Relevant bibliographies by topics / Curfews

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Curfews'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Curfews"

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Males, Mike A. "Vernon, Connecticut's Juvenile Curfew: The Circumstances of Youths Cited and Effects on Crime." Criminal Justice Policy Review 11, no. 3 (September 2000): 254–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403400011003004.

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Despite widespread adoption of juvenile curfews, little research evaluates their effectiveness in reducing crime and promoting juvenile safety. This study examines Vernon, Connecticut's nighttime curfew of youths younger than 18. Connecticut and FBI Uniform Crime Reports are used to compare Vernon's Part I crime trends to those of similarly sized Connecticut cities (including those without curfews), Connecticut as a whole, and 600 similarly populated cities nationwide. The results show that after the curfew took effect in 1994, Vernon experienced a smaller decline in Part I crime than did comparable cities or the state. Furthermore, examination of 410 individual curfew stop citations issued by Vernon police for 1995-1998 showed only seven of the cited youths were involved in criminal or suspicious activities; none were intoxicated or endangered. The curfew's main effect was to occupy police time removing law-abiding youth from public, creating emptier, less policed streets, and possibly enhanced opportunities for crime.
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Ruefle, William, and Kenneth Mike Reynolds. "Curfews and Delinquency in Major American Cities." Crime & Delinquency 41, no. 3 (July 1995): 347–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128795041003005.

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In 1972, the Board of Trustees of the National Council on Crime and Delinquency called for the abolishment of municipal curfew ordinances. This article examines whether curfews have withered away as called for by supporters of the “noninterventionist” juvenile justice reform model, or whether they have flourished as part of the alternative “get tough” reform movement. The findings show that 59 of the 77 American cities with 1992 populations of more than 200,000 now have curfews. In one 5-year period (1990-1994) 26 of these 77 major cities adopted curfews for the first time. Key issues of curfew implementation are discussed.
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Hirschel, J. David, Charles W. Dean, and Doris Dumond. "Juvenile Curfews and Race: A Cautionary Note." Criminal Justice Policy Review 12, no. 3 (September 2001): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403401012003002.

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During the 1990s, the United States experienced a rise in the popularity of nocturnal juvenile curfews as a method of crime prevention. Prior research has not, however, found curfews to be particularly effective in achieving their goals, and concerns have been raised about discriminatory enforcement. In this article we examine the implementation of a juvenile curfew in a large southern city, Charlotte, North Carolina, and investigate its impact on different racial groups. The background characteristics of curfew violators were found to mirror those of juvenile offenders in general, and different types of violators were cited in different areas of town. However, although the curfew had a positive or at least a neutral effect on some offenders, it had an escalation effect on Asian and Hispanic youth. The policy implications of the findings are discussed.
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Wallace, Lacey N. "Baltimore’s Juvenile Curfew." Criminal Justice Review 45, no. 2 (January 19, 2016): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016815626971.

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Juvenile curfew statutes are used in hundreds of cities across the United States to prevent juvenile offending and victimization. In spite of their popularity, there is disagreement in the existing literature as to whether juvenile curfews are truly effective. The current study assesses the effectiveness of a change in the juvenile curfew statutes in Baltimore, MD. Data consist of police arrest records for the months preceding and following the curfew change. Regression analyses address both change in arrest totals and change in the ratio of youth to adult arrests and the ratio of arrests within curfew hours to outside of curfew hours. Results indicate an increase in the ratio of youth to adult arrests during curfew hours. However, arrest totals were decreasing overall at the time of the curfew change. Implications for further investigation are discussed.
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ADAMS, KENNETH. "ABOLISH JUVENILE CURFEWS." Criminology & Public Policy 6, no. 4 (November 29, 2007): 663–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2007.00484.x.

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Wong, Carlos K. H., Janet Y. H. Wong, Eric H. M. Tang, Chi Ho Au, Kristy T. K. Lau, and Abraham K. C. Wai. "Impact of National Containment Measures on Decelerating the Increase in Daily New Cases of COVID-19 in 54 Countries and 4 Epicenters of the Pandemic: Comparative Observational Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 7 (July 22, 2020): e19904. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/19904.

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Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a worldwide epidemic, and various countries have responded with different containment measures to reduce disease transmission, including stay-at-home orders, curfews, and lockdowns. Comparative studies have not yet been conducted to investigate the impact of these containment measures; these studies are needed to facilitate public health policy-making across countries. Objective The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate the impact of national containment measures and policies (stay-at-home orders, curfews, and lockdowns) on decelerating the increase in daily new cases of COVID-19 in 54 countries and 4 epicenters of the pandemic in different jurisdictions worldwide. Methods We reviewed the effective dates of the national containment measures (stay-at-home order, curfew, or lockdown) of 54 countries and 4 epicenters of the COVID-19 pandemic (Wuhan, New York State, Lombardy, and Madrid), and we searched cumulative numbers of confirmed COVID-19 cases and daily new cases provided by health authorities. Data were drawn from an open, crowdsourced, daily-updated COVID-19 data set provided by Our World in Data. We examined the trends in the percent increase in daily new cases from 7 days before to 30 days after the dates on which containment measures went into effect by continent, World Bank income classification, type of containment measures, effective date of containment measures, and number of confirmed cases on the effective date of the containment measures. Results We included 122,366 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection from 54 countries and 24,071 patients from 4 epicenters on the effective dates on which stay-at-home orders, curfews, or lockdowns were implemented between January 23 and April 11, 2020. Stay-at-home, curfew, and lockdown measures commonly commenced in countries with approximately 30%, 20%, or 10% increases in daily new cases. All three measures were found to lower the percent increase in daily new cases to <5 within one month. Among the countries studied, 20% had an average percent increase in daily new cases of 30-49 over the seven days prior to the commencement of containment measures; the percent increase in daily new cases in these countries was curbed to 10 and 5 a maximum of 15 days and 23 days after the implementation of containment measures, respectively. Conclusions Different national containment measures were associated with a decrease in daily new cases of confirmed COVID-19 infection. Stay-at-home orders, curfews, and lockdowns curbed the percent increase in daily new cases to <5 within a month. Resurgence in cases within one month was observed in some South American countries.
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Tunio, Ikram Ahmed, and Syed Mohammad Qaisar Sajjad. "End curfews in Kashmir." Lancet 396, no. 10255 (September 2020): e50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32568-1.

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Hemmens, Craig, and Katherine Bennett. "Juvenile Curfews and the Courts: Judicial Response to a Not-So-New Crime Control Strategy." Crime & Delinquency 45, no. 1 (January 1999): 99–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128799045001006.

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There is widespread sentiment that juvenile crime is out of control. Although this perception is incorrect, it has led to a number of changes in how juvenile offenders are dealt with, such as increased use of waiver to adult court and more frequent use of confinement as a sanction. This article examines the constitutionality of juvenile curfews, another currently popular response to the supposed juvenile crime wave. Because the Supreme Court has not provided guidance on this issue, the authors examine recent lower court decisions and discuss the legal implications of juvenile curfew laws.
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Odigbo, Ben, Felix Eze, and Rose Odigbo. "COVID-19 lockdown controls and human rights abuses: the social marketing implications." Emerald Open Research 2 (July 17, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35241/emeraldopenres.13810.1.

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Background: This work is a situation analysis of reported human rights abuses that have characterized the COVID-19 controls and lockdown in some countries of the world. This is as documented by reliable mass media sources, relevant international organizations and human rights non-governmental organizations between January 2020 to April 2020. Methods: A combined content analysis, critical analysis, and doctrinal method is applied in this study in line with the reproducible research process. It is a secondary-data-based situation analysis study, conducted through a qualitative research approach. Findings: The findings revealed among other things that: COVID-19 lockdowns and curfews’ enforcement by law enforcement officers contravened some peoples’ fundamental human rights within the first month. Security forces employed overt and immoderate forces to implement the orders. The lockdown and curfew enforcements were not significantly respectful of human life and human dignity. The COVID-19 emergency declarations in some countries were discriminatory against minorities and vulnerable groups in some countries. Research limitations/implications: This report is based on data from investigative journalism and opinions of the United Nations and international human rights organizations, and not on police investigations or reports. The implication of the study is that if social marketing orientations and risk communication and community engagement attitudes were given to the law enforcement officers implementing the COVID-19 lockdowns and or curfews, the human rights and humanitarian rights breaches witnessed would have been avoided or drastically minimized. Originality: The originality of this review is that it is the first to undertake a situation analysis of the COVID-19 lockdowns and curfews human rights abuses in some countries. The study portrayed the poor level of social marketing orientations and risk communication and community engagement attitudes amongst law enforcement officers, culminating in the frosty police-public relationships.
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Odigbo, Ben, Felix Eze, Rose Odigbo, and Joshua Kajang. "COVID-19 lockdown controls and human rights abuses: the socioeconomic and social marketing implications." Emerald Open Research 2 (June 11, 2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35241/emeraldopenres.13810.2.

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Background: This work is a situation analysis of reported human rights abuses that have characterized the COVID-19 controls and lockdown in some countries of the world. This is as documented by reliable mass media sources, relevant international organizations and human rights non-governmental organizations between January 2020 to April 2020. Methods: A combined content analysis, critical analysis, and doctrinal method is applied in this study in line with the reproducible research process. It is a secondary-data-based situation analysis study, conducted through a qualitative research approach. Findings: The findings revealed among other things that: COVID-19 lockdowns and curfews’ enforcement by law enforcement officers contravened some peoples’ fundamental human rights within the first month. Security forces employed overt and immoderate forces to implement the orders. The lockdown and curfew enforcements were not significantly respectful of human life and human dignity. The COVID-19 emergency declarations in some countries were discriminatory against minorities and vulnerable groups in some countries. Research limitations/implications: This report is based on data from investigative journalism and opinions of the United Nations and international human rights organizations, and not on police investigations or reports. The implication of the study is that if social marketing orientations and risk communication and community engagement attitudes were given to the law enforcement officers implementing the COVID-19 lockdowns and or curfews, the human rights and humanitarian rights breaches witnessed would have been avoided or drastically minimized. Originality: The originality of this review is that it is the first to undertake a situation analysis of the COVID-19 lockdowns and curfews human rights abuses in some countries. The study portrayed the poor level of social marketing orientations and risk communication and community engagement attitudes amongst law enforcement officers, culminating in the frosty police-public relationships.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Curfews"

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Hay, Kimberley Tara. "The constitutionality and efficacy of youth curfews." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51354.pdf.

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Barratt, David, and n/a. "Movement patterns and prey habits of house cats felis catus (l.) in Canberra, Australia." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 1995. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060607.160345.

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House cat movements in Canberra suburbs adjacent to grassland and forest/woodland areas were examined using radio-telemetry over 9 months. Information on the composition of vertebrate prey caught by house cats in Canberra was also collected by recording prey items deposited at cat owners' residences over 12 months. Home range areas of 10 suburban house cats, and a colony of seven farm cats, were examined using 95% convex polygons. Nocturnal home range areas of the suburban cats varied between 0.02 and 27.93 ha (mean 7.89 ha), and were larger than diurnal home range areas (range 0.02 to 17.19 ha - mean 2.73 ha). Nocturnal home range areas of cats from the farm cat colony varied between 1.38 and 4.46 ha (mean 2.54 ha), and were also larger than diurnal home range areas (range 0.77 to 3.70 ha - mean 1.70 ha). Activity levels were greater at night than during the day, though diel activity patterns varied seasonally in response to ambient temperature. Four suburban house cats moved between 390 m and 900 m into habitat adjoining the suburb. Movements further than 100-200 m from the suburb edge were always made at night. Polygons describing the home ranges of these animals were strongly spatially biased away from the suburban environment, though the cats spent the majority of their time within the bounds of the suburb. In addition to nocturnal and diurnal effects, home range areas, and subsequently habitat utilisation, appeared primarily determined by the density and spatial distribution of cats utilising separate food resources, and the dominance of individual cats in local social hierarchies, rather than gender or neutering effects. Home ranges of cats in the farm cat colony overlapped extensively, as did those of cats living at the same suburban residence. There was little or no overlap between the home ranges of cats from different residences. Barriers, in the form of busy roads, appeared to also significantly influence home range size and shape. Within home range areas, house cat movements during the day appeared strongly influenced by available cover (drains, tall grass, fences and shrubs etc.), and the location of resting/sunning spots and hunting sites close to home. At night, movement patterns appeared influenced by the location of favoured hunting sites toward the outer edges of home range areas (in this study, tall grass and scrub/forest habitat, and farm buildings). Nineteen hundred and sixty one prey items representing 67 species were reported or collected. Sixty-four percent of the prey items were introduced mammals, with native birds comprising 14%, introduced birds 10%, unidentified birds 3%, reptiles 7%, amphibians 1% and native mammals 1%. Predation appeared to be largely opportunistic with respect to spatial and temporal (daily and seasonal) prey availability and accessibility. All amphibians and 62% of mammals taken by cats not confined at night, were caught at night. In contrast, 70% of birds caught, and 90% of reptiles, were taken during the day (45% of birds between 0600 h and 1200 h, and 61% of reptiles between 1200 h and 1800 h). There was some evidence that small mammals are preferred prey of house cats. The mean number of prey items reported per cat over 12 months - 10.2 � 2.66 (2SE, n=138) - was significantly lower than mean predation per cat per year - 23.3 � 6.16 (2SE, n=138) - estimated by cat owners before the prey survey began. Seventy percent of cats were observed to catch less than 10 prey items over 12 months, but for 6% of cats, more than 50 prey items were recorded. Because counts of the amount of prey caught per house cat per unit time were highly positively skewed, data assumptions and statistical parameters used to extrapolate results from the study sample of cats, to the house cat population of Canberra, had a significant effect on estimates of total predation in Canberra. The precision of the total predation estimate was low (± 25%), from a sample of 0.3% of the Canberra house cat population. The accuracy of such estimates are dependent on how representative the study cat sample is of the wider house cat population, and on the proportion of prey items not observed by cat owners. The total amount of prey taken was not significantly influenced by cat gender, age when desexed, or cat breed. Nor did belling or the number of meals provided per day have a significant influence on predatory efficiency. Cat age and the proportion of nights spent outside explained approximately 11 % of the variation in the amount of prey caught by individual cats. House cat density and distance to prey source areas (rural/grassland habitat) explained 43% of variation in predation on introduced mammals and birds. The impact of predation beyond suburb edges is likely to be most significant on populations of small to medium sized arboreal and ground-dwelling mammals, because of their nocturnal nature, and because they appear to be preferred prey types of house cats. Impacts on diurnally active prey, such as most birds and reptiles, are likely to be confined to within 200 m of residential housing (possibly further where good cover is available). Properly enforced nocturnal confinement should restrict the range sizes of cats that roam widely and utilisation of habitat beyond suburb edges, and also reduce predation on mammals and amphibians. Night-time curfews however, are unlikely to greatly reduce predation on diurnally active species, including most birds and reptiles. Curfews are currently neither widely adopted nor effectively practiced in Canberra. Estimates of predation by house cats, particularly extrapolated estimates, should be treated with caution. They do not necessarily reflect relative impacts on different prey types. Nor do high rates of predation prove prey populations are detrimentally effected, particularly in urban environments. Nonetheless, on a small (backyard) scale in suburban environments, and in habitat within 1 km of residential housing, including isolated private properties, predation by individual cats may threaten populations of native wildlife. Hunting by house cats is particularly undesirable in relatively undisturbed habitat because of fundamental differences in the ecological processes operating in these areas (especially isolated remnants) compared with contrived and modified suburban environments. Adverse impacts on native fauna will always be potentially greatest in undisturbed habitat adjacent to new residential developments
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Lansley, Renee Nicole. "College women or college girls? gender, sexuality, and In loco parentis on campus /." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1101681526.

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Thomas, Michael Joseph. "Missing The Curfew: A Cultural History Case For Re-Reading Thomas Gray's Most Famous Line." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/590.

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Virtually all nineteenth and twentieth century accounts of Thomas Gray's 'Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard' find in the Curfew bell of the opening lines primarily a figure of death evoked by the growing darkness, the fading sounds, the emptying landscape and ultimate solitude of the speaker, and most of all the funerary associations of tolling bells and the 'passing bell' tradition. And yet, culturally, despite some symbolic overlap, the Curfew bell and the passing bell are quite distinct, each with its own characteristic history, practices, traditions, and connotations, distinctions recognized widely in eighteenth century literary and antiquarian circles. In this thesis, I explore the literary historical question of why so many readers, popular and scholarly, of the 'Elegy' have avoided the overt political implications of these Curfew traditions in favor of the more allusive funerary associations. I develop an argument grounded in both literary tradition and cultural history for taking Gray's famous Curfew seriously as a literal Curfew bell, rather than as merely a symbolic passing bell or funeral bell. The result is a view of the 'Elegy' as engaging with class on a more fundamental level than usually assumed, both anticipating and informing the language of political economic discourse in the latter half of the eighteenth century, suggesting that whether we take the poem most fundamentally as a moral meditation on the ultimate universality of death or as a more socio-political reflection on the disparities of class depends greatly on how we hear this tolling bell.
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au, karinmac@iinet net, and Karin Mac Arthur. "The 'Emperor's New Clothes': The Role of the Western Australian Press and State Government in Selling the Story of the Northbridge Curfew." Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070830.213559.

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The Northbridge curfew is one of the stand-out success stories of Western Australia’s Labor Government. Introduced in June 2003 in an alleged bid to make the streets safer, the Northbridge curfew has enjoyed overwhelming popular support and consistently high recognition in public opinion polls. This is despite the fact that the curfew bypasses those known to be responsible for most of the crime in the precinct (white males aged 18 to 35 years), targeting instead young people aged under 18 and affecting indigenous girls in particular. The curfew did not introduce any legislative changes (the police already had the powers under the Child Welfare Act 1947 to apprehend young people); neither did it allocate any additional resources to the organisations working with young people in Northbridge. Yet the coverage of the curfew in the WA press implied that indigenous youth presented a serious problem in Perth’s premier entertainment district and that the State Government was doing something about it. This thesis uses a framing analysis of the press coverage of the Northbridge curfew as well as interviews with the relevant journalists and government media advisers to demonstrate how news values, work routines and political imperatives encouraged the WA press and State Government to work together in creating a 'fable' about Northbridge that criminalised indigenous youth. I argue that the story of the Northbridge curfew, like the 'Emperor's new clothes’, presents a deliberate distortion of reality and that the various stages of its development illuminate the processes by which media and government can collaborate to manipulate public opinion. I draw on my research findings to present recommendations designed, first, to encourage media professionals to develop a range of sources beyond government and, second, to draw the attention of the State Government to the broader ramifications of the Northbridge curfew story for all members of the Western Australian community.
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Mac, Arthur Karin. "The 'Emperor's new clothes': the role of the Western Australian press and state government in selling the story of the Northbridge curfew." Thesis, Mac Arthur, Karin (2007) The 'Emperor's new clothes': the role of the Western Australian press and state government in selling the story of the Northbridge curfew. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/170/.

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The Northbridge curfew is one of the stand-out success stories of Western Australia's Labor Government. Introduced in June 2003 in an alleged bid to make the streets safer, the Northbridge curfew has enjoyed overwhelming popular support and consistently high recognition in public opinion polls. This is despite the fact that the curfew bypasses those known to be responsible for most of the crime in the precinct (white males aged 18 to 35 years), targeting instead young people aged under 18 and affecting indigenous girls in particular. The curfew did not introduce any legislative changes (the police already had the powers under the Child Welfare Act 1947 to apprehend young people); neither did it allocate any additional resources to the organisations working with young people in Northbridge. Yet the coverage of the curfew in the WA press implied that indigenous youth presented a serious problem in Perth's premier entertainment district and that the State Government was doing something about it. This thesis uses a framing analysis of the press coverage of the Northbridge curfew as well as interviews with the relevant journalists and government media advisers to demonstrate how news values, work routines and political imperatives encouraged the WA press and State Government to work together in creating a 'fable' about Northbridge that criminalised indigenous youth. I argue that the story of the Northbridge curfew, like the 'Emperor's new clothes', presents a deliberate distortion of reality and that the various stages of its development illuminate the processes by which media and government can collaborate to manipulate public opinion. I draw on my research findings to present recommendations designed, first, to encourage media professionals to develop a range of sources beyond government and, second, to draw the attention of the State Government to the broader ramifications of the Northbridge curfew story for all members of the Western Australian community.
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Mac, Arthur Karin. "The 'Emperor's new clothes': the role of the Western Australian press and state government in selling the story of the Northbridge curfew." Mac Arthur, Karin (2007) The 'Emperor's new clothes': the role of the Western Australian press and state government in selling the story of the Northbridge curfew. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/170/.

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The Northbridge curfew is one of the stand-out success stories of Western Australia's Labor Government. Introduced in June 2003 in an alleged bid to make the streets safer, the Northbridge curfew has enjoyed overwhelming popular support and consistently high recognition in public opinion polls. This is despite the fact that the curfew bypasses those known to be responsible for most of the crime in the precinct (white males aged 18 to 35 years), targeting instead young people aged under 18 and affecting indigenous girls in particular. The curfew did not introduce any legislative changes (the police already had the powers under the Child Welfare Act 1947 to apprehend young people); neither did it allocate any additional resources to the organisations working with young people in Northbridge. Yet the coverage of the curfew in the WA press implied that indigenous youth presented a serious problem in Perth's premier entertainment district and that the State Government was doing something about it. This thesis uses a framing analysis of the press coverage of the Northbridge curfew as well as interviews with the relevant journalists and government media advisers to demonstrate how news values, work routines and political imperatives encouraged the WA press and State Government to work together in creating a 'fable' about Northbridge that criminalised indigenous youth. I argue that the story of the Northbridge curfew, like the 'Emperor's new clothes', presents a deliberate distortion of reality and that the various stages of its development illuminate the processes by which media and government can collaborate to manipulate public opinion. I draw on my research findings to present recommendations designed, first, to encourage media professionals to develop a range of sources beyond government and, second, to draw the attention of the State Government to the broader ramifications of the Northbridge curfew story for all members of the Western Australian community.
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Oliver, Franz. "Ausgehverbot für Jugendliche, juvenile curfew, in den USA : Reformdiskussion und Gesetzgebung seit dem 19. Jahrhundert : mit einem Exkurs, Ausgehverbot für Jugendliche in Deutschland während des Zweiten Weltkrieges /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38895219w.

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Palhares, Cinthia Rodrigues Menescal. "Cada pena a seu tempo: o monitoramento eletrônico como sanção no Direito Penal brasileiro." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6897.

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A presente tese tem por objetivo central investigar a legitimidade da adoção do monitoramento eletrônico como sanção autônoma no sistema de justiça penal brasileiro. Para tanto, parte-se da perspectiva do controle social formal no contexto das sociedades tecnológicas e de riscos, no qual a prisão e o monitoramento estão inseridos, e traça-se um paralelo entre as sanções penais adotadas ao longo do desenvolvimento do Direito Penal e a evolução da sociedade. Enfocando o instituto do monitoramento eletrônico de presos, a tese aborda seu conceito, origens, espécies, evolução tecnológica, finalidades, modelos e aspectos constitucionais, tanto no Brasil, como em outros países. A partir de uma análise crítica de seu tratamento normativo, a nível federal e estadual, formulam-se proposições com o objetivo de preservar os direitos individuais dos monitorados, garantindo-se a idoneidade do sistema de monitoramento eletrônico como espécie de sanção penal, em harmonia com as finalidades preventiva e retributiva da pena, mas sem se descurar da sua potencialidade como instrumento de redução da superpopulação carcerária brasileira.
The objective of the present dissertation is to investigate the legitimacy of adopting electronic monitoring as a stand alone sanction in the Brazilian system of criminal justice. The concept of formal social control in the context of technological risk societies, of which detention and monitoring are intrinsic parts, allows a parallel to be drawn between the penalties adopted throughout the evolution of society and the development of the Criminal justice system. This dissertation analyzes the concept of electronic monitoring of detainees, the origins of this practice, and its types, technological evolution, purposes, models and constitutional aspects in Brazil as well as in other countries. Based on a critical analysis of the normative aspects of electronic monitoring at the federal and state levels, proposals are formulated in order to safeguard individual rights while ensuring the suitability of the system as a type of criminal sanction in keeping with the preventive and retributive purposes of justice. The potential presented by this type of sanction as a means to reduce prison overpopulation in Brazil must not however be overlooked.
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LU, HSUEH-FEN, and 陸雪芬. "Research of narrative structure of post-curfew Lesbine novels in Taiwan(1987~2003)." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18707677519278538577.

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碩士
國立中正大學
中國文學所
93
The thesis mainly deliberates Lesbian novels written after the era of curfew in Taiwan. It investigates the narrative structure of Lesbian novels of that certain period (1987-2003), analyzing both the text and the form of the works. Author starts with the five W’s – why the writers were interested in the stories of Lesbians, what kind of stories they were writing, who were the live model of the main characters of their works, how they constructed the stories, and where were the stories taken place. The thesis continued with an exploration of the narrative structure and literary value of the Lesbian novels, by examining the substances of novel writing such as topics, characters, plots, and occasions.
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Books on the topic "Curfews"

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Peterson, Lorna. Curfews: A bibliography. Monticello, Ill., USA: Vance Bibliographies, 1989.

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1977-, Espejo Roman, ed. Are teen curfews effective? Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2009.

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Shellenberger, Susie. Cars, curfews, parties, and parents. Minneapolis, Minn: Bethany House Publishers, 1995.

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United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention., ed. A 1-Minute Survey on Curfews. [S.l: s.n., 1997.

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United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, ed. A 1-Minute Survey on Curfews. [S.l: s.n., 1997.

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Urban, Lynn S. The deterrent effect of curfews: An evaluation of juvenile probationers. New York, NY: LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC, 2007.

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Urban, Lynn S. The deterrent effect of curfews: An evaluation of juvenile probationers. New York: LFB Scholarly Pub. LLC, 2007.

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United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, ed. Curfew, an answer to juvenile delinquency and victimization? Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1996.

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LeBoeuf, Donni. Curfew, an answer to juvenile delinquency and victimization? [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1996.

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T'ongje toen sigan kwa konggan. Sŏul T'ŭkpyŏlsi: Sech'ang Midiŏ, 2017.

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Book chapters on the topic "Curfews"

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Levesque, Roger J. R. "Curfews." In Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 586–87. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1695-2_472.

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Levesque, Roger J. R. "Curfews." In Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32132-5_472-2.

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Levesque, Roger J. R. "Curfews." In Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 829–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33228-4_472.

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de Chickera, Ruwanthie. "Curfews of thought." In The Routledge Companion to Applied Performance, 187–97. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge 2021. |: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003088042-23.

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Panja, Shormishtha. "Curfewed Night in Elsinore: Vishal Bhardwaj’s Haider." In The English Paradigm in India, 101–9. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5332-0_7.

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Filar, Jerzy A., Prabhu Manyem, Marc Simon Visser, and Kevin White. "Air Traffic Management at Sydney with Cancellations and Curfew Penalties." In Applied Optimization, 113–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0233-9_5.

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Parray, Imran. "Humour in the Age of Contagion: Coronavirus, ‘Janata Curfew’ Meme and India’s Digital Cultures of Virality." In Digital Humour in the Covid-19 Pandemic, 279–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79279-4_13.

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Githinji, Keziah Wangui, and Joyce Omwoha. "The Use of Meme and Hashtags on Twitter Towards Government Response During the COVID-19 Curfew Announcement from 1 June to 14 June 2020." In Digital Humour in the Covid-19 Pandemic, 295–317. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79279-4_14.

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"Juvenile Curfews." In The Encyclopedia of Civil Liberties in America, 520–22. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315699868-366.

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Nanni, Giordano. "Cultural curfews." In The colonisation of time. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7765/9781526118394.00013.

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Conference papers on the topic "Curfews"

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Shelton, Christopher Michael, Jeffrey S. Vipperman, Edward T. Nykaza, and Dan Valente. "Six Noise Type Military Sound Classifier." In ASME 2012 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference at InterNoise 2012. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ncad2012-0326.

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Blast noise from military installations often has a negative impact on the quality of life of residents living in nearby communities. This, in turn, negatively impacts the military’s testing & training capabilities due to restrictions, curfews, or range closures enacted to address noise complaints. In order to more directly manage noise around military installations, accurate noise monitoring around bases has become a necessity. Although most noise monitors are simple sound level meters, more recent ones are capable of discerning blasts from ambient noise with some success. Investigators at the University of Pittsburgh (Pitt) developed a more advanced noise classifier that can discern between wind, aircraft, and blast noise, while simultaneously lowering the measurement threshold. Here, more recent work between Pitt and the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center will be presented from the development of a more advanced classifier that identifies additional classes of noise such as machine gun fire, vehicles, and electronic noise. Additional signal metrics were explored given the increased complexity of the classifier. By broadening the types of noise the system can accurately classify and increasing the number of metrics, a new system was developed with increased blast noise accuracy, decreased number of missed events, and significantly fewer false positives.
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Kamalova, Anara. "The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Development of Tourism in Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c14.02669.

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This article examines the impact of Covid-19 on the development of the tourism industry of the Kyrgyz Republic. In accordance with the purpose of the research the theoretical issues of the tourism market are studied, the problems of tourism development in the post-covid period are identified, the analysis of the main economic indicators of the tourism industry is made, and at the end recommendations for eliminating the impact of the pandemic on the development of the tourism industry of the country are offered. The Kyrgyz Republic, like other countries of the world, faced Covid-19 in 2020, which affected the development of the economy in general - the tourism industry in particular. Especially external tourism suffered: according to the statistical committee of the republic in 2020 the inflow of tourists to the country decreased by 74% compared to 2019, the share of the tourism industry in GDP decreased several times. The closure of the borders of the republic, the announcement of curfews in many cities of the country and other restrictions related to the pandemic led to a record reduction in the flow of tourists into the country. Major travel agencies were closed. Under such conditions, the effects of the pandemic persist to this day. Therefore, in this article we will try to find more effective ways out of this crisis and give some suggestions for further stabilization of the situation in the market of tourist services in Kyrgyzstan.
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Turanjanin, Veljko. "UNFORESEEABILITY AND ABUSE OF CRIMINAL LAW DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN SERBIA." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18305.

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The author deals with the problem of criminal measures and sanctions in the legislation of the Republic of Serbia during the Covid-19 pandemic. The executive branch of the government declared a state of emergency in the Republic of Serbia in March 2020. At the same time the so-called Crisis Headquarter was established with the authority to impose measures of criminal-legal nature. During the two-month state of emergency, through the Crisis Headquarter, the executive branch of the government was changing criminal laws and sanctions at an almost daily basis. It is debatable whether such laws meet the rule of law and the European Court of Human Rights standards. Many citizens failed to adapt their behavior to the imposed measures. On the one hand, the courts have fallen into the trap of double punishment, both for a crime and for a misdemeanor. On the other hand, justifications of the courts’ decisions are also questionable, especially those containing references to statements made by members of the crisis team through the media. Furthermore, the Constitutional Court didn’t rule on any of the numerous requests for constitutional review, but in September it came out with the view that since the state of emergency was over, its decision was unnecessary. The paper is comprised of several units. In the first place, the author explains the process of legal changes by analyzing all the laws and rules that were passed by the end of 2020, as well as data related to the punishment of residents whose behavior was not in accordance with existing legal solutions. Bearing in mind the standards of the rule of law and the European Court of Human Rights, the author then explains that the measures implemented by the Serbian authorities do not meet the basic required criteria, primarily the foreseeability of the law, as well as that the laws were abused for the purpose of the election campaign. The special attention is paid to curfews and the complete ban on leaving homes for senior citizens well as ban of contacting with the family members, and then the lockdown of the rest of the population. The actions taken by the authorities during the epidemic resulted in violation of human rights of their citizens, and experience shows that the only court that citizens will be able to turn to will be the European Court of Human Rights. The author believes that with this understanding of the law and respect for its own citizens, the European Union can only be a distant idea.
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Mahmood, Basim. "Indicators on the Feasibility of Curfew on Pandemics Outbreaks in Metropolitan/Micropolitan Cities." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Communication, Networks and Satellite (COMNETSAT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comnetsat53002.2021.9530825.

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Alanazi, Fadhah. "The spread of COVID-19 at Hot-Temperature Places With Different Curfew Situations Using Copula Models." In 2021 1st International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics (CAIDA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/caida51941.2021.9425301.

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Balbin, Jessie R., John Maverick Ramos, Joseph Nathaniel Reyes, and Chile Marie Santiago. "SMS based Curfew Monitoring System for Detecting Minors from a Facial Database to Aid the Local Government Unit Using Image Processing." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Automatic Control & Intelligent Systems (I2CACIS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2cacis52118.2021.9495921.

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Albish, Roa'a, Fahad Al-Qarni, and Khalid Al-Zaidy. "Halliburton Saudi Arabia Crisis Management and Lessons Learn During COVID-19 Pandemic in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22140-ea.

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Abstract During the first quarter of 2020, the world encountered a crucial and unprecedented health crisis. The global transmission of COVID-19 poses a significant challenging situation for Oil and Gas industry, particularly in the absence of standardized procedures and recognized methods. Like many other countries worldwide, Saudi Arabia implemented the lockdown for utmost public and private services and controlled population movement through curfew. With the execution of these tight mitigation requirements, Halliburton Saudi Arabia has been able to maintain business continuity by looking at the basic approach of health, safety, and environmental (HSE) processes through crisis management decision making and utilizing digital solutions. The purpose of this paper is to showcase how Halliburton Saudi Arabia developed sustainable adjustable process and methods that reduced exposure and the pandemic-related potential risks associated with working in offices, rig sites, workshops, and laboratories while maintaining business continuity in operation, manufacturing, and technology. Halliburton Saudi Arabia preformed risk analysis, tracking systems, exposure modification methodologies, communication strategies and management decisions that helped the company overcome challenges during the pandemic. The implementation of risk assessments, adaptable safety procedures and utilizing more than 5 digital platforms, served Halliburton employees and its work force throughout 2021 and into 2032. In this paper, we share lessons learned during the pandemic, how we overcame the unprecedented health crisis and how we continue to deal with the pandemic impact.
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Jayalath, C., and K. K. G. P. Somarathna. "COVID-19 AND INFORMAL LABOUR IN CONSTRUCTION: A NARRATIVE ANALYSIS OF WEBINAR DISCUSSIONS." In The 9th World Construction Symposium 2021. The Ceylon Institute of Builders - Sri Lanka, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2021.19.

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Many countries after a remarkable spike in COVID-19 cases, opted to lockdown and quarantine curfew that restricted the movement of people. Construction is one of the main sectors experiencing a clear impact due to COVID-19. As a significant growth driver of the economy, the domestic construction industry employs nearly one million of the population directly in various trades. Unfortunately, almost every project has been severely hampered. It is, therefore, prudent to address the impact of the pandemic on construction labour at the outset and end of the crisis to prepare for any future challenges or opportunities that it may undergo. This study aims to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on the construction industry's survival and possible measures to be taken in both the short and the long run. This paper summarizes using a narrative analysis of the key takeaways of 15 webinar discussions on the COVID-19 impact and outlook of the construction sector in Sri Lanka. The impacts and fallouts have been addressed by key industry personnel. The study found the most prominent impacts of COVID-19 are the suspension of projects, labour impact, and job loss, time overrun, cost overrun, and delay in payments. The findings of this study shed light on the consequences of the sudden occurrence of a pandemic and raise awareness of the most critical impacts which cannot be overlooked. The findings also help project stakeholders prepare for any future worst-case scenarios.
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Alalouni, Ahmed, Abubaker Saeed, and Muhammad Arsalan. "The Internet of Sensors IoS in Oil and Gas Industry." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204811-ms.

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Abstract In a highly sensitivity oil and gas upstream conditions, there is a need for a real-time interaction platform to cope with harsh environment. The oil and gas business faces data validity constraints in terms of reliability, accuracy, and repeatability to name a few. The Internet of Sensors (IoS), with appropriate utilization, will play a major role in the industry's digital transformation. Predetermined IoS platforms with applicable characteristics are functioning in critical oil and gas environment applications. For example, some oil and gas wells produces harmful gases, like hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Fiber-optic sensors can be used as a leak detection tool for H2S resistance to inform oil and gas curfew if harmful gas is detected at the well site using cloud computing. Scale and corrosion monitoring of external pipelines is one of the integrity challenges. Ultrasonic sensors are embedding for real-time scale thickness feedback and corrosion monitoring by utilizing wireless transmission directly to end-user devices. A paradigm shift is happening with the IoS applications in oil and gas operations for sensitivity, reliability, and accuracy that will add intelligence, smart decisions, and control to the operational landscape. A comprehensive review of the art in oil and gas IoS presented in this paper. The target is to evaluate state-of-the-art IoS platforms for hazardous environments such as oil and gas facilities in terms of type of sensors used, applicability, functionalities, linearity, and accuracy, type of output signals, outputs range, and materials used. This work establishes classification and comparison of the IoS for better data collection, communication, connectivity, observation, and reporting in the world of oil and gas sensors. The IoS platforms classified and compared in tables consisting of different characteristics for the best-suited IoS platform designs in oil and gas appliance applications. This will provide references for IoS design engineers.
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Reports on the topic "Curfews"

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Bowler, L. A., and H. S. Mahmassani. Routing of radioactive shipments in networks with time-varying costs and curfews. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/291124.

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Hennigan, Cian. Reproduction of 'Mental Health Costs of Lockdowns: Evidence from Age-Specific Curfews in Turkey'. Social Science Reproduction Platform, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.48152/ssrp-n4d7-jw42.

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Hennigan, Cian. Reproduction of 'Mental Health Costs of Lockdowns: Evidence from Age-Specific Curfews in Turkey'. Social Science Reproduction Platform, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.48152/ssrp-4997-hh54.

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Strachan, Anna Louise. The Impact of Covid-19 on Research Methods and Approaches. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/cc.2021.002.

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The Covid-19 pandemic, and measures to contain the spread of the virus, such as border closures, quarantine requirements, mandatory PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) tests, curfews, and social distancing requirements, have had a significant impact on research methods and approaches. Most of the available literature assumes that remote data collection is the only viable means of collecting primary data during the pandemic, so that is the focus of this report. While there is an extensive discussion of challenges associated with undertaking primary data collection during this time, there are also several commentaries and opinion pieces that highlight the opportunities and positive aspects of remote data collection.
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Fisbhen, Marco, Victor Sahate, and Augusto Duarte. How Disruptive Innovators Prepare Today's Students to Be Tomorrow's Workforce?: Descomplica and Effective Remote Learning. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002962.

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In Brazil, income and race impact on standardized test grades. Standardized test grades are the sole criterion for access to most public universities, or the top higher education institutions. In response, the whole university preparation industry has emerged to cater to students from high-income families, rigging the selection process and perpetuating inequality. This paper aims to describe typical university admissions systems in Brazil to demonstrate how Descomplica is changing the odds of thousands of underprivileged students. With a clear picture of how this system caters to the more privileged, we introduce Descomplica, its tools and learning methodology, and the significant improvements it brings to students, who would not have a hope of joining quality higher education institutions in Brazil otherwise. Finally, the paper discusses the potential impacts and replicability for similar innovation elsewhere in the Americas to help decision-makers in the region especially when lockdowns and curfews are necessary, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Berdiqulov, Aziz. ECMI Minorities Blog. Is Uzbekistan Not Ready to Let It Go? Unrest in Karakalpakstan. European Centre for Minority Issues, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/kpsa1020.

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In July 2022, unprecedented demonstrations took place in Uzbekistan’s Autonomous Republic of Karakalpakstan. These demonstrations followed proposed constitutional amendments which would remove Karakalpakstan’s right to freely secede from the Uzbek Republic. Thousands of Karakalpaks joined together for peaceful demonstrations to protest against the changes concerning their homeland. Tashkent reacted in line with what seems to have become a Central Asian formula: military troops were sent to suppress the demonstrations, which led to multiple deaths and injuries; the Internet was shut down; curfews were introduced; and checkpoints were set up around the region. The President of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, came to Karakalpakstan to promise that its status would not change as the proposed amendments would be removed. The probability of Karakalpakstan seceding through a referendum remains low: it is the poorest region of Uzbekistan, and Karakalpaks are not even the majority of the population there. However, the status and the right to secede seem to play a significant symbolic role to the Karakalpak people, as their quick and coordinated mobilisation has shown.
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Mahdavian, Farnaz. Germany Country Report. University of Stavanger, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.180.

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Germany is a parliamentary democracy (The Federal Government, 2021) with two politically independent levels of 1) Federal (Bund) and 2) State (Länder or Bundesländer), and has a highly differentiated decentralized system of Government and administration (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, 2021). The 16 states in Germany have their own government and legislations which means the federal authority has the responsibility of formulating policy, and the states are responsible for implementation (Franzke, 2020). The Federal Government supports the states in dealing with extraordinary danger and the Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI) supports the states' operations with technology, expertise and other services (Federal Ministry of Interior, Building and Community, 2020). Due to the decentralized system of government, the Federal Government does not have the power to impose pandemic emergency measures. In the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to slowdown the spread of coronavirus, on 16 March 2020 the federal and state governments attempted to harmonize joint guidelines, however one month later State governments started to act more independently (Franzke & Kuhlmann, 2021). In Germany, health insurance is compulsory and more than 11% of Germany’s GDP goes into healthcare spending (Federal Statistical Office, 2021). Health related policy at the federal level is the primary responsibility of the Federal Ministry of Health. This ministry supervises institutions dealing with higher level of public health including the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), the Paul-Ehrlich-Institute (PEI), the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) and the Federal Centre for Health Education (Federal Ministry of Health, 2020). The first German National Pandemic Plan (NPP), published in 2005, comprises two parts. Part one, updated in 2017, provides a framework for the pandemic plans of the states and the implementation plans of the municipalities, and part two, updated in 2016, is the scientific part of the National Pandemic Plan (Robert Koch Institut, 2017). The joint Federal-State working group on pandemic planning was established in 2005. A pandemic plan for German citizens abroad was published by the German Foreign Office on its website in 2005 (Robert Koch Institut, 2017). In 2007, the federal and state Governments, under the joint leadership of the Federal Ministry of the Interior and the Federal Ministry of Health, simulated influenza pandemic exercise called LÜKEX 07, and trained cross-states and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007b). In 2017, within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with representatives from WHO and the World Bank to prepare for future pandemic events (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). By the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, on 27 February 2020, a joint crisis team of the Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI) and the Federal Ministry of Health (BMG) was established (Die Bundesregierung, 2020a). On 4 March 2020 RKI published a Supplement to the National Pandemic Plan for COVID-19 (Robert Koch Institut, 2020d), and on 28 March 2020, a law for the protection of the population in an epidemic situation of national scope (Infektionsschutzgesetz) came into force (Bundesgesundheitsministerium, 2020b). In the first early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Germany managed to slow down the speed of the outbreak but was less successful in dealing with the second phase. Coronavirus-related information and measures were communicated through various platforms including TV, radio, press conferences, federal and state government official homepages, social media and applications. In mid-March 2020, the federal and state governments implemented extensive measures nationwide for pandemic containment. Step by step, social distancing and shutdowns were enforced by all Federal States, involving closing schools, day-cares and kindergartens, pubs, restaurants, shops, prayer services, borders, and imposing a curfew. To support those affected financially by the pandemic, the German Government provided large economic packages (Bundesministerium der Finanzen, 2020). These measures have adopted to the COVID-19 situation and changed over the pandemic. On 22 April 2020, the clinical trial of the corona vaccine was approved by Paul Ehrlich Institute, and in late December 2020, the distribution of vaccination in Germany and all other EU countries
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Reproduction of 'Mental Health Costs of Lockdowns: Evidence from Age-Specific Curfews in Turkey'. Social Science Reproduction Platform, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.48152/ssrp-r149-wr05.

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