films “as is,” which, in turn, captures the film's current materiality (i.e., fading, scratches, and other facets that reveal age, wear, and use). Using the work of Luis Vale, one of the youth filmmakers from New York City's Lower East Side's Young Filmmaker Foundation's Film Club, as a case study, the article points to the importance of archiving and saving these youth films as part of a growing movement to look beyond Hollywood cultural production and preserving national moving image heritage. More broadly, this article highlights how archiving practices determine which histories are remembered and how.
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Shalawati, Shalawati, and Sitti Hadijah. "Teaching Practicum Current Practices: Challenges and Opportunity." J-SHMIC : Journal of English for Academic 5, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/jshmic.2018.vol5(1).1261.
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The aims of this study is to explore the practicum implementation in order to see barrier occurs and to suggest off possible solution to issues occur into the below specific objectives: (a) to explore form of PPL implementation from several points of view: school partners, supervisor-lecturer, and teacher-student, (b) to overview the actual work of the students in the school, viewing from workload and timing, (c) to describe supervision from school partner teacher, types of supervision and partnership pattern in the classroom. The approaches employed samples from four schools, a university and related research participants all of whom are probed for detail individual and group interview. There is also a look for document review applied for better comprehension of the practice. The selected schools are; two SMPs and two SMAs, all of which lie in Pekanbaru. Then, the university reviewed at was Universitas Islam Riau. The research sees that the currect practice is running well, however, there are few wrong doing happening on the ground that school management and PPL unit need to review about, such as workload of the students, supervision, and illegal request from schools that related to financial or non-financial. The timing of the practicum variation need some unified approached and the university need to delegate supervisor-lecturer for initial talk with schools regarding the timing, at about 2 months period. On the other hand, the preparation of the students is in need of revision in term of their self awarenes for experience-based learning. And post practicum reflection process is strongly suggested for better practice and indivdual strengthening learning process.
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Howey, Ann F. "Going Beyond Our Directive: Wall-E and the Limits of Social Commentary." Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures 2, no. 1 (June 2010): 45–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jeunesse.2.1.45.
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The film Wall-E (2008) is both a love story and a social commentary about our current practices of consumption. Analysis of the film as text and of the theatre experience reveals the limitations of Wall-E’s social commentary: while some features of the film position viewers as critical readers of current social practices, other features of the film and of the viewing experience position viewers as consumers and naturalize traditional consumer practices. Wall-E thus illustrates the complex ways that kinderculture positions audiences as critics/consumers and the affective nature of its critical stance.
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Nee, Rebecca C., and Valerie Barker. "Co-viewing Virtually: Social Outcomes of Second Screening with Televised and Streamed Content." Television & New Media 21, no. 7 (June 6, 2019): 712–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476419853450.
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Viewership of traditional television programming has been steadily declining, particularly among younger audiences, who have turned to smartphones, social media, streaming services, and YouTube to consume video. These audiences also frequently engage in second-screening practices, using another device to virtually connect with others regarding what they are watching. Most prior research has focused on the effects of second screening via social media with televised content. Through a survey of teens in the Middle East ( N = 258) and young adults in the United States ( N = 643), the current study found second screening frequently occurs with both traditional TV and streaming content. Framed by co-viewing theory, results show both practices positively correlate with a constructed second-screen social capital affinity (SSSCA) scale, mirroring co-viewing in person. Findings also indicate that second screening need not take place simultaneously with video viewing to gratify social needs.
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Petrova, Evgeniya, and Varvara Preter. "The Soviet TV Viewer in the Post-Soviet Period: Portrait in a Rural Environment." Antropologicheskij forum 18, no. 54 (2022): 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2022-18-54-11-36.
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The article analyzes the phenomenon that we call the “last Soviet TV viewers” in the Russian rural areas. This is the generation of people over 50 years old who were the first for whom television became the primary medium from a young age, and who today are the last for whom it continues to be. The peculiarities of the practices of television viewing and interaction with television have become central to the analysis. The study is based on materials from six field expeditions (2012–2019) to the rural areas of Russia, in which, out of 263 collected in-depth interviews and observations, 106 were conducted with people whom we attribute to this phenomenon and allow us to draw conclusions about the features of their television viewing. The article examines how television is represented in the daily life of rural settlers, what the rural “last Soviet TV viewers” watch in the post-Soviet period, what the current practices of television viewing are, and how the villagers relate to television content and technology. Television was and remains the main medium for the studied group and is perceived as a significant source of content. Many media practices of Soviet television viewers survived in the early post-Soviet period and persist in the 2000s. The new technology acquired by the informants is adapted until it becomes compatible with the basic practices of everyday life.
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Beveridge, Ross, and Philippe Koch. "Urban everyday politics: Politicising practices and the transformation of the here and now." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 37, no. 1 (October 18, 2018): 142–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775818805487.
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This article responds to both ongoing urban practices and strands of urban theory by arguing for a (re-)turn to the everyday as a means of thinking about antagonism and political possibility. We examine how the everyday might be conceived politically and wonder what it is about the current conjuncture that is fuelling the reimagining of the political possibility of the urban. We develop the category of urban everyday politics to capture the politicised everyday practices observable in our towns and cities: collective, organised and strategic practices that articulate a political antagonism embedded in, but breaking with, urban everyday life through altering socio-spatial relations. While we make no empirical claims about the current impact of this form of politics, we assert the political potential of viewing the everyday as a source, stake and site of dissensus in current urban conditions. Politicising the urban everyday offers, we conclude, a strategy for transformative politics, one in which the state recedes from view, micropolitical action is transcended and democratic possibilities lie in the transformation of the urban here and now.
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Atmodiwirjo, Paramita, and Yandi Andri Yatmo. "Urban Interiority: Emerging Cultural and Spatial Practices." Interiority 4, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/in.v4i1.131.
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Discourses on the urban interior recently have emerged as a series of provocations and experimentations that highlight the critical understanding of the urban realm from the interiority perspective. In the fast-moving development of modern global cities, the urban interior concept becomes increasingly important. Cities are fast becoming containers for contemporary spatial practice, with urban spaces becoming melting pots of diverse cultures and communities. Viewing urban settings from the interiority perspective allows us to comprehend unique local characters in particular contexts. This issue of Interiority presents a collection of works that illustrate the expanded understanding of the urban interior, especially in relation to cultural and spatial practice in urban contexts. This issue presents multiple perspectives on understanding the urban interior, raising arguments on how its spatial condition could perform as a container of cultural practice, while simultaneously offering possibilities on manoeuvring within the urban interior context through various ways of reading, interpretation and intervention. These perspectives and approaches promise further possibilities to expand our interior architectural practice in responding not only to current contemporary practice, but also to the future of urban inhabitation.
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Buldu, Metehan. "The investigation of screen-viewing on young children: Before and during the Covid-19 pandemic." African Educational Research Journal 8, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 906–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30918/aerj.84.20.200.
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The aim of the current study is to investigate the use of screen in young children before and during the pandemic and the attitudes of mothers towards their children's screen-viewing time. To achieve this, 20 mothers who have children between 1.5 and 6 years-old included in the study. The design of this qualitative study is phenomenology to collect more extensive and rich descriptions of experiences. These mothers were selected through convenient sampling method and due to the Covid-19 pandemic; interviews were carried out with one-on-one phone call. 21 open-ended interview questions were used to get information about the participants’ views and practices. The findings showed that there are differences between mothers' expectations and practices about the screen meeting of their children, they could not implement their expectations on their own children, and their children met the screen at an earlier age. Also, findings revealed that mothers are conscious about the influences of screen-viewing and it has both physical and behavioral consequences for their children.
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Smith, David I. "Misreading through the Eyes of Faith: Christian Students' Reading Strategies as Interlanguage." Journal of Education and Christian Belief 11, no. 2 (September 2007): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/205699710701100205.
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THIS ARTICLE EXPLORES some instances of students offering eccentric interpretations of literary texts under the apparent influence of elements of their Christian assumptions and identities. It suggests that rather than viewing such incidents in terms of either error or self-expression, it might be more fruitful to regard them as representing a kind of interpretive interlanguage (a concept current in applied linguistics) that draws imperfectly upon more developed models of Christian interpretation. Four such models are identified and related to students' interpretive practices.
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Cao Fernández, Judith, Carmen Costa-Sánchez, and Raimundo Otero-Enríquez. "Binge-watching practices in the pre-pandemic era. Scale of measurement, discourses and related social effects from a case study of university students from Spain." Textos, plataformas y dispositivos. Nuevas perspectivas para el análisis del discurso 9, no. 18 (November 15, 2022): 240–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24137/raeic.9.18.11.
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The new modes of television consumption point to the interest of binge-watching as the object of study. This paper builds an intensity index that classifies users into “irregular”, “regular” or “dedicated”. Methodologically, an inter-method sequence is applied, combining descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses, as well as discussion groups from which cleavages or discursive positions derive. The results of the research indicate that most of the University population are binge-watchers so the terms have changed and a new scale is necessary for identifying the level of engagement with binge-watching behaviour in the current. Almost 30% of the university population under study corresponds to the typical-ideal category of “dedicated” and 33% with the “regular”. The growth rate of the phenomenon is exponential between 2016-2019. The triggering motivations for binge-watching are primarily hedonic; its effects affect our moods especially in “dedicated” users. Two different types of viewing are clearly identified. The first is committed or prioritized viewing (with a high attention level, high dependence and sympathy with regards to the story and characters), and secondary or complimentary viewing. The study concludes that, in a pre-pandemic context of over-audiovisual fiction content (fictoxication), the ability to select and self-assess the media diet acquires the fundamental skill status in the socio-educational framework of the younger ones.
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Soekiswati, Siti, and Absori Absori. "Law Enforcement to Transcendental Based of Paramedic Doctoroid Practices in Health Service." Journal of Transcendental Law 1, no. 1 (September 20, 2019): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jtl.v1i1.8696.
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Purpose of the study: This article aims to discuss the paramedic doctoroid practices in primary health care in Community Health Center conducted by paramedic doctors.Methodology: This research is socio-legal research; research on law application, viewing law acting as law in action, which involves the interrelation between law and social institutions.Main Findings: Delegation of duty policies under the roof of paramedic doctoroid practices in health services in Community Health Center. This research is a socio-legal aimed at uncovering the phenomenon of paramedic doctoroid practices.Applications of the study: The current study provides criticism for the government in creating inconsistent policies, poor supervision, and law enforcement behind doctoroid practice persistence.Novelty/Originality of the study: the concept of law enforcement is based on the philosophy of the first principle of Pancasila as the Indonesian ideology, transcendental-based law enforcement.
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Veal, Mary Lou. "Pupil Assessment Perceptions and Practices of Secondary Teachers." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 7, no. 4 (July 1988): 327–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.7.4.327.
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Noting that current research has revealed a substantial gap between pupil assessment theory and the practices of secondary teachers, this study examined not only what teachers are doing, but also why they select and use certain practices. Assessment was observed in at least three classes for each of 13 selected secondary teachers, and descriptions of specific assessment practices were obtained through formal and informal interviews. School documents and teacher-developed assessment instruments were also examined in order to add depth to descriptions. The bulk of the data consisted of field notes from interviews and observations, which were analyzed qualitatively. Frequency indices were also prepared to allow easier viewing of patterns in the data. Ninety specific assessment practices were identified. Of the 90 total instances, 16% were preassessment, 30% were formative assessment, and 54% were summative assessment. Analysis of emergent themes indicated that teachers’ assessment practices were influenced by the effort and improvement of their students, and that teachers individualized their assessments. Teachers also identified conditions under which they used assessment including the determination of the purpose or utility of each technique as well as efficiency of administration.
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Russell, Laura. "Viewing Constructions of Insanity and Mental Health through a Critical Lens." Romanian Journal of Communication and Public Relations 23, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21018/rjcpr.2021.1.316.
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For as long as the human intellect has been documented, individuals have maintained curiosity towards the emotional, behavioral, and social dimensions of being. It comes as no surprise that our current world continues inquiring about the realm of “mental health”, questioning how it manifests physiologically and gets expressed outwardly. Far from being an objective practice, observing, interpreting, and acting on meanings constructed of mental health remains an intersubjective process involving multiple stakeholders. And, indeed, the stakes are high. Pronouncements of individuals’ mental health, particularly regarding diagnoses, play a significant role in shaping the trajectory of persons’ lives indefinitely. Given the myriad of consequences tied to diagnostic practices, Cristina Hanganu-Bresch and Carol Berkenkotter’s 2019 book, Diagnosing Madness: The Discursive Construction of the Psychiatric Patient, 1850-1920, examines the historical underpinnings of insanity in the making. By viewing insanity through a rhetorical lens, the authors illustrate how patients, doctors, families, legal professionals, and the general public negotiate meanings for and corrective actions towards this construct.
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Jackman, Catherine, Hannah McGee, and Michael Turner. "Maternal views of the management of foetal remains following early miscarriage." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 10, no. 2 (June 1993): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700012945.
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AbstractObjective:Recommendations for the sensitive management of perinatal and late pregnancy deaths are now widely applied. This study assessed management experiences and preferences of women who had an early miscarriage to ascertain if current practices are acceptable to these women.Method:Women who had experienced a first trimester miscarriage in the previous year and had attended hospital were identified from hospital and GP records. They were interviewed using a semi-structural format (N=27) and asked about their own experiences and opinions regarding viewing the foetus following miscarriage and making burial arrangements.Results:Most women did not see their miscarried foetus (85%) or know what burial arrangements had been made for the foetus (92%). Preferences regarding these issues were varied but all women felt that parents should be consulted.Conclusions:Recommendations on specific arrangements for the viewing of and disposal of remains following early miscarriage may be secondary to the provision of choice for the parents involved.
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Lightfoot, Kent G., Rob Q. Cuthrell, Chuck J. Striplen, and Mark G. Hylkema. "Rethinking the Study of Landscape Management Practices Among Hunter-Gatherers in North America." American Antiquity 78, no. 2 (April 2013): 285–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.78.2.285.
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AbstractThere has been little movement to systematically incorporate the study of indigenous landscape management practices into the method and theory of hunter-gatherer research in North American archaeology, despite a growing interest in this topic. The purposes of this article are twofold. One is to address why, until quite recently, archaeologists have been reluctant to engage in the current debate about the scale and ecological impact of these practices, particularly anthropogenic burning. We argue that this stems from a long tradition of viewing hunter-gatherers as passive, immediate-return foragers, as well as from the daunting methodological challenges of identifying landscape management activities using archaeological data. Our second purpose is to explore how archaeologists can make significant contributions to our understanding of past resource management practices through the creation of new kinds of collaborative, interdisciplinary eco-archaeological programs. Based on the current work of scholars in archaeological and environmental disciplines, as well as on our own implementation of such an approach in central California, we discuss the importance of maintaining mutual relationships with local tribes, the challenges of coordinating multiple data sets, and the process of rethinking our analytical methods and temporal scales for undertaking hunter-gatherer studies.
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Harley, Jessica J., Lisa O’Hara, and Paul E. Rose. "A Global Survey of Current Zoo Housing and Husbandry Practices for Fossa: A Preliminary Review." Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens 2, no. 3 (July 20, 2021): 388–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jzbg2030028.
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The fossa is a specialized Malagasy carnivore housed in ex situ facilities since the late 19th century. Moderate breeding success has occurred since the 1970s, and welfare issues (notably stereotypic pacing behaviour) are commonly documented. To understand challenges relating to fossa housing and husbandry (H&H) across global facilities and to identify areas of good practice that dovetail with available husbandry standards, a survey was distributed to ZIMS-registered zoos in 2017. Results showed that outdoor housing area and volume varied greatly across facilities, the majority of fossa expressed unnatural behaviours, with pacing behaviour the most frequently observed. All fossa received enrichment, and most had public access restricted to one or two sides of the enclosure. The majority of fossa were locked in/out as part of their daily management and forty-one percent of the fossa surveyed as breeding individuals bred at the zoo. Dense cover within an enclosure, restricted public viewing areas, a variable feeding schedule and limited view of another species from the fossa exhibit appear to reduce the risk of unnatural behavior being performed. The achievement of best practice fossa husbandry may be a challenge due to its specialized ecology, the limited wild information guiding captive care, and the range of housing dimensions and exhibit features provided by zoos that makes identification of standardized practices difficult. We recommended that holders evaluate how and when enrichment is provided and assess what they are providing for environmental complexity as well as consider how the public views their fossa.
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Katrakazas, Panagiotis, Marco Costantino, Federico Magnea, Liam Moore, Abdelgafar Ismail, Eleftherios Bourithis, Hasan Basri Taşkın, et al. "An Equifinality Energy Management Framework in Terms of Benchmarking Practices and Expectations: The EnerMan Project Outlook." Systems 10, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems10010002.
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Background: The Industry 4.0 wave is leading the changes in existing manufacturing and industrial processes across the world. This is especially important in the formulation of the smart-factory concept with an outlook to energy sustainable processes. In viewing and identifying the foundational elements of such a transformation, the initial conditions and current practices in a cross-sectoral manner is considered a first, yet crucial step in the EU-funded project EnerMan. Methods: In this paper, we identify and analyse the key common features and characteristics of industrial practices set in a perspective of similar and identical functions with a focus to three key energy areas: sustainability, management, and footprint. The examination of different industrial sector cases is performed via distributed questionnaires and then viewed under the prism of the equifinality state via a text-mining analysis approach. Results: identification of common themes and benchmarking of current practices in a cross-industry manner led to the creation of a common systemic framework within energy management related aspects, which is hereby presented. Conclusions: use of an equifinality approach in energy management practices should be further pursued to open up new methods of ideation and innovation and communicate systems’ design in tandem with each industrial set goals.
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Ananthanarayanan, Raghu, Bala Kishore, Manikantan Somayaji, Kartik Shastri, and T. S. Sreekumar. "On Becoming a Yogi Coach—Part 2." NHRD Network Journal 15, no. 4 (October 2022): 463–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26314541221118607.
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The current article aims to offer a set of yogic practices that will enable the coach to transform oneself. The previous article in this series presented a yogic perspective to examine the nature of coaching conversations. The current article elaborates on the linkages between mastery over one’s inner process of psychosomatic arousal and its expression. This article brings out several practices to arrest negative tendencies and develop qualities like self-awareness, contextual intelligence, and deep listening. These qualities enable a coach to be very sensitive to their own subtle inner movements and become capable of multidimensional presence and nurture the inner genius. The present article examines the nature of conversations through the lens of Yoga, Indic theatre and dance. Further the article elucidates practices for awakening the higher chakras. Discussion is done in understanding the psyche using the rasa (feeling qualia) concept and in developing Sakhi (friend) and SAkshi (witness/meditative) bhAva (state of mind) by using the metaphors of dance and rasa. The article further offers a framework for viewing the reality looking through the lens of the self and the other. The article provides key insights and practices for the inner transformation of a coach to develop a multidimensional presence, and thereby enable a powerful transformation for the coachee.
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Lee, Young Ju. "First steps toward critical literacy: Interactions with an English narrative text among three English as a foreign language readers in South Korea." Journal of Early Childhood Literacy 17, no. 1 (July 24, 2016): 26–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468798415599048.
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Three Korean children, whose English reading test scores were comparably lower than their peers' and who showed a tendency to withdraw from class activities or resist texts, participated in a reading tutoring programme in South Korea. By reflecting on the three students' interactions with an English text, the current paper argues that resistant readers' mere understanding of texts can be deepened while they diversify their perspectives for viewing textual messages and beliefs. In the process, with a range of explicit scaffolding, the students' resistance could be harnessed as a meaningful opportunity to promote multiple perspectives regarding texts and sociocultural practices. This article suggests that letting students develop multiple perspectives based on critical reflections on texts and sociocultural practices, by being exposed to a variety of books and engaging in critical analysis, should be a vital component of literacy classrooms.
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Hammett, Roberta F. "Assessment and New Literacies." E-Learning and Digital Media 4, no. 3 (September 2007): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/elea.2007.4.3.343.
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This article argues that if multimodal and new literacies are to become common practices in schools, they have to be included in both school and provincial/state large-scale assessment programmes. Building on current criterion-referenced testing in Newfoundland and Labrador which assesses a range of literacies (viewing, reading, writing, representing, speaking and listening), the article suggests criteria which might be considered in developing holistic and analytic rubrics for assessing new literacies in ways that are productive for learners. The article describes an interactive website that may be used to familiarize teachers and education students with rubrics for assessing children's written and graphic responses to linguistic, graphic and spoken texts.
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Nordström, Birgitta. "Dressing the dead body." Approaching Religion 6, no. 2 (December 14, 2016): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30664/ar.67599.
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My current research focuses on textiles and rites, especially woven textiles for funerals and moments of loss. What active role can a textile such as an infant-wrapping cloth or a funeral pall play in the mourning process? This article will describe the development and current questions that address 1) the infant-wrapping cloth – the textile that is used to dress, clothe, or cover the dead body with particular attention to the question of infant mortality and the material practices of care. 2) The funeral pall that is used at funerals, draped over the coffin or as a body cover at hospital viewing rooms. One example to be presented is Kortedalakrönika (‘The Chronicle of Kortedala’), a collaborative project, woven for a church in Gothenburg. My work is based in artistic practice but opens up several scientific and existential questions.
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Moeller, Scott J., Adam W. Hanley, and Eric L. Garland. "Behavioral preference for viewing drug v. pleasant images predicts current and future opioid misuse among chronic pain patients." Psychological Medicine 50, no. 4 (April 15, 2019): 644–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291719000461.
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AbstractBackgroundThe USA is currently enduring an opioid crisis. Identifying cost-effective, easy-to-implement behavioral measures that predict treatment outcomes in opioid misusers is a crucial scientific, therapeutic, and epidemiological goal.MethodsThe current study used a mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal design to test whether a behavioral choice task, previously validated in stimulant users, was associated with increased opioid misuse severity at baseline, and whether it predicted change in opioid misuse severity at follow-up. At baseline, data from 100 prescription opioid-treated chronic pain patients were analyzed; at follow-up, data were analyzed in 34 of these participants who were non-misusers at baseline. During the choice task, participants chose under probabilistic contingencies whether to view opioid-related images in comparison with affectively pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral images. Following previous procedures, we also assessed insight into choice behavior, operationalized as whether (yes/no) participants correctly self-reported the image category they chose most often.ResultsAt baseline, the higher choice for viewing opioid images in direct comparison with pleasant images was associated with opioid misuse and impaired insight into choice behavior; the combination of these produced especially elevated opioid-related choice behavior. In longitudinal analyses of individuals who were initially non-misusers, higher baseline opioid v. pleasant choice behavior predicted more opioid misuse behaviors at follow-up.ConclusionsThese results indicate that greater relative allocation of behavior toward opioid stimuli and away from stimuli depicting natural reinforcement is associated with concurrent opioid misuse and portends vulnerability toward future misuse. The choice task may provide important medical information to guide opioid-prescribing practices.
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Xu, Huilan, Li Ming Wen, and Chris Rissel. "Associations of Parental Influences with Physical Activity and Screen Time among Young Children: A Systematic Review." Journal of Obesity 2015 (2015): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/546925.
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Parents play a critical role in developing and shaping their children’s physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours, particularly in the early years of life. The aim of this systematic review is to identify current literature investigating associations of parental influences with both PA and screen time in young children. This systematic review was conducted in November 2013 using 6 electronic databases covering research literature from January 1998 to November 2013. Thirty articles that met inclusion criteria were identified. These studies covered five important aspects of parenting: (1) parenting practices; (2) parents’ role modelling; (3) parental perceptions of children’s PA and screen viewing behaviours; (4) parental self-efficacy; and (5) general parenting style. Findings suggest that parents’ encouragement and support can increase children’s PA, and reducing parents’ own screen time can lead to decreased child screen time. Improving parenting practices, parental self-efficacy or changing parenting style may also be promising approaches to increasing PA time and decreasing screen time of young children.
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Choudhury, Moharana, Subhrajeet Sahoo, Palas Samanta, Arushi Tiwari, Alavya Tiwari, Utkarsh Chadha, Preetam Bhardwaj, Abhishek Nalluri, Tolera Kuma Eticha, and Arghya Chakravorty. "COVID-19: An Accelerator for Global Plastic Consumption and Its Implications." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (October 7, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1066350.
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Plastic has been ingrained in our society. Repercussions on the usage of nonbiodegradable plastics and their problems have been recently realized. Despite its detrimental environmental impact, the COVID-19 epidemic has compelled worldwide citizens to increase their plastic use due to affordability and availability. The volume of hospital solid waste, particularly plastics, is overgrowing due to an unexpected increase in medical waste, culminating in the global waste management catastrophe. Henceforth, adopting good waste management practices along with appropriate technologies and viewing the current issue from a fresh perspective would be an opportunity in this current scenario. Accordingly, this review study will focus on the plastic waste scenario before and during the COVID-19 epidemic. This review also disseminates alternative disposal options and recommends practical solutions to lessen human reliance on traditional plastics. Further, the responsibilities of various legislative and regulatory authorities at the local, regional, and worldwide levels are addressed.
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Chronis, Athinodoros. "The Staging of Contested Servicescapes." Journal of Service Research 22, no. 4 (April 28, 2019): 456–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094670519842336.
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Identifying the abundance of servicescapes whose meaning and identity can be contested by customers, and recognizing the necessity for managing these environments, this study investigates and provides theoretical understanding of the way in which service providers stage contested servicescapes. To this end, ethnographic research was conducted at the Gettysburg National Military Park as an exemplary empirical context of a servicescape that, more than a century and a half after the battle transpired, remains at the center of intense controversies. Analytical attention was focused on the performative practices of tour guides who—as frontline employees (FLEs)—are essential in practices of staging. The contribution of this research lies in (1) highlighting the politicized nature of certain servicescapes and theorizing their staging through three groups of interrelated practices, (2) viewing authenticity as a discourse employed by service providers to legitimize their claims of an undisputed “official” servicescape, and (3) shedding light on current debates on the tension between domination (structure) and resistance (agency) by introducing the strategic notion of metaperformance. Implications for practice are provided in the form of suggestive techniques that can guide FLEs in staging potentially controversial servicescapes and avoiding contestation.
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Thompson, Christiane, and Gabriele Weiss. "6 The Quest of Participation: Studying from the Perspective of Practice Theory." Philosophy and Theory in Higher Education 3, no. 3 (January 1, 2021): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/ptihe032021.0006.
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Abstract Instead of viewing study as a matter of effective learning—as it is done in the current discourse on “digitalization,” we approach study from the viewpoint of “participation,” that is, on the grounds of a shared practice of world disclosure or world building. Drawing on a phenomenological attitude, we describe various study practices, such as reading and writing and listening and speaking in their correlational and suspenseful constitution. The (ambiguous) affects and attunements and how they bring about intellectual involvement point toward our main conclusion: study is about opening the space of knowledge (re-)formation. The delay and deceleration of study points to the university as a liminal institution (Waldenfels)—an institution that does not close itself off from that which still has to be studied.
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Klien-Thomas, Hanna. "Idealized Bodies – Embodied Ideals: Young Female Audiences and Their (Re)Negotiations of the Bollywood Heroine in Trinidad." Asian Diasporic Visual Cultures and the Americas 5, no. 1-2 (April 11, 2019): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23523085-00501006.
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Film heroines have been an integral part of Hindi cinema’s long-standing transnational circuits and, in more recent times, of global Bollywood. Due to current changes in the reception context, young audiences in Trinidad are confronted with the need to make meaning of heroines within disjunctive cultural formations, both in negotiating heroines of newly released films as well as renegotiating established icons. This article offers a historical overview of Hindi cinema, related notions of idealized Indian womanhood, and marginalized viewing pleasures. Secondly, drawing on interviews conducted in Trinidad between 2010 and 2013, it gives insights into the signifying practices of young women. The focus is on how young women exert discursive and interpretative power to selectively reconfigure heroines and star texts, thereby signifying Indianness as well as a space to express their desires.
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Gubbels, Jessica S., Sanne MPL Gerards, and Stef PJ Kremers. "The association of parenting practices with toddlers’ dietary intake and BMI, and the moderating role of general parenting and child temperament." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 14 (May 19, 2020): 2521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898002000021x.
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AbstractObjective:The objective was to examine the association between parenting practices, toddler’s dietary intake and BMI. In addition, potential moderation of these associations by general parenting and child temperament was examined.Design:The current cross-sectional study assessed parenting practices using the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire, general parenting using the Comprehensive General Parenting Questionnaire, child temperament using the Child Behavior Check List, and children’s dietary intake through parental questionnaires. Children’s weight and length were objectively measured to determine BMI z-scores. Associations were examined using multiple linear regression analyses. Moderation was examined using interaction terms.Setting:Home setting.Participants:393 Dutch toddlers (age 1–3 years) and their parents recruited through fifty childcare centres and preschools in the Netherlands.Results:Various practices were related to children’s diet and BMI. For instance, the availability of healthy foods is the most important predictor of healthy dietary intake (e.g. β = –0·35 for sweets; β = 0·18 for fruit). The association of availability with a healthier diet was strongest when parents scored low on the positive parenting style dimensions, including nurturance, structure and/or behavioural control. In addition, it seemed that a high availability of healthy foods and low availability of unhealthy foods is especially beneficial for children showing withdrawal/depressive, anxious or overactive behaviour, while encouraging balance and variety is not beneficial for these children. All other practices were related to children’s diet and/or BMI as well.Conclusions:The findings underline the importance of viewing the impact of parenting practices in the context of general parenting and child temperament.
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Bann, Stephen. "‘Views of the Past’ — Reflections on the Treatment of Historical Objects and Museums of History (1750–1850)." Sociological Review 35, no. 1_suppl (May 1987): 39–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1987.tb00082.x.
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It is argued that ‘viewing the past’ has a precise significance when this activity is interpreted within the context of the specific modes of representation which were current in the period from 1750 to 1850. Although theoretical awareness of this possibility came at a later stage, with Nietzsche's analysis of the ‘antiquarian’ attitude and Alois Riegl's concept of ‘age-value’, the antiquarians and collectors of the eighteenth century were already developing practices of installation and exhibition which gave expression to the new ‘vision’ of the past. The particular case of the Faussett Pavilion is examined to show how one of these antiquarians gave a strong affective character to the process of historical and archaeological retrieval. But it is also suggested that the ‘antiquarian’ attitude was vulnerable to ironic revision, as Scott and his fellow Romantic writers popularised the study of the Middle Ages; in Barham's Ingoldsby Legends (1840), the visual representation of a monument is merely the pretext for a far-fetched medieval story. It is further argued that the historical museum, essentially a product of this period, provided the most stable conditions for ‘viewing the past’. Although early examples like Alexandre Lenoir's Musée des Monuments français and Sir John Soane's Museum are discussed, it is Alexandre du Sommerard's Musée de Cluny (opening in the early 1830s) which is shown to have fulfilled these conditions to greatest effect.
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Miller, Adam L. "Fixed Term Contracts: An exploration of employment conditions in Japanese universities." International Journal of Higher Education Pedagogies 3, no. 3 (September 27, 2022): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/ijhep.v3i3.216.
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This study looks at current employment practices and terms in the field of tertiary education in Japan. The importance of this study is highlighted by the growing prominence of the “academic underclass” (Itakura, 2021), or university teachers who are undervalued and underappreciated by their employer and in turn lacking in motivation and fearful of their lack of job security. This research focuses particularly on international university teachers in Japan, who are hired under the terms of FTCs (Fixed Term Contracts). The significance of this study is drawn from the importance on securing a strong and steady teaching staff, who can in turn be a foundation on which the quality of a university can be assured. The findings are based upon qualitative data collected from a semi-structured interview with a native Japanese staff member at a Japanese university, whose opinions and experiences offer a clear insight into the impact FTCs and employment practices have on employees at Japanese universities. This data is also triangulated with existing studies and contemporary Japanese journalism. These findings point to the potential dangers of FTCs and the drawbacks of universities in Japan viewing their staff as an expense instead of an asset.
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Hamilton, John. "Attribution, referencing and commencing HE students as novice academic writers: Giving them more time to ‘get it’." Student Success 7, no. 2 (July 24, 2016): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ssj.v7i2.340.
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The requirement for commencing higher education students to apply principles of attribution in their early academic writing frequently creates frustration both for students and academic teaching staff. Teachers often provide information on the necessity of attribution, and considerable detail on the mechanics of how to reference, and express frustration at the failure of some students to demonstrate this in their writing. In turn, many students appear overwhelmed and confused by the expectations placed on them as early academic writers. This paper explores these expectations and questions current assessment practices, advocating a longer period of formative learning before students are required to competently and accurately apply attribution principles and referencing conventions in their writing. Using the threshold concept framework (Meyer & Land, 2005), it suggests viewing attribution as a ‘conceptual gateway’ through which students must pass in becoming academic writers, and explores some implications of this for teaching, learning and assessment.
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Ohayon, Charlie, and Tara Flanagan. "A Stoic View of Stress and Coping among College and University Students." International Journal of Applied Philosophy 33, no. 1 (2019): 105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ijap201988121.
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Changing the appraisal of stress to foster adaptive coping for students is explored by proposing an alternative lens theory of viewing the stress response from the perspective of Greek philosophy of Stoicism. The connection of Lazarus’s challenge appraisal (Lambert and Lazarus, “Psychological Stress and the Coping Process,” 634) to resilience and Stoicism is a novel perspective brought about by re-examining the foundations of current practices and has the potential to elicit new research, theories, and resources to help students learn to cope with stress differently. The concepts of stress, Stoicism, and resilience are all inextricably linked, however Stoicism is at the root of these ideas. This proposal to view stress through the lens of Stoicism is an opportunity to alter the way students think and respond to challenges by using an ancient philosophy to have a positive outlook on the stresses of modern university life.
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Nicholson, Jody S., Pascal R. Deboeck, and Waylon Howard. "Attrition in developmental psychology." International Journal of Behavioral Development 41, no. 1 (July 10, 2016): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025415618275.
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Inherent in applied developmental sciences is the threat to validity and generalizability due to missing data as a result of participant drop-out. The current paper provides an overview of how attrition should be reported, which tests can examine the potential of bias due to attrition (e.g., t-tests, logistic regression, Little's MCAR test, sensitivity analysis), and how it is best corrected through modern missing data analyses. To amend this discussion of best practices in managing and reporting attrition, an assessment of how developmental sciences currently handle attrition was conducted. Longitudinal studies ( n = 541) published from 2009–2012 in major developmental journals were reviewed for attrition reporting practices and how authors handled missing data based on recommendations in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA, 2010). Results suggest attrition reporting is not following APA recommendations, quality of reporting did not improve since the APA publication, and a low proportion of authors provided sufficient information to convey that data properly met the MAR assumption. An example based on simulated data demonstrates bias that may result from various missing data mechanisms in longitudinal data, the utility of auxiliary variables for the MAR assumption, and the need for viewing missingness along a continuum from MAR to MNAR.
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Rowe, David. "Cultural citizenship, media and sport in contemporary Australia." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 53, no. 1 (April 22, 2016): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690216641147.
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Mediated sport has assumed an extraordinary position in contemporary global culture. It is enormously popular, especially when stimulated by both artful and ‘carpet bomb’ marketing and promotion. It is, correspondingly, in high commercial demand in the transition from scheduled, ‘appointment’ broadcast television to a more flexible, mobile system of on-demand viewing on multiple platforms. The ‘nowness’ of sport means that it is highly effective in assembling massive, real-time audiences in an era of increasing fragmentation both in terms of numbers and viewing rhythms. At the same time, sport routinely insinuates itself into the everyday lives of citizens in ways that are no more uniform than the people who encounter it. Even among enthusiastic participants in, and aficionados of, sport, there is considerable experiential diversity in engagement with it in mediated form. Socio-cultural variables such as age, gender, ethnicity and social class, as well as dispositions of sporting taste, are responsible for considerable differences in the practices associated with mediated sport. This article addresses current research on cultural citizenship and sport in Australia, drawing on qualitative data from Greater Western Sydney, Australia’s most demographically diverse region, in analysing the various ways in which citizens engage with sport as participants and spectators. It explores the research participants’ views concerning their rights to access ‘live’ mediated sport within a broad framework of cultural citizenship, analysing the tension between commercial and citizen relationships in the production of public culture. Finally, the article considers problems associated with such access, including with regard to the so-called ‘gamblification’ of sport.
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Rusu, Marinela. "1. Cultural Dimensions of Learning - Teachers’ Cultural Skills." Review of Artistic Education 1, no. 24 (April 1, 2022): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rae-2022-0029.
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Abstract Current demographic changes are increasingly raising the issue of appropriate changes in the educational process as well. This paper brings into question a new imperative in current education: the teaching curriculum and educators must find ways to meet the needs of students with a wide range of experiences, skills and interests. Understanding the ways in which cultural specificity influences the educational context, opens the way for better communication between teachers and students. Teachers need to understand not only how culture influences student behavior, but also how it influences their own perceptions and behaviors. Like students, teachers reflect in their classroom attitudes preferences, perceptions, abilities, and expectations that specifically shape their communication. Teachers often question culture, viewing it as a limitation of the student. Students who overcome their culture succeed. Students who do not want to make this adjustment fail. Teachers rarely reflect on their own prejudices or the limitations of their pedagogical practices. Instead of placing full responsibility on students, we propose that teachers, regardless of their cultural heritage, increase their cultural competence so that they can be better prepared to facilitate students’ learning. This perspective may seem difficult and threatening, but an honest and careful examination can also be rewarding.
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Abdallah, Ayman Bahjat, and Rasha Zuhair Alkhaldi. "Lean bundles in health care: a scoping review." Journal of Health Organization and Management 33, no. 4 (June 28, 2019): 488–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-09-2018-0263.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review original research on lean management (LM) in health care to identify potential research gaps and present recommendations for future research. The paper also discusses the current state of implementing LM practices in health care. In addition, it presents and highlights “lean bundles” imported from manufacturing, namely, total quality management (TQM), human resource management, just-in-time and total productive maintenance, as a potential implementation strategy of LM in hospitals to optimize overall health care performance. Design/methodology/approach The scoping review was conducted based on the guidelines specified by Arksey and O’Malley (2005). Relevant included studies were retrieved by searching various electronic databases. The PRISMA guidelines were applied to identify and select eligible studies. Findings The majority of previous studies used selected practices to measure LM in health care. In most cases, these practices reflected a narrow and biased view of LM. Lean bundles which comprehensively view LM and reflect all its aspects have rarely been discussed in the health care literature. Evidence about the contribution of lean bundles to hospital performance needs to be addressed in future studies. Practical implications This paper demonstrates the implementation of the four lean bundles in hospitals. It argues that, instead of adopting one dimension or selected practices of LM, hospitals viewing LM as a comprehensive multi-dimensional approach through the adoption of the four lean bundles are expected to maximize their performances. Originality/value This is one of the first works to comprehensively review and discuss lean bundles in the context of health care. It argues that the adoption of the four lean bundles by hospitals will enable them to yield the maximum LM performance benefits. In addition, a proposed survey questionnaire based on the literature review is provided to assist researchers in conducting future empirical studies.
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Achinstein, Betty, and Adele Barrett. "(Re)Framing Classroom Contexts: How New Teachers and Mentors View Diverse Learners and Challenges of Practice." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 106, no. 4 (April 2004): 716–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146810410600404.
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Research on new teachers identifies two critical challenges in relation to how novices view their students: “practice shock” that results in an overfocus on controlling students and a cultural mismatch that causes novices to see diversity as a problem. This article explores how mentoring strategies intervene at this critical phase, influencing novices’ beliefs about students and teaching practices. This study examined 15 new teacher-mentor pairs over 2 years in northern California through mentoring conversations, classroom observations, and interviews with mentors and novices working with culturally and linguistically diverse elementary students. Drawing on sociological, organizational, and new teacher educational literature, the study explores how novices and mentors come to “frame” and negotiate student diversity in the classroom. The authors describe three ways of viewing classroom relations that the new teachers and mentors used—managerial, human relations, and political. This article challenges current thinking about novice development by revealing how mentors offer new teachers a repertoire of frames to diagnose challenges and develop alternative approaches to meet the needs of diverse students.
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Cheung, Melissa Mei Yin, Bandana Saini, and Lorraine Smith. "‘It’s a powerful message’: a qualitative study of Australian healthcare professionals’ perceptions of asthma through the medium of drawings." BMJ Open 9, no. 4 (April 2019): e027699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027699.
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ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore healthcare professionals’ (HCPs’) perspectives of asthma through their drawings, and their responses when viewing patients’ drawings of their experiences of asthma.DesignA qualitative exploratory study with a purposive, convenience sample of participants. Participants were asked to first express their perspectives of asthma in a drawing, which was followed by a review of drawings made by patients with asthma.SettingPrimary and tertiary HCPs from Sydney, Australia.ParticipantsTwenty-three HCPs from a range of health professions.ResultsThe HCPs illustrated their perspective of asthma through drawings which were largely biomedically framed, depicting physiological and clinical aspects of asthma. In contrast, their discussion around the patients’ drawings centred on the person more than the condition. The patients’ drawings triggered the HCPs to revisit their personal expectations of their patients’ illness experience; prompted differing degrees of acknowledgement and empathy regarding the patient experience; and encouraged clinical reflexivity.ConclusionsOur findings provide support for the educational application of patients’ drawings in bringing HCPs closer to the patient lived experience. The drawings fostered deeper insight into patient perspectives of asthma and stimulated critical reflection on current healthcare practices.
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Patinka, Paul. "Representations in Vocal Repertoire." Journal of Singing 78, no. 2 (October 21, 2021): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.53830/mysd7394.
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This paper seeks to understand representations in repertoire diversity found in audition selections for Carnegie Mellon University, the National Student Auditions hosted by the National Association of Teachers of Singing, the Wolf Trap Opera Company summer program auditions, and the Metropolitan Opera National Council auditions. Various forms of data collection and the ubiquitous use of social media have highlighted equity disparities in the treatment of minority groups. The singing community, like all music-makers, must reconcile past inequalities and adapt current practices based on inclusion rather than exclusion. Analysis of these selections is compared with demographic data from members of the National Association of Schools of Music and the U.S. Census Bureau. By amalgamating these various forms of evidence combined with interdisciplinary framing, this paper: 1) provides a framework of systematic issues facing minorities in vocal studies and performance; 2) develops a theoretical understanding of the musical canon; 3) evaluates the current content of the vocal musical canon; 4) displays representational disparities between canonic vocal works and the populations singing them, and; 5) highlights the need for change in current practice to remain equitable for future generations of singers. While systematic choices in repertoire selection may seem insignificant in the short term studies have shown that minority students viewing representations of themselves in positions of power have positive impacts on their growth and the likelihood of entering and studying in the field. Shifts in current practice are critically necessary for vocal studies to remain relevant and inclusive for future generations.
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Clancy, Elizabeth Mary, Dominika Howard, Shaoyuan Chong, and Bianca Klettke. "Dream It, Do It? Associations between Pornography Use, Risky Sexual Behaviour, Sexual Preoccupation and Sexting Behaviours among Young Australian Adults." Sexes 2, no. 4 (October 16, 2021): 433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sexes2040034.
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While sexting behaviours have attracted increasing research focus over the last decade as both normative and deviant forms of sexual activity, little attention has been paid to their potential associations with sexual preoccupation and heightened interest in sex. The current study sought to identify whether sexual preoccupation significantly predicts sending, receiving, and disseminating sexts, after controlling for pornography use and risky sexual behaviours. Young Australian adult participants (N = 654, 78.8% women) aged 18 to 34 (M = 19.78, SD = 1.66) completed an anonymous online self-report questionnaire regarding their engagement in sexting behaviours (sending, receiving, and dissemination), pornography use, risky sexual behaviours, and sexual preoccupation. Results showed that individuals with higher sexual preoccupation were more likely to engage in pornography use and risky sexual behaviours. Binary hierarchical logistic regressions revealed that sexual preoccupation predicted higher rates of sending and receiving sexts. However, sexual preoccupation did not significantly contribute to increased rates of sext dissemination. Our study illustrates the need to incorporate pornography viewing and sexting into the promotion of safe sexual behaviours in online and offline contexts, and the potential to utilise modern technology to negotiate safer sex practices.
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Abbadi, Haitham Mamdouh, and Nimer Abedalhameed Slihat. "International Audit Standard No. 240 and Its Impact on the Practical Procedures of Auditors in Detection the Manipulation of Financial Statements." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 1, no. 1 (June 17, 2015): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v5i1.7828.
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This study aims to explore the role of International Audit Standard No.240 on the auditor’s procedures in detecting manipulation and fraud of financial Statements, the descriptive approach was used in conducting this study, through viewing the related literature in order to indentify the practices that lead to manipulation. And by identifying the auditor’s responsibilities according to the International Audit Standard No. 240. The results showed that firms may commit manipulation in several ways, such as recording the current expenses as capital expenses, to reduce costs and increase profits which may lead managers to ask for rewards. Therefore, the auditor must make greater efforts to the following:- Focusing on financial events that have different accounting treatments, such as record maintenance expenses, at the fixed asset account. The purpose of this action is to reduce costs and increase profits, which may lead to request, a reward by managers.- Comparing manager’s Salaries with Past year.- Comparing financial ratios of the company with its counterparts in the market.- Send support certificates for suppliers to make sure their account balances, in order to ensure the registration of all Purchases futures in inventory account.
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Tomar, Shashi Prabha, Pradeep Kumar Kasar, and Rajesh Tiwari. "Study of life style determinants of overweight and obesity among school going adolescents in urban Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 2 (January 25, 2017): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20170290.
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Background: Obesity has become a colossal epidemic causing serious public health concern and contributes to 2.6 million deaths worldwide every year. Indian data regarding current trends in childhood obesity are emerging. Considering the fact that India has rapidly growing middle class easily habituated for enormous lifestyle changes in recent decades responsible for developing potential platform for obesity among youths. Accordingly, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the associations between overweight, obesity and several lifestyle factors, including physical activity, sedentary behaviours among adolescents aged 10-17 years.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in two schools of Jabalpur located around medical college area , 184 students effectively interviewed by predesigned questionnaire regarding Socio-demographic profile ie current residence, age, mothers educational and occupational status and family size and life style practices like the physical activity questions designed to asses typical time spent per day on games and outdoor activity, on sedentary activities, including television (TV) viewing, video games, and computer and internet use. Data entry and data processing were carried out using the SPSS version 17 software and data analyses were applied using the appropriate statistical tests of significance.Results: Prevalence of obesity and overweight: Of the 184 adolescents studied, 7.6% were obese and 2.2% were pre-obese.Conclusions: Among all of the lifestyle factors assessed, overweight and obesity exhibited associations with less frequent physical activity, and more television and internet use.
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Hendy, Chris, David Merritt, and Shannon Corkill. "Anthropogenic impacts on the Glowworm Cave, Waitomo, New Zealand: a microclimate management approach." International Journal of Speleology 51, no. 1 (February 2022): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.51.1.2411.
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Waitomo Glowworm Cave is a highly visited cave where the highlight is viewing the bioluminescence display of a large colony of glowworms. The visitation levels result in the build-up of anthropogenic CO2, to the extent that it could cause corrosion of speleothems. The cave experiences chimney-effect ventilation with air flowing either upward or downward through the main cave chambers depending on air density differences between the cave and the outside environment. Lack of airflow leads to CO2 build-up; however, unrestricted airflow can draw in cool, dry air which is harmful to the glowworms. Consequently, airflow is managed by controlling the opening and closing of a door that seals the upper-most entrance, preventing ventilation under drying conditions and promoting ventilation when it is necessary to clear CO2 and when inflowing air has high relative humidity. A network of microclimate sensors in the cave allows prediction and management of the ventilation pattern. Management leads to asymmetric airflow through the year, which has a flow-on effect on cave temperature. Microclimate monitoring supports the current management practices that use door control to enhance cave ventilation when people are in the cave. Suppressing airflow, especially in winter, reduces the introduction of dry air.
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Mitchell, Renée J., and Stuart Lewis. "Intention is not method, belief is not evidence, rank is not proof." International Journal of Emergency Services 6, no. 3 (November 13, 2017): 188–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijes-04-2017-0018.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to argue that police research has reached a level of acceptance such that executive management has an ethical obligation to their communities to use evidence-based practices. Design/methodology/approach Using an Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) framework the authors apply an ethical-based decision-making model to policing decisions. EBM does not allow physicians to ignore research when giving guidance to patients. The authors compare the two professional approaches to decision making and argue policing has reached a level of research that if ignored, just like medicine, should be considered unethical. Police interventions can potentially be harmful. Rather than do no harm, the authors argue that police managers should implement practices that are the least harmful based on the current research. Findings The authors found policing has a substantial amount of research showing what works, what does not, and what looks promising to allow police executives to make decisions based on evidence rather than tradition, culture, or best practice. There is a deep enough fund of knowledge to enable law enforcement leadership to evaluate policies on how well the policies and procedures they enforce prevent crime with a minimum of harm to the communities they are sworn to protect and serve. Originality/value Policing has yet to view community interventions as potentially harmful. Realigning police ethics from a lying, cheating, stealing, lens to a “doing the least harm” lens can alter the practitioner’s view of why evidence-based policing is important. Viewing executive decision from an evidence-based ethical platform is the future of evaluating police executive decisions.
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Higgins, Niall, Samantha Keogh, and Claire Rickard. "Evaluation of a Pilot Educational Program on Safe and Effective Insertion and Management of Peripheral Intravenous Catheters." Journal of the Association for Vascular Access 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.java.2014.12.001.
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Abstract Peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) insertion and subsequent care have been highlighted as areas for improvement in the management of intravascular devices; however, only the fundamentals of PIVC care are routinely taught to registered nurses in Australia. In 2013, a vascular access-focused elective postgraduate course, Peripheral Intravenous Access and Care (8035NRS) was commenced for students enrolled in any of the Griffith University master's degree programs. It was developed with the intent to translate research knowledge into practice by providing access to the latest research findings and current best practices in peripheral intravenous access. Topics covered preinsertion, insertion, and postinsertion care and were developed for the online environment, which is known to be conducive to individual student learning styles. Learning activities included viewing short videos delivered by local and international clinical researchers. This course is the first known university-provided, postgraduate academic course on this subject in Australia, and possibly 1 of the few available internationally. The course succeeded in its aim of increasing knowledge and skills about safe, evidence-based PIVC insertion and care to registered nurses. Its development and implementation at the postgraduate level may be regarded as a strategy to provide a greater understanding regarding scope and relevance for nursing practice and for informed decision making on optimum integration at the undergraduate level. This ultimately will increase positive patient outcomes and the patient experience of vascular access.
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Quarpong, Wilhemina, Aileen Rivell, Katelyn Chiang, Terri McFadden, Belise Livingston-Burns, and Jean Welsh. "Fruit Juice and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Related Knowledge and Feeding Practices Among Parents of Infants and Young Toddlers." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac061.086.
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Abstract Objectives Current infant and young child feeding recommendations include a focus on sugar-containing beverages (SCBs). The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends delaying the introduction of fruit juice (FJ) until after age 12 months and limiting toddler consumption to 4 ounces/day, and the U.S. Dietary Guidelines advise avoiding sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) prior to age 2 years. Well-Child Visits (WCV) provide an opportunity to educate parents and promote recommended feeding practices. We aimed to describe the SCB-related knowledge and feeding practices of a sample of parents and the potential for using short videos during WCVs to provide early feeding related education. Methods A convenience sample of parents attending 4–15 month WCVs at a busy metro area clinic in Georgia completed a self-administered survey to assess their infant/young toddler feeding practices and their knowledge of SCB-related feeding recommendations. A sub-sample also reported on their perceptions of a 3-minute educational video viewed during the visit. Results Respondents (n = 105) were primarily women (87%), non-Hispanic/Latino (93%), and Black/African-American (95%). Some parents: 12% and 77% respectively, believed it OK to give infants FJ before 6 months and 12 months of age; 6% reported introducing FJ before 4 months. Among those with children ≥ 12 months (12–18 months; n = 36), 81% reported having given them FJ before 12 months; 25% reported giving them > 4 ounces FJ/day; and 56% had already given their child SSBs. Age of FJ introduction was not modified by presence of older sibling or age of parent. Few (5%) parents were aware of any expert recommendation related to FJ consumption. Most parents who viewed an education video during the WCV (n = 47) reported being able to focus on (74%), enjoy (85%), and learn something (83%) from it; 96% liked the video length, 74% felt watching it was a good use of their time, 45% perceived a change in their thinking after viewing the video. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that consumption of FJ among infants and SSBs among young toddlers is common, that parents are unaware of expert recommendations related to FJ consumption, and short videos present an opportunity to support parent education efforts during WCVs. Funding Sources The Global Center for Diabetes Translation Research, pilot grant program.
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Mavrovouniotis, Fotios. "Inactivity in Childhood and Adolescence: A Modern Lifestyle Associated with Adverse Health Consequences." Sport Science Review 21, no. 3-4 (August 1, 2012): 75–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10237-012-0011-9.
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Inactivity in Childhood and Adolescence: A Modern Lifestyle Associated with Adverse Health ConsequencesThe current era is characterized by kinetic limitation, both in children, and adolescents. Children today expend 400% less energy than did their counterparts of 40 years ago and are 40% less active than they were 30 years ago. Children and adolescents' today activity level is very low, while they spend their free time, mainly, in sedentary behaviours, such as tv viewing, and computer videogames playing. The average child or adolescent 2- to 18-years old spends on tv-videotapes watching or video games playing more than 5 hours per day. The lack of movement in children and adolescents' lives is one of the primary predisposing factors of increased morbidity, since many of the chronic diseases of adults are initiated in childhood. Approximately 40% of children aged 5 - 8 years old present increased risk factors for heart disease, such as obesity, hypertension and high total cholesterol, or for diabetes. These diseases are most often irreversible due to the continuous sedentary lifestyle that has been adopted by children. Moreover, significant relationships between inactivity and other adverse health practices, such as consumption of less-healthy foods or increased fat intake, as well as cigarette smoking that have been demonstrated in adolescents, predispose to cardiovascular disease. To sum up, inactivity represents a behaviour that is associated with adverse health consequences which initiate even though from childhood and follow children and adolescents throughout their lives.
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Segatti, Aurelia. "‘MOBUTU'S GHOST’: MOBILIZING AGAINST FOREIGN RETAILERS IN CONTEMPORARY CONGO." Africa 85, no. 1 (January 23, 2015): 13–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972014000758.
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ABSTRACTSince 2009, several unions of Congolese retailers have demanded the implementation of a 1973 law forbidding foreigners from operating small businesses and limiting their access to retail. Seemingly similar mobilizations have been observed elsewhere in Africa (Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa), but the Congolese situation remains undocumented to date. The current discursive patterns and social practices that have emerged from this mobilization call for a socio-political enquiry, interrogating their xenophobic undertones but also viewing them in relation to the distribution of power and emerging political subjectivities of post-Mobutuist urban contexts. Based on extensive fieldwork, combining ethnographic research with interviews with key informants, conducted in Kinshasa between 2010 and 2012, this study focuses on mobilization techniques, the web of representations they give rise to, and political actors involved in or resisting the movement. It reveals a complex type of nationalistic discourse that draws on historical and contemporary global sources, while also being influenced by Congo's ambivalent relationship to national identity in the post-Mobutuist period. The non-distinct xenophobic undertones of the discourse, while mostly directed towards Asians and Lebanese, also result in the systematic targeting of West African business operators. Yet, despite often xenophobic and virulent rhetoric, interactions between Congolese and foreign traders have mostly remained characterized by ‘peaceful coexistence’. Those Congolese and foreigners who have chosen to resist injunctions to exclude the latter from economic spaces thus directly question national citizenship as the main basis for political and economic membership in the city of Kinshasa.
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Hazzan, Afeez, Luvon Sheppard, and Joyce Hazzan. "ENGAGING AFRICAN AMERICAN FAMILY CAREGIVERS THROUGH ART AND CREATIVE ACTIVITIES: A CASE STUDY." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 542–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2058.
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Abstract Studies have shown that engaging family caregivers of people with dementia in creative activities can provide therapeutic benefits by relieving stress and promoting well-being. However, there is a dearth of studies focusing on the involvement of racial minority family caregivers of people with dementia in research involving art and creative activities. The purpose of this study is to present the results of a case study interview with an artist-educator-community collaborator who acted as a key facilitator for the ACTION ARTS study. The purpose of the ACTION ARTS study was to utilize mobile technology applications for facilitating creative activities to enhance health and well-being of African-American family caregivers and their loved ones in the middle-to-late stages of dementia. The study included activities such as memory stimulation, art viewing, art making, and other forms of creative expressions. The research question for the current case study was: What are the best practices for engaging African-American family caregivers of older adults in the middle-to-late stages of dementia in research involving art and creative activities? Thematic analysis of the qualitative data from the case study interview yielded the following recommendations/results (1) Design the program of art and/or creative activities in an easy way to facilitate interaction among participants; (2) Make the program as accessible and relevant as possible so everyone is able to relate to it; (3) Emphasize areas of commonality that could help in giving both the facilitators and participants food for thought.
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Smith, Timothy R., M. Maher Hulou, Sandra C. Yan, David J. Cote, Brian V. Nahed, Maya A. Babu, Sunit Das, et al. "Defensive medicine in neurosurgery: the Canadian experience." Journal of Neurosurgery 124, no. 5 (May 2016): 1524–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.6.jns15764.
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OBJECT Recent studies have examined the impact of perceived medicolegal risk and compared how this perception impacts defensive practices within the US. To date, there have been no published data on the practice of defensive medicine among neurosurgeons in Canada. METHODS An online survey containing 44 questions was sent to 170 Canadian neurosurgeons and used to measure Canadian neurosurgeons’ perception of liability risk and their practice of defensive medicine. The survey included questions on the following domains: surgeon demographics, patient characteristics, type of physician practice, surgeon liability profile, policy coverage, defensive behaviors, and perception of the liability environment. Survey responses were analyzed and summarized using counts and percentages. RESULTS A total of 75 neurosurgeons completed the survey, achieving an overall response rate of 44.1%. Over one-third (36.5%) of Canadian neurosurgeons paid less than $5000 for insurance annually. The majority (87%) of Canadian neurosurgeons felt confident with their insurance coverage, and 60% reported that they rarely felt the need to practice defensive medicine. The majority of the respondents reported that the perceived medicolegal risk environment has no bearing on their preferred practice location. Only 1 in 5 respondent Canadian neurosurgeons (21.8%) reported viewing patients as a potential lawsuit. Only 4.9% of respondents would have selected a different career based on current medicolegal risk factors, and only 4.1% view the cost of annual malpractice insurance as a major burden. CONCLUSIONS Canadian neurosurgeons perceive their medicolegal risk environment as more favorable and their patients as less likely to sue than their counterparts in the US do. Overall, Canadian neurosurgeons engage in fewer defensive medical behaviors than previously reported in the US.