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Journal articles on the topic 'Curfews'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 March 2023

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1

Males, Mike A. "Vernon, Connecticut's Juvenile Curfew: The Circumstances of Youths Cited and Effects on Crime." Criminal Justice Policy Review 11, no. 3 (September 2000): 254–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403400011003004.

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Despite widespread adoption of juvenile curfews, little research evaluates their effectiveness in reducing crime and promoting juvenile safety. This study examines Vernon, Connecticut's nighttime curfew of youths younger than 18. Connecticut and FBI Uniform Crime Reports are used to compare Vernon's Part I crime trends to those of similarly sized Connecticut cities (including those without curfews), Connecticut as a whole, and 600 similarly populated cities nationwide. The results show that after the curfew took effect in 1994, Vernon experienced a smaller decline in Part I crime than did comparable cities or the state. Furthermore, examination of 410 individual curfew stop citations issued by Vernon police for 1995-1998 showed only seven of the cited youths were involved in criminal or suspicious activities; none were intoxicated or endangered. The curfew's main effect was to occupy police time removing law-abiding youth from public, creating emptier, less policed streets, and possibly enhanced opportunities for crime.

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2

Ruefle, William, and Kenneth Mike Reynolds. "Curfews and Delinquency in Major American Cities." Crime & Delinquency 41, no. 3 (July 1995): 347–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128795041003005.

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In 1972, the Board of Trustees of the National Council on Crime and Delinquency called for the abolishment of municipal curfew ordinances. This article examines whether curfews have withered away as called for by supporters of the “noninterventionist” juvenile justice reform model, or whether they have flourished as part of the alternative “get tough” reform movement. The findings show that 59 of the 77 American cities with 1992 populations of more than 200,000 now have curfews. In one 5-year period (1990-1994) 26 of these 77 major cities adopted curfews for the first time. Key issues of curfew implementation are discussed.

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3

Hirschel, J. David, Charles W. Dean, and Doris Dumond. "Juvenile Curfews and Race: A Cautionary Note." Criminal Justice Policy Review 12, no. 3 (September 2001): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403401012003002.

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During the 1990s, the United States experienced a rise in the popularity of nocturnal juvenile curfews as a method of crime prevention. Prior research has not, however, found curfews to be particularly effective in achieving their goals, and concerns have been raised about discriminatory enforcement. In this article we examine the implementation of a juvenile curfew in a large southern city, Charlotte, North Carolina, and investigate its impact on different racial groups. The background characteristics of curfew violators were found to mirror those of juvenile offenders in general, and different types of violators were cited in different areas of town. However, although the curfew had a positive or at least a neutral effect on some offenders, it had an escalation effect on Asian and Hispanic youth. The policy implications of the findings are discussed.

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4

Wallace, Lacey N. "Baltimore’s Juvenile Curfew." Criminal Justice Review 45, no. 2 (January 19, 2016): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016815626971.

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Juvenile curfew statutes are used in hundreds of cities across the United States to prevent juvenile offending and victimization. In spite of their popularity, there is disagreement in the existing literature as to whether juvenile curfews are truly effective. The current study assesses the effectiveness of a change in the juvenile curfew statutes in Baltimore, MD. Data consist of police arrest records for the months preceding and following the curfew change. Regression analyses address both change in arrest totals and change in the ratio of youth to adult arrests and the ratio of arrests within curfew hours to outside of curfew hours. Results indicate an increase in the ratio of youth to adult arrests during curfew hours. However, arrest totals were decreasing overall at the time of the curfew change. Implications for further investigation are discussed.

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5

ADAMS, KENNETH. "ABOLISH JUVENILE CURFEWS." Criminology & Public Policy 6, no. 4 (November 29, 2007): 663–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2007.00484.x.

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6

Wong, Carlos K. H., Janet Y. H. Wong, Eric H. M. Tang, Chi Ho Au, Kristy T. K. Lau, and Abraham K. C. Wai. "Impact of National Containment Measures on Decelerating the Increase in Daily New Cases of COVID-19 in 54 Countries and 4 Epicenters of the Pandemic: Comparative Observational Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 7 (July 22, 2020): e19904. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/19904.

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Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a worldwide epidemic, and various countries have responded with different containment measures to reduce disease transmission, including stay-at-home orders, curfews, and lockdowns. Comparative studies have not yet been conducted to investigate the impact of these containment measures; these studies are needed to facilitate public health policy-making across countries. Objective The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate the impact of national containment measures and policies (stay-at-home orders, curfews, and lockdowns) on decelerating the increase in daily new cases of COVID-19 in 54 countries and 4 epicenters of the pandemic in different jurisdictions worldwide. Methods We reviewed the effective dates of the national containment measures (stay-at-home order, curfew, or lockdown) of 54 countries and 4 epicenters of the COVID-19 pandemic (Wuhan, New York State, Lombardy, and Madrid), and we searched cumulative numbers of confirmed COVID-19 cases and daily new cases provided by health authorities. Data were drawn from an open, crowdsourced, daily-updated COVID-19 data set provided by Our World in Data. We examined the trends in the percent increase in daily new cases from 7 days before to 30 days after the dates on which containment measures went into effect by continent, World Bank income classification, type of containment measures, effective date of containment measures, and number of confirmed cases on the effective date of the containment measures. Results We included 122,366 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection from 54 countries and 24,071 patients from 4 epicenters on the effective dates on which stay-at-home orders, curfews, or lockdowns were implemented between January 23 and April 11, 2020. Stay-at-home, curfew, and lockdown measures commonly commenced in countries with approximately 30%, 20%, or 10% increases in daily new cases. All three measures were found to lower the percent increase in daily new cases to <5 within one month. Among the countries studied, 20% had an average percent increase in daily new cases of 30-49 over the seven days prior to the commencement of containment measures; the percent increase in daily new cases in these countries was curbed to 10 and 5 a maximum of 15 days and 23 days after the implementation of containment measures, respectively. Conclusions Different national containment measures were associated with a decrease in daily new cases of confirmed COVID-19 infection. Stay-at-home orders, curfews, and lockdowns curbed the percent increase in daily new cases to <5 within a month. Resurgence in cases within one month was observed in some South American countries.

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7

Tunio, Ikram Ahmed, and Syed Mohammad Qaisar Sajjad. "End curfews in Kashmir." Lancet 396, no. 10255 (September 2020): e50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32568-1.

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8

Hemmens, Craig, and Katherine Bennett. "Juvenile Curfews and the Courts: Judicial Response to a Not-So-New Crime Control Strategy." Crime & Delinquency 45, no. 1 (January 1999): 99–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128799045001006.

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There is widespread sentiment that juvenile crime is out of control. Although this perception is incorrect, it has led to a number of changes in how juvenile offenders are dealt with, such as increased use of waiver to adult court and more frequent use of confinement as a sanction. This article examines the constitutionality of juvenile curfews, another currently popular response to the supposed juvenile crime wave. Because the Supreme Court has not provided guidance on this issue, the authors examine recent lower court decisions and discuss the legal implications of juvenile curfew laws.

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9

Odigbo, Ben, Felix Eze, and Rose Odigbo. "COVID-19 lockdown controls and human rights abuses: the social marketing implications." Emerald Open Research 2 (July 17, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35241/emeraldopenres.13810.1.

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Background: This work is a situation analysis of reported human rights abuses that have characterized the COVID-19 controls and lockdown in some countries of the world. This is as documented by reliable mass media sources, relevant international organizations and human rights non-governmental organizations between January 2020 to April 2020. Methods: A combined content analysis, critical analysis, and doctrinal method is applied in this study in line with the reproducible research process. It is a secondary-data-based situation analysis study, conducted through a qualitative research approach. Findings: The findings revealed among other things that: COVID-19 lockdowns and curfews’ enforcement by law enforcement officers contravened some peoples’ fundamental human rights within the first month. Security forces employed overt and immoderate forces to implement the orders. The lockdown and curfew enforcements were not significantly respectful of human life and human dignity. The COVID-19 emergency declarations in some countries were discriminatory against minorities and vulnerable groups in some countries. Research limitations/implications: This report is based on data from investigative journalism and opinions of the United Nations and international human rights organizations, and not on police investigations or reports. The implication of the study is that if social marketing orientations and risk communication and community engagement attitudes were given to the law enforcement officers implementing the COVID-19 lockdowns and or curfews, the human rights and humanitarian rights breaches witnessed would have been avoided or drastically minimized. Originality: The originality of this review is that it is the first to undertake a situation analysis of the COVID-19 lockdowns and curfews human rights abuses in some countries. The study portrayed the poor level of social marketing orientations and risk communication and community engagement attitudes amongst law enforcement officers, culminating in the frosty police-public relationships.

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10

Odigbo, Ben, Felix Eze, Rose Odigbo, and Joshua Kajang. "COVID-19 lockdown controls and human rights abuses: the socioeconomic and social marketing implications." Emerald Open Research 2 (June 11, 2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35241/emeraldopenres.13810.2.

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Background: This work is a situation analysis of reported human rights abuses that have characterized the COVID-19 controls and lockdown in some countries of the world. This is as documented by reliable mass media sources, relevant international organizations and human rights non-governmental organizations between January 2020 to April 2020. Methods: A combined content analysis, critical analysis, and doctrinal method is applied in this study in line with the reproducible research process. It is a secondary-data-based situation analysis study, conducted through a qualitative research approach. Findings: The findings revealed among other things that: COVID-19 lockdowns and curfews’ enforcement by law enforcement officers contravened some peoples’ fundamental human rights within the first month. Security forces employed overt and immoderate forces to implement the orders. The lockdown and curfew enforcements were not significantly respectful of human life and human dignity. The COVID-19 emergency declarations in some countries were discriminatory against minorities and vulnerable groups in some countries. Research limitations/implications: This report is based on data from investigative journalism and opinions of the United Nations and international human rights organizations, and not on police investigations or reports. The implication of the study is that if social marketing orientations and risk communication and community engagement attitudes were given to the law enforcement officers implementing the COVID-19 lockdowns and or curfews, the human rights and humanitarian rights breaches witnessed would have been avoided or drastically minimized. Originality: The originality of this review is that it is the first to undertake a situation analysis of the COVID-19 lockdowns and curfews human rights abuses in some countries. The study portrayed the poor level of social marketing orientations and risk communication and community engagement attitudes amongst law enforcement officers, culminating in the frosty police-public relationships.

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11

McDowall, David, Colin Loftin, and Brian Wiersema. "The Impact of Youth Curfew Laws on Juvenile Crime Rates." Crime & Delinquency 46, no. 1 (January 2000): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128700046001005.

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This study used panel data from a sample of cities and counties to examine the effects of curfew laws on youth crime rates. The analysis estimated the impact of new and revised laws on juvenile homicide victimizations (1976 to 1995) and on juvenile arrests for a variety of offenses (1985 to 1996). The results show statistically significant decreases in burglary, larceny, and simple assault arrests after revised laws, but only in the county data. Homicide rates did not change in either counties or cities, and new laws were not followed by reductions in crime. Any preventive effects of curfews appear to be small.

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12

Kamal, Noura. "Nablus under Siege." Anthropos 115, no. 2 (2020): 417–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2020-2-417.

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In recent years, the Palestinian city of Nablus has experienced great suffering due to attacks by the Israeli forces. Strict curfews imposed on the city did not only affect daily life and lead to deteriorating economic conditions, but also had an impact on the psychological well-being of the inhabitants. The peak of the violence was in 2002 when Israeli forces occupied Nablus city and ordered a curfew for three months. The suffering that people faced during this period took on different dimensions - most notably immobility - as a result of the continuous siege and the constant threat of being shot at when breaking the curfew. This article will be examining the ways in which religious belief contributed to creating resilience which had a major influence on the inhabitants’ steadfastness (ṡumud) during the siege and its aftermath.

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13

Marketos, Alexander K. "The Constitutionality of Juvenile Curfews." Juvenile and Family Court Journal 46, no. 2 (March 1995): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6988.1995.tb00814.x.

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14

Walsh, C. "Curfews: No More Hanging Around." Youth Justice 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2002): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147322540200200202.

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15

Buckley, Naomi. "The Management of Electronically Monitored Curfews." Probation Journal 59, no. 4 (December 2012): 416–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264550512467593a.

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16

Durmuş, Ensar, and Fatih Guneysu. "The Effect of Curfew Enforcement on Health Care Provision in COVID-19 Pandemic." JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN 18, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31965/infokes.vol18.iss2.483.

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The COVID-19 disease occurred in the final weeks of 2019. As part of the fight against COVID-19, countries have taken actions such as travel restrictions, suspension of border crossings and international flights, voluntary home isolation, public activities restriction, and curfews. The objective of this study is to identify the effect of curfew enforcement during the COVID-19 pandemic to determine and identify whether curfew has a positive effect on the health care workload. The number of patients admitted to Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital, their means of arrival, hospitalization-discharge, demographic characteristics were examined retrospectively for the period of curfew in April and May 2020 and the corresponding days in 2019. The significant statistical differences between the two periods were analyzed. The results of this research reveal that24.488 patients were admitted to our emergency department. Of these patients, 12813 (52.3%) were male, 11675 (47.7%) were female. The number of emergency department admissions of the pediatric age group decreased from 1822 (8.9%) to 33 patients (0.8%). Moreover, the number of patients admitted to the emergency service in the related period of 2019 was 20548 (83.9%), while this figure decreased to 3940 individuals (16.1%) during the curfew period. It was impliedthat curfew could reduce the unnecessary admissions to hospitals, the number of ambulance usage, and provide a positive contribution to the reduction in traumas, car accidents, work accidents, and forensic cases during pandemic.

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17

Velias, Alina, Sotiris Georganas, and Sotiris Vandoros. "COVID-19: Early evening curfews and mobility." Social Science & Medicine 292 (January 2022): 114538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114538.

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18

Adams, Kenneth. "The Effectiveness of Juvenile Curfews at Crime Prevention." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 587, no. 1 (May 2003): 136–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716202250944.

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19

Miranda, J. Jaime. "Ambulances and curfews: delivering health care in Palestine." Lancet 363, no. 9403 (January 2004): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(03)15301-9.

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20

Pearl, Mark A. "Ambulances and curfews: delivering health care in Palestine." Lancet 363, no. 9412 (March 2004): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(04)15740-1.

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21

Kwiatek, Kim. "Ambulances and curfews: delivering health care in Palestine." Lancet 363, no. 9412 (March 2004): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(04)15741-3.

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Miranda, J. Jaime. "Ambulances and curfews: delivering health care in Palestine." Lancet 363, no. 9412 (March 2004): 895–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(04)15742-5.

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23

Reynolds, K. Michael, William Ruefle, Pamela Jenkins, and Ruth Seydlitz. "CONTRADICTIONS AND CONSENSUS: YOUTHS SPEAK OUT ABOUT JUVENILE CURFEWS." Journal of Crime and Justice 22, no. 2 (January 1, 1999): 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0735648x.1999.9721099.

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24

Mourad, Lama. "Brothers, Workers or Syrians? The Politics of Naming in Lebanese Municipalities." Journal of Refugee Studies 34, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 1387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feab012.

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Abstract Displaced Syrians in Lebanon face a multitude of legal, social and political categories that operate together to structure their lives and opportunities. One important site of juxtaposition of these various categories can be found in the area of municipal governance, namely in the form of bannered discriminatory curfews that line the public squares of many of Lebanon’s urban neighbourhood, towns and villages. The various named ‘targets’ of these curfews—whether foreigners, Syrians, displaced, labourers, brothers or the disembodied ‘motorbike’ (a class marker in this context)—instantiate the complexity of issues of Syrian belonging in this context. This article examines these categories through their historical, political and social dimensions, and through the lived experience of Syrians who encounter, negotiate and—at times—resist them. Building on over a year of fieldwork in Lebanon from October 2015 to December 2016, this article relies on a diverse set of sources, including ethnographic observation, documents and interviews with a wide array of actors including Lebanese citizens and displaced Syrians, mayors and municipal police officers, as well as lawyers, journalists, aid workers and central government officials.

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25

Williams, Stephen, and Lynda Williams. "Space Invaders: The Negotiation of Teenage Boundaries through the Mobile Phone." Sociological Review 53, no. 2 (May 2005): 314–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.2005.00516.x.

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Drawing on interview data, this paper explores the area of child/parent negotiation. Specifically, we examine the increasing significance of the mobile phone in the way teenagers negotiate spatial boundaries with their parents. Utilising theories of time and space, especially Giddens’ concept of ‘distanciation’, we show how parents and their children use the mobile phone as a tool for negotiating curfews in public space, thus extending household discussion and negotiation outside of the home. We point out that parents are using the mobile phone to enter their children's time and space as an ‘absent Other’, and see this as a means of extending parental authority and control. Children, conversely, see themselves gaining a degree of empowerment from the mobile phone, as parents are more lenient with curfews if they posses one. The mobile phone, then, has become an important facilitator of negotiations between parents and teenagers regarding boundary setting. We conclude that the mobile phone has enabled teenagers to gain increased leverage in their negotiations with their parents, but underline that parents still hold control and authority by ‘invading’ their children's space.

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26

Carr, Jillian B., and Jennifer L. Doleac. "Keep the Kids Inside? Juvenile Curfews and Urban Gun Violence." Review of Economics and Statistics 100, no. 4 (October 2018): 609–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00720.

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27

Hidalgo, César A. "Chile: web poll sifts policies amid riot, rallies and curfews." Nature 575, no. 7783 (November 19, 2019): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-03557-6.

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28

Bannister, Andra J., David L. Carter, and Joseph Schafer. "A national police survey on the use of juvenile curfews." Journal of Criminal Justice 29, no. 3 (May 2001): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0047-2352(01)00087-3.

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29

KAYGUSUZ, Hakan, and A. Nihat BERKER. "The effect of weekend curfews on epidemics: a Monte Carlo simulation." TURKISH JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY 45, SI-1 (August 30, 2021): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/biy-2105-69.

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30

Alhajeri, Hamad M., Abdulrahman Almutairi, Abdulrahman Alenezi, and Faisal Alshammari. "Energy Demand in the State of Kuwait During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Technical, Economic, and Environmental Perspectives." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 24, 2020): 4370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174370.

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The present paper reports the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the electricity peak load and power generation in the State of Kuwait during the partial and full curfews imposed in March, April and May 2020 using historic data measured data and the predictions provided by a statistical genetic algorithm model. A quantitative assessment is made of the economic and environmental impacts caused by partial and full lockdowns. Comparison of measured peak demand for 2019 and 2020 with predicted peak demand for 2020 has: (i) enabled an accurate evaluation of residential energy consumption in the state of Kuwait at nearly 18 MWh yearly the highest energy consumption per capita in the world, (ii) shown that the imposition of the curfews to reduce the spread of COVID-19 caused a fall in the demand for electrical power of 17.6% compared with the expected demand and (iii) quantified the reduction in CO2, NOx and CO pollutant emissions produced by power plants due to less fuel being consumed. A mathematical model has been developed to predict the peak electric load in the national grid according to climatic data supplied by the Meteorological Department of Civil Aviation of Kuwait and National Control Center (NCC).

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31

Naik, Yeshwant. "Covid 19: Human Rights and State Responsibility." Review of European Studies 13, no. 3 (July 12, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v13n3p7.

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Human rights dimensions of the Covid-19 response escalate the obligations of governments. Since the time Covid was first identified in December 2020 in Wuhan, China, Human Rights Watch has reported several human rights abuses including the authoritarian responses in some countries.  Many governments are expanding public health measures by abandoning universal human rights. People are arrested for violating lockdown measures and curfews. Police and/or security forces are using violence, including lethal force, to enforce public health measures such as curfews and the wearing of masks. Lockdowns have imposed restrictions on individual movement by restraining them from leaving their place of residence. Some countries have imposed partial lockdowns. While restrictions on freedom of movement are necessary in the interest of protecting public health, states still are accountable to ensure that such restrictions are proportionate, evidence-based, and time-limited.  There were grievances and inequalities across countries, some of which were based on racist, gender-specific or other discrimination. There is also increased oppression of those who think differently. The pandemic exposes the failures in the context of political action and cooperation. The article makes recommendations on how governments can confront the pandemic while respecting basic human rights.

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Dalvinder Singh Grewal. "Leadership qualities needed in pandemics: a critical analysis." Journal of Management and Science 10, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2020.2.

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Globally, the pandemic caused by COVID-19, has put in brakes to activities in the entire world. As on 3 July 2020 world has 34,45,519 cases affected by virus and a death toll of 2,42,623. Except few countries like Nepal, Bhutan,Vietnam and North Korea almost all other countries are affected. The death toll varies from country to country; US having the maximum 65,960 deaths while Nepal, Bhutan, Vietnam. North Korea do not have any deaths so far.The control under certain conditions has been the most important factor in a nation and the strategies adopted by the leaders have played the crucial role. In China itself, it was controlled with a heavy hand. In India too the control has been very significant for low number of affected and deaths.The leadership qualities such as deep vision, formation of strategies, timely decision making, control of manpower, health administration, lockdowns,curfew and financial aspects to ensure minimum damage to men andeconomy. He has to maintain strict discipline to ensure lockdowns and curfews and also have to keep in mind the needs of the lower strata. He has multifarious task for which he has to select suitable persons to manage the affair and control. This paper does the critical analysis of the leadership qualities needed in pandemics and the strategizing, decision making and effective application of the decisions.

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Ridde, Valéry, Babacar Kane, Ibrahima Gaye, Mouhamadou Faly Ba, Amadou Diallo, Emmanuel Bonnet, Zoumana Traoré, and Adama Faye. "Acceptability of government measures against COVID-19 pandemic in Senegal: A mixed methods study." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 4 (April 25, 2022): e0000041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000041.

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While the first case of COVID-19 was declared on March 2 2020 in Senegal, the government banned the attendance of places of worship on 14 March, as a first measure. On March 23, it introduced a curfew, a ban on movement between regions, and the closure of markets. The objective of this study is to measure and understand the acceptability of these four governmental measures as well as the level of public trust in the state to fight the pandemic. We carried out a mixed-method research. The acceptability variables were defined using the theoretical framework of acceptability (TFA). At the quantitative level, we carried out a telephone survey (June/July 2020) at the national level (n = 813) with a sampling strategy by marginal quotas. We conducted a qualitative survey (August/September 2020) with a nested sample (n = 30). The results show a relatively high acceptability of the measures but a heterogeneity of responses. People considered curfews to be much more important (85.7% [83.2%; 88.0%]) than the closure of places of worship (55.4%; [51.9%; 58.7%]), which is least in line with the values and positive affective attitude. Several positive unintended effects of the curfew were stated (security and social/family cohesion). People over the age of 60 have more confidence in the government to fight the pandemic than people under the age of 25, although not significant (7.72 ± 3.12 vs. 7.07 ± 3.11, p = 0.1); and they are more in favour of the closure of places of worship. The more regions are affected by the pandemic, the less confidence respondents report in the government and the less they perceive the measures as effective. The results confirm the importance of government communication and trust in the state to strengthen the acceptability of pandemic measures. Important differences in acceptability show the need to adapt measures and their explanations, instead of unqualified universal action.

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Altindag, Onur, Bilge Erten, and Pinar Keskin. "Mental Health Costs of Lockdowns: Evidence from Age-Specific Curfews in Turkey." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 320–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20200811.

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Using a strict, age-specific lockdown order for adults aged 65 and older in Turkey, we examine the mental health consequences of an extended period of tight mobility restrictions on senior adults. Adopting a regression discontinuity design, we find that the curfew-induced decline in mobility substantially worsened mental health outcomes, including somatic and nonsomatic symptoms of mental distress (approximately 0.2 standard deviation). Exploring potential channels, we document an increase in social and physical isolation, with no evidence of robust changes in labor market outcomes or intrahousehold conflict for this subpopulation. (JEL D13, I21, I18, J14, O15)

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35

Orfali, Raha, Shagufta Perveen, Hanan Y. Aati, and Areej Mohammad Al-Taweel. "nCOVID-19 outcomes on curfews and lockdown: Precautionary decisions in Saudi Arabia." Health Policy and Technology 10, no. 3 (September 2021): 100538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2021.100538.

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36

Gius, M. P. "The effects of curfews on juvenile criminal activity: an individual-level analysis." Applied Economics Letters 18, no. 4 (March 9, 2011): 311–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851003689643.

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37

Nellis, Mike. "Surveillance and Confinement: Explaining and Understanding the Experience of Electronically Monitored Curfews." European Journal of Probation 1, no. 1 (March 2009): 41–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/206622030900100104.

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Shekhar, Skand, Rachel Wurth, Crystal D. C. Kamilaris, Graeme Eisenhofer, Francisco J. Barrera, Michelle Hajdenberg, Joselyne Tonleu, et al. "Endocrine Conditions and COVID-19." Hormone and Metabolic Research 52, no. 07 (June 8, 2020): 471–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1172-1352.

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AbstractCOVID-19 was declared a global pandemic by the WHO and has affected millions of patients around the world. COVID-19 disproportionately affects persons with endocrine conditions, thus putting them at an increased risk for severe disease. We discuss the mechanisms that place persons with endocrine conditions at an additional risk for severe COVID-19 and review the evidence. We also suggest precautions and management of endocrine conditions in the setting of global curfews being imposed and offer practical tips for uninterrupted endocrine care.

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Aksu Tanık, Feride. "The Price of Demanding Peace: The Case of Academics for Peace in Turkey." International Journal of Health Services 48, no. 2 (March 29, 2018): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020731418756568.

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Escalation of violence resulted with more violence in 2015 in Turkey. Two hundred and sixty-eight officially confirmed round-the-clock (all day long) and/or open-ended curfews in 11 cities and at least 47 districts of Turkey have occurred. 1,809,000 residents, and the fundamental rights of these people have been explicitly violated. On January 11, 2016, 1,128 academics signed a petition and made a declaration. Immediately after the declaration witch hunt started. This report aims to display the case of Academics for Peace Petition.

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Hallaq, Sameh. "The Effect of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict on the Palestinian labor Market and Human Capital Accumulation." Advances in Politics and Economics 4, no. 4 (November 25, 2021): p112. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v4n4p112.

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This paper summarizes recent literature that discusses the economic costs of several conflict measures, e.g., “time and geographical variation in fatalities and other conflict incidents, days under curfews, checkpoints, movement restrictions, and Palestinian substitution labor by foreigner workers on the Palestinian labor market and human capital”. Earnings and unemployment are the main labor market indicators, while human capital was assessed by educational attainment. Also, this essay sheds light on the wage differential in the Palestinian labor market due to geographical and employment sector factors as a consequence of the ongoing conflict.

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Hallaq, Sameh. "The Effect of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict on the Palestinian labor Market and Human Capital Accumulation." Advances in Politics and Economics 4, no. 4 (December 27, 2021): p111. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v4n4p111.

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This paper summarizes recent literature that discusses the economic costs of several conflict measures, e.g., “time and geographical variation in fatalities and other conflict incidents, days under curfews, checkpoints, movement restrictions, and Palestinian substitution labor by foreigner workers on the Palestinian labor market and human capital”. Earnings and unemployment are the main labor market indicators, while human capital was assessed by educational attainment. Also, this essay sheds light on the wage differential in the Palestinian labor market due to geographical and employment sector factors as a consequence of the ongoing conflict.

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Pearson, Frank S. "Evaluation of New Jersey's Intensive Supervision Program." Crime & Delinquency 34, no. 4 (October 1988): 437–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128788034004005.

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New Jersey's Intensive Supervision Program (ISP) has an active caseload of approximately 400 nonviolent offenders. ISP requires employment and provides a high frequency of field contacts with participants, including random tests to detect drug use. Because ISP requires that participants first serve a few months in prison, perform community service, and obey curfews, it provides a level of punishment intermediate between probation and ordinary terms of imprisonment. Evaluation research showed that, in comparison to ordinary imprisonment and parole, ISP achieved slight reductions in recidivism, modest saving of prison space, and was substantially more cost-effective.

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Abdelhadi, Amer. "SURVIVING SIEGE, CLOSURE, AND CURFEW: THE STORY OF A RADIO STATION." Journal of Palestine Studies 34, no. 1 (2004): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2004.34.1.51.

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Nablus's first radio station——the second in the Palestinian territories——was founded in 1997 as a mostly music broadcasting venue. This personal account by TMFM's founder/manager describes its evolution——mainly under the impact of the intifada——into a diversified community-oriented station that became an important information conduit for Palestinians confined to their homes during frequent curfews. While describing the station's tribulations and struggles to survive——including the studio's shelling and Israeli confiscation of transmitters and equipment——a picture emerges of a town's daily life under extreme conditions.

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Williams, Allan F., Adrian K. Lund, and David F. Preusser. "Night driving curfews in New York and Louisiana: Results of a questionnaire survey." Accident Analysis & Prevention 17, no. 6 (1985): 461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-4575(85)90041-7.

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Fried, Carrie S. "Juvenile curfews: are they an effective and constitutional means of combating juvenile violence?" Behavioral Sciences & the Law 19, no. 1 (2001): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bsl.430.

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Kasapoglu, Aytul, and Alev Akbal. "Relational Sociological Analysis of Uncertainties: The case of COVID-19 In Turkey." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 4 (April 28, 2020): 197–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.74.8116.

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The main research problem of this study is that due to the uncertainties experienced, rationality has been replaced by feelings like morale panic and not all of the precautions will be applied by 55%, although it is known to be 90%. The main purpose of this article, Turkey and all experienced Covidien-19 (Corono virus)from the effects of a new virus in the world, is to examine the sociological basis of the news (reports) in the Turkish media The concepts of "uncertainties", "turning point" and "liminality" in social relations and values, classified by Harrison White (1992), constitute the theoretical basis of this relational sociological study. The research questions, in which the article was sought in the critical analysis of the media, were formed on the basis of this theoretical framework. Uncertainties in social relations and values have been tried to be revealed through political discourse analysis of pictures and messages (Van Dick, 2016). Research findings revealed that the news in the media related to COVID-19virus caused attitudes and behaviors similar to those observed in previous bird flue (2005) and pig flue (2010) outbreaks in Turkey. In other words, while ontological insecurities lead to irrational reactions (morale panic) with the contribution of the media, serious measures , such as curfews of people over 65, are not taken too seriously despite all warnings of the Minister of Health and Science Committee. On the other hand, it can be said that the authoritarian tendencies towards broader measures such as the curfew proclamation in the whole country have increased.

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Jamieson, J. "Book Review: Scared of the Kids: Curfews, Crime and the Regulation of Young People." Youth Justice 3, no. 3 (December 1, 2003): 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147322540300300311.

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Lymbery, Alan. "Are pet cats bad for wildlife?" Pacific Conservation Biology 16, no. 3 (2010): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc100155.

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Pet cats receive bad press from conservationists. This is partly because there is an obvious link between pet cats and feral cats, and predation by feral cats is widely regarded as a key threatening process for endangered species of small vertebrates in Australia. There is also a perception, however, that pet cats are directly responsible for declines in wildlife populations, particularly around urban areas. As a consequence, many local government authorities have introduced regulations aimed at controlling cats, ranging from night-time curfews and confinement to complete prohibition of cat ownership. Greenaway (2010) discusses the approaches taken by local and state governments to control pet cats throughout Australia.

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Minor, Kevin I., James B. Wells, Irina R. Soderstrom, Rachel Bingham, and Deborah Williamson. "Sentence Completion and Recidivism among Juveniles Referred to Teen Courts." Crime & Delinquency 45, no. 4 (October 1999): 467–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128799045004004.

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This study focuses on sentence completion and recidivism of juveniles referred to teen courts for disposition by their peers as an alternative to judicial sentencing. More than 70 percent of the referrals completed their sentences, and just less than a third recidivated over a 1-year follow-up. In multivariate models, sentence completion was significantly less likely among persons sentenced to community service, and recidivism was significantly higher among juveniles with prior records and those who were sentenced to curfews. The findings imply the need for teen courts to be guided by sound program development efforts that are based on research so that they may circumvent the panacea phenomenon.

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Doumani, Beshara. "SCENES FROM DAILY LIFE: THE VIEW FROM NABLUS." Journal of Palestine Studies 34, no. 1 (2004): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2004.34.1.37.

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The picture of everyday life in besieged Nablus that emerges from this essay is one of simultaneous fragmentation and social cohesion: fragmentation in the class and generational tensions, factional power struggles, estrangement between townsmen and camp dwellers; social cohesion in the enduring family and solidarity networks, well-organized grassroots committees, and the unifying impact of Israeli military pressures. While shedding light on the radical cultural, demographic, and structural transformations underway, this closely observed personal narrative also conveys the sense of imprisonment that characterizes this virtually sealed off town subjected to individual and collective punishments, from targeted assassinations to selective curfews and the intentional destruction of infrastructure and architectural patrimony.

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