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Books on the topic 'Current variability'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Green, Eugene, and Charles F. Meyer, eds. The Variability of Current World Englishes. Berlin, Boston: DE GRUYTER, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110352108.

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2

P, Smirnov N., ed. Structure and variability of the Antarctic circumpolar current. New Delhi: Oxonian Press, 1985.

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3

Sarukhani͡an, Ė I. Structure and variability of the Antarctic circumpolar current. Edited by Smirnov N. P. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 1986.

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4

Han, Guoqi. Scotian slope current variability from TOPEX/Poseidon altimetry. St. John's, Newfoundland: Biological and Physical Oceanography Section, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 2002.

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5

Sarukhani︠a︡n, Ė. I. Structure and Variability of the Antartic Circumpolar Current. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 1986.

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6

Donato, Joseph R. Seasonal variability in the California Current, a DIECAST model study. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1998.

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7

Rosenfeld, Leslie Karen. Tidal based current variability over the Northern California continental shelf. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1987.

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8

Porter, Julia. The vulnerability of Fiji to current climate variability and future change. North Ryde, N.S.W., Australia: Climate Impacts Centre, School of Earth Sciences, Macquarie University, 1994.

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9

Allan, Rob. El Niño Southern Oscillation and climatic variability. Collingwood, Vict: CSIRO PUblishing, 1996.

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10

Christou, Nikolaos Theodoros. On the space-time ocean current variability and its effects on the length-of-day. Fredericton, N.B: Dept. of Surveying Engineering, University of New Brunswick, 1989.

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11

Walker, Nan D. Investigation of pressure and pressure gradients along the Louisiana/Texas inner shelf and their relationships to wind forcing and current variability. [New Orleans, La.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, 2001.

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12

Weigel, Alan M. Mesoscale variability in the west Spitsbergen Current and adjacent waters in Fram Strait: By Alan M. Weigel. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1987.

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13

Romme, W. H. Historical range of variability and current landscape condition analysis: south central highlands section, southwestern Colorado & northwestern New Mexicao. Fort Collins, Colo: Colorado Forest Restoration Institute, 2009.

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14

Rosenzweig, Cynthia. Climate variability and the global harvest: Impacts of El Nino and other oscillations on agroecosystems. United States: Oxford U Pr, N Y, 2008.

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15

Chen, Changsheng. Variability of currents in Great South Channel and over Georges Bank: Observation and modeling. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1992.

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16

Voulgaris, George. Spatial variability of bottom turbulence over a linear sand ridge mooring deployment and AUTOSUB AUV survey cruise report R/V RRS Challenger, cruise number 146, Broken Bank, North Sea, U.K., 17th-28th August 1999 cruise report. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2001.

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17

Roesler, Collin Stevens. Zooplankton variability in the California current, 1951-1982. 1987.

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18

Besina, Daniel. Variability in Perspectives on Current Issues in Social Sciences. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2019.

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19

Besina, Daniel. Variability in Perspectives on Current Issues in Social Sciences. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2019.

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20

Besina, Daniel. Variability in Perspectives on Current Issues in Social Sciences. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2019.

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21

Besina, Daniel. Variability in Perspectives on Current Issues in Social Sciences. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2019.

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22

Seasonal Variability in the California Current, a Diecast Model Study. Storming Media, 1998.

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23

Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.), ed. Towards a study of synoptic-scale variability of the California current system. Pasadena, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1985.

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24

Welling, Leigh A. Radiolarian microfauna in the northern California current system: Spatial and temporal variability and implications for paleoceanographic reconstructions. 1990.

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25

Rosenzweig, Cynthia, and Daniel Hillel. Climate Variability and the Global Harvest. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195137637.001.0001.

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The Earth's climate is constantly changing. Some of the changes are progressive, while others fluctuate at various time scales. The El Niño-la Niña cycle is one such fluctuation that recurs every few years and has far-reaching impacts. It generally appears at least once per decade, but this may vary with our changing climate. The exact frequency, sequence, duration and intensity of El Niño's manifestations, as well as its effects and geographic distributions, are highly variable. The El Niño-la Niña cycle is particularly challenging to study due to its many interlinked phenomena that occur in various locations around the globe. These worldwide teleconnections are precisely what makes studying El Niño-la Niña so important. Cynthia Rosenzweig and Daniel Hillel describe the current efforts to develop and apply a global-to-regional approach to climate-risk management. They explain how atmospheric and social scientists are cooperating with agricultural practitioners in various regions around the world to determine how farmers may benefit most from new climate predictions. Specifically, the emerging ability to predict the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle offers the potential to transform agricultural planning worldwide. Biophysical scientists are only now beginning to recognize the large-scale, globally distributed impacts of ENSO on the probabilities of seasonal precipitation and temperature regimes. Meanwhile, social scientists have been researching how to disseminate forecasts more effectively within rural communities. Consequently, as the quality of climatic predictions have improved, the dissemination and presentation of forecasts have become more effective as well. This book explores the growing understanding of the interconnectedness of climate predictions and productive agriculture for sustainable development, as well as methods and models used to study this relationship.
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26

Climate Variability and the Global Harvest: Impacts of El Nino and Other Oscillations on Agro-Ecosystems. Oxford University Press, USA, 2007.

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27

Wangui, Edna. Adaptation to Current and Future Climate in Pastoral Communities Across Africa. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.604.

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Pastoralists around the world are exposed to climate change and increasing climate variability. Various downscaled regional climate models in Africa support community reports of rising temperatures as well as changes in the seasonality of rainfall and drought. In addition to climate, pastoralists have faced a second exposure to unsupportive policy environments. Dating back to the colonial period, a lack of knowledge about pastoralism and a systemic marginalization of pastoral communities influenced the size and nature of government investments in pastoral lands. National governments prioritized farming communities and failed to pay adequate attention to drylands and pastoral communities. The limited government interventions that occurred were often inconsistent with contemporary realities of pastoralism and pastoral communities. These included attempts at sedentarization and modernization, and in other ways changing the priorities and practices of pastoral communities.The survival of pastoral communities in Africa in the context of this double exposure has been a focus for scholars, development practitioners, as well as national governments in recent years. Scholars initially drew attention to pastoralists’ drought-coping strategies, and later examined the multiple ways in which pastoralists manage risk and exploit unpredictability. It has been learned that pastoralists are rational land managers whose experience with variable climate has equipped them with the skills needed for adaptation. Pastoralists follow several identifiable adaptation paths, including diversification and modification of their herds and herding strategies; adoption of livelihood activities that did not previously play a permanent role; and a conscious decision to train the next generation for nonpastoral livelihoods. Ongoing government interventions around climate change still prioritize cropping over herding. Sometimes, such nationally supported adaptation plans can undermine community-based adaptation practices, autonomously evolving within pastoral communities. Successful adaptation hinges on recognition of the value of autonomous adaptation and careful integration of such adaptation with national plans.
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28

Jiménez, Hernán Eduardo García. On the large-scale characteristics, fluxes, and variability of the North Atlantic Deep Water and its deep western boundary current deduced from nutrient and oxygen data. 1996.

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29

Jiménez, Hernán Eduardo García. On the large-scale characteristics, fluxes, and variability of the North Atlantic Deep Water and its deep western boundary current deduced from nutrient and oxygen data. 1996.

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30

Malanotte-Rizzoli, Paola, Gianluca Eusebi Borzelli, Miroslav Gacic, and Piero Lionello. Mediterranean Sea: Temporal Variability and Spatial Patterns. American Geophysical Union, 2014.

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31

Malanotte-Rizzoli, Paola, Gianluca Eusebi Borzelli, Miroslav Gacic, and Piero Lionello. Mediterranean Sea: Temporal Variability and Spatial Patterns. American Geophysical Union, 2014.

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32

Jaffer, Amina, Anant Patel, and John Hurst. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199657742.003.0006.

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This chapter discusses the case of a 70-year-old man with his first presentation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This case is used as a basis to explore and describe the diagnosis, investigation, and management of this condition. The chapter includes the evidence base and relative guidelines that support current practice, as well as highlighting useful learning points and providing expert opinion. The role of lung volume reduction surgery is discussed, and its potential benefits in selected patients highlighted. Phenotypic variability within chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is increasingly recognized, and this is discussed, including the implications on current management and future research.
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33

The Mediterranean Sea: Temporal Variability and Spatial Patterns. American Geophysical Union, 2014.

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34

Haig, Geoffrey. Deconstructing Iranian Ergativity. Edited by Jessica Coon, Diane Massam, and Lisa Demena Travis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739371.013.20.

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This chapter provides an overview of the alignment splits found in most Iranian languages, focussing on their historical emergence, and their currently attested variability. Following Haig (2008), the origins of ergativity in Iranian are linked to pre-existing, non-canonical subject constructions typically involving Benefactives, External Possessors, and Experiencers, which then extended to clauses with participial predicates expressing agentive semantics. The current variation found in the ergative-like constructions is illustrated through three case-studies of dialectal microvariation: Kurdish, Balochi, and Taleshi. It is argued that the variation in the ergative constructions of the modern languages should be viewed as resulting from the interplay of partially independent changes working through distinct sub-systems, in particular case-marking, agreement, and pronominal clitic systems, rather than in terms of monolithic shifts from one alignment type to another. From this perspective, ergativity is merely a taxonomic label for a particular constellation of case and agreement features, with no more theoretical significance than any of the other attested constellations.
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35

D, Miller Christopher, United States. Minerals Management Service. Pacific OCS Region., and Greenhorne & O'Mara., eds. An Initial statistical characterization of the variability of coastal winds and currents. [California]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Pacific OCS Region, 1991.

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36

D, Miller Christopher, United States. Minerals Management Service. Pacific OCS Region., and Greenhorne & O'Mara., eds. An Initial statistical characterization of the variability of coastal winds and currents. [California]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Pacific OCS Region, 1991.

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37

Jolie, Edward A., and Laurie D. Webster. Perishable Technologies. Edited by Barbara Mills and Severin Fowles. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199978427.013.34.

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The American Southwest is renowned for its excellent preservation of perishable organic artifacts in dry alcoves and cliff dwellings. This chapter discusses past research on and current trends in the study of perishable artifacts such as textiles, baskets, mats, footwear, and worked wood and hides from Southwest archaeological sites. Following a review of prior research, the chapter details the salient research objectives and outcomes of studies investigating the importance of perishable technologies. Prominent research themes include perishables in daily life, the potential for perishable artifact technological and stylistic variability to inform on social interaction, boundaries, and identities, and the role of perishables in ritual practice.
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38

Park, Robert, and S. Brooke Milne. Pre-Dorset Culture. Edited by Max Friesen and Owen Mason. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766956.013.39.

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This chapter summarizes our current understanding of the widespread and diverse Pre-Dorset culture, known from the central and eastern parts of the Canadian Arctic between 4500 and 2700 B.P. The Pre-Dorset were mobile foragers, moving across the landscape to exploit seasonally available land and sea mammals in different locales, although the extent of their movements varied considerably. The lithic component of their technology has been more intensively studied than the organic component due to differential preservation; it too is characterized by considerable variability. The chapter summarizes the finds from several sites and explores the difficulty in defining Pre-Dorset as a single cohesive entity due both to its history of research and its enormous geographic extent.
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39

Prasad, Konasale M. Course, Prognosis, and Outcomes of Schizophrenia and Related Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199331505.003.0004.

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Course and outcome in schizophrenia and related disorders historically depend on diagnostic conceptualizations, with significant variability even across individuals with the exact same diagnosis. In this chapter, we will review the heterogeneity of course and outcome, providing some context in terms of factors that affect prognosis. Generally speaking, current outcomes are better than previously thought, with three-quarters of individuals having a good prognosis. Although these illnesses cannot be cured, we know that recovery is possible. The best predictors of outcome in schizophrenia are cognitive and negative symptoms (not positive symptoms), along with premorbid functioning, duration of untreated psychosis, and treatment adherence over time. Finally, we will touch on functional outcomes such as risk of violence and suicide, as well as issues around treatment discontinuation.
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40

D, Miller Christopher, United States. Minerals Management Service. Pacific OCS Region., and Greenhorne & O'Mara., eds. An Initial statistical characterization of the variability of coastal winds and currents: Executive summary. [California]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Pacific OCS Region, 1991.

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41

An Investigation of Diurnal Variability in Wind and Ocean Currents Off Huntington Beach, California. Storming Media, 2003.

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42

Jacobsen, Dean, and Olivier Dangles. Community dynamics in highland watersheds. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198736868.003.0006.

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Chapter 6 presents the interaction between space and time in determining the organization of natural communities in high altitude heterogeneous waterscapes. After explaining why high altitude waters represent suitable models for examining metacommunity organization, the chapter focuses on dispersal—a central process to allow colonization and establishment of populations in remote localities and to counter local extinctions. Community organization patterns are then described for a variety of organisms living in high altitude waters, from microbes to invertebrates to fish and birds. These patterns reveal that both environmental and spatial variables are generally involved in species assembling. Examples of studies on directional spatial processes (e.g. through wind and water flow), waterscape genetics, and temporal variability (synchrony/asynchrony) are highlighted as promising research areas to increase the current knowledge on high altitude metacommunity dynamics.
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43

Laugen, Nina Jakhelln. Psychosocial Development of Hard-of-Hearing Preschool Children. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190880545.003.0019.

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In some respects, hard-of-hearing children experience the same difficulties as deaf children, whereas other challenges might be easier or more difficult to handle for the hard-of-hearing child than it would be for the deaf child. Research has revealed great variability in the language, academic, and psychosocial outcomes of hard-of-hearing children. Universal newborn hearing screening enables early identification and intervention for this group, which traditionally has been diagnosed rather late; however, best practices regarding the scope and content of early intervention have not yet been sufficiently described for hard-of-hearing children. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge concerning psychosocial development in hard-of-hearing children. Risk and protective factors, and their implications for early intervention, are discussed with a special emphasis on preschoolers.
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44

Holdt, Lesca M., and Daniel Teupser. Genetic background of atherosclerosis and its risk factors. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0002.

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This chapter is concerned with how atherosclerosis risk is modulated by a complex interplay between genetic and environmental risk factors. The contribution of genetics to the variability of atherosclerosis risk is estimated as 50%. Recent genome-wide association studies have led to the identification of over 50 gene variants which modulate atherogenesis. Risk factors for atherosclerosis are also partly genetically determined and some of the variants which play a role in atherogenesis overlap with those modulating its risk factors. However, the current relevance of these findings for clinical practice is limited, mainly due to the small effect sizes of identified risk variants with insufficient discriminatory power, and a large portion of the genetic contribution to atherosclerosis is still unknown. The major promise therefore lies in understanding the pathophysiology of newly identified genes with the perspective of novel therapeutic approaches.
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45

Baxter-Jones, Adam DG. Growth and maturation. Edited by Neil Armstrong and Willem van Mechelen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.003.0002.

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As children grow they increase in size and maturity. While growth refers to changes in size and complexity of tissue composition, maturation is the progressive achievement of adult status. A child’s growth status is an important determinant of current and lifelong health. Regular physical activity is required to obtain optimal growth. Normal healthy children show the same patterns of growth in terms of attainment of size and changes in proportionality. However, growth is not a linear process; the speed of statural growth decreases during infancy, is relatively constant during childhood, and accelerates during adolescence before slowing down in emerging adulthood. Although the patterns of growth are similar in all individuals, the timing and tempo of growth shows vast variability both within and between sexes. Thus it is important to remember that the effects of growth and maturation may mask or be greater than the effects of exercise.
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46

Voigt-Zimmermann, Susanne, Stephanie Kurtenbach, Gabriele Finkbeinder, Anke Bergt, and Wanda Mainka, eds. Stimmstörungen – ein Fokus der Klinischen Sprechwissenschaft : Aktuelle Beiträge aus Wissenschaft, Forschung und Praxis. Frank & Timme, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.26530/20.500.12657/42799.

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Working on the voice, whether diagnosticly, therapeuticly, preventively or restoratively, is and will remain one of the core areas of clinical speech science. The authors of this volume provide information on current vocal research results, interdisciplinary projects and central and marginal aspects of the voice, its variability, disease, diagnosis and therapy. For example, it is about the child's handling of the voice, voice training for transsexuals, the aesthetics of radio voices and special phenomena such as yodelling or overtone singing. Susanne Voigt-Zimmermann, Dr. phil., ENT clinic of the Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg. Stephanie Kurtenbach, Dr. phil., Seminar for Speech Science and Phonetics at the MLU Halle-Wittenberg. Gabriele Finkbeiner, Practice for Speech Therapy Oswald, Rüdersdorf near Berlin, Chairwoman of DBKS e. V. Anke Bergt, Lebenshilfe-Werk Weimar / Apolda e. V., deputy chairwoman of DBKS e. V. Wanda Mainka, Neurological Specialist Hospital for Movement Disorders / Parkinson's, Beelitz-Heilstätten.
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47

Holland, John J. Genetic Diversity of Rna Viruses (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology). Springer, 1992.

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48

Wackerhage, Henning, Jonathon Smith, and Darren Wisniewski. Molecular exercise physiology. Edited by Neil Armstrong and Willem van Mechelen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.003.0031.

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Molecular exercise physiology is the study of exercise physiology using molecular biology methods. The development of differentiated cell types is regulated by transcription factors like the muscle-making MyoD that specifies cell type, while others regulate the development of muscle, tendons, and bones. Maternal nutrition and exercise commonly affect embryonic development through epigenetic mechanisms. Adaptation to exercise involves sensor proteins detecting exercise-related signals, the processing of signals by signalling proteins and networks, and the regulation of the actual adaptations by effector proteins. Many sport- and exercise-related traits depend on both common and rare DNA sequence variations, including the muscle mass-increasing myostatin (GDF8) loss-of-function and the haematocrit-increasing EPOR gain-of-function mutations. Additionally, common DNA sequence variations contribute to the inherited variability of development, body height, strength, and endurance. Finally, in addition to ethical concerns, current genetic performance tests only explain a fraction of the variation of sport and exercise-related traits.
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49

Montgomery, Jr, Erwin B. Deep Brain Stimulation Programming. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259600.001.0001.

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This second edition of the book continues the basic premise that a thorough knowledge of the mechanisms by which neurons respond to electrical stimulation, how to control the stimulation and the regional anatomy allows the Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) programmer to effectively and efficiently help patients reach optimal control of their disorder. There are a great many variables that influence the patient’s response to DBS, such as the exact nature of the patient’s individual symptoms and disabilities and the variability of the surgical placement of stimulating leads. The complexity has expanded because rapid increases in technology, both current and anticipated. The book makes no assumptions as to the prior knowledge or expertise. As the brain fundamentally is an electrical device, the book begins explaining the relevant electronics, building a nearly intuitive knowledge of how electrons are affected by electrical and magnetic forces and how the actions of the programmer controls electrical charges that ultimately activate neurons, which themselves are electrical devices.
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50

Norrgård, Stefan. Changes in Precipitation Over West Africa During Recent Centuries. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.536.

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Water, not temperature, governs life in West Africa, and the region is both temporally and spatially greatly affected by rainfall variability. Recent rainfall anomalies, for example, have greatly reduced crop productivity in the Sahel area. Rainfall indices from recent centuries show that multidecadal droughts reoccur and, furthermore, that interannual rainfall variations are high in West Africa. Current knowledge of historical rainfall patterns is, however, fairly limited. A detailed rainfall chronology of West Africa is currently only available from the beginning of the 19th century. For the 18th century and earlier, the records are still sporadic, and an interannual rainfall chronology has so far only been obtained for parts of the Guinea Coast. Thus, there is a need to extend the rainfall record to fully understand past precipitation changes in West Africa.The main challenge when investigating historical rainfall variability in West Africa is the scarcity of detailed and continuous data. Readily available meteorological data barely covers the last century, whereas in Europe and the United States for example, the data sometimes extend back two or more centuries. Data availability strongly correlates with the historical development of West Africa. The strong oral traditions that prevailed in the pre-literate societies meant that only some of the region’s history was recorded in writing before the arrival of the Europeans in the 16th century. From the 19th century onwards, there are, therefore, three types of documents available, and they are closely linked to the colonization of West Africa. These are: official records started by the colonial governments continuing to modern day; regular reporting stations started by the colonial powers; and finally, temporary nongovernmental observations of various kinds. For earlier periods, the researcher depends on noninstrumental observations found in letters, reports, or travel journals made by European slave traders, adventurers, and explorers. Spatially, these documents are confined to the coastal areas, as Europeans seldom ventured inland before the mid-1800s. Thus, the inland regions are generally poorly represented. Arabic chronicles from the Sahel provide the only source of information, but as historical documents, they include several spatiotemporal uncertainties. Climate researchers often complement historical data with proxy-data from nature’s own archives. However, the West African environment is restrictive. Reliable proxy-data, such as tree-rings, cannot be exploited effectively. Tropical trees have different growth patterns than trees in temperate regions and do not generate growth rings in the same manner. Sediment cores from Lake Bosumtwi in Ghana have provided, so far, the best centennial overview when it comes to understanding precipitation patterns during recent centuries. These reveal that there have been considerable changes in historical rainfall patterns—West Africa may have been even drier than it is today.
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