Academic literature on the topic 'Curia Iulia'

The Criminal Liability of a Judge Wrongly Fulfilling His officiumSummaryBribing judges was an indispensable element of the lawsuits, especially criminal, which is reflected both in the acts issued to prevent bribery and the literature.The oldest regulations concerning this issue are included in the Law of the XII Tables, which were handed down by Aulus Gellius. It is evident from this Law that index or arbiter who adjudged in favour of the person from whom he received money, was sentenced to death. The issue of corruption appears also in the sources of the late republic. It is evident that the attempts to fight against the judges’ corruption were made in a series of acts, among others, in lex Sempronia ne quis iudicio circumveniretur. This act concerned only those who had the senatorial status and who sentenced the accused not because he was guilty but because they were bribed. In the period of the early principate and probably until the end of the classical law era, the liability of the judge was regulated above all by two acts: lex Cornelia de sicariis and lex Iulia de repetundis. However, on the basis of the passages referring to the scope of applying lex Cornelia in the principate period it appears that it is impossible to point the particular stages of the development of a corruptible judge’s liability. It can be only supposed that the original scope of the act’s applicability to the cases threatened with a death sentence in which the acquittal of the accused was adjudged, was later broadened to other crimes. Whereas, on the basis of legis Iuliae the one who, after taking a bribe, sentenced, acquitted or gave yet another verdict in compliance with the briber’s wish, was liable to a penalty. It should be stressed that this law referred not only to judges in criminal cases but also in civil ones (iudexzs well as arbiter). According to Paulus who comments on the act, lex Cornelia de sicariis provided deportation to an isle and confiscation of the property, whereas the penalty provided for in lex Iulia de pecuniis repetundis, as reported by Macer, was an exile. In case of more serious crimes such as accepting property benefit and passing a death sentence to an innocent person, the penalty was death or deportation to an isle. Iudices pedanei provided for dismissal from the curia to which the judge belonged to or an exile. In the period of principate lex Cornelia testamentaria nummaria (de falsis) dated 81 BC, issued by Sulla, was applied to the liability of a judge. This act originally referred to cases of forging wills and coins and later also to cases of giving and receiving property benefits to present false evidence and bribe a judge. Lex Cornelia testamentaria provided for a death sentence in case of sentencing humiliores. Honestiores were treated in a more mild way since they were sentenced to the confiscation of property and exile with deprivation of citizenship.

ABSTRACT: This essay deals with the boundaries of the arbitrators' mandate when deciding a case based on a law legal ground not pleaded by the parties. In some legal systems such practice is referred as iuria novit curia. The writer sought for the decisions on this issue rendered by the courts from countries frequently used as seats of international commercial arbitration and the interesting about the matter is that the due process of law principle plays an important role in the mission of the arbitrator, i.e. on whether or not the arbitrator should act with the adage of iuria novit curiae.

Indicele intimǎ medie carotidian (IMc) este un cunoscut marker subclinic pentru aterosclerozǎ. Fenomenul de recuperare nutriţionalǎ la copiii nǎscuţi mici pentru vârsta gestaţionalǎ (SGA) a fost asociat cu obezitate precoce şi cu riscul dezvoltǎrii sindromului metabolic. Scop. De a determina dacǎ existǎ o asociere între SGA şi IMc; de a stabili valori prag ale IMc la copiii obezi. Material şi metodǎ. Studiul prospectiv a fot derulat pe o perioadǎ de un an (iulie 2012 – iunie 2013). Au fost analizaţi 122 de pacienţi cu obezitate, 96 de pacienţi nǎscuţi cu greutate normalǎ pentru naştere (AGA) şi 26 de pacienţi nǎscuţi cu greutate micǎ pentru naştere (SGA). Ambele loturi au fost omogene din punct de vedere al vârstei, sexului şi indicelui de masǎ corporalǎ (IMC). Folosind curba ROC au fost stabilite valori prag pentru ambele grupe. IMc a fost semnificativ mai crescut la lotul SGA (p = 0,0035). Valoarea prag de 0,049 cm pentru IMc a fost obţinutǎ la ambele loturi, cumulat, cu o specificitate şi sensibilitate crescutǎ. Concluzii. Copiii nǎscuţi SGA se asociazǎ cu risc aterosclerotic. IMc este un cunoscut marker subclinic pentru aterosclerozǎ, fiind o metodǎ ieftinǎ şi noninvazivǎ. Studii populaţionale extinse sunt necesare în vederea stabilirii unor valori prag în ceea ce priveşte IMc.

Italiano: A partire dal 2007, nell’area di Piazza Venezia a Roma, sono stati realizzati alcuni sondaggi archeologici per la costruzione di una stazione per la Linea C della metropolitana. Nel sondaggio S14, quello realizzato nella Piazza della Madonna di Loreto, sono state trovate una serie di strutture appartenenti a diversi periodi storici:dal periodo tardo-repubblicano all’età moderna. Le strutture, appartenenti all’età adrianea, hanno aperto un intenso dibattito tra gli studiosi poiché i tecnici della Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Roma hanno proposto l’identificazione di queste strutture con quelle dell’Athenaeum dell’imperatore Adriano, un’istituzione accademica a noi nota grazie alle fonti letterarie. Purtroppo le scarse fonti a nostra disposizione, relative a questa istituzione, non hanno permesso fino ad ora di proporre un’ubicazione per l’Athenaeum di Adriano. Español: A partir del 2007, en el área de la Piazza Venezia en Roma, se realizaron una serie de sondeos arqueológicos para la construcción de una estación para la Línea C del metro. En el sondeo S14, realizado en la Piazza della Madonna di Loreto, se han encontrado una serie de estructuras pertenecientes a diversos periodos de la historia: desde el periodo tardo-republicano a la Edad Moderna. Las estructuras pertenecientes a la época adrianea han abierto un intenso debate entre los estudiosos, pues los técnicos de la Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Roma han propuesto la identificación de estas estructuras con las del Athenaeum del emperador Adriano, una institución académica conocida gracias a las fuentes literarias. Por desgracia, la ausencia de fuentes a nuestra disposición relativas a esta institución, no han permitido hasta ahora proponer una ubicación para el Athenaeum de Adriano. English: Since 2007, in the area of ​​the Piazza Venezia in Rome, a series of archaeological surveys for the construction of a station for Metro Line C were performed. In the survey S14, conducted in the Piazza della Madonna di Loreto, found a number of structures belonging to different periods of history from the late-Republican period to the Modern Age. The structures belonging to the Hadrian era have opened an intense debate among scholars, because technicians from the Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Roma have proposed the identification of these structures with the Athenaeum of Emperor Hadrian, an academic institution known through literary sources. Unfortunately, the absence of sources at our disposal concerning this institution have not allowed yet to propose a location for Hadrian's Athenaeum.