Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Current standard'
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Lindsey, Bradley P. Landsman Wayne R. Maydew Edward L. "A value relevance examination of the current leasing standard." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,381.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Kenan- Flagler Business School (Accounting)." Discipline: Business Administration; Department/School: Business School, Kenan-Flagler.
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Sauvan, E. "Petit périple aux confins du modèle standard avec HERA." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439880.
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Rebane, Martin, and Martin Kolga. "Timberland valuation : Current theory and practice in Estonia and Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-101486.
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In some countries forests are state or community owned and there is no market for forest land. However, in many countries timberland can be privately owned and thus there exists an active market for it. In Estonia and Sweden private timberland ownership is very high, 54% and 66% of the total timberland area respectively. Since property transactions in general require valuations, the need for timberland valuations is high in these countries. There are several timberland valuation approaches discussed and analysed in timberland valuation literature. Three of the most prominent approaches are the income approach, the sales comparison approach and the cost approach. Although timberland valuation is well-founded in theory, it is often rather different in practice. The timberland valuation methods as well as the underlying assumptions in the methods can vary significantly across countries and regions. The dissimilarities and confusion in timberland valuations are, at least to some extent, related to the circumstance that existing valuation standards comprehend very little guidance regarding timberland appraisal. The thesis in hand is a comparative case study, in which the same interview questions were asked from several timberland appraisers in Estonia and Sweden in order to find out how timberland is appraised in these countries. It was found that the timberland valuation approaches used within a country are rather similar, but differ when comparing Estonia with Sweden. The assumptions used in the valuation approaches vary between countries as well as across companies within a country. In Estonia 3 the appraisers use only the income approach to value a timberland, while in Sweden the appraisers use both the comparable sales approach and the income approach. There are, however, substantial differences in the way the income method is carried out in each country. In Sweden the appraisers use the income approach, to a great extent, in accordance with scientific literature, which cannot be said about the Estonian appraisers. The main differences in the income approach across the countries are the future cash flow treatment, the premerchantable timber value treatment and the length of the time period in the income approach. Along with many other details about timberland valuation practises in Estonia and Sweden, the study also found that none of the appraisers are using the uncertainty intervals in their valuation reports. The consistency and solidarity of Swedish timberland valuation practice results from the existence of the guidelines and recommendations along with the valuation program provided by the National Land Survey of Sweden. Latter is a clear sign of the importance of valuation standards and guidelines.
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Kachanovich, Aliaksei [Verfasser], and U. [Akademischer Betreuer] Nierste. "Flavour-changing neutral current processes beyond the Standard Model / Aliaksei Kachanovich ; Betreuer: U. Nierste." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/123047577X/34.
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Joyner, Kate. "Health care for intimate partner violence : current standard of care and development of protocol management." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2515.
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Thesis (DPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The World Health Organisation recognises intimate partner violence (IPV) to be of major consequence to women’s mental and physical health, yet in South Africa it remains a neglected area of care. Within a professional action research framework, this study implemented a previously recommended South African protocol for the screening and holistic management of IPV in women in order to test its feasibility and to adapt it for use in the primary health care (PHC) sector of the Western Cape. It also aimed to identify the current nature of care offered to female survivors of IPV. Thirdly, it aimed to learn from the process of training and supporting (nurse) researchers who were new to the action research paradigm and methodology. Successfully implementing and evaluating a complex health intervention in the current PHC scenario required a flexible methodology which could enable real engagement with, and a creative response to, the issues as they emerged. Guided by the British Medical Research Council’s framework for development and evaluation of randomised controlled trials for complex health interventions (Medical Research Council, 2000, p.3), this study was positioned within the modelling phase. Professional action research used a co-operative inquiry group process as the overarching method with the usual cycles of action, observation, reflection and planning. Altogether five co-researchers were involved in implementing the protocol and were members of the inquiry group. A number of techniques were used to observe and reflect on experience, including participant interviews, key informant interviews, focus groups with health care providers at each site, quantitative data from the medical records and protocol, field notes and academic literature.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Wêreld Gesondheidsorganisasie erken dat geweldpleging in intieme verhoudings (“intimate partner violence”, of IPV) ‘n groot impak het op vroue se geestes- en fisiese gesondheid, terwyl dit ʼn verwaarloosde area van sorg in Suid-Afrika is. Binne ‘n professionele aksie-navorsingsraamwerk, implementeer hierdie studie ‘n voorheen aanbevole Suid-Afrikaanse protokol vir die sifting en holistiese hantering van IPV by vroue om die uitvoerbaarheid daarvan te toets en om dit aan te pas vir gebruik in die primêre gesondheidsorgsektor (PGS) van die Wes-Kaap. Die projek poog ook om die huidige aard van sorg wat aan vroulike oorlewendes van IPV beskikbaar is, te identifiseer. Derdens het dit ook ten doel om te leer van die proses van opleiding en ondersteuning van (verpleeg-) navorsers vir wie die aksie-navorsingsparadigma en methodologie nuut was. Suksesvolle implementering en evaluering van ‘n komplekse gesondheidsintervensie in die huidige PGS scenario vereis ‘n buigsame methodologie wat betrokkenheid met, en ‘n kreatiewe respons tot, kwessies soos wat dit ontwikkel, moontlik maak. Gelei deur die Britse Mediese Navorsingsraad se raamwerk vir die ontwikkeling en evaluering van ewekansige gekontroleerde proewe vir komplekse gesondheidsintervensies (Mediese Navorsingsraad, 2000, bl.3), was hierdie studie binne die modelleringsfase geposisioneer. Professionele aksienavorsing het ‘n gekoördineerde ondersoekgroep as die oorkoepelende metode - met die normale siklusse van aksie, waarneming, reflektering en beplanning - gebruik. Altesaam vyf mede-navorsers wat lede van die ondersoekgroep was, was betrokke in die implementering van die protokol. ‘n Aantal tegnieke is gebruik om waar te neem en te reflekteer op ervarings, insluitend deelnemersonderhoude, sleutel-informant onderhoude, fokusgroepe met gesondheidsorgverskaffers by elke fasiliteit, kwantitatiewe data van die mediese verslae en protokol, veldnotas en akademiese literatuur.
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Farmer, Brooke Michael. "Wake Forest University Art Collection: Current State and Recommendations for Future Use." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/19.
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The Wake Forest University Art Collection consists of nearly 1300 works of art of various media dating from the fifteenth century to today that are divided into nine distinct collections. Assessing the current state of the Collection, this thesis project evaluates the art historical significance of the Collection using select museum quality works of art and then proceeds with a discussion of collections management, including the topics of acquisition, accession, and risk management. Environmental conditions in Collection facilities are measured against widely accepted museum standards. Use of the Collection as an educational resource by the University and surrounding community is compromised by a variety of factors, including issues of accessibility and security. General recommendations to improve the current state of the Collection include adapting collections management policies and procedures to standard museum practices and the creation of a permanent museum space and staff.
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Berg, Anthon, and Felicia Svantesson. "Is your electric vehicle plotting against you? : An investigation of the ISO 15118 standard and current security implementations." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-44918.
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Electric vehicles are revolutionizing the way we travel. Climate change and policies worldwide are pushing the vehicle market towards a more sustainable future through electric vehicles. However, can these solutions be considered safe and secure? Because of the entirely new attack vector that is charging, many new security concerns are present in this new type of vehicle that did not exist in combustion engine vehicles. Here, a literature study of the current situation surrounding electric vehicle charging and the ISO 15118 standard is presented. In addition to this, a risk analysis of currently implemented solutions for electric vehicle charging is also presented. The purpose is to unveil what weaknesses that are present in modern electric vehicle communication standards and how secure electric vehicles on the road today really are. The results indicate that there are vulnerabilities present in electric vehicles today that require radical improvements to the charging security to provide a safer way of traveling for the future. A list of proposed countermeasures to found vulnerabilities as well as verification methods are also presented as part of this paper. The comprehensive study presented here acts as an excellent foundation for future projects but also for organizations to address critical areas within charging security.
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Berakis, Michael T. "The connection between the current penetration based national ambient air quality standard and dose can be considered questionable." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1111.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 301 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 146-48).
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Watkins, Fred P. "Independent Feature Filmmaking: the Historical Development of Current Methods." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500788/.
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The historical development of independent filmmaking has led to a situation in which an independent filmmaker must do two important things to achieve distribution and success. The filmmaker should continue study and mastery of the skills and methodologies needed in development, pre-production, production, post-production, and distribution. These skills and methods help the filmmaker to produce a quality film. The most important thing the filmmaker can do is to see that the film conforms to the Hollywood narrative standard. This standard is ingrained in a majority of the audience and deviation usually meets resistance. The standard not only includes story structure, but the use of name actors and some elements of physical action.
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Burrage, Anna Lucy. "A study of radiative charged current interactions in ep collisions." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343862.
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Shaheed, Rawaa. "3D Numerical Modelling of Secondary Current in Shallow River Bends and Confluences." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34922.
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Secondary currents are one of the important features that characterize flow in river bends and confluences. Fluid particles follow a helical path instead of moving nearly parallel to the axis of the channel. The local imbalance between the vertically varying centrifugal force and the cross-stream pressure gradient results in generating the secondary flow and raising a typical motion of the helical flow. A number of studies, including experimental or mathematical, have been conducted to examine flow characteristics in curved open channels, river meanders, or confluences. In this research, the influence of secondary currents is studied on the elevation of water surface and the hydraulic structures in channel bends and confluences by employing a 3D OpenFOAM numerical model.
The research implements the 3D OpenFOAM numerical model to simulate the horizontal distribution of the flow in curved rivers. In addition, the progress in unraveling and understanding the bend dynamics is considered. The finite volume method in (OpenFOAM) software is used to simulate and examine the behavior of secondary current in channel bends and confluences. Thereafter, a comparison between the experimental data and a numerical model is conducted. Two sets of experimental data are used; the data provided by Rozovskii (1961) for sharply curved channel, and the dataset provided by Shumate (1998) for confluent channel.
Two solvers in (OpenFOAM) software were selected to solve the problem regarding the experiment; InterFoam and PisoFoam. The InterFoam is a transient solver for incompressible flow that is used with open channel flow and Free Surface Model. The PisoFoam is a transient solver for incompressible flow that is used with closed channel flow and Rigid-Lid Model. Various turbulence models (i.e. Standard k-ε, Realizable k-ε, LRR, and LES) are applied in the numerical model to assess the accuracy of turbulence models in predicting the behaviour of the flow in channel bends and confluences. The accuracies of various turbulence models are examined and discussed.
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Vadnerkar, Sarang. "An Algorithm for the design of a programmable current mode filter cell." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1261601029.
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Lewis, Andrew Peter. "Muscle impairment in cerebral palsy : does the current 'standard' method of simulating muscle activations during human walking produce valid results?" Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/muscle-impairment-in-cerebral-palsy(3b54bd41-f1e3-4077-b9fe-4105c22552b4).html.
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It has been proposed that musculo-skeletal modelling techniques may provide new tools for use in clinical gait analysis to help our understanding of the role of muscles and tendons in movement dysfunction. Sensitivity and validity analyses are necessary and important steps in achieving this goal. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate SimTrack, a workflow for generating muscle driven simulations of movement embedded within the 3D musculo-skeletal modelling software package OpenSim (Delp et al., 2007). Walking in both pathological (cerebral palsy) and typically developing subjects was analysed. If muscle activations can be accurately determined using such techniques, advanced simulation methods may be used to determine the mechanical potential of muscles in these groups and therefore help identify muscles in subjects with cerebral palsy that cannot make significant contribution to support and progression in walking. Ten typically developing adolescents and ten independently ambulant adolescents with cerebral palsy were recruited and the following data collected: MRI of the lower-limbs; 2D-ultrasound of a number of lower limb muscles; 3D motion, electromyography and ground-reaction-force data of the subjects’ walking patterns. The muscle morphology of subjects in the two groups were assessed and this data was used to inform 3D musculo-skeletal models. Each model’s muscle activations were allowed to vary to track the subject’s recorded walking pattern and the sensitivities of these simulated activations to changes in model muscle strength were tested over a normative range. The validity of the simulated activations were then determined by comparison with experimental electromyographic data. In the case group, muscle volumes were found to be smaller (principally in the distal musculature) and physiological cross-sectional areas were found to be larger in the thigh and smaller in the shank than the control group. The musculo-skeletal model was insensitive to changes in muscle strength. All simulated activations were found to be invalid. The results suggest that the application of SimTrack to the understanding of normal and pathological gait may be compromised by an inability to generate valid muscle activations.
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Heim, Marcus Edwin Allan. "ANALYSIS OF MOS CURRENT MODE LOGIC (MCML) AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MCML STANDARD CELL LIBRARY FOR LOW-NOISE DIGITAL CIRCUIT DESIGN." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1422.
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MOS current mode logic (MCML) offers low noise digital circuits that reduce noise that can cripple analog components in mixed-signal integrated circuits, when compared to CMOS digital circuits. An MCML standard cell library was developed for the Cadence Virtuoso Integrated Circuit (IC) design software that gives IC designers the ability to design complex, low noise digital circuits for use in mixed-signal and noise sensitive systems at a high level of abstraction, allowing them to get superior products to market faster than competitors. The MCML standard cell library developed and presented here allows for fast development of mixed signal circuits by providing quiet digital building block gates that reduce the simultaneous switching noise (SSN) by an order of magnitude over conventional CMOS based designs [3]. This thesis project developed the following digital gates in MCML as a standard cell library for general-purpose low noise and very low noise applications: inverter, buffer, NAND, AND, NOR, OR, XOR, NXOR, 2:1 MUX, CMOS to MCML, MCML to CMOS, and double edge triggered flip-flop (DETFF).
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Eygi, Zeynep Deniz. "The Standard Model Analyasis Of The Cp Violation In The Inclusive Semileptonic B-meson Decays." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604712/index.pdf.
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Being a flavor changing neutral current process, inclusive semileptonic B- meson decays provide reliable testing grounds for the Standard Model at the loop level. They are also importanat in the CKM phenomology and investing the CP violation due to the existence of sizable interference terms in the decay amplitude. In this work , the rare inclusive semileptonic B- meson decays for (lepton is electron ,muon , tau) are investigated in the context of the Standard Model.The differential branching ratio, forward-backward asymmetry ,CP &ndashviolating asymmetry and CP &ndash
violating asymmetry in the forward-backward asymmetry in these processes are examined.The dependencies of these physical parameters on the Standard Model parametres are analyzed by paying a special attention to the long distance effects. Although the branching ratios predicted for the inclusive semileptonic B- meson decays are relatively small because of CKM suppression , it has been found that there is a significant ACP and ACP(AFB) for these processes.
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SILVA, MÁRCIO THELIO FERNANDES DA. "DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT OF A STANDARD FOR HIGH VOLTAGE IN DIRECT CURRENT IN THE RANGE OF 1 KV TO 50 KV." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=17889@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROMetrologia e qualidade estão intimamente relacionadas e constituem-se em poderoso instrumento de transformação da infraestrutura tecnológica de países e organizações. O avanço do desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico está fortemente embasado no avanço da metrologia. O Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade industrial (INMETRO) é o órgão máximo responsável pela conservação e manutenção das unidades de base e derivadas do Sistema Internacional de Unidades (SI) no país. A grandeza tensão em corrente contínua, até 1 kV, está disponível e rastreada a padrões nacionais na Rede Brasileira de Calibração (RBC). Contudo, para tensões maiores que 1 kV, pois ainda carece de laboratórios acreditados pelo INMETRO para prestar serviços para a indústria de equipamentos elétricos em Alta Tensão em Corrente Contínua (HVDC). Deve-se considerar, ainda, que novos investimentos na geração e transmissão em larga escala de energia mobilizam a indústria e geram demanda para ensaios em novos equipamentos que serão instalados. Para realizar esses ensaios, de forma a garantir exatidão, confiabilidade e rastreabilidade, é necessária uma estrutura metrológica em Alta Tensão, ou seja, é preciso criar padrões e incentivar a acreditação de laboratórios. Nesse sentido o objetivo desta dissertação foi à construção de um protótipo de Divisor para Alta Tensão (DVAT) do tipo resistivo de alta impedância, para medição da grandeza tensão em corrente contínua acima de 1 kV. O padrão foi construído para ser utilizado na faixa de 1 kV a 50 kV e será calibrado em baixa tensão rastreado à RBC. Em alta tensão será o elo na cadeia de rastreabilidade entre o padrão do INMETRO e os divisores dos laboratórios industriais e também na calibração de padrões de trabalho para HVDC na faixa de 1 kV a 250 kV.
Metrology and quality are closely related and constitute a powerful tool for transforming the technological infrastructure of countries and organizations. The advancement of scientific and technological development is strongly grounded in the advancement of metrology. The National Institute of Metrology, Standardization and Industrial Quality (INMETRO) is the highest organism responsible by the conservation and maintenance of base and derived units of the International System of Units (SI) in the country. The quantity voltage, up to 1 kV, is traced to national standards in the Brazilian Calibration Network (RBC), but for voltages above 1 kV there is no laboratory in the country accredited by INMETRO to provide services for the electrical equipment industry in HVDC. It should also be considered that new investments in generation and transmission of large scale energy mobilize the industry and generates demand for testing of new equipment. To perform these tests, so as to ensure reliability, accuracy and traceability, a metrology structure is needed in high voltage, so it is necessary to create standards and encourage the accreditation of laboratories. In this sense the main purpose of this dissertation was to build a prototype for a standard High Voltage Divider (DVAT) of the high impedance resistive type for measuring the quantity voltage above 1 kV. The standard was designed for use in the range of 1kV to 50 kV and will be calibrated in low voltages and traceable to the RBC. In the high voltage range, it will be the link in the chain of traceability between INMETRO standards and the dividers of industrial laboratories, and also to calibrate other working standards for HVDC, especially in the range of 1 kV to 250 kV.
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Tayarani-Binazir, Kayhan Ashley. "Behavioural investigation into whether L-DOPA, the current 'gold standard' pharmacotherapy for Parkinson's disease, can be improved by optimising its treatment strategies." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/behavioural-investigation-into-whether-ldopa-the-current-gold-standard-pharmacotherapy-for-parkinsons-disease-can-be-improved-by-optimising-its-treatment-strategies(0b62fd27-f368-4ff3-aeb3-e28ef5deb0cb).html.
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Long-term use of L-DOPA in Parkinson’s disease results in motor complications and a progressive reduction in clinical efficacy. No new pharmacologic agents and treatment options have been able to deliver a more effective treatment than L-DOPA and therefore L-DOPA treatment strategies could offer improved clinical outcomes. This led to the hypothesis that L-DOPA, the current 'gold standard' pharmacotherapy for Parkinson’s disease can be improved by optimising its treatment strategies. Using validated animal models of Parkinson’s disease, behavioural studies were performed to test this hypothesis to evaluate if we could: (1) potentiate the clinical response of L-DOPA by maximising the efficiency of peripheral decarboxylase (DDC) inhibition, (2) enhance the clinical response of L-DOPA through prodrug delivery and (3) optimise L-DOPA's clinical therapeutic window through combination therapy with dopamine agonists. Firstly, it was shown that the efficiency of DDC inhibition could improve the L-DOPA response particularly when L-alpha-methyl dopa (L-AMD) was utilised. Secondly, the novel L-DOPA prodrug PRX 1354, induced improvement in L-DOPA motor function in MPTP treated marmosets but did not have the same positive effect on dyskinesia expression. Lastly, in the MPTP-treated common marmosets, L-DOPA combined with the dopamine agonist pramipexole resulted in improved motor function and a reduction of dyskinesia. In conclusion, manipulating L-DOPA treatment strategies can improve motor function while reducing dyskinesia expression. These results suggest that optimizing the treatment of Parkinson’s disease by improving L-DOPA treatment strategies could reduce the impact of dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease patients.
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O'Reid, Esmerelda. "The impact of monetary compensation as a form of land restitution on the current life-styles of Paarl residents." Thesis, Peninsula Technikon, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1655.
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Thesis (MTech (Public Management))--Peninsula Technikon, Cape Town, 2002Restitution is a constitutionally mandated programme aimed at redressing the injustices of the apartheid era. Land rights are being addressed via a legal administrative process in order to make some form of reparation. The mission of the Commission on the Restitution on Land Rights is to have persons or communities, in the Western Cape province, who were dispossessed of property after 19 June 1913 as a result of past racially discriminatory laws or practices, restored to such property or receive just and equitable redress. The restitution process is the first programme in South Africa that aims to restore people to the land from where they were dispossessed. The processes and procedures involved are very complex, which could result in slow delivery. The research attempts to determine the impact of monetary compensation as a form of land restitution on the current life-styles of Paarl residents. The research will focus on financially settled claims. The reason for selecting Paarl as a case study was because of the demographics and diversity of the region. This study also includes the history of forced removals in South Africa as well as the local international restitution processes. The study has a descriptive approach. Primary data will be collected by means of questionnaires based on the living standard measurement. The questionnaires will focus on the life-styles of people prior to dispossession and their life-styles after receiving their restitution awards. This study may provide a positive or a negative critique on the restitution process. The study attempted to determine whether restitution provides a better quality of life to the disadvantaged, displaced people of our country and provides an indicator for future similar endeavours.
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Reid, Esmeralda O. "The impact of monetary compensation as a form of land restitution on the current life-styles of Paarl residents." Thesis, Peninsula Technikon, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1666.
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Being a Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the
Magister Technologae Public Management to the Department of Public
Management and Law in the Faculty of Business at the Peninsula Technikon, 2002Restitution is a constitutionally mandated programme aimed at redressing the injustices of the apartheid era. Land rights are being addressed via a legal administrative process in order to make some form of reparation. The mission of the Commission on the Restitution on Land Rights is to have persons or communities, in the Western Cape province, who were dispossessed of property after 19 June 1913 as a result of past racially discriminatory laws or practices, restored to such property or receive just and equitable redress. The restitution process is the first programme in South Africa that aims to restore people to the land from where they were dispossessed. The processes and procedures involved are very complex, which could result in slow delivery. The research attempts to determine the impact of monetary compensation as a form of land restitution on the current life-styles of Paarl residents. The research will focus on financially settled claims. The reason for selecting Paarl as a case study was because of the demographics and diversity of the region. This study also includes the history of forced removals in South Africa as well as the local international restititution processes. The study has a descriptive approach. Primary data will be collected by means of questionnaires based on the living standard measurement. The questionnaires will focus on the life-styles of people prior to dispossession and their life-styles after receiving their restitution awards. This study may provide a positive or a negative critique on the restitution process. The study attempted to determine whether restitution provides a better quality of life to the disadvantaged, displaced people of our country and provides an indicator for future similar endeavours.
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OLIVEIRA, YURI DOS REIS. "DEVELOPMENT OF ALGORITHMS FOR ESTIMATING PARAMETERS OF HIGH VOLTAGE DIRECT AND ALTERNATING CURRENT TESTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE STANDARD ABNT NBR IEC 60060-1: 2013." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=30269@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Os ensaios dielétricos em equipamentos para alta tensão em corrente alternada (ATCA) e corrente contínua (ATCC) requerem medições de grandezas elétricas, e as análises de desempenho dos equipamentos ensaiados são diretamente dependentes dos resultados obtidos por tais medições. Atualmente, para garantir a confiabilidade dos resultados dos ensaios, é necessário que a forma de onda da tensão aplicada ao equipamento esteja dentro dos níveis de distorção exigidos por norma. Para que ensaios possam ser realizados de forma normalizada, todos os parâmetros descritos na norma ABNT NBR IEC 60060-1:2013 devem ser monitorados durante os ensaios em ATCA e ATCC. Normalmente um Sistema de Medição para Alta Tensão (SMAT) é formado por um divisor de tensão, um cabo de transmissão e um multímetro de bancada, permitindo assim uma análise quantitativa da tensão de ensaio por meio da medição do valor eficaz e/ou do valor médio. Entretanto, esse SMAT é inadequado para o monitoramento de todos os parâmetros normalizados, restringindo sua aplicação a uma análise puramente quantitativa da tensão de ensaio. Deste modo, o objetivo desta dissertação foi o desenvolvimento e validação de algoritmos de medição que fossem capazes de estimar todos os parâmetros normalizados. Sua validação foi realizada mediante ensaios experimentais em alta e baixa tensão, assim como pelo processamento das formas de onda digitais padrão pertencentes ao rascunho da norma IEC 61083-4. Os resultados obtidos foram positivos e dentro de limites aceitáveis, possibilitando a implantação desses algoritmos de medição nos laboratórios de ensaios (AT1, AT2, AT3, LabUAT) do CEPEL.
Dielectric tests on equipment with high voltage alternating current (HVAC) and direct current (HVDC) require measurements of electrical quantities, and the performance analysis of the tested equipment is directly dependent on the results obtained by those measurements. Currently, to ensure the reliability of the test results, the voltage waveforms applied to the equipment must be within the distortion levels required by standard. For tests to be performed in a standardized way, all parameters described in ABNT NBR IEC 60060-1: 2013 must be monitored during the HVAC and HVDC tests. Normally, a High Voltage Measurement System is formed by a voltage divider, a transmission cable and a multimeter, allowing a quantitative analysis of the test voltage by measuring the RMS value and/or mean value. However, this High Voltage Measurement System is inadequate for the monitoring all standard parameters, restricting its application to a purely quantitative analysis of the test voltage. Therefore, the objective of this dissertation was the development and validation of measurement algorithms that are able to estimate all the normalized parameters. Its validation was carried out through experimental tests in high and low voltage, as well as by the processing of the standard digital waveforms belonging to the draft of the standard IEC 61083-4. The results were positive and within acceptable limits, allowing the implementation of these measurement algorithms in CEPEL test (AT1, AT2, AT3, LabUAT) laboratories.
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Bateebe, Irene. "Investigation of Probable Pollution from Automobile Exhaust Gases in Kampala City, Uganda : To Assess the current automobile exhaust gas emission levels and characterize the emissions from different automobile types." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-92013.
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It is estimated that transport sources in developing countries contribute about 4% of the global fossil carbon dioxide versus 18% by industrialized countries. The cost of urban air pollution is estimated to be 2% of GDP in developed countries and more than 5% in developing countries. With an annual vehicle registration growth of over 30% in 2008 and a population growth rate of 6%, the number of automobiles in Kampala city of Uganda is expected to continue growing exponentially. Most of the vehicles used are imported into the country when quite old with worn out engines and low energy efficiencies. As a result, such vehicles profusely emit exhaust gases which may be harmful to both human health and the environment. Controlling pollution from the transport sector is vital to improving the quality of air and protecting public health. The objective of this dissertation was to determine the level of pollution from automobile exhaust gases in Kampala City and its impacts on human health and the environment. The study involved the analysis of tail pipe emissions using a gas analyser. It covered mini buses, motorcycles and personal vehicles which constitute 92% of the Kampala vehicle parc. It was established that the main types of exhaust gases from the automobiles were CO2, NOx, CO, NO and HC. The findings estimated the highest level of NOx tail pipe emissions at 0.15 mg/m3, HC emissions at 2.59 mg/m3, CO at 110 mg/m3 and 286.6 mg/m3 for CO2. The reported ambient air emissions were estimated at 0.18 ppm, 14000 ppm and 1.3 ppm corresponding to NO2, CO2 and CO, respectively. The study further investigated the impact of four mitigation methods on emission levels using the LEAP model. The impact of increasing penetration of city buses, introduction of tail pipe emission standards and hybrid cars and improvement of vehicle fuel economy were investigated. It was found that if left unabated, the emissions will continue to grow with the increasing number of motor vehicles. Implementation of the proposed mitigation methods resulted in a reduction in the GWP reduced by 52%, 51%, 17% and 8.5%, respectively. It is recommended that a comprehensive motor vehicle pollution control program be designed to implement the proposed NEMA vehicle emission standards. Establishment of an integrated transport system promoting the growth in number of city buses should be made a priority to reduce on emission levels and enable the decongestion of Kampala city.
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Diop, Mor Sokhna. "Simulation numérique CEM du test BCI (Bulk Current Injection) de la norme aéronautique DO 160." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT045/document.
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Ces travaux de recherche présentent une modélisation/Simulation du Test BCI (Bulk Current Injection) sous contrainte RTCA – DO 160, test de qualification des équipements très contraignant en termes de coûts et délais. Lors de sa réalisation, il présente aussi beaucoup de disparités dont il est parfois difficile d’identifier les sources et de les maîtriser lors du test avec une maquette physique. La simulation présente tout son intérêt dans l’étude de ces phénomènes (qui peuvent avoir un impact non moins significatif sur les résultats de test) mais aussi la répétabilité des essais.Dans un premier temps, une méthode de modélisation du couplage pince d’injection de courant et câbles est établie qui tient compte de l’évolution en fonction de la fréquence du noyau de ferrite du transformateur RF (Pince de courant) et des paramètres linéiques des câbles. Deux modèles sont principalement proposés dans ces travaux :- Un modèle générique, modèle circuit constitué uniquement d’éléments passifs RLC et élaboré (sous SPICE) à partir de la mesure des paramètres S. Ce modèle fait apparaitre la zone de couplage entre pince et câbles au secondaire.- Un modèle magnétique, macro-modèle développé sous le logiciel Flux2D. Les paramètres géométriques du modèle sont renseignés à partir de la connaissance des dimensions de la pince (diamètres intérieur /extérieur, longueur) et des câbles (diamètres/longueurs). Les paramètres physiques de la pince de courant particulièrement la perméabilité magnétique complexe du noyau de ferrite est obtenue à partir de la mesure du coefficient de réflexion au port d’entrée de la pince et extraction en post-traitement.Les validations dans le domaine fréquentiel ont été effectuées avec une bonne corrélation entre simulations et mesures dans la bande BCI [10 kHz – 400 MHz]. Ces résultats obtenus ont permis l'élaboration d'un modèle complet du test BCI (sous l’outil logiciel PAM-CEM/CRIPTE) qui tient compte d’un toron aéronautique complexe et de l’EST (Équipement Sous Test modélisé au laboratoire Ampère de Lyon). Il est constitué du générateur de perturbation (qui fait office de pince d’injection de courant), du modèle du toron de câbles (constitué de paires torsadées blindées, de paires non-blindées, …) et de l’EST (Équipement Sous Test) dans la bande [10 kHz – 400 MHz]. La bonne concordance entre simulations et mesures laisse présager une utilisation par les avionneurs ou équipementiers pour des études paramétriques concernant le test BCI (influence de la disposition des câbles, queue de cochon, longueur toron, disposition de l’EST par rapport au plan de masse, …) et/ou pour une virtualisation dans une phase de pré-qualification des équipements.Mots clés : CEM (Compatibilité ElectroMagnétique), Test BCI (Bulk Current Injection), Modélisation/Simulation, Norme aéronautique DO 160This work presents a modeling/simulation approach of BCI (Bulk Current Injection) test under constraint RTCA - DO 160. This qualification test of equipment is very constraining in terms of cost and deadline. During the test, there are also many disparities for which it is difficult to identify sources (and control them) with a physical test setup. The simulation is of interest in the study of phenomena (which can have negative impacts on test results) but also the repeatability of tests.First, a method of modeling for the probe/cables coupling is established which takes into account the variation with frequency of the RF transformer (current probe) of the magnetic ferrite core and the linear parameters of cables (skin/ proximity effects). Two models are proposed in this work:- A generic model which is made up solely of passive elements RLC and elaborated (with SPICE software) from the measurement of S-parameters. It shows the coupling zone between probe and cables (secondary winding).- A magnetic macro-model developed with the Flux2D software. Its geometrical parameters are defined from dimensions of the probe (inner/outer diameter, length) and cables (diameters / length). Physical parameters of the current probe, particularly the complex magnetic permeability of the ferrite core, are obtained from measurement of the S-parameter at the input port of the probe and post-treatment extraction.Frequency domain validations were performed with a good correlation between simulations and measurements in the BCI band ([10 kHz - 400 MHz]).These results led to the development of a complete virtual BCI test (with PAM-CEM / CRIPTE software), which take into account an aeronautic complex harness and a DUT (Device Under Test which is modeled at Ampère laboratory). It consists of disturbance generator, harness model (consisting of shielding twisted cables, no shielding cables, etc.) and DUT (Device Under Test) in the band [10 kHz - 400 MHz].The good correlation between simulations and measurements suggests a use by the aircraft manufacturers or equipment manufacturers for parametric studies about BCI test (uncertainties related to cable positions, pigtail, cable length, DUT position with respect to the ground plane, ...) and /or for virtualization in a pre-qualification phase of the equipment.Keywords: EMC (ElectroMagnetic Compatibility), BCI (Bulk Current Injection) test, Modeling/Simulation, DO 160 aeronautic standard
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Marusiak, David. "MOS CURRENT MODE LOGIC (MCML) ANALYSIS FOR QUIET DIGITAL CIRCUITRY AND CREATION OF A STANDARD CELL LIBRARY FOR REDUCING THE DEVELOPMENT TIME OF MIXED-SIGNAL CHIPS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1363.
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Many modern digital systems use forms of CMOS logical implementation due to the straight forward design nature of CMOS logic and minimal device area since CMOS uses fewer transistors than other logic families. To achieve high-performance requirements in mixed-signal chip development and quiet, noiseless circuitry, this thesis provides an alternative toCMOSin the form of MOS Current Mode Logic (MCML). MCML dissipates constant current and does not produce noise during value changing in a circuit CMOS circuits do. CMOS logical networks switch during clock ticks and with every device switching, noise is created on the supply and ground to deal with the transitions. Creating a noiseless standard cell library with MCML allows use of circuitry that uses low voltage switching with 1.5V between logic levels in a quiet or mixed-signal environment as opposed to the full rail to rail swinging of CMOS logic. This allows cohesive implementation with analog circuitry on the same chip due to constant current and lower switching ranges not creating rail noise during digital switching. Standard cells allow for the Cadence tools to automatically generate circuits and Cadence serves as the development platform for the MCML standard cells.
The theory surrounding MCML is examined along with current and future applications well-suited for MCML are researched and explored with the goal of highlighting valid candidate circuits for MCML. Inverters and NAND gates with varying current drives are developed to meet these specialized goals and are simulated to prove viability for quiet, mixed-signal applications. Analysis and results show that MCML is a superior implementation choice compared toCMOSfor high speed and mixed signal applications due to frequency independent power dissipation and lack of generated noise during operation. Noise results show rail current deviations of 50nA to 300nA during switching over an average operating current of 20µA to 80µA respectively. The multiple order of magnitude difference between noise and signal allow the MCML cells to dissipate constant power and thus perform with no noise added to a system. Additional simulated results of a 31-stage ring oscillator result in a frequency for MCML of 1.57GHz simulated versus the 150.35MHz that MOSIS tested on a fabricated 31-stage CMOS oscillator. The layouts designed for the standard cell library conform to existing On Semiconductor ami06 technology dimensions and allow for design of any logical function to be fabricated. The I/O signals of each cell operate at the same input and output voltage swings which allow seamless integration with each other for implementation in any logical configuration.
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Ndou, Fulufhelo Clyde. "The legal protection afforded to the consumer under current South African law with emphasis on the legal position in specific credit agreements contained in standard-form contracts." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003203.
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The thesis covers the field of the contract law known as the consumer credit law. It deals with the legal protection afforded to the consumer under current South African law with emphasis on the legal position in specific credit agreements contained in standard-form contracts. The thesis focuses on those credit contracts in which the legal relationship between the consumer and the dominant party is contained in the standard-form contracts, specifically credit agreements relating to money lending transactions in which the credit grantor’s rights are secured either by means of mortgage agreement, a suretyship contract, or a deed of cession. In South Africa the right to equality and human dignity, as opposed to the classical theories of contract: pacta sunt servanda and the principle of freedom of contract, are supported by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 108 of 1996 which entrenched democratic values permeating all areas of the law including contract law. In this thesis the harmonisation of these classical theories of contract law and the constitutional values of human dignity and equality have been considered. As has been shown in a number of cases, notably those relating to the contracts of suretyship, cession in securitatem debiti, and mortgage, the current law regulating the relationship between the credit grantors and the credit receivers is in need of law reform to fall in line with the constitutional values of equality and human dignity. The greatest difficulty inherent in this area of the law is the reluctance of the courts to intervene at the instance of consumers. The courts would only intervene in the clearest of the cases, and would only do so in the public interest. In this thesis the current South African Law is considered in the light of the developments elsewhere. The tendency of credit providers to alter the terms of the contracts unilaterally and the growing number of conflicting decisions of the Provincial Divisions of High Court has also been considered. The writer also considers the role of the newly created Consumer Affairs Court.
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Dragana, Naumović Vuković. "Prilog savremenom etaloniranju strujnih mernih transformatora." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2018. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=107383&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji prikazana je koncepcija, realizacija i potvrda nove metodejednovremenog etaloniranja strujnih mernih transformatora sa dve različite merneaparature. Pregledom stručne literature ne postoji podatak da je ova metoda ranijeprimenjivana. U disertaciji su prikazane različite merne metode za ispitivanje ietaloniranje mernih transformatora koje imaju primenu u savremenoj praksi i kojepodrazumevaju i različite merne mogućnosti. Takođe je i ekperimentalno potvrđenojednovremeno ispitivanje i etaloniranje strujnih mernih transformatora sa nekolikomernih aparatura koje su zasnovane na različitim metodama. Sprovedna istraživanja ieksperimentalni rezultati pokazuju i potvrđuju niz prednosti ovakvog načinaetaloniranja. Detaljna analiza komponenti merne nesigurnosti pokazala je da seprimenom ove metode postiže poboljšanje merne nesigurnost etaloniranja za skoro redveličine u odnosu na klasično pojedinačno etaloniranje sa dve različite merneaparature. Analiza uticajnih veličina na mernu nesigurnost pokazuje da se po ovoj novojmetodi etaloniranja eliminiše niz komponenti od kojih su najznačajnije: uticajnejednakosti referentnih struja i ispitnog opterećenja. Istraživanja su takođe pokazalada jednovremena metoda osim što doprinosi podizanju tačnosti etaloniranja strujnihtransformatora, ima primenu i u etaloniranju mernih aparatura za ispitivanje tačnostimernih transformatora i interkonparaciji strujnih etalon transformatora. Krozkonkretne primere realizovane u praksi, razmotreni su i prikazani načini etaloniranjamernih aparatura za ispitivanje tačnosti ovom novom metodom. Interkomparacijom dvamerna sistema visoke klase tačnosti Nacionalnog merološkog instituta Kanade(National Research Council Canada), od kojih je jedna razvijena u ElektrotehničkomInstitutu "Nikola Tesla", pokazana je i prednost primene jednovremene metode u oblastiprimarne metrologije strujnih mernih transformatora.The dissertation presents the concept, its realisation and verification of the new methodof simultaneous comparison of the current transformers by two different measuringapparatus. It is shown by searching the literature, that this method has not been usedbefore. In this dissertation different measuring methods for testing and calibration ofcurrent transformers, with their different measuring capabilities are presented. Most ofthem have been used in recent practice. Furthermore, the experimental verification ofnew simultaneous calibration method is presented. For this reason some measuringapparatus based on different measuring methods were used. Conducted research andexperimental results confirmed a number of advantages of this calibration method.Detailed analysis of the components of the uncertainty of measurements shown thatusing simultaneous method uncertainty of measurements have been improvedcomparing to method with two individual calibration by different apparatus. In that casesome of the measuring uncertainty components can be neglected. The most significantis component caused by variation of referent current and component caused by variationof burden. The research has also showed that simultaneous method can be used forcalibration of measuring apparatus for current transformer accuracy testing and theirinter-comparisons. The ways of calibration of apparatus for current transformer accuracytesting are considered and presented, through concrete examples realized in practice.A high-accuracy comparison of two NRC (National Research Council Canada)calibration systems were carried out by new simultaneous method. One measuringsystem is developed at Electrical Engineering institute Nicola Tesla, Belgrade.Accordingly the advantage of simultaneous method applied at the primary metrology ofcurrent transformer is verified.
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Niemiec, Łukasz. "Určení nejistot při stanovení průtoků ve vodních tocích pomocí měření hydrometrickou vrtulí." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233793.
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The development of hydrology and the need of getting exact data increase the demands on hydro metering. Measurement of spot velocities and deriving the flow of water are frequently performed by the workers of Český hydrometeorologický ústav (Czech Hydrometeorological Institute) and other companies. The limited precision of the measuring machines, the imperfection of methods and the influence of human senses cause that we are not able to get the accurate value of quantity. We are just close to the right values. The term uncertainty of measuring determines the interval which is assigned to each measurement and contains the real value of measured quantity. Twenty imminently repeated measurement were done in twelve measuring profiles of the Dyje River and in one profile of the Morava River using the current meters OTT (OTT Hydromet, 2013) type C2 and type C31. We investigated the dependence of uncertainties type A and B in different profile parameter. The measurement was done with the suspension bar with 2 to 4 propeller current-meters. The hydrometric car on the bridge was used in deeper waters. The results were analysed from the point of view of the uncertainties and generalized. Next point of the research was to find out how the frequency of the current meter depends on temperature of water. For this purpose, the specific canal was made in the Faculty of Civil Engineering in Brno (Ústav vodního hospodářství krajiny) and the measuring was done in temperature interval from 1 °C to 24 °C. Repeated measuring was statistically evaluated from the uncertainties point of view. In the thesis, the proposal of elaboration of uncertainties determined by both types of measurement into current methods of determination of uncertainties of the derived flows using the measurement of spot velocity by the propeller current-meter in measuring profiles of the rivers is introduced.
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Costa, Verdera Helena. "Towards the development of a gene therapy for Pompe disease : Characterization of the immune phenotype in Pompe disease and comparison of the therapeutic potential of gene therapy with the current standard of care." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS516.
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La maladie de Pompe est une maladie lysosomale causée par des mutations sur l'enzyme α-glucosidase acide (GAA), responsable de la dégradation du glycogène lysosomal. Le déficit en GAA provoque l'accumulation de glycogène dans de multiples tissus, conduisant à une maladie neuromusculaire complexe avec une morbidité et mortalité élevées. En plus des symptômes connus, nos études montrent que le déficit en GAA affecte l’activation et le fonctionnement des cellules immunitaires chez les patients et le modèle murin de la maladie de Pompe. En particulier, nous avons observé une suractivation des cellules T effectrices, ainsi qu’un défaut dans l’induction et la fonction des cellules T régulatrices (Tregs). De plus, les souris atteintes de la maladie de Pompe présentent de l’inflammation tissulaire précoce, ce qui pourrait contribuer à la physiopathologie de la maladie. Ces résultats pourraient ouvrir des nouvelles voies pour étudier des stratégies qui retardent la progression de la maladie. Dans une deuxième série d'expériences, nous montrons qu'une thérapie génique ciblée au foie avec un transgène GAA sécrétable conduit à une meilleure correction de la maladie dans un modèle murin immunodéficient de la maladie, par rapport au traitement enzymatique substitutif existant. Étant donné que les Treg jouent un rôle essentiel dans la thérapie génique ciblée au foie, en induisant une tolérance immunitaire vers les transgènes hépatiques, de futures études devront évaluer l'impact des altérations immunitaires associées à cette maladie sur l'efficacité de la thérapie géniquePompe disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations on the enzyme acid α-glucosidase (GAA), responsible for degrading lysosomal glycogen. GAA deficiency causes the accumulation of glycogen in multiple tissues, particularly in muscles and central nervous system, leading to a complex neuromuscular disease with high morbidity and mortality. In addition to the known symptoms, our studies in Pompe disease patients and mice show that GAA deficiency affects the activation and function of immune cells, particularly of T cells, leading to a higher activation of effector cells and impaired induction and suppressive function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Moreover, Pompe disease mice present tissue inflammation at early stages of the disease, altogether suggesting that alterations in the immune system could contribute to the disease pathophysiology. These findings could open new venues to investigate strategies that delay the progression of the disease. In a second set of experiments we show that liver-directed gene therapy with a secretable GAA transgene results in superior disease rescue in an immunodefficient Pompe disease mouse model, when compared to the current enzyme replacement therapy. Because Tregs play an essential role in liver-directed gene therapy, by inducing immune tolerance towards hepatic transgenes, future studies will have to evaluate the potential impact of immune alterations associated to Pompe disease on the efficacy of liver-targeted gene transfer
La enfermedad de Pompe es una enfermedad lisosomal (lysosomal storage disease, LSD) causada por mutaciones en la enzima α-glucosidasa ácida (GAA), que hidroliza el glucógeno en glucosa en los lisosomas. La disfunción de esta enzima causa la acumulación de glucógeno en múltiples tejidos, principalmente en células musculares y neuronas. Como resultado, los pacientes desarrollan hipertrofia cardíaca, debilidad muscular, insuficiencia respiratoria, alteraciones cognitivas y muerte prematura por paro cardiorrespiratorio. Actualmente la enfermedad de Pompe se trata con terapia de reemplazo enzimático (Enzyme replacement therapy, ERT) con GAA recombinante humana (rhGAA). Este tratamiento ha demostrado corregir la patología cardíaca y extender la esperanza de vida de los pacientes. Sin embargo, la eficacia de la ERT en los músculos respiratorios y esqueléticos es parcial, y nula en el sistema nervioso central (SNC). Además, la proteína rhGAA es altamente inmunogénica, por lo que el tratamiento no es efectivo en ciertos pacientes. Otros inconvenientes son el elevado coste de la ERT y la necesidad de infusiones continuadas a lo largo de la vida del paciente. En este estudio mostramos que la terapia génica dirigida al hígado mediante vectores adeno-asociados (AAV) expresando una versión modificada de la GAA revierte de forma significativa la enfermedad a nivel de la musculatura esquelética y del SNC, en un modelo animal de la enfermedad de Pompe. Además, mostramos que este tratamiento es superior en eficacia al tratamiento estándar por ERT, incluso a dosis reducidas de vector AAV. Con tal de comprender mejor los mecanismos de acción de estos dos tratamientos, hemos llevado a cabo un estudio farmacocinético de los niveles de GAA en circulación y en múltiples tejidos en los dos casos. Dicho estudio muestra que niveles reducidos pero constantes de GAA en circulación proporcionados por el hígado permiten una mayor acumulación de GAA en los tejidos en comparación a la ERT, mejorando así la eficacia del tratamiento. Debido a que las reacciones inmunes contra el vector AAV y el transgén son un obstáculo importante en la aplicación clínica de la terapia génica, y a que alteraciones en los lisosomas han demostrado tener un impacto sobre el sistema inmune en diferentes modelos, también hemos estudiado el sistema inmune en el caso de la enfermedad de Pompe. Mediante estos estudios, hemos observado que la acumulación de glucógeno en los lisosomas de células inmunes está asociada a una mayor activación de estas células, tanto en pacientes como en ratones con enfermedad de Pompe, y particularmente en las células T. Además, ratones con enfermedad de Pompe presentan inflamación en los tejidos ya en las primeras etapas de la enfermedad. Por otra parte, mostramos que el mayor estado de activación de las células T podría deberse a alteraciones en el metabolismo de estas células, como resultado de las alteraciones lisosómicas. Finalmente, los ratones con enfermedad de Pompe presentan un defecto en la inducción de células T reguladoras Foxp3+ (Tregs), y estas células tienen un menor potencial inhibidor en comparación con Tregs de ratones sanos. Alteraciones en el sistema inmunitario podrían contribuir a la fisiopatología de la enfermedad. Por lo tanto, estos hallazgos podrían abrir nuevos caminos para investigar estrategias que retrasen la progresión de la enfermedad. Además, las Tregs juegan un papel esencial en la terapia génica dirigida al hígado, mediante la inducción de tolerancia inmune hacia transgenes expresados por hepatocitos. Por lo tanto, futuros estudios deberán evaluar el impacto de las alteraciones inmunitarias asociadas a la enfermedad de Pompe sobre la eficacia de la terapia génica
La malaltia de Pompe és una malaltia lisosomal (lysosomal storage disease, LSD) deguda a mutacions en l'enzim α-glucosidasa àcida (GAA), que hidrolitza el glicogen en glucosa als lisosomes. La disfunció d'aquest enzim causa l'acumulació de glicogen en múltiples teixits, principalment en cèl·lules musculars i neurones. Com a resultat, els pacients presenten hipertròfia cardíaca, debilitat muscular, insuficiència respiratòria, alteracions cognitives i mort prematura per aturada cardiorespiratòria. Actualment, la malaltia de Pompe és tractada amb teràpia de reemplaçament enzimàtic (Enzyme replacement therapy, ERT) amb GAA recombinant humana (rhGAA). Aquest tractament ha demostrat corregir la patologia cardíaca i estendre l'esperança de vida dels pacients. No obstant, l'eficàcia de l'ERT en els músculs respiratoris i esquelètics és parcial, i nul·la en el sistema nerviós central (SNC). A més, la proteïna rhGAA és altament immunogènica, de manera que el tractament no és efectiu en certs pacients. Altres inconvenients són l'elevat cost de l'ERT i la necessitat d'infusions continuades al llarg de la vida del pacient. En aquest estudi mostrem que la teràpia gènica dirigida al fetge mitjançant vectors adeno-associats (AAV) expressant una versió modificada de la GAA millora de forma significativa la malaltia a nivell de la musculatura esquelètica i del SNC, en un model animal de la malaltia de Pompe. A més, mostrem que aquest tractament és superior en eficàcia al tractament estàndard per ERT, fins i tot a dosis reduïdes de vector AAV. Per tal de comprendre millor els mecanismes d'acció d'aquests dos tractaments, hem dut a terme un estudi farmacocinètic dels nivells de GAA en circulació i en múltiples teixits en ambdós casos. Aquest estudi mostra que nivells reduïts però constants de GAA en circulació proporcionats pel fetge permeten una major acumulació de la GAA en els teixits en comparació a la ERT, millorant així l'eficàcia del tractament. Degut a que les reaccions immunes contra el vector AAV i el transgèn són un obstacle important en l'aplicació clínica de la teràpia gènica, i a que alteracions en els lisosomes han demostrat tenir un impacte sobre el sistema immune en differents models, també hem avaluat el sistema immune en el cas de la malaltia de Pompe. Mitjançant aquests estudis, hem observat que l'acumulació de glicogen en els lisosomes de les cèl·lules immunes està associada a una major activació d'aquestes cèl·lules en pacients i ratolins amb malaltia de Pompe, particularment en les cèl·lules T. A més, ratolins amb malaltia de Pompe presenten inflamació dels teixits ja en les primeres etapes de la malaltia. D’altra banda, hem observat que el major estat d'activació de les cèl·lules T podria ser degut a alteracions en el metabolisme d'aquestes cèl·lules, com a resultat de les alteracions lisosomals. Finalment, els ratolins amb malaltia de Pompe presenten un defecte en la inducció de cèl·lules T reguladores Foxp3+ (Tregs), i aquestes cèl·lules tenen un menor potencial inhibidor en comparació amb les Tregs de ratolins sans. Alteracions en el sistema immunitari podrien contribuir a la fisiopatologia de la malaltia. Per tant, aquestes observacions podrien obrir nous camins a l’hora d’investigar estratègies que retardin la progressió de la malaltia. A més, les Tregs juguen un paper essencial en la teràpia gènica dirigida al fetge, mitjançant la inducció de tolerància immune cap a transgens expressats per hepatòcits. Per tant, futurs estudis hauran d'avaluar l'impacte de les alteracions immunitàries associades a la malaltia de Pompe sobre l'eficàcia del tractament per teràpia gènica
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Pop, Ioan Mihai. "Sauts quantiques de phase dans des chaînes de jonctions Josephson." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00586075.
Full textAbstract:
Nous avons étudié la dynamique des sauts quantiques de phase (quantum phase-slips) dans différents types de chaînes de jonctions Josephson. Les sauts de phase sont contrôlés par le rapport entre l'énergie Josephson et l'énergie de charge de chaque jonction. Nous avons mesuré l'effet des sauts de phase sur l'état fondamental de la chaîne et nous avons observé l'interférence quantique de sauts de phase (effet Aharonov-Casher). Les résultats de nos mesures sont en très bon accord avec les prédictions théoriques. Nous avons montré qu'une chaîne de jonctions Josephson polarisée en phase, présente un comportement collectif, similaire à un objet macroscopique. Les résultats de cette thèse ouvrent la voie pour la conception de nouveaux circuits Josephson, comme par exemple un qubit topologiquement protégé ou un dispositif quantique pour la conversion courant-fréquence.
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Kochebina, Olga. "Study of Rare Charm Decays with the LHCb Detector at CERN." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112208/document.
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Les désintégrations charmées rares interviennent principalement via des courants neutres changeant la saveur (FCNC). Le Modèle Standard (SM) n'autorise les courants qu'au niveau des boucles. Dans les désintégrations du charme, les FCNC sont sujets à une très efficace suppression de GIM. Des processus très rares sont donc à considérer. Ils sont d'excellents outils pour la recherche Nouvelle Physique (NP) au-delà du SM. Les particules de NP pourraient devenir détectables en écartant des observables telles que des rapports de branchement et des asymétries CP et angulaires prévisions de le SM. Le sujet principal de cette thèse est la mesure du rapport de branchement D0->K-π+ρ/ω(->µ+µ-). Il sera précieux en particulier en tant que mode de normalisation lors de l'étude de toutes les désintégrations D0 -> h-h’+ µ+µ- : D0 -> K-π+µ+µ-, D0 -> π+π-µ+µ-, D0 -> K+K-µ+µ- et D0 -> K+π-µ+µ-. En utilisant 2/fb de données collectées par LHCb en 2012, nous mesurons: B(D0 -> K-π+ ρ/ω (->µ+µ-)) = (4.37± 0.12(stat.) ±0.53(syst.)) ×10^-6. C'est la toute première mesure de ce mode. Nous avons également étudié la sensibilité qu'attendra LHCb dans les modes D0 -> h-h’+ µ+µ- pour la mesure de rapport des branchements totaux et partiels, et pour celle d'asymétries, avec les échantillons de données qui seront collectés d'ici 10 ans. Par ailleurs, nous avons déterminé les incertitudes systématiques touchant les recherches de désintégrations à trois corps, D+(s) -> π+µ+µ- et D+(s) -> π-µ+µ+, effectués par LHCb dans les données recueillies en 2011 (1/fb). Enfin, les tests effectués sue les prototypes des cartes d'électronique embarquée qui assureront la lecture des calorimètres de l'expérience le LHCb mise à jour sont présenté dans cette thèseRare charm decays proceed mostly through the c -> u Flavor Changing Neutral Current (FCNC), which is possible only at loop level in the Standard Model (SM). In charmed decays, FCNCs are subject to a very efficient GIM suppression, leading to very rare processes. Consequently, rare charm decays are good tools to probe to New Physics (NP) beyond the SM. NP particles could become detectable by causing observables such as branching ratios and CP or angular asymmetries to deviate from the SM predictions. The main subject of this thesis is the measurement of the branching ratio of the D0 -> K-π+ ρ/ω (->µ+µ-) mode. It will be precious in the future, in particular as a normalization mode in the study of all: D0 -> h-h’+ µ+µ- decays D0 -> K-π+µ+µ-, D0 -> π+π-µ+µ-, D0 -> K+K-µ+µ- and D0 -> K+π-µ+µ-. Using 2/fb of 2012 LHCb data we find: B(D0 -> K-π+ ρ/ω (->µ+µ-)) = (4.37± 0.12(stat.) ±0.53(syst.)) ×10^-6. This is the first measurement of this mode. We also determined sensitivities to total and partial branching fractions and asymmetries in D0 -> h-h’+ µ+µ- decays with future LHCb datasets. In addition, the systematic uncertainties affecting the searches for the 3-body decays, D+(s) -> π+µ+µ- and D+(s) -> π-µ+µ+, carried out by LHCb based on the data collected in 2011 (1/fb). Finally, the results of the tests of front-end electronic board for the Upgrade of LHCb are presented
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Shaheen, Matloob H. "Neutral currents beyond the standard model." Thesis, Durham University, 1988. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6334/.
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The electroweak standard model (Salam-Weinberg) is well-known to be a satisfactory and consistent theoretical description of all the experimental data we have obtained so far. In this thesis, we discuss possible phenomenology which goes beyond the standard model, with particular emphasis on the neutral current effects. First of all, the left-right symmetric extension of the standard model is discussed and we find limits on its parameters. We show that this model cannot explain certain newly reported and highly speculative events at the CERN collider [3], which in principle could be caused by the decay into two W's of a new heavy Z. We then discuss composite models where there is a strong expectation that there should be two neutral Z's of similar mass. We study the effects of these on neutral current phenomenology and show that in general the extra Z would be very hard to detect. A comparison of our model with a particular superstring model [6] is also made.
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Fey, Thomas. "Charakterisierung von organischen Solarzellen an einem neu aufgebauten Laser-basierten DSR-Messplatz." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-182093.
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Die Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) unterstützt vielfältig die Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft. Eine ihrer Kernkompetenzen als das nationale Metrologie-Institut der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ist die Messtechnik. In diesem Sinne kalibriert die Arbeitsgruppe „Solarzellen“ der PTB
i. d. R. den Kurzschlussstrom unter Standardtestbedingungen (I_STC) von Referenzsolarzellen. Der I_STC von Referenzsolarzellen ist in Photovoltaik-Kalibrierketten bei der Bestimmung der Bestrahlungsstärke von zentraler Bedeutung und fließt signifikant in die Berechnung der Wirkungsgrad von Solarzellen und Solarmodulen ein.
Um den I_STC einer Solarzelle mit geringster Messunsicherheit zu bestimmen, wurde die Differential Spectral Responsivity (DSR)-Methode verwendet. Sie basiert auf der Messung der differentiellen spektralen Empfindlichkeit bei unterschiedlichen Bestrahlungsstärken. Anhand dieser kann die absolute spektrale Empfindlichkeit s(λ) unter Standardtestbedingungen sowie der I_STC berechnet werden. Da jedoch die Umgebungsbedingungen meistens von den STC abweichen, reichen letztere nicht zum umfassenden Vergleich der Wirkungsgrade in der Praxis aus. Um Einflussfaktoren (Temperatur, Bestrahlungsstärke, Winkelabhängigkeit,...) genauer untersuchen zu können, wurde im Rahmen dieser Arbeit an der PTB ein neuer Laser-basierter DSR-Messplatz aufgebaut und charakterisiert.
Mit dem neuen Messplatz wurden c-Si Referenzsolarzellen, organische Solarzellen auf Basis kleiner Moleküle sowie Farbstoffsolarzellen umfassend untersucht. Unter anderem wurden die elektrischen Leistungsparameter einer organischen Solarzelle (aktive Schicht: DCV5T-Me:C60) mit denen einer c-Si Solarzelle verglichen. Es zeigt sich, dass der Wirkungsgrad der organischen Solarzelle mit zunehmender Bestrahlungsstärke sinkt und mit zunehmender Temperatur steigt, während die c-Si Solarzelle ein gegensätzliches Verhalten aufweist.
Darüber hinaus wurde u.a. die Winkelabhängigkeit der zweiten organischen Solarzelle (aktive Schicht: C60:DCV5T-Me(3,3)) untersucht und mit den Resultaten einer c-Si Solarzelle verglichen. Diese Untersuchungen haben ergeben, dass die Winkelabhängigkeit des Kurzschlussstroms der organischen Solarzelle im Vergleich zu einer c-Si Solarzelle insbesondere zwischen 20° < ϑ < 60° eine „Super-Kosinus-Anpassung“ aufweist.
Ergänzend wurde an der PTB im Rahmen dieser Arbeit ein mobiler Messplatz für Outdoormessungen aufgebaut. Mit diesem konnten die mittels Indoor-Untersuchungen erhaltenen spektralen Empfindlichkeiten mit Outdoor-Messungen verglichen werden. Des Weiteren wurden spektrale Charakterisierungen der Himmelshalbkugel durchgeführt und Methoden für Korrekturen von Sekundärkalibrierungen untersucht.
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Nicol, Michelle. "Analysis of the rare decay B->K*ee at LHCb." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112354/document.
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Grâce à la grande section efficace de production de paires bb, LHC offre une excellente occasion de faire des études de courants neutres changeant la saveur. Ces transitions sont sensibles aux effets de nouvelle physique. Cette thèse porte sur l'analyse des événements B->K*ee qui permettent de mesurer la fraction de photon avec une polarisation droite et donc de rechercher des signaux de nouvelle physique émis dans la transition b ->s. En effet, dans le Modèle Standard, la polarisation des photons est gauche. La paire e+e, lors que la masse invariante de la paire de leptons est basse, provient d'un photon virtuel et permet donc de sonder la polarisation de celui-ci. Cette mesure se fait grâce à l'étude des distribution angulaires de cette désintégration à quatre corps. Une première étape est la mesure du rapport d'embranchement dans le domaine de masse 30-1000MeV=c2. En effet, cette désintégration n'a jamais été observée dans cette région, y compris auprès des usines a B a cause du très faible rapport d'embranchement. Cette analyse comportant des électrons de basse impulsion transverse est expérimentalement complexe dans un environnement tel que celui du LHC. La mesure est faite relativement au rapport d'embranchement de la désintégration B->J/Psi(ee)K*. En effet, cela permet de s'affranchir de nombreux effets expérimentaux ainsi que de la détermination absolue des efficacités. Le résultat, repose sur les données collectées par LHCb en 2011 et correspondant a une luminosité intégrée de 1 fb-1: B(B->K*ee)30-1000MeV = (3:19+0:75-0:68(stat) +/- 0:21(syst) =/-0.15(PDG)) x10-7 en utilisant la valeur PDG pour le rapport d'embranchement de la désintégration B->J/Psi(ee)K*. La dernière partie de la thèse porte sur des études Monte Carlo qui montrent que la précision sur la fraction de photon avec une polarisation droite que l'on peut espérer obtenir avec l'inclusion des données de 2012 est d'environ 0.1, comparable à la moyenne mondiale obtenue avec des méthodes différentesThe high bb cross section produced by the LHC offers an excellent opportunity for thestudy of flavour changing neutral current B decays, where the effects of new physics can be probed. This thesis presents an analysis of the rare decay B->K*ee which can be used to measure the polarisation of the photon in the b -> s transition. When the dilepton mass is low, the ee pair comes predominantly from a virtual photon, and the polarisation can be accessed via an angular analysis. It is predicted to be predominantly left handed in the Standard Model, and therefore an enhanced right handed amplitude would be a sign of new physics. A first step is to measure the branching fraction in the dilepton mass range, 30 MeV to 1 GeV. This decay has not yet been observed in this region, due to its small branching ratio. The analysis involves electrons with low transverse momentum, and is thus experimentally complex in the hadronic environment at the LHC. The branching ratio is measured relative to that of B->J/Psi(ee)K*, which eliminates both certain experimental effects, and the need to determine absolute effciencies. The result is obtained with an integrated luminosity of 1 fb-1 of pp collisions, collected by LHCb during 2011 and is found to be:B(B->K*ee)30-1000MeV = (3:19+0:75-0:68(stat) +/- 0:21(syst) =/-0.15(PDG) x10-7 when using the PDG value for the B->J/Psi(ee)K* branching ratio. The last part of the thesis presents Monte Carlo studies, showing that with the inclusion of the 2012 data sample, the expected sensitivity on the fraction of right handed polarisation is approximately 0.1, which is comparable with the world average obtained with different methods
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Horvat, Marko. "Formal analysis of modern security protocols in current standards." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:64d55401-82e1-4fb9-ad0b-73caf2236595.
Full textAbstract:
While research has been done in the past on evaluating standardised security protocols, most notably TLS, there is still room for improvement. Modern security protocols need to be rigorously and thoroughly analysed, ideally before they are widely deployed, so as to minimise the impact of often creative, powerful adversaries. We explore the potential vulnerabilities of modern security protocols specified in current standards, including TLS 1.2, TLS 1.3, and SSH. We introduce and formalise the threat of Actor Key Compromise (AKC), and show how this threat can and cannot be avoided in the protocol design stage. We find AKC-related and other serious security flaws in protocols from the ISO/IEC 11770 standard, find realistic exploits, and harden the protocols to ensure strong security properties. Based on our work, the ISO/IEC 11770 working group is releasing an updated version of the standard that incorporates our suggested improvements. We analyse the unilaterally and mutually authenticated modes of the TLS 1.3 Handshake and Record protocols according to revision 06 of their specification draft. We verify session key secrecy and perfect forward secrecy in both modes with respect to a powerful symbolic attacker and an unbounded number of threads. Subsequently, we model and verify the standard authenticated key exchange requirements in revision 10. We analyse a proposal for its extension and uncover a flaw in it, which directly impacts the draft of revision 11.
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Coll, Eric. "Motion compensated interpolation for television standards conversion." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65468.
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Lee, Leebong. "Sustainability standards for biofuels : analyses of the current standards and recommendations of the future direction." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88399.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2014.Some pages printed landscape. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 152-156).
Past decades have seen development and expansion of biofuels industry around the world thanks to the environmental and economic contribution that biofuels have promised. As more and more people became concerned about the real benefits of biofuels in comparison to the conventional fossil-based options, the need for ensuring sustainability of biofuels has emerged, which, in turn, led to the development of numerous sustainability standards for biofuels over the last decade. This work analyzes and compares a selected set of nine standards developed by organizations with different scales and characteristics. Based on this analysis, major weaknesses and limitations of the standards are presented and possible recommendations addressing those weaknesses are provided. It was concluded that one of the major limitations of the nine standards is the lack of harmonization. Many standards deal with different feedstock, products, and scopes of supply chain among others. Therefore, it is suggested that international organizations, particularly the ISO, CEN, RSB, GBEP and FAO take the lead in providing the fundamental common grounds for harmonization of standards. In addition, the inclusion of technological sustainability area is recommended in order to properly address issues that are strongly dependent on the nature of current technologies used.
by Leebong Lee.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
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Toupin, Mathieu. "Scientific Validation of Standards for Tidal Current Energy Resource Assessment." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34212.
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The tidal current energy resource is challenging to assess with accuracy and precision. An accepted standard methodology is lacking, which in turn perpetuates uncertainty and hinders the industry’s development. Technical Committee 114 of the International Electro-technical Commission (IEC-TC-114) is working to develop a standard for emerging tidal energy conversion systems. The draft standard prescribes methods for determining, objectively and reliably, the scale and character of tidal current energy resources at a site. The IEC-TC-114 draft standard for tidal energy resource assessment and characterisation has not yet been tested in a real world case study. Hence, it is not yet known whether the proposed methods will yield the desired outcome.
This research has adopted the Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy (FORCE) project in Minas Passage, Nova Scotia, for pilot application of the draft standard on tidal current resource assessment. The Bay of Fundy, located on the Atlantic coast of North America between the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, is known for having the highest tidal range in the world and has long been recognised as an ideal stage for tidal energy development.
The thesis is presented in three main parts. Firstly, the latest peer-reviewed scientific literature is summarised and the standard is reviewed in view of lessons learned. The aim of this exercise is to establish a scientific basis for and to develop suggestions towards improving and extending future revisions of the standard. Secondly, a comprehensive assessment of the tidal current energy resource at the FORCE project site is conducted in a manner that is consistent with IEC-TC-114 protocol based on available measurements from static current profiler surveys and a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the upper Bay of Fundy developed for this study. Thirdly, a sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the main sources of error and uncertainty affecting resource assessment, a topic which has yet to be addressed in the literature.
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Quintana, Boris. "Search for radiative B decays to orbitally excited mesons at LHCb." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC060.
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Cette thèse présente une étude des désintégrations radiatives des mésons B0 et Bs, produits lors des collisions de protons du Grand Collisionneur de Hadrons (LHC), au Laboratoire Européen de Physique des Particules (CERN),vers des états orbitallement excités. Elle s’inscrit dans le contexte de recherche indirecte de physique au-delà du Modèle Standard de la Physique des Particules. Les données récoltées par le détecteur LHCb pendant le Run 1(2011-2012) et le Run 2 (2015-2018) du LHC, correspondant à une luminosité intégrée de 8.7 fb−1, sont utilisées pour l’analyse. Une sélection optimisée des états finals comprenant deux traces chargées et un photon est mise en place, permettant de regrouper un très grand échantillon de désintégrations radiatives de hadrons beaux. Un modèle est ajusté à la masse invariante du système, permettant de soustraire statistiquement les différentes contributions de bruit de fond polluant les données.Une première analyse en amplitude est ensuite mise en place pour une étude détaillée de la structure hadronique dans le mode Bs → K+K−γ. Elle permet la première observation du mode Bs → f2j (1525)γ avec une mesure de rapport d’embranchement normalisé à celui du mode dominant Bs → φγ:B(Bs → f2j γ) = (24.1 ± 0.9 (stat) +1.6 (syst) ± 0.6 (br)) × 10−2B(Bs → φγ)−0.8C’est également le second mode de désintégration radiative du méson Bs jamais observé. Une analyse similaire est faite pour le mode B0 → K±π∓γ, et permet une mesure préliminaire du rapport d’embranchement du mode B0 → K2∗(1430)γ, normalisé à celui du mode dominant B0 → K∗0γ:(B0 K∗0(1430)γ)B(B0 → K∗0(892)γ) = (36.4 ± 0.4 (stat) ± 1.3(BR))%Une étude détaillée des erreurs systématiques affectant la mesure reste néanmoins nécessaire pour connaitre sa compétitivité vis-à-vis des mesures actuelles. Utilisant une stratégie similaire, une sélection préliminaire des modes B K0hhγ est aussi mise en place pour estimer la statistique disponible à LHCb pour ces modes qui permettraient de mesurer la polarisation du photon dans la transition b sγ. Ce travail sera à la base d’une analyse portée sur les données du Run 3 du LHCThis document presents studies of radiative decays of B0 and Bs mesons to orbitally excited states, produced in proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) of CERN (European Council for Nuclear Research). It takes place in the context of the search for new physics processes beyond the standard model of particle physics. The work is based on the data collected at the LHCb experiment during the Run 1(2011-2012) and the Run 2 (2015-2018) of the LHC, which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of about 8.7 fb−1. First, an optimised selection of the final states comprising of two charged tracks and a high energy photon is put in place, regrouping a large samples of B hadron radiative decays. Then, a mass model is fit to the data distribution, allowing to statistically subtract the background contributions in the data set.A first amplitude analysis is then developed to study the hadronic structure in the Bs → K+K−γ decay mode. Resulting from this analysis is the first observation of the Bs → f2j (1525)γ mode together with a relative branching ratio measurement:B(Bs → f2j γ) = (24.1 ± 0.9 (stat) +1.6 (syst) ± 0.6 (br)) × 10−2B(Bs → φγ) −0.8It is the second radiative decay mode observed for the Bs meson. A similar analysis is performed on the B0 → K±π∓γ mode, allowing a preliminary measurement of the relative branching ratio of B0 → K2∗(1430)γ:(B0 K∗0(1430)γ)B(B0 → K∗0(892)γ) = (36.4 ± 0.4 (stat) ± 1.3(BR))%However, a detailed systematics study is needed to assess its competitivity with previous measurements of this decay mode. Making use of a similar selection strategy, a preliminary study of B K0hhγ modes is also set up during the thesis to estimate the available statistics for these modes at LHCb, which are particularly interesting to measure the photon polarisation in the b sγ transition. This work will be the starting point of an analysis comprising the future data that will be collected during the Run 3 of the LHC
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Eichlerová, Gabriela. "Možnosti implementace některých standardů IPSAS do české účetní legislativy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162530.
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This diploma thesis deals with possibilities of implementation of chosen International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) into Czech Accounting Legislation. It also describes key characteristics of public sector and general concepts contained in Conceptual Framework. Selected IPSAS are analyzed and compared with national standards in order to outline possibilities of implementation of international approaches to Czech Accounting Legislation. The main part of the thesis is focused on the folowing specific areas: tangible and intangible assets, impairment and non-exchange transactions.
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Wheeling, Barbara Mary. "Contextualizing the harmonization of accounting standards for foreign currency translation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0019/NQ46943.pdf.
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Dominguez, Didier. "Application de l'effet hall quantique en metrologie : conservation de l'ohm et determination de la constante de structure fine." Paris, CNAM, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CNAM0084.
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Etude experimentale de l'effet hall quantique sur des heterojonctions gaas-algaas et ingaas-inp. Comparaison des resistances de hall de differents echantillons. Mesure de la constante de structure fine a l'aide d'une determination absolue du farad et de l'ohm, a partir d'un etalon calculable de capacite electrique de type thompson-lampard a cinq electrodes
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Nolan, Karin. "American Elementary Music Programs: Current Instructional Methods, Goals, Resources, and Content Standards by Geographic Region and Grade Level." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194200.
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The purpose of this investigation was to identify current instructional practices, goals, and content standards addressed in American elementary music programs. Participants (N = 963) were sampled from elementary music teachers across the United States and administered a survey addressing music classes offered to each elementary grade level, average music instructional time, use of state standards and district music curricula, use of published materials, music integration, program goals, and perceived importance of various content standards by grade level. The three most frequently indicated music classes offered to elementary students were general music (84.57%), Orff (5.36%), and band (3.12%). Instrumental options and choir were typically only offered to older elementary students. Most elementary students received music instruction for an average of 31 to 60 minutes per week. Older students, however, tended to receive longer amounts of music instructional time. Over 81% of teachers regularly used their states’ standards when developing lessons. Slightly over two-thirds of all participants were provided a music curriculum to follow, although only 38.53% of total participants almost always followed it. Almost 48% sometimes used and over 36% almost always used published materials; Silver Burdett/Ginn and MacMillan/McGraw-Hill published the most popular series among elementary music teachers. Participants primarily used Essential Elements 2000 for band and orchestra. Nationally, 82.24% of participants indicated they regularly integrated music with other academic areas during lessons. On average, elementary music teachers integrated between three and four different subjects with music. Among the prominent areas reinforced through music were language arts (77.31%), mathematics (66.03%), social studies (55.77%), science (39.87%), and history (33.21%). The most commonly indicated music program goals were to foster students’: lifelong love of music; music appreciation; music foundation skills; and music reading skills. Participants also rated by grade level the perceived importance of various behavioral objectives separated into three content areas: pitch, rhythm, and musicality/history/timbre. After collecting all data and evaluating national trends, the researcher compared responses by geographic region - divided into the six MENC regions - and grade level, when appropriate. In each survey item where the researcher conducted tests of significance, significant (p ≤ .05) main effect differences were found.
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Billings, Don, Mei Wei, Joseph Leung, Michio Aoyagi, Fred Shigemoto, and Rob Honeyman. "REAL-TIME INTEGRATION OF RADAR INFORMATION, AND GROUND AND RADIOSONDE METEOROLOGY WITH FLIGHT RESEARCH DATA." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607368.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaAlthough PCM/TDM framed data is one of the most prevalent formats handled by flight test ranges, it is often required to acquire and process other types. Examples of such non-standard data types are radar position information and meteorological data from both ground based and radiosonde systems. To facilitate the process and management of such non-standard data types, a micro-processor based system was developed to acquire and transform them into a standard PCM/TDM data frame. This obviated the expense of developing additional special software and hardware to handle such non-standard data types.
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Košťálová, Klára. "Vliv transakcí v cizích měnách na účetnictví podle české legislativy a Mezinárodních standardů účetního výkaznictví (IFRS/IAS)." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113300.
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This thesis describes the influence of the foreign currency on the accounting according to the Czech accounting principles and International financial reporting standards (IAS/IFRS). It especially focuses on determination of exchange rate for conversion of transaction to the domestic currency and for solving the exchange difference. In the next part there are described issues with the exchange difference from the view of IAS/IFRS. There are explained terms like functional currency and presentation currency. Also there are described the methods for transfer of financial reports from foreign currency to the functional currency and from the functional currency to the presentation currency. The last chapter compares both legislation and it warns about the most important differences.
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Pollitt, Joanne. "Postretirement benefits other than pensions : recommendations based on a study of relevant standards, conceptual frameworks and current trends." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9653.
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Bibliography: leaves 154-161.The FASB began work in the area of postretirement benefits other than pensions (hereafter OPEB) in the early 1980's. It was to be a long, involved process, culminating in the issue of SF AS 106 in 1990. It was commented at the time that "the proposed standard on non-pension postretirement benefits has been argued to be the most significant accounting change since the adoption of depreciation and the total impact of the standard on corporate profits has been estimated at between $200 billion and a trillion dollars" (Espahbodi et al, 1991 , pp 325). It was SFAS 106 and the well-documented effects thereof that heralded the development of other international accounting standards dealing with OPEB. There is currently little guidance in South Africa as to how OPEB should be both accounted for and disclosed in financial statements. Although AC 305 has been issued, this is merely a guideline and compliance therewith is not compulsory. There is currently some confusion as to whether AC 116, dealing with pensions, applies to other postretirement benefits. In light of this, this thesis aimed to propose an acceptable method of accounting for OPEB in South Africa bearing in mind the possible reactions of management to the disclosure of an OPEB liability and the needs of users of financial statements, who in understanding the complex issues surrounding the provision of postretirement benefits will need extensive disclosures. The TASC's harmonisation process also has to be considered as a South African pronouncement should be consistent with any standards issued by the TASC. In order to achieve this objective, a literature review was conducted on the conceptual frameworks that have been issued by the FASB, TASC, TCAEW, CTCA and the AARF. This was done so as to ensure that OPEB do in fact meet the definitions of liabilities and the recognition criteria as contained in the various frameworks. The exposure drafts and accounting standard issued by these accounting bodies were then considered so as to determine whether they were in conformity with the conceptual frameworks upon which they are based and to highlight any differences between the accounting treatments and disclosures in the various countries.
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Bunin, J. Christopher. "A Study of the Relationship Between Current Event Knowledge and the Ability to Construct a Mental Map of the World." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31030.
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This thesis studied the relationship between current event knowledge and the ability to construct a mental map of the world. It was hypothesized that participates with more current event knowledge would demonstrate better mental mapping abilities. The study was designed using two activities recommended for 12th graders by Geography for Life, National Geography Standards 1994, and the theory of spatial familiarity (Kitchen, 1994b; Gale et al., 1990, Golledge & Spector, 1978). One hundred-twenty eight students drawn from two courses offered at Virginia Tech completed a participant profile questionnaire, a current event quiz, drew a map of the world outlining the seven continents, and located and labeled 27 cities on a world map. Using ATLAS GIS the sketch maps and place locations were digitally transformed and scored for accuracy. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze current event knowledge, place location ability, and sketch mapping ability. Using Spearman rank correlation, the relationship between current event knowledge and mental mapping abilities was assessed at a number of levels. Results indicate that participants with a stronger understanding of current events tended to create a more accurate mental map of the world. That is, place location accuracy and drawing accuracy correlated with current event knowledge. However, similar to previous research (Cross, 1987; Helgren, 1983; Muller, 1985) place location knowledge outside of North America and Western Europe was poor. The results of this thesis offer baseline data that can be used for future research to study the effectiveness of the national standards set forth in Geography for Life.Master of Science
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Kňava, Miroslav. "Vyjadřování nejistoty výsledku zkoušky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229157.
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The aim of this work is to analyze the methodology for executing examination heat transfer tubes of steam generator by method of eddy currents on EDU, to create the model for the estimate of standard combined uncertainty of efficiency value, quantify the individual components of standard uncertainties, analyse the influence of different components on the expressing of uncertainty, to make the final estimate of standard combined and enlarged uncertainty of efficiency value and as of minor objective to evaluate the suitability of the use of this method .
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Schulz, Fawn M. "A critical discourse analysis of current composition theory use in IRA/NCTE standards for the English language arts, Ohio middle school English language arts standards and Ohio state writing assessments." University of Findlay / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=findlay1595859435945569.
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Poláková, Simona. "Příprava perovskitových solárních článků se standardní n-i-p strukturou a jejich optimalizace." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-444539.
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The diploma thesis deals with the study of perovskite solar cells with a regular n-i-p architecture. The theoretical part of this work is mainly focused on the stability of perovskite solar cells, i.e. thermal stability and the influence of UV radiation on final perovskite solar cell stability. Furthermore, the deposition methods, the architecture of solar cells and the materials used for the preparation of electron and hole transport layers were described in more detail. The experimental part deals with the optimization of the preparation of perovskite solar cells (especially in terms of resulting photovoltaic conversion efficiency), with a description of the structure preparation process of the final photovoltaic cell and the interpretation of the measured results.
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Botha, Johanna Catharina. "Rapid sequence intubation: a survey of current practice in the South African pre-hospital setting." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32615.
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Background: Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) is an advanced airway skill commonly performed in the pre-hospital setting globally. In South Africa, pre-hospital RSI was first approved for non-physician providers by the Health Professions Council of South Africa in 2009 and introduced as part of the scope of practice of degree qualified Emergency Care Practitioners (ECPs) only. The aim of the research study was to investigate and describe, based on the components of the minimum standards of pre-hospital RSI in South Africa, specific areas of interest related to current pre-hospital RSI practice. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design in the form of an online survey were conducted amongst operational ECPs in the pre-hospital setting of South Africa, using convenience and snowball sampling strategies. Results: A total of 87 participants agreed to participate. Eleven (12.6%) incomplete survey responses were excluded while 76 (87.4%) were included in the data analysis. The survey response rate could not be calculated. Most participants were operational in Gauteng (n=27, 35.5%) and the Western Cape (n=25, 32.9%). Overall participants reported that their education and training were perceived as being of good quality. An overwhelming number of participants (n=69, 90.8%) did not participate in an internship programme before commencing duties as an independent practitioner. Most RSI and post-intubation equipment were reported to be available, however, our results found that introducer stylets and/or bougies and EtCO2 devices are not available to some participants. Only 50 (65.8%) participants reported the existence of a clinical governance system within their organisation. Furthermore, our results indicate a lack of clinical feedback, deficiency of an RSI database, infrequent clinical review meetings and a shortage of formal consultation frameworks. Conclusion: The practice of safe and effective pre-hospital RSI, performed by non-physician providers or ECPs, rely on comprehensive implementation and adherence to all the 51 components of the minimum standards. Although there is largely an apparent alignment with the minimum standards, recurrent revision of practice needs to occur to ensure alignment with recommendations. Additionally, there are areas that may benefit from further research to improve current practice.
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Rocha, Raquel Mafra. "Fuel hedging e o impacto cambial : uma análise sobre os custos operacionais das companhias aéreas IAG e Finnair." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20107.
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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças EmpresariaisA indústria aérea tem se deparado com a crescente volatilidade que tem existido no mercado do petróleo, uma vez que afeta os seus custos, tendo o combustível um peso de cerca de 30% dos custos operacionais da indústria. Esta situação leva ao uso de várias estratégias de gestão do risco do combustível por parte das companhias aéreas, com o objetivo de redução dos custos do combustível e eliminação da volatilidade dos preços de mercado. Face a situação atual nos mercados, este trabalho visa analisar os custos operacionais de duas companhias aéreas, a IAG e a Finnair. Tem o objetivo de estudar a evolução das receitas e dos custos que as organizações incorreram com as atuais estratégias de hedging do combustível e da taxa de câmbio para assim poder comparar os resultados obtidos pelas diferentes estratégias utilizadas e identificar qual das duas foi a mais eficiente. Iniciamos o estudo através de uma análise da estatística descritiva dos custos e receitas operacionais de cada empresa, recorrendo a medidas standard da aviação. Posteriormente, recorremos a regressões lineares para estudar o impacto do preço do petróleo e como o câmbio interfere no custo unitário do combustível, utilizando variáveis de controlo nas regressões.
The Aviation industry as struggled against the increased volatility that exists in the oil market, affecting its costs, with the fuel weighing 30% in the industries operational costs. This situation leads to the adoption of several risk management strategies for fuel by aviation companies with the goal of fuel cost reduction and thus mitigating the volatility in market prices. In light of current market situation, this work aims to study the operational costs of two airlines, IAG and Finnair, the goal is to check the evolution of their costs an revenues against their hedging strategies for both fuel and currency exchange and thus comparing results achieved by both airlines and find the most efficient one. The study began with a statistical analysis of operational costs and revenue for both entities using standard aviation metrics and later integrating linear regressions to study the impact of oil (price) and currency exchange rate in the cost of fuel, control variables were also used.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion