Academic literature on the topic 'CURRENT CONTROL SCHEMES'
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Journal articles on the topic "CURRENT CONTROL SCHEMES"
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Limongi, L., R. Bojoi, G. Griva, and A. Tenconi. "Digital current-control schemes." IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine 3, no. 1 (March 2009): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mie.2009.931894.
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Fujita, Hideaki, Hiroshi Yamashita, and Hirofumi Akagi. "Control and Performance of Digital Current-Control Schemes." Journal of the Japan Institute of Power Electronics 29, no. 1 (2003): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5416/jipe2003.29.1_93.
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Yuan, Jie, Dingdou Wen, and Yang Zhang. "Model Predictive Current Control Strategy with Reduced Computation Burden." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (February 4, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6677543.
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In this paper, three model predictive current control (MPCC) schemes for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are studied. The first control scheme is the traditional optimal duty cycle model predictive current control (ODC-MPCC). In this scheme, according to the principle of minimizing the cost function, the optimal voltage vector is selected from the six basic voltage vectors which are optimized simultaneously with the duty, and then, the optimal voltage vector and its duty are applied to the inverter. In order to reduce the computational burden of ODC-MPCC, a second control scheme is proposed. This scheme optimizes the voltage vector control set, reducing the number of candidate voltage vectors from 6 to 2. Finally, according to the principle of minimizing the cost function, the optimal voltage vector is found from the two voltage vectors, and the optimal voltage vector and its duty cycle are applied to the inverter. In addition, in order to further improve the steady-state performance, another vector selection method is introduced. In the combination of voltage vectors, the third control scheme extends the combination of voltage vectors in the second control scheme. The simulation results show that the second control scheme not only reduces the computational burden of the first control scheme but also obtains steady-state performance and dynamic performance equivalent to the first control scheme. The third control scheme obtains better steady-state performance without significantly increasing the computational burden and has dynamic performance comparable to the first and second control schemes.
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Azab, Mohamed. "Comparative Study of BLDC Motor Drives with Different Approaches: FCS-Model Predictive Control and Hysteresis Current Control." World Electric Vehicle Journal 13, no. 7 (June 24, 2022): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj13070112.
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The control techniques of the brushless DC (BLDC) motor have gained a large amount of interest in recent years, with their use being implemented in order to achieve a high-performance drive, including quick transient response and high-quality waveforms at the steady state. This paper provides a comparative study between three control schemes of BLDC motors: the direct power control scheme using a finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) approach, the stator current controlled scheme using an FCS-MPC approach, and the stator current controlled scheme using ON–OFF hysteresis current controllers. The three systems were studied and investigated under the same operating conditions. The comparative study included investigating the performance of the BLDC drive in both steady state and transient operations. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed on the results obtained with each control scheme. The obtained results demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the three investigated schemes in controlling the motor speed to the desired value under sudden load changes and achieving satisfactory quick transient responses. However, the results indicate the superiority of the direct power control scheme using an FCS-MPC approach over the others in terms of its minimum torque ripple, lowest torque and speed pulsations, minimum active and reactive power ripples, and high-quality waveforms of the stator currents drawn by the motor with minimum THD.
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Abubakar, Muhammad, Herwig Renner, and Robert Schürhuber. "Development of A Novel Control Scheme for Grid-Following Converter under Asymmetrical Faults." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 25, 2023): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031276.
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With the increasing penetration of converter-based power sources into the power system, the performance of the converter has become a key factor for enhancing grid reliability, especially during asymmetrical faults. To meet the low voltage ride-through requirements, the converter should feed the reactive power to the grid for voltage support while ensuring the maximum current limitation for the converter’s safety. For such injections, the grid codes are defined. This paper presents a novel and simplified reference current generation scheme to fulfill the requirement of recent grid codes, ensure the current limit of the converter and confirm better utilization of the converter’s current capacity during asymmetrical faults. Moreover, it also discusses the new sequence extraction scheme based on the delay sample method in the stationary reference frame and the control modifications for the negative sequence current injection. The proposed scheme was tested for different priority injection schemes. Its performance was also compared with other control schemes. Detailed simulation studies, in MATLAB/Simulink, were presented to confirm the performance of the proposed scheme under different faulty conditions. The results confirmed the supremacy of the proposed scheme over the available schemes for better utilization of the converter’s current capacity during asymmetrical faults. It also ensured the peak current limitation of the converter while fulfilling the recent grid code requirements. Moreover, the results showed that the new scheme has 10% more current capacity compared to the other schemes due to better incorporation of the angle between the positive and negative phase sequences of the voltage.
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Hawkins, Nicholas, Bhagyashri Bhagwat, and Michael L. McIntyre. "Nonlinear Current-Mode Control of SCIG Wind Turbines." Energies 14, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010055.
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In this paper, a nonlinear controller is proposed to manage the rotational speed of a full-variable Squirrel Cage Induction Generator wind turbine. This control scheme improves upon tractional vector controllers by removing the need for a rotor flux observer. Additionally, the proposed controller manages the performance through turbulent wind conditions by accounting for unmeasurable wind torque dynamics. This model-based approach utilizes a current-based control in place of traditional voltage-mode control and is validated using a Lyapunov-based stability analysis. The proposed scheme is compared to a linear vector controller through simulation results. These results demonstrate that the proposed controller is far more robust to wind turbulence than traditional control schemes.
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Javed, Khalid, Ruben De Croo, Lieven Vandevelde, and Frederik De Belie. "Circulating Current Control in Interleaved and Parallel Connected Power Converters." Machines 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2023): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11090878.
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This article analyzes circulating current control in single-phase power electronic converters, focusing on two different topologies: interleaved and parallel configurations. The study involves a bridgeless interleaving topology with two boost converters for increased efficiency. A parallel connection is also examined for monitoring line current, circulating currents, and power factor control. The article widely explains all current loops, including Common Mode Circulating Currents (CMCC) in the bridgeless interleaved topology and Differential Mode Circulating Currents (DMCC) in parallel-connected interleaved power converters. The proposed control scheme employs voltage and current control loops for output voltage and line current control and introduces CMCC and DMCC compensators to eliminate all types of circulating currents. An efficient Power Factor Correction (PFC) and output voltage control method is presented in this article. The effectiveness of the proposed schemes is validated through comparisons with modern control systems. The results are verified using Simulink/MATLAB and experimental setups with TI Instruments Piccolo prototypes and C2000 (TMS320F28035 microcontroller MCU) microcontrollers in parallel configurations.
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Grcar, Bojan, Gorazd Stumberger, Anton Hofer, and Peter Cafuta. "IM Torque Control Schemes Based on Stator Current Vector." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 61, no. 1 (January 2014): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2013.2247016.
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Moin, Parviz, and Thomas Bewley. "Feedback Control of Turbulence." Applied Mechanics Reviews 47, no. 6S (June 1, 1994): S3—S13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3124438.
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A brief review of current approaches to active feedback control of the fluctuations arising in turbulent flows is presented, emphasizing the mathematical techniques involved. Active feedback control schemes are categorized and compared by examining the extent to which they are based on the governing flow equations. These schemes are broken down into the following categories: adaptive schemes, schemes based on heuristic physical arguments, schemes based on a dynamical systems approach, and schemes based on optimal control theory applied directly to the Navier-Stokes equations. Recent advances in methods of implementing small scale flow control ideas are also reviewed.
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Peng, Jingyao, and Ming Yao. "Overview of Predictive Control Technology for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Systems." Applied Sciences 13, no. 10 (May 19, 2023): 6255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13106255.
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Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are commonly used in the automation industry. With the speedy development of digital system processors, predictive control as a modern control scheme has been applied to improve the dynamic performance and work efficiency of PMSMs. This paper provides an overview of the research status of PMSM-based predictive control strategies. The deficiencies of the three most popular predictive schemes, deadbeat predictive control, finite-control-set model predictive control, and continuous-control-set model predictive control, and existing improvement strategies such as delay compensation schemes, robust control schemes, and multi-vector control schemes, are summarized. Finally, current technological trends are discussed, emphasizing future research directions for predictive control in PMSM drive systems.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CURRENT CONTROL SCHEMES"
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Ghahderijani, Mohammad Moradi. "Dynamic modelling and control schemes for current-source resonant converters." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/481978.
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This thesis focuses on the control methods applied to current source resonant converters, especially in two different applications of switching power supplies and wire-less power transfer systems. In fact, the existing applications are mostly working with voltage source resonant converters. For voltage-source resonant converters, many control strategies have been analyzed and investigated, turning this into a mature technology nowadays. The current-source resonant converter is an alternative solution as they offer well-known advantages such as non-pulsating input current, low stress for switches, simple driving circuitry, and short circuit protection capabilities.
However, there is an obvious lack of control methods applicable to current-source resonant converters. In addition, obtaining an appropriate dynamic model to be used in control design is the other challenging issue in this field. Hence, the objectives of this thesis are used to fill these gaps. The proposed control schemes are:
- Frequency modulation control scheme applied to a DC/DC current-source parallel resonant converter.
- Sliding mode control scheme with amplitude modulation applied to a DC/DC current-source parallel resonant converter.
- A control scheme for a multiple-output DC/DC current-source parallel resonant converter.
- A communication-less control scheme for a variable air-gap wireless energy transfer system using a current-source resonant converter.Esta tesis doctoral está centrada en los métodos de control aplicados a los convertidores resonantes con fuente de corriente, especialmente en dos aplicaciones distintas como son fuentes de alimentación conmutadas y sistemas de transferencia de energía sin hilos. De hecho, las aplicaciones existentes trabajan principalmente con convertidores alimentados mediante fuentes de tensión. Para los convertidores resonantes con fuente de tensión, se han analizado muchas estrategias de control en la literatura, lo que hace hoy en día que esta sea una tecnología madura. El convertidor resonante con fuente de corriente es una solución alternativa, que ofrece ventajas conocidas como corriente de entrada no pulsante, baja tensión para interruptores, circuitos de conducción sencillos y capacidades de protección contra cortocircuitos. Sin embargo, existe una falta evidente de métodos de control aplicables a los convertidores resonantes con fuente de corriente. Además, otro desafío en este tema es la obtención de modelos dinámicos apropiados para el diseño del control. Por lo tanto, los objetivos de esta tesis se utilizan para llenar estos vacíos. Los esquemas de control propuestos son: - Esquema de control en frecuencia aplicado a un convertidor resonante paralelo con fuente de corriente para reguladores de tensión en continua - Esquema de control en modo de deslizamiento con modulación de amplitud aplicado a un convertidor resonante paralelo con fuente de corriente para reguladores de tensión en continua. - Esquema de control para un convertidor resonante paralelo con fuente de corriente para la regulación de tensión en continua de varias salidas. - Esquema de control sin comunicaciones para un sistema de transferencia de energía sin hilos con un transformador con entrehierro variable basado en un convertidor resonante con fuente de corriente.
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Pal, Subarna. "Simulation of current mode control schemes for power factor correction circuits." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0008/MQ36162.pdf.
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Jassim, Bassim M. H. "Active current sharing control schemes for parallel connected AC/DC/AC converters." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3086.
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The parallel operation of voltage fed converters can be used in many applications, such as aircraft, aerospace, and wind turbines, to increase the current handling capability, system efficiency, flexibility, and reliability through providing redundancy. Also, the maintenance of low power parallel connected units is lower than one high power unit. Significant performance improvement can be attained with parallel converters employing interleaving techniques where small passive components can be used due to harmonic cancellation. In spite of the advantages offered by parallel connected converters, the circulating current problem is still a major concern. The term circulating current describes the uneven current sharing between the units. This circulating current leads to: current distortion, unbalanced operation, which possibly damages the converters, and a reduction in overall system performance. Therefore, current sharing control methods become necessary to limit the circulating current in a parallel connected converter system. The work in this thesis proposes four active current sharing control schemes for two equally rated, directly paralleled, AC/DC/AC converters. The first scheme is referred to as a “time sharing approach,” and it divides the operation time between the converters. Accordingly, in the scheme inter-module reactors become unnecessary, as these are normally employed at the output of each converter. However, this approach can only be used with a limited number of parallel connected units. To avoid this limitation, three other current sharing control schemes are proposed. Moreover, these three schemes can be adopted with any pulse width modulation (PWM) strategy and can be easily extended to three or more parallel connected units since they employ a modular architecture. The proposed current sharing control methods are employed in two applications: a current controller for three-phase RL load and an open loop V/f speed control for a three-phase induction motor. The performance of the proposed methods is verified in both transient and steady state conditions using numerical simulation and experimental testing.
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Liu, Pei-Hsin. "Advanced Control Schemes for High-Bandwidth Multiphase Voltage Regulators." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52275.
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Advances in transistor-integration technology and multi-core technology of the latest microprocessors have driven transient requirements to become more and more stringent. Rather than relying on the bulky output capacitors as energy-storage devices, increasing the control bandwidth (BW) of the multiphase voltage regulator (VR) is a more cost-effective and space-saving approach. However, it is found that the stability margin of current-mode control in high-BW design is very sensitive to operating conditions and component tolerance, depending on the performance of the current-sensing techniques, modulation schemes, and interleaving approaches. The primary objective of this dissertation is to investigate an advanced multiphase current-mode control, which provides accurate current sensing, enhances the stability margin in high-BW design, and adaptively compensates the parameter variations.
Firstly, an equivalent circuit model for generic current-mode controls using DCR current sensing is developed to analyze the impact of component tolerance in high-BW design. Then, the existing state-of-the-art auto-tuning method used to improve current-sensing accuracy is reviewed, and the deficiency of using this method in a multiphase VR is identified. After that, enlightened by the proposed model, a novel auto-tuning method is proposed. This novel method features better tuning performance, noise-insensitivity, and simpler implementation than the state-of-the-art method.
Secondly, the current state-of-the-art adaptive current-mode control based on constant-frequency PWM is reviewed, and its inability to maintain adequate stability margin in high-BW design is recognized. Therefore, a new external ramp compensation technique is proposed to keep the stability margin insensitive to the operating conditions and component tolerance, so the proposed high-BW constant-frequency control can meet the transient requirement without the presence of bulky output capacitors. The control scheme is generic and can be used in various kinds of constant-frequency controls, such as peak-current-mode, valley-current-mode, and average-current-mode configurations.
Thirdly, an interleaving technique incorporating an adaptive PLL loop is presented, which enables the variable-frequency control to push the BW higher than proposed constant-frequency control, and avoids the beat-frequency input ripple. A generic small-signal model of the PLL loop is derived to investigate the stability issue caused by the parameter variations. Then, based on the proposed model, a simple adaptive control is developed to allow the BW of the PLL loop to be anchored at the highest phase margin. The adaptive PLL structure is applicable to different types of variable-frequency control, including constant on-time control and ramp pulse modulation.
Fourthly, a hybrid interleaving structure is explored to simplify the implementation of the adaptive PLL structure in an application with more phases. It combines the adaptive PLL loop with a pulse-distribution technique to take the advantage of the high-BW design and fast transient response without adding a burden to the controller implementation.
As a conclusion, based on the proposed analytical models, effective control concepts, systematic optimization strategies, viable implementations are fully investigated for high-BW current-mode control using different modulation techniques. Moreover, all the modeling results and the system performance are verified through simulation with a practical output filter model and an advanced mixed-signal experimental platform based on the latest MHz VR design on the laptop motherboard. In consequence, the multiphase VRs in future computation systems can be scalable easier with proposed multiphase configurations, increase the system reliability with proposed adaptive loop compensation, and minimize the total system footprint of the VR with the superior transient performance.Ph. D.
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Lee, Moonhyun. "Digital-Based Zero-Current Switching (ZCS) Control Schemes for Three-Level Boost Power-Factor Correction (PFC) Converter." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99694.
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With the increasing demands on electronic loads (e.g. desktop, laptop, monitor, LED lighting and server) in modern technology-driven lives, performance of switched-mode power supply (SMPS) for electronics have been growing to prominence. As front-end converters in typical SMPS structure, ac-dc power-factor correction (PFC) circuits play a key role in regulations of input power factor, harmonics and dc output voltage, which has a decisive effect on entire power-supply performances. Universal ac-line and low-power system (90–264 Vrms, up to 300–400 W) is one of the most common power-supply specifications and boost-derived PFC topologies have been widely used for the purpose. In order to concurrently achieve high efficiency and low-cost system in the PFC stage, zero-current switching (ZCS) control schemes are highly employed in control principles. Representative schemes are discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and critical conduction mode (CRM). Both modes can realize ZCS turn-on without diode reverse recovery so that low switching losses and low-cost diode utilizations are obtainable.
Among various boost-family PFC topologies, three-level boost (TLB) converter has generated considerable research interest in high-voltage high-power applications. It is mainly due to the fact that the topology can have halved component voltage stresses, improved waveform qualities and electromagnetic interference (EMI) from phase interleaved continuous conduction mode (CCM) operations, compared to other two-level boost PFC converters. On the other hand, in the field of universal-line low-power applications, TLB PFC has been thoroughly out of focus since doubled component counts and increased control complexity than two-level topologies are practical burden for the low-cost systems. However, recent researches on TLB PFC with ZCS control schemes have found that cost-competitiveness of the topology is actually comparable to two-level boost PFC converters because the halved component voltage stresses enable usage of low voltage-rating components of which unit prices are cheaper than higher-rating ones. Based on the justification, researches on ZCS control schemes for TLB PFC have been conducted to get enhanced waveform qualities and performance factors.
Following the research stream, a three-level current modulation scheme that can be adopted in both DCM and CRM is proposed in Chapter 2 of this dissertation. Main concept of the proposed current modulation is additional degree-of-freedom in current-slope shaping by differentiating on-times of two active switches, which cannot be found from any other single-phase boost-derived PFC topologies. Using the multilevel feature, proposed operations in one switching period consist of three steps: common-switch on-time, single-switch on-time and common-switch off-time. The single-switch on-time step is key design factor of the proposed modulation that can be utilized either in fixed or adjustable form depending on control purpose. Based on the basic modulation concept, three-level CRM control scheme, adjustable three-level DCM control scheme, and spread-spectrum frequency modulation (SSFM) with adjustable three-level DCM scheme are proposed in Chapter 3–5, respectively.
In each chapter, implemented control scheme aims to improve different performance factors. In Chapter 3, the proposed three-level CRM scheme uses increased single-switch on-time period to reduce peak inductor current and magnitude of variable switching frequency. It is generally accepted fact that CRM operations suffer from high switching losses and poor efficiency at light load due to considerable increment of switching frequency. Thus, efficiency improvement effect by the proposed CRM scheme becomes remarkable as load condition goes lighter. In experimental verifications, maximum improvement is measured by 1.2% at light load (20%) and overall efficiency is increased by at least 0.4% all over the load range. In Chapter 4, three-level DCM control scheme adopts adjustable single-switch on-time period in fixed switching-frequency framework. The purpose of adjustable control scheme is to widen the length of non-zero inductor current period as much as possible so that discontinued current period and high peak current of DCM operations can be minimized. Experiment results show that, compared to conventional two-level DCM control, full-load peak inductor currents are reduced by 20.2% and 17.1% at 110 and 220 Vrms input voltage conditions, respectively. Moreover, due to turn-off switching energy decrements by the turn-off current reductions, efficiency is also improved by at least 0.4% regardless of input voltage and load conditions. In Chapter 5, a downward SSFM technique is developed first for DCM operations of boosting PFC converters including two-level topologies. This chapter aims to achieve significant reduction of high differential-mode (DM) EMI amplitudes from DCM operations, which is major drawback of DCM control. By using the simple linearized frequency modulation, peak DM EMI noise at full load condition is reduced by 12.7 dBμV than conventional fixed-frequency DCM control. On top of the proposed SSFM, the adjustable three-level DCM control scheme in Chapter 4 is adopted to get further reductions of EMI noises. Experimental results prove that the collaborations of SSFM and adjustable DCM scheme reduce the EMI amplitudes further by 2.5 dBμV than the result of SSFM itself. The reduced EMI amplitudes are helpful to design input EMI filter with higher cut-off frequency and smaller size.
Different from two-level boosting PFC converters, TLB PFC topology has two output capacitors in series and inherently suffers from voltage unbalancing issue, which can be noted as topological trade-off. In Chapter 6, two simple but effective voltage balancing schemes are introduced. The balancing schemes can be easily built into the proposed ZCS control schemes in Chapter 3–5 and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed balancing principles.
For all the proposed control schemes in this dissertation, detailed operation principles, derivation process of key equations, comparative analyses, implementation method with digital controller and experimental verifications with TLB PFC prototype are provided.Doctor of Philosophy
Electronic-based devices and loads have been essential parts of modern society founded on rapid advancements of information technologies. Along with the progress, power supplying and charging of electronic products become routinized in daily lives, but still remain critical requisites for reliable operations. In many power-electronics-based supplying systems, ac-dc power-factor correction (PFC) circuits are generally located at front-end to feed back-end loads from universal ac-line sources. Since PFC stages have a key role in regulating ac-side current quality and dc-side voltage control, the importance of PFC performances cannot be emphasized enough from entire system point of view. Thus, advanced control schemes for PFC converters have been developed in quantity to achieve efficient operations and competent power qualities such as high power factor, low harmonic distortions and low electromagnetic interferences (EMI) noises. In this dissertation, a sort of PFC topologies named three-level boost (TLB) converter is chosen for target topology. Based on inherent three-level waveform capability of the topology, multiple zero-current switching (ZCS) control schemes are proposed. Compared to many conventional two-level PFC topologies, TLB PFC can provide additional degree-of-freedom to current modulation. The increased control flexibility can realize improvements of various waveform qualities including peak current stress, switching frequency range, harmonics and EMI amplitude. From the experimental results in this dissertation, improvements of waveform qualities in TLB PFC with the proposed schemes are verified with comparison to two-level current control schemes; in terms of efficiency, the results show that TLB PFC with the proposed schemes can have similar converter efficiency with conventional two-level boost converter in spite of increased component counts in the topology. Further, the proposed three-level control schemes can be utilized in adjustable forms to accomplish different control objectives depending on system characteristics and applications. In each chapter of this dissertation, a novel control scheme is proposed and explained with details of operation principle, key equations and digital implementation method. All the effectiveness of proposals and analyses are validated by a proper set of experimental results with a TLB PFC prototype.
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Kotecha, Ramchandra M. "Analysis and Comparison of Popular Models for Current-Mode Control of Switch Mode Power Supplies." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1300211710.
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Jimenez, Carrizosa Miguel. "Hierarchical control scheme for multi-terminal high voltage direct current power networks." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112039/document.
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Cette thèse traite de la commande hiérarchique de réseaux à courant continu multi-terminaux à haute tension (MT-HVDC) intégrant des sources d'énergie renouvelables à grande échelle. Le schéma de contrôle proposé est composé de quatre ‘couches’ : le contrôle local où se trouvent les convertisseurs de puissance, avec une échelle de temps de l’ordre de la milliseconde ; le contrôle primaire qui est décentralisé et appliqué à plusieurs terminaux avec une échelle du temps de l’ordre de la seconde ; un niveau de commande où la communication est prise en compte et où l’approche de Modèle du Commande Prédictive (MPC) assure la planification de la tension et de la puissance à leur état d'équilibre, pour l'ensemble du système; enfin, le contrôleur de niveau supérieur, qui est principalement basé sur les techniques d'optimisation, où les aspects économiques sont pris en compte (il s’agit du réglage dit tertiaire).Au niveau des convertisseurs, un accent particulier est mis sur les convertisseurs bidirectionnels DC/DC. Dans cette thèse, trois topologies différentes sont étudiées en profondeur: deux phases Dual Active Bridge (DAB), trois phases DAB, et l’utilisation de la technologie Modular Multilevel converter (MMC) comme convertisseur DC/DC. Pour chaque topologie, une commande non-linéaire spécifique est discutée. D’autre part une nouvelle fonction pour le convertisseur DC/DC est étudiée. Il s’agit de son utilisation comme disjoncteur à courant continu (DC-CB). En ce qui concerne le contrôle primaire, qui permet de maintenir le niveau de tension continue dans le réseau, nous avons étudié trois philosophies de contrôle: celle de maître/esclave, celui du contrôle « voltage margin control » et celle de la commande du statisme (droop control). Enfin, nous avons choisi d'utiliser le droop control, entre autres, parce que la communication entre les nœuds n’est pas nécessaire. Concernant la commande secondaire, son principal objectif est de planifier le transfert de puissance entre les nœuds du réseau, qui fournissent la tension et la puissance de référence aux contrôleurs locaux et primaires, même lorsque des perturbations apparaissent. Dans cette partie, nous avons proposé une nouvelle approche pour résoudre les problèmes de flux de puissance (équations non-linéaires) basée sur le théorème du point fixe de l’application contractive. Ceci permet d'utiliser plus d'un slack bus, contrairement à l’approche classique basée sur la méthode de Newton-Raphson. Par ailleurs, le réglage secondaire joue un rôle très important dans les applications pratiques, en particulier lorsque les sources d'énergie renouvelables (variables dans le temps). Dans de tels cas, il est intéressant de considérer des dispositifs de stockage afin d'améliorer la stabilité de tout le système. Il est également possible d'envisager différents types de prévisions (météo, charge, ..) basées sur la gestion des réserves de stockage. Toutes ces caractéristiques ont suggéré l'utilisation d'une approche MPC. Dans ce contexte, plusieurs critères d'optimisation ont été considérés, en particulier la minimisation des pertes de transmission ou des congestions dans le réseau.La tâche principale de réglage tertiaire est de d'atteindre l'optimisation économique de l'ensemble du réseau. Dans cette thèse, nous avons pu maximiser le profit économique du système en agissant sur le marché réel, et en optimisant l'utilisation des périphériques de stockage. Dans le but de mettre en œuvre la philosophie de contrôle hiérarchique présentée dans cette thèse, nous avons construit un banc d'essai expérimental. Cette plate-forme dispose de quatre terminaux reliés entre eux par l'intermédiaire d'un réseau à courant continu, et connectés au réseau principal de courant alternatif. Ce réseau DC peut fonctionner à un maximum de 400 V, et avec une courant maximal de 15 AThis thesis focuses on the hierarchical control for a multi-terminal high voltage direct current (MT-HVDC) grid suitable for the integration of large scale renewable energy sources. The proposed control scheme is composed of 4 layers, from the low local control at the power converters in the time scale of units of ms; through distributed droop control (primary control) applied in several terminals in the scale of unit of seconds; and then to communication based Model Predictive Control (MPC) that assures the load flow and the steady state voltage/power plan for the whole system, manage large scale storage and include weather forecast (secondary control); finally reaching the higher level controller that is mostly based on optimization techniques, where economic aspects are considered in the same time as longer timespan weather forecast (tertiary control).Concerning the converters' level, special emphasis is placed on DC/DC bidirectional converters. In this thesis, three different topologies are studied in depth: two phases dual active bridge (DAB), the three phases DAB, and the use of the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) technology as DC/DC converter. For each topology a specific non-linear control is presented and discussed. In addition, the DC/DC converter can provide other important services as its use as a direct current circuit breaker (DC-CB). Several operation strategies are studied for these topologies used as DC-CB.With respect to primary control, which is the responsible to maintain the DC voltage control of the grid, we have studied several control philosophies: master/slave, voltage margin control and droop control. Finally we have chosen to use droop control, among other reasons, because the communication between nodes is not required. Relative to the secondary control, its main goal is to schedule power transfer between the network nodes providing voltage and power references to local and primary controllers, providing steady state response to disturbances and managing power reserves. In this part we have proposed a new approach to solve the power flow problem (non-linear equations) based on the contraction mapping theorem, which gives the possibility to use more than one bus for the power balance (slack bus) instead of the classic approach based on the Newton-Raphson method. Secondary control plays a very important role in practical applications, in particular when including time varying power sources, as renewable ones. In such cases, it is interesting to consider storage devices in order to improve the stability and the efficiency of the whole system. Due to the sample time of secondary control is on the order of minutes, it is also possible to consider different kinds of forecast (weather, load,..) and to achieve additional control objectives, based on managing storage reserves. All these characteristics encourage the use of a model predictive control (MPC) approach to design this task. In this context, several possibilities of optimization objective were considered, like to minimize transmission losses or to avoid power network congestions.The main task of tertiary control is to manage the load flow of the whole HVDC grid in order to achieve economical optimization. This control level provides power references to the secondary controller. In this thesis we were able to maximize the economic profit of the system by acting on the spot market, and by optimizing the use of storage devices. In this level it is again used the MPC approach.With the aim of implementing the hierarchical control philosophy explained in this thesis, we have built an experimental test bench. This platform has 4 terminals interconnected via a DC grid, and connected to the main AC grid through VSC power converters. This DC grid can work at a maximum of 400 V, and with a maximum allowed current of 15 A
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Du, Le. "Control of Pseudo-Sinusoidal Switched Reluctance Motor with Zero Torque Ripple and Damped Input Current Ripple." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23215.
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Switched reluctance motor(SRM)drives are favored in many industrial applications because of their cost advantage and ruggedness. However, the torque ripple and bus current ripple of SRM restrict its application range compared with traditional AC and DC motors due to the doubly salient pole structure and the highly non-linear coupling between torque, rotor position and phase current. As a result of the torque ripple on the shaft, unwilling large acoustic noises are generated. The large current ripple at the DC bus input requires large electrolytic capacitors for attenuation. However, electrolytic capacitors are of low reliability, which will reduce the duration of the control system. Because of these disadvantages, the acceptance of SRM by the industry, especially in servo-type applications which require stationary torque at low speed, is quite slow. In order to obtain high quality control, there have been many efforts in developing techniques for torque ripple attenuation. Primarily, two approaches are used to give a smooth torque. One is to improve the magnetic design, the other is to use sophisticated control techniques. Some torque control techniques have been proved to obtain a relatively good performance by simulations and experimental results. This thesis gives an alternative torque ripple minimization technique. Simulations and Experiments are conducted to show the effectiveness of this new control scheme. Under this new control scheme, the current controller are much easier to be designed under high speed application, which could be an advantage of it.First, the SRM operating principle is presented. The torque of SRM is produced by the tendency of its moveable part shifting to a position where the inductance of the exited winding is maximized. The torque ripple origin is discussed in terms of both magnetization and control. The torque ripple is produced during phase commutation interval because the phase current cannot rise from zero to the nominal value instantaneously due to the existence of the phase inductance.
Second, a new torque control scheme is proposed. The new torque control of SRM is split into two cascade sub-tasks. At first, a current reference for ripple free torque is determined. Then a current controller is designed to regulate the current in the stator winding to reference value. Simulations are conducted to verify the effective of this torque control scheme in both ideal `sinusoidal\' SRM and a `Pseudo-Sinusoidal\' SRM.
Finally, a motor drive control system is built to implement the new control scheme. The motor is tested under different speeds to see the torque ripple produced in different speed ranges.
As a conclusion, the new control algorithm for constant torque and damped input bus current ripple is investigated. The advantages of this new torque control method are listed in the paper. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of this new control method.
Master of Science
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Hadjikypris, Melios. "Supervisory control scheme for FACTS and HVDC based damping of inter-area power oscillations in hybrid AC-DC power systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/supervisory-control-scheme-for-facts-and-hvdc-based-damping-of-interarea-power-oscillations-in-hybrid-acdc-power-systems(cc03b44a-97f9-44ec-839f-5dcbcf2801f1).html.
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Modern interconnected power systems are becoming highly complex and sophisticated, while increasing energy penetrations through congested inter-tie lines causing the operating point approaching stability margins. This as a result, exposes the overall system to potential low frequency power oscillation phenomena following disturbances. This in turn can lead to cascading events and blackouts. Recent approaches to counteract this phenomenon are based on utilization of wide area monitoring systems (WAMS) and power electronics based devices, such as flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) and HVDC links for advanced power oscillation damping provision. The rise of hybrid AC-DC power systems is therefore sought as a viable solution in overcoming this challenge and securing wide-area stability. If multiple FACTS devices and HVDC links are integrated in a scheme with no supervising control actions considered amongst them, the overall system response might not be optimal. Each device might attempt to individually damp power oscillations ignoring the control status of the rest. This introduces an increasing chance of destabilizing interactions taking place between them, leading to under-utilized performance, increased costs and system wide-area stability deterioration. This research investigates the development of a novel supervisory control scheme that optimally coordinates a parallel operation of multiple FACTS devices and an HVDC link distributed across a power system. The control system is based on Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) modern optimal control theory. The proposed new control scheme provides coordinating control signals to WAMS based FACTS devices and HVDC link, to optimally and coherently counteract inter-area modes of low frequency power oscillations inherent in the system. The thesis makes a thorough review of the existing and well-established improved stability practises a power system benefits from through the implementation of a single FACTS device or HVDC link, and compares the case –and hence raises the issue–when all active components are integrated simultaneously and uncoordinatedly. System identification approaches are also in the core of this research, serving as means of reaching a linear state space model representative of the non-linear power system, which is a pre-requisite for LQG control design methodology.
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Nguyen, Ngac Ky. "Approches neuromimétiques pour l'identification et la commande des systèmes électriques : application au filtrage actif et aux actionneurs synchrones." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00615491.
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Cette thèse propose des approches neuromimétiques d'identification et de commande avec des applications directes au Filtre Actif Parallèle (FAP) et au Moteur Synchrone à Aiment Permanent (MSAP). Une structure neuronale complète a été développée pour réaliser toutes les fonctionnalités d'un FAP pour compenser des harmoniques de courant. La phase instantanée et les composantes symétriques d'un système triphasé de tensions ou de courants ont été estimées avec une boucle à verrouillage de phase neuronale. L'identification des harmoniques de courant a été réalisée avec des réseaux de neurones de type Adaline opérant dans les différents repères. Plusieurs schémas de commande ont été développés pour réinjecter les courants de compensation à l'aide d'un onduleur. Ils sont basés sur des techniques neuromimétiques, sur la logique floue, ou sur leur association. Une approche neuronale a été développée pour commander une MSAP à distribution quelconque avec des contraintes prédéterminées réduisant les ondulations du couple. Elle consiste en des schémas de commande directe en couple ou en vitesse pour obtenir les courants statoriques optimaux qui donnent exactement le couple électromagnétique (ou la vitesse) désiré et qui réduisent au maximum les pertes par effet Joule. Ces commandes intègrent deux blocs neuronaux, l'un dédié au calcul des courants optimaux et l'autre pour assurer leur génération à travers un onduleur de tension. Toutes les approches neuromimétiques ont été validées par des tests de simulation et des essais expérimentaux. Des comparaisons avec les méthodes de commande classique démontrent des caractéristiques supérieures en termes de performance et de robustesse.
Books on the topic "CURRENT CONTROL SCHEMES"
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Sibikin, Yuriy. Power supply. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1863101.
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The textbook discusses methods for calculating electrical loads, issues of the quality of electrical energy and reactive power compensation, power supply schemes of objects; describes the methodology for determining losses in elements of power supply systems, provides material related to the operation and calculation of electrical networks associated with the process of electric current flow in the wires of external and internal power supply of objects.
It is intended for students of training areas and specialties "Electric power engineering and electrical engineering", "Power stations, networks and systems", "Power supply", "Automatic control of electric power systems", "Relay protection and automation of electric power systems" and other electric power training areas and specialties of universities and institutions of secondary vocational education.
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Vaez-Zadeh, Sadegh. Direct Torque Control. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198742968.003.0004.
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The fundamental principles of direct torque control (DTC) of permanent magnet synchronous (PMS) motors are presented in this chapter. The basic DTC system is then described. The operating limits of PMS machines under DTC are presented in terms of current limit, voltage limit, and flux linkage limit. Also, flux linkage control, including maximum torque per ampere (MTPA), unity power factor, and flux weakening at high speed, is derived. Then, alternative DTC schemes, including different SVM-DTC schemes, are presented. In line with the increasing energy-saving tendency in industrial applications, major emphasis is placed on the loss minimization of DTC. Finally, a comprehensive comparison was made between the basic DTC and vector control, emphasizing the pros and cons of DTC with respect to vector control.
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Ayers, Joseph. Biohybrid robots are synthetic biology systems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0051.
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This chapter describes how synthetic biology and organic electronics can integrate neurobiology and robotics to form a basis for biohybrid robots and synthetic neuroethology. Biomimetic robots capture the performance advantages of animal models by mimicking the behavioral control schemes evolved in nature, based on modularized devices that capture the biomechanics and control principles of the nervous system. However, current robots are blind to chemical senses, difficult to miniaturize, and require chemical batteries. These obstacles can be overcome by integration of living engineered cells. Synthetic biology seeks to build devices and systems from fungible gene parts (gene systems coding different proteins) integrated into a chassis (induced pluripotent eukaryotic cells, yeast, or bacteria) to produce devices with properties not found in nature. Biohybrid robots are examples of such systems (interacting sets of devices). A nascent literature describes genes that can mediate organ levels of organization. Such capabilities, applied to biohybrid systems, portend truly biological robots guided, controlled, and actuated solely by life processes.
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de Vignemont, Frédérique. Taxonomies of Body Representations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198735885.003.0009.
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This chapter considers the relationship between body representations, action, and bodily experiences. It first clarifies the conceptual landscape of body representations and stresses the conceptual and empirical difficulties that the current body schema/body image taxonomy faces, difficulties that can be explained by their constant interaction but not only. There is indeed a lack of precise understanding of the functional role of the body schema as opposed to the body image. Instead of these unclear notions, the chapter proposes distinguishing different types of body representations on the basis of their direction of fit and of their spatial organization. On the one hand, there is a purely descriptive body map that represents well-segmented categorical body parts, in which one can localize one’s sensations. On the other hand, there is a body map that is both descriptive and directive (i.e. pushmi-pullyu representation), and that encodes structural bodily affordances for action planning and control.
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Corcoran, Andrew W., and Jakob Hohwy. Allostasis, interoception, and the free energy principle: Feeling our way forward. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811930.003.0015.
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Interoceptive processing is commonly understood in terms of the monitoring and representation of the body’s current physiological (i.e. homeostatic) status, with aversive sensory experiences encoding some impending threat to tissue viability. However, claims that homeostasis fails to fully account for the sophisticated regulatory dynamics observed in complex organisms have led some theorists to incorporate predictive (i.e. allostatic) regulatory mechanisms within broader accounts of interoceptive processing. Critically, these frameworks invoke diverse—and potentially mutually inconsistent—interpretations of the role allostasis plays in the scheme of biological regulation. This chapter argues in favor of a moderate, reconciliatory position in which homeostasis and allostasis are conceived as equally vital (but functionally distinct) modes of physiological control. It explores the implications of this interpretation for free energy-based accounts of interoceptive inference, advocating a similarly complementary (and hierarchical) view of homeostatic and allostatic processing.
Book chapters on the topic "CURRENT CONTROL SCHEMES"
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Ruan, Xinbo, Li Zhang, Xinze Huang, Fei Liu, Guoping Zhu, and Shiqi Kan. "Control Schemes for Reducing Second Harmonic Current in AC-DC-AC Converter System." In Second Harmonic Current Reduction Techniques for Single-Phase Power Electronics Converter Systems, 173–91. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1547-5_8.
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Javed, Khalid, Lieven Vandevelde, and Frederik De Belie. "A Novel Current Control Scheme for Grid-Connected Single-Phase PWM Bridgeless Power Converters." In Proceedings of Seventh International Congress on Information and Communication Technology, 155–69. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1607-6_14.
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Ruan, Xinbo, Li Zhang, Xinze Huang, Fei Liu, Guoping Zhu, and Shiqi Kan. "A Virtual-Impedance-Based Control Scheme for Modular Electrolytic Capacitor-Less Second Harmonic Current Compensator." In Second Harmonic Current Reduction Techniques for Single-Phase Power Electronics Converter Systems, 231–50. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1547-5_11.
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Minty, Michiko G., and Frank Zimmermann. "Injection and Extraction." In Particle Acceleration and Detection, 211–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08581-3_9.
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AbstractIn transferring the beam from one accelerator to another, preservation of the beam properties is essential. Injection should be accomplished with minimum beam loss and often minimal emittance dilution. Single-turn injection, in which a single bunch of particles is injected into a single empty rf bucket, is usually straightforward. In many cases, however, to attain higher bunch currents, one may also wish to accumulate beam in a storage ring by reinjecting different beam pulses into the same rf bucket. This is called multi-turn injection. In addition to conventional schemes, there are several new or more exotic injection techniques, devised to control and improve the properties of the stored beam.
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Zhang, Wenhao, Yinghao Zhang, and Chengshan Huang. "An Adaptive Protection Scheme Based on Fault Components of Phase Current Difference for Positive Distribution Networks." In Proceedings of PURPLE MOUNTAIN FORUM 2019-International Forum on Smart Grid Protection and Control, 663–73. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9779-0_54.
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Palle, Kowstubha, and Bandela Supriya. "A Novel Current Control Scheme for Three-Phase Three-Level Grid-Tied Neutral Point Clamped Inverter." In Recent Advances in Power Electronics and Drives, 107–17. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9239-0_9.
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Lan, Shizhan, Lifang Ma, and Jing Huang. "Research and Practice of TCP Protocol Optimization in Mobile Internet." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 187–96. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8285-9_14.
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AbstractThis paper analyzes the problems of traditional TCP protocol in the wireless network environment and proposes a scheme based on performance-enhancing agents, which is more suitable for the actual situation of current wireless core networks. TCP application optimization was employed to enhance congestion control. Based on the automatic learning mechanism of network path features, this paper proposes herein the dynamic algorithm ZetaTCP. In practice, the performance enhancement agent based on ZetaTCP In practice, the performance enhancement proxy based on ZetaTCP was verified and achieves good results in LTE networks. In practice, the performance enhancement proxy based on ZetaTCP was verified and achieved good results in the LTE network.
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Supriya, Bandela, Kowstubha Palle, A. Bhanuchandar, Rajakumar Sakile, Dongari Vamshy, and Kasoju Bharath Kumar. "A Current Control Scheme of Three Phase Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped Grid Connected Inverter Using Min–Max Algorithm Approach." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 257–66. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4975-3_20.
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Keil, Mark, Shimon Machluf, Yair Margalit, Zhifan Zhou, Omer Amit, Or Dobkowski, Yonathan Japha, et al. "Stern-Gerlach Interferometry with the Atom Chip." In Molecular Beams in Physics and Chemistry, 263–301. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63963-1_14.
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AbstractIn this invited review in honor of 100 years since the Stern-Gerlach (SG) experiments, we describe a decade of SG interferometry on the atom chip. The SG effect has been a paradigm of quantum mechanics throughout the last century, but there has been surprisingly little evidence that the original scheme, with freely propagating atoms exposed to gradients from macroscopic magnets, is a fully coherent quantum process. Specifically, no full-loop SG interferometer (SGI) has been realized with the scheme as envisioned decades ago. Furthermore, several theoretical studies have explained why it is a formidable challenge. Here we provide a review of our SG experiments over the last decade. We describe several novel configurations such as that giving rise to the first SG spatial interference fringes, and the first full-loop SGI realization. These devices are based on highly accurate magnetic fields, originating from an atom chip, that ensure coherent operation within strict constraints described by previous theoretical analyses. Achieving this high level of control over magnetic gradients is expected to facilitate technological applications such as probing of surfaces and currents, as well as metrology. Fundamental applications include the probing of the foundations of quantum theory, gravity, and the interface of quantum mechanics and gravity. We end with an outlook describing possible future experiments.
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Lay Krishna, Palem, K. Varalakshmi, and K. V. S. Ramachandra Murthy. "Study of Speed Control Aspects of DC Motor." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220808.
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This paper provides different aspects of speed control of DC drive. Different control schemes of DC motor with proper explanation has been provided. Multi-pulse converter and firing angle control scheme has been discussed. Simulation results have been provided for the speed control aspect. It is possible to measure the speed of the motor with a tachometer or incremental encoder. These tachometers and incremental encoders produce erroneous results as a result of a variety of factors. the authors provide a strategy for compensating against imperfections in incremental encoders. In this paper, a study of several speed control systems for direct current motors is discussed in detail. This paper discusses many strategies for controlling the speed of a DC motor, including various speed control schemes. This study discusses and simulates multi-pulse converter-based DC motor speed control. The results of the simulation reveal that the motor can be controlled accurately in terms of speed. The speed of the motor can be measured with a tachometer or incremental encoder.
Conference papers on the topic "CURRENT CONTROL SCHEMES"
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Liceaga-Castro, Jesus, Luis Amezquita-Brooks, and Eduardo Liceaga-Castro. "ICAD current controller assessment under FOC motor control schemes." In Electronics, Robotics and Automotive Mechanics Conference (CERMA 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cerma.2007.4367676.
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Nikolic, A. B., and B. I. Jeftenic. "Different control schemes for current source converters in wind applications." In 2012 EPE-ECCE Europe Congress. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epepemc.2012.6397492.
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Dash, Santanu Kumar, and Pravat Kumar Ray. "Estimation and mitigation of current harmonics using improved control schemes." In 2015 International Conference on Energy, Power and Environment: Towards Sustainable Growth (ICEPE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epetsg.2015.7510090.
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Xingye, Gan, Liu Chuang, Zuo Yuefei, and Wang Kai. "Analysis and dynamic decoupling control schemes for PMSM current Loop." In 2016 IEEE/CSAA International Conference on Aircraft Utility Systems (AUS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aus.2016.7748115.
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Scoltock, James, Tobias Geyer, and Udaya Madawala. "A comparison of Predictive Current Control schemes for MV induction motor drives." In IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2011.6119559.
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Zhang, Kejiu, Shiguo Luo, Thomas Wu, and Issa Batarseh. "Novel digital control schemes of dynamic current sharing for multiphase buck converter." In 2013 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecce.2013.6647255.
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Rus, D. C., N. S. Preda, R. Teodorescu, and Maria Imecs. "Compensation methods applied in current control schemes for large AC drive systems." In 2012 13th International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (OPTIM). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/optim.2012.6231934.
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Liu, Dehong, An Hu, Guangsen Wang, and Wenhua Hu. "Current Sharing Schemes for Multiphase Interleaved DC/DC Converter with FPGA Implementation." In 2010 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering (ICECE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icece.2010.854.
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Chen, Xiliang, Tianyang Jiang, Siyang Zhao, Hulong Zeng, and Junming Zhang. "Evaluation of primary side control schemes for flyback converter with constant current output." In 2013 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC 2013. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apec.2013.6520548.
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Vo-Duy, Thanh, Bao-Huy Nguyen, Minh C. Ta, Joao P. Trovao, and NHP Nguyen. "Different Voltage and Current Control Schemes for Multi-pack Battery of Electric Scooters." In 2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vppc49601.2020.9330937.
Full textReports on the topic "CURRENT CONTROL SCHEMES"
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Tarasenko, Rostyslav O., Svitlana M. Amelina, and Albert A. Azaryan. Integrated testing system of information competence components of future translators. [б. в.], July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3879.
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The article deals with the diagnosis of the formation of the information competence components of translators through testing. The use of testing to determine the level of formation of the information-thematic component of the information competence of translators is demonstrated. It has been established that one of the ways to form the information-thematic component of information competence in the aspect of studying terminology can be the use of thematic networks. The development of a thematic network is shown on the example of the thematic network “Electrical equipment”. The stages of test control, which are consistent with the logic of the organization of the educational process and the process of forming the information competence of the future translator according to the scheme of the developed thematic network, have been determined. These stages are the current, thematic, modular, final testing. The main types of test tasks are defined, the combination of which allows diagnosing the level of formation of the information-thematic component of students’ information competence. Criteria and principles for the selection of test tasks for each of the testing stages are proposed. The ratio of test tasks of different types and complexity at the determined testing stages has been developed. The results of an experimental study on the diagnosis of the formation of the information-thematic component of the information competence of future translators by applying the developed integrative testing system using the Moodle platform are presented.
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Knowles, Donald, and Monica Leszkowicz Mazuz. Transfected Babesia bovis expressing the anti-tick Bm86 antigen as a vaccine to limit tick infestation and protect against virulent challenge. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598160.bard.
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Bovine babesiosis, caused by the apicomplexan parasites Babesiabovisand B. bigemina, is a major tick borne disease of cattle with significant economic importance globally. The vectors of Babesia parasites are R. (Boophilus) annulatusand R. microplus. In Israel these parasites are transmitted manly by R. annulatus. The main goal of the proposal was developing and testing a novel B. bovisvaccine based on stably transfected attenuated B. bovisexpressing the anti-tick Bm86 antigen. This required generating a transfected- attenuated B. bovisparasite containing a bidirectional promoter expressing both, the gfp- bsd selectable marker and the tick vaccine antigen Bm86. The vaccine was tested for its ability to elicit protective immune responses against T. annulatusticks. Efficient control of babesiosis is based on a complex scheme of integrated management, including preventive immunization, anti-babesial chemotherapy and control of tick populations. Live vaccines based on attenuated parasites are the most effective measure to control babesiosis, and are currently used in several countries, including Israel. Live attenuated parasites lead to a chronic infection and development of strong and long term immunity in vaccinated cattle. Still, live vaccines have several limitations, including the difficulty to distinguish among vaccinated and naturally infected cattle and potential for sporadic outbreaks in vaccinated animals. Tick limitation is essential to control babesiosis but the main measure to reduce tick infestation is traditionally approached using acaricides, which is limited by environmental concerns and the development of resistance by the ticks. Alternative tick-control measures including the use of anti-tick vaccines are emerging, and at least partial protective immunity has been achieved against tick vectors by vaccination with recombinant protective tick antigens (ie: Bm86). In addition, the Babesia vaccine development toolbox has been recently expanded with the development of transfection technology in Babesia parasites. In this approved proposal we successfully developed a Babesia live attenuated transfected vaccine, which is able to express a B. bovisMSA-1 signal-Bm86 chimera and eGFP genes under the control of the B. bovisef- 1 and actin promoters respectively. Genetic analysis demonstrated specific stable integration of the transfected genes in the expected ef-1 locus, and immunofluorescence analysis confirmed expression of Bm86 in the surface of transfected parasites. When applied to splenectomized calves, the transfected parasites were able to cause persistent B. bovisinfection with production of antibodies reactive with Bm86 for at least six months. In addition, partial protection against ticks was also observed upon challenging the vaccinated animals with R. annulatuslarvae. However, when used on intact calves, the vaccine failed to elicit detectable immune responses against Bm86, and we are still in the process of interpreting the data and make necessary changes in our experimental approaches. Overall, the results obtained here represent a step forward towards the development of integrated vaccines against both ticks and tick –borne pathogens, using the Babesia attenuated parasites as a platform to the delivery of exogenous protective antigens
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Jordan, Ramon L., Abed Gera, Hei-Ti Hsu, Andre Franck, and Gad Loebenstein. Detection and Diagnosis of Virus Diseases of Pelargonium. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568793.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Pelargonium (Geranium) is the number one pot plant in many areas of the United States and Europe. Israel and the U.S. send to Europe rooted cuttings, foundation stocks and finished plants to supply a certain share of the market. Geraniums are propagated mainly vegetatively from cuttings. Consequently, viral diseases have been and remain a major threat to the production and quality of the crop. Among the viruses isolated from naturally infected geraniums, 11 are not specific to Pelargonium and occur in other crops while 6 other viruses seem to be limited to geranium. However, several of these viruses are not sufficiently characterized to conclude that they are distinct agents and their nomenclature and taxonomy are confusing. The ability to separate, distinguish and detect the different viruses in geranium will overcome obstacles te developing effective detection and certification schemes. Our focus was to further characterize some of these viruses and develop better methods for their detection and control. These viruses include: isolates of pelargonium line pattern virus (PLPV), pelargonium ringspot virus (PelRSV), pelargonium flower break virus (PFBV), pelargonium leaf curl (PLCV), and tomato ringspot virus (TomRSV). Twelve hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies specific to a geranium isolate of TomRSV were produced. These antibodies are currently being characterized and will be tested for the ability to detect TomRSV in infected geraniums. The biological, biochemical and serological properties of four isometric viruses - PLPV, PelRSV, and PFBV (and a PelRSV-like isolate from Italy called GR57) isolated from geraniums exhibiting line and ring pattern or flower break symptoms - and an isolate ol elderbeny latent virus (ELV; which the literature indicates is the same as PelRSV) have been determined Cloned cDNA copies of the genomic RNAs of these viruses were sequenced and the sizes and locations of predicted viral proteins deduced. A portion of the putative replicase genes was also sequenced from cloned RT-PCR fragments. We have shown that, when compared to the published biochemical and serological properties, and sequences and genome organizations of other small isometric plant viruses, all of these viruses should each be considered new, distinct members of the Carmovirus group of the family Tombusviridae. Hybridization assays using recombinant DNA probes also demonstrated that PLPV, PelRSV, and ELV produce only one subgenomic RNA in infected plants. This unusual property of the gene expression of these three viruses suggests that they are unique among the Carmoviruses. The development of new technologies for the detection of these viruses in geranium was also demonstrated. Hybridization probes developed to PFBV (radioactively-labeled cRNA riboprobes) and to PLPV (non-radioactive digoxigenin-labeled cDNAs) were generally shown to be no more sensitive for the detection of virus in infected plants than the standard ELISA serology-based assays. However, a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay was shown to be over 1000 times more sensitive in detecting PFBV in leaf extracts of infected geranium than was ELISA. This research has lead to a better understanding of the identity of the viruses infecting pelargonium and to the development of new tools that can be used in an improved scheme of providing virus-indexed pelargonium plants. The sequence information, and the serological and cloned DNA probes generated from this work, will allow the application of these new tools for virus detection, which will be useful in domestic and international indexing programs which are essential for the production of virus-free germplasm both for domestic markets and the international exchange of plant material.
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EMBODIED CARBON CALCULATION AND ASSESSMENT FOR STEEL STRUCTURE PROJECT. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.299.
Full textAbstract:
Carbon emissions need to be reduced in order to achieve current sustainability and global climate emergency objectives. Structural engineers have control of over 50% of embodied carbon from the design of superstructures and substructures alone. Embodied carbon calculations do not only depend on the amount of structural materials, other factors such as transport, manufacturing and construction/installation needs to be considered, some of which are geographically specific. With significant focus on operation carbon on last few decades, embodied carbon is becoming equally important. Computational engineering technology with Grasshopper script has been developed to calculate embodied carbon for a steel structure project based on different structural scheme options. The related assessment has been provided to compare embodied carbon with different structural systems and representative Hong Kong Carbon benchmark database. In addition, different construction methods with supply chains also affect carbon emissions, the details have been shown in the paper.