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Kim, Y.-S., S.-H. Choi, B.-N. Lee, Y.-C. Hwang, I.-N. Hwang, W.-M. Oh, JL Ferracane, and H.-S. Chang. "Effect of Tack Cure on Polymerization Shrinkage of Resin-based Luting Cements." Operative Dentistry 45, no. 4 (April 3, 2020): E196—E206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/19-159-l.
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Clinical Relevance Self-cure after tack cure could result in a lower polymerization shrinkage in some resin-based luting cements, which is closely related to lower degree of cure. SUMMARY Objectives: To evaluate the effect of tack cure on polymerization shrinkage (PS) of resin-based luting cements. Methods and Materials: One composite resin cement, Duo-Link (Duolink); two self-adhesive resin cements, RelyX U200 (U200) and G-CEM LinkAce (GCem); and one resin-modified glass ionomer cement, RelyX Luting Plus (Luting+), were used for measuring PS in light-cure (LC group), self-cure (SC group), and two tack-cure modes that were light cured (TC-LC group) or self-cured (TC-SC group) after tack cure. PS was measured by a modified bonded disc method for 1600 seconds and analyzed with two-way analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significant difference test. To investigate the effect of tack cure on light cure or self-cure, data were analyzed with an independent-samples t-test with tack cure as a variable. The significance level was 5%. Results: Regarding cure mode, Duolink showed a significantly lower PS in the TC-SC group compared with the other groups. Luting+ showed a significantly lower PS in the TC-SC group than in the SC group. U200 showed a significantly lower PS in the self-cure groups compared with that in the light-cure groups. The PS of GCem was not affected by cure mode. Regarding cements, Luting+ showed the highest PS, followed by GCem, Duolink, and U200 (p<0.05). Self-cure of Duolink and Luting+ was negatively affected by tack cure, while light cure was not affected. U200 and GCem were not affected by tack cure either in the self-cure or light-cure groups. Conclusion: For the tested cements, tack cure decreased the PS of Duolink and Luting+ when they were self-cured after tack cure. When the cements were light cured after tack cure, PS was not affected by tack cure in any cement.
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Satyam, Abhigyan, and George C. Tsokos. "Curb complement to cure COVID-19." Clinical Immunology 221 (December 2020): 108603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2020.108603.
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Kowalski, Jennifer R., Geoffrey C. Hoops, and R. Jeremy Johnson. "Implementation of a Collaborative Series of Classroom-Based Undergraduate Research Experiences Spanning Chemical Biology, Biochemistry, and Neurobiology." CBE—Life Sciences Education 15, no. 4 (December 2016): ar55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.16-02-0089.
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Classroom undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) provide students access to the measurable benefits of undergraduate research experiences (UREs). Herein, we describe the implementation and assessment of a novel model for cohesive CUREs focused on central research themes involving faculty research collaboration across departments. Specifically, we implemented three collaborative CUREs spanning chemical biology, biochemistry, and neurobiology that incorporated faculty members’ research interests and revolved around the central theme of visualizing biological processes like Mycobacterium tuberculosis enzyme activity and neural signaling using fluorescent molecules. Each CURE laboratory involved multiple experimental phases and culminated in novel, open-ended, and reiterative student-driven research projects. Course assessments showed CURE participation increased students’ experimental design skills, attitudes and confidence about research, perceived understanding of the scientific process, and interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines. More than 75% of CURE students also engaged in independent scientific research projects, and faculty CURE contributors saw substantial increases in research productivity, including increased undergraduate student involvement and academic outputs. Our collaborative CUREs demonstrate the advantages of multicourse CUREs for achieving increased faculty research productivity and traditional CURE-associated student learning and attitude gains. Our collaborative CURE design represents a novel CURE model for ongoing laboratory reform that benefits both faculty and students.
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Poorabdollah, Mehdi, and Arezoo Kamran. "Optimising cure cycle of unsaturated polyester nanocomposites using directed grid search method." Polymers and Polymer Composites 27, no. 5 (February 5, 2019): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967391119826650.
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In this research, a method is proposed for optimising cure cycle of neat unsaturated polyester (UP) resins, and UP resins containing Cloisite 20A (UP/20A), in thin parts. Using the proposed optimisation method, optimised cure cycles for both neat UP resin system and UP/20A were calculated. Results of dynamic mechanical analysis tests show that samples cured by the optimised cure cycles are slightly different from those samples cured using a long-term cure cycle in terms of structural relaxation. This confirms that the proposed optimisation method not only reduces the cure cycle duration efficiently but also preserves the quality of the samples.
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Parthasarathy, Sanjay, Susan C. Mantell, and Kim A. Stelson. "Estimation, Control and Optimization of Curing in Thick-Sectioned Composite Parts." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 126, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 824–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1850536.
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A nonlinear model-based control method is proposed and validated for controlling, estimating and optimizing the cure in composite parts. During the cure, the exothermic reaction causes temperature gradients through the thickness that can lead to a nonuniform cure and high residual stress. A predictive control and optimization approach is proposed to ensure that temperature gradients are kept within acceptable limits and the cure state is fairly uniform, regardless of the part thickness. A reduced order process model is derived and used to formulate a dynamic inversion controller. A nonlinear observer is constructed to estimate the unknown temperature and cure states within the composite. An on-line optimizer determines the maximum allowable heating rate. The optimizer is run at discrete intervals throughout the process to account for process and part variability. The control, estimation and optimization algorithms were validated through a series of simulations and experiments of composite parts cured in a press. Parts that were cured with the proposed control method were compared with parts cured following a manufacturer’s recommended cure cycle. The results demonstrate the success of the proposed control method in achieving uniform temperature and cure, and in decreasing the residual stress, without increasing cycle time.
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Gorkovskiy, Anton, Michael Reidy, Daniel C. Masison, and Reed B. Wickner. "Hsp104 disaggregase at normal levels cures many [PSI+] prion variants in a process promoted by Sti1p, Hsp90, and Sis1p." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 21 (May 8, 2017): E4193—E4202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1704016114.
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Overproduction or deficiency of many chaperones and other cellular components cure the yeast prions [PSI+] (formed by Sup35p) or [URE3] (based on Ure2p). However, at normal expression levels, Btn2p and Cur1p eliminate most newly arising [URE3] variants but do not cure [PSI+], even after overexpression. Deficiency or overproduction of Hsp104 cures the [PSI+] prion. Hsp104 deficiency curing is a result of failure to cleave the Sup35p amyloid filaments to make new seeds, whereas Hsp104 overproduction curing occurs by a different mechanism. Hsp104(T160M) can propagate [PSI+], but cannot cure it by overproduction, thus separating filament cleavage from curing activities. Here we show that most [PSI+] variants arising spontaneously in anhsp104(T160M)strain are cured by restoration of just normal levels of the WT Hsp104. Both strong and weak [PSI+] variants are among those cured by this process. This normal-level Hsp104 curing is promoted by Sti1p, Hsp90, and Sis1p, proteins previously implicated in the Hsp104 overproduction curing of [PSI+]. The [PSI+] prion arises inhsp104(T160M)cells at more than 10-fold the frequency in WT cells. The curing activity of Hsp104 thus constitutes an antiprion system, culling many variants of the [PSI+] prion at normal Hsp104 levels.
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Xu, Wei, Haoyang Li, Qian Wang, Chen Hua, Hanzhen Zhang, Weihua Li, Shibo Jiang, and Lu Lu. "Advancements in Developing Strategies for Sterilizing and Functional HIV Cures." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6096134.
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Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has been successful in prolonging lifespan and reducing mortality of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, the eradication of latent HIV reservoirs remains a challenge for curing HIV infection (HIV cure) because of HIV latency in primary memory CD4+ T cells. Currently, two types of HIV cures are in development: a “sterilizing cure” and a “functional cure.” A sterilizing cure refers to the complete elimination of replication-competent proviruses in the body, while a functional cure refers to the long-term control of HIV replication without treatment. Based on these concepts, significant progress has been made in different areas. This review focuses on recent advancements and future prospects for HIV cures.
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Swain, Prafulla Kumar, Gurprit Grover, and Komal Goel. "Mixture and Non-Mixture Cure Fraction Models Based on Generalized Gompertz Distribution under Bayesian Approach." Tatra Mountains Mathematical Publications 66, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tmmp-2016-0025.
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Abstract The cure fraction models are generally used to model lifetime data with long term survivors. In a cohort of cancer patients, it has been observed that due to the development of new drugs some patients are cured permanently, and some are not cured. The patients who are cured permanently are called cured or long term survivors while patients who experience the recurrence of the disease are termed as susceptibles or uncured. Thus, the population is divided into two groups: a group of cured individuals and a group of susceptible individuals. The proportion of cured individuals after the treatment is typically known as the cure fraction. In this paper, we have introduced a three parameter Gompertz (viz. scale, shape and acceleration) or generalized Gompertz distribution in the presence of cure fraction, censored data and covariates for estimating the proportion of cure fraction through Bayesian Approach. Inferences are obtained using the standard Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique in openBUGS software.
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Rejman, Daniel John, Theodore Eliades, Thomas G. Bradley, and George Eliades. "Polymerization Efficiency of Glass-Ionomer and Resin Adhesives under Molar Bands." Angle Orthodontist 78, no. 3 (May 1, 2008): 549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/022207-88.1.
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Abstract Objective: To determine the degree of cure of a light-cured resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) under molar bands compared with a light-cured resin and a dual-cured resin. Materials and Methods: The 3 cements used were Fuji Ortho LC, Eagle Spectrum resin, and Variolink II dual-cure. Each sample was indirectly light cured for 20 seconds (10 seconds occlusally, 10 seconds cervically) under sections of molar bands, and the degree of cure was evaluated with micro-MIR FTIR spectroscopy. Results: The RMGI exhibited a significantly higher mean degree of cure (55.31%) than both of the resins (Eagle 19.23%; Variolink II, 25.42%), which did not differ significantly at α = .05 level of significance. Conclusion: Higher degree of conversion can be obtained from RMGIs under molar bands compared with composite resin adhesives provided the proper curing technique is used.
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Sloane, Michael E. "Is There a Cure for Desperate Cures?" Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 33, no. 1 (January 1988): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/025269.
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Esparza, David, Amy E. Wagler, and Jeffrey T. Olimpo. "Characterization of Instructor and Student Behaviors in CURE and Non-CURE Learning Environments: Impacts on Student Motivation, Science Identity Development, and Perceptions of the Laboratory Experience." CBE—Life Sciences Education 19, no. 1 (March 2020): ar10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.19-04-0082.
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Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) serve to increase student access to authentic scientific opportunities. Current evidence within the literature indicates that engagement in CUREs promotes students’ science identity development, science self-efficacy, motivation, and ability to “think like a scientist.” Despite the importance of these findings, few studies have examined the behaviors and interactions occurring within CURE and non-CURE settings and the impact of those behaviors on said student outcomes. To address these concerns, we conducted a mixed-methods study to explore student and instructor behaviors in four CURE and four non-CURE introductory biology laboratory sections. Representative video data were collected in each section and coded using the Laboratory Observation Protocol for Undergraduate STEM. In addition, pre/postsemester affective survey data were obtained from CURE and non-CURE participants. Results indicated that CURE students and instructors engaged in more interactive behaviors (e.g., one-on-one dialogue, questioning) than their non-CURE counterparts, a finding confirmed by analyzing behavioral patterns via construction of partial correlation networks. Multiple regression analyses further revealed that both student and instructor interactive behaviors and enrollment in a CURE were strong predictors of pre/postsemester shifts in student motivation, science identity development, collaboration, and perceived opportunities to make relevant scientific discoveries.
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Hubbell, Earl, and Christina Clarke. "Abstract 2239: Detecting cancer when it can be cured: The potential for cure across all stageable cancers." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 2239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2239.
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Abstract Introduction: Early detection of cancer may reduce cancer mortality by providing access to treatments with the potential to cure cancer at early stages. A mixture cure model divides cancer cases into two populations: one where cancer is likely to severely impact mortality (not-cured) and one where long-term survival with low risk is possible (cured). Previous work on such models has concentrated on estimating cure for either many cancer types without regard to stage (public health arena), or single cancers by stage at diagnosis (screening arena). A gap in the current literature is an estimation of likelihood of cure in many cancer types at all stages. Methods: We estimate a mixture-cure model for all stages simultaneously for stageable cancers using the fact that cancer is a progressive disease (worse by stage) as a constraint on model parameters. We applied this estimation procedure to 21 cancer classes with standard American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging using 12 years of cancer-specific survival data in 50-79 year old individuals using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program data from 2006-2015 followed to 2018. For each stage, we recover the fraction of those cured (“cure fraction”, i.e., long-term survivors with minimal excess hazard) and not-cured (severe acute mortality due to cancer, modeled as a Weibull distribution). Results: Cure fractions varied between cancer classes. Two important types of cancer behavior are illustrated by colorectal and gallbladder cancers. Colorectal cancer had a good potential for cure at any stage before metastasis, with a precipitous drop from 63% (95% CI: 62-64%) cure at stage III to 7% (6-7%) cure at stage IV. In contrast, gallbladder cancer exhibited a systematic decrease at each stage, with 47% (43-52%) cure fraction at stage I, 22% (20-24%) at stage II, 20% (17-22%) at stage III, and 2% (2-3%) at stage IV. Differences in 5-year survival between earlier stages and metastasis were highly correlated to differences in cure fraction (r^2=0.97), suggesting differences in 5-year survival are a proxy for differences in cure. Conclusions: Long-term survivors were evident at early stages for all 21 cancer types examined. These survival fractions were all greatly reduced by the time cancer reached metastasis. This indicates early-stage cancers do not differ from late-stage cancers simply by lead time and provides statistical evidence that detection of cancer in early stages may result in long-term survival for many stageable cancer types. Citation Format: Earl Hubbell, Christina Clarke. Detecting cancer when it can be cured: The potential for cure across all stageable cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2239.
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Inada, Takaomi, and Akira Todoroki. "Smart Cure Monitoring Method of Carbon/Epoxy Laminates Using Electric Capacitance Change with Applied Alternating Current Frequency." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 2903–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.2903.
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Authors have developed an electric resistance change method for delamination monitoring of carbon/epoxy composite laminates. The method employs reinforcement fibers as sensors; electrodes are co-cured. Co-cured electrodes for delamination monitoring are adopted in the present study as sensors for monitoring the degree of cure. This study proposes a new method using electrical capacitance change for monitoring the degree of cure without using additional sensors. Applying alternating current between electrodes during the cure process provides dielectric properties of carbon/epoxy composites. As with the conventional cure monitoring method using extra dielectric sensors, the degree of cure of composites is monitored by measuring the dielectric constant of composites. The dielectric constant of epoxy resin changes concomitant with change of frequency of applied alternating current (AC). Using dependency of the applied AC frequency of the dielectric constant, the degree of cure is measured directly. The proposed method is applied to single and multi-ply carbon/epoxy composite laminates. The method demonstrates excellent estimations of the degree of cure without additional sensors.
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Lucifora, Julie, and Christian Trepo. "After HCV cure, HBV cure?" Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology 12, no. 7 (June 23, 2015): 376–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2015.103.
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TAWEAB, FAUZIA ALI, NOOR AKMA IBRAHIM, and BADER AHMAD I. ALJAWADI. "ESTIMATION OF CURE FRACTION FOR LOGNORMAL RIGHT CENSORED DATA WITH COVARIATES." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 09 (January 2012): 308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512005363.
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In clinical studies, a proportion of patients might be unsusceptible to the event of interest and can be considered as cured. The survival models that incorporate the cured proportion are known as cure rate models where the most widely used model is the mixture cure model. However, in cancer clinical trials, mixture model is not the appropriate model and the viable alternative is the Bounded Cumulative Hazard (BCH) model. In this paper we consider the BCH model to estimate the cure fraction based on the lognormal distribution. The parametric estimation of the cure fraction for survival data with right censoring with covariates is obtained by using EM algorithm.
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Rashid, Dr Amal Abdul-Latif. "Temperature Effect on the Hardness of Different types of Resin Denture Base Materials." Mustansiria Dental Journal 10, no. 1 (February 14, 2018): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32828/mdj.v10i1.186.
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The cold cured acrylic resin is inferior to heat cured acrylic resin from stand pointof strength and degree of polymerization. Many attempts have been made to improvethese properties. Because heat affects maturity of the chemical reaction of acrylicresin therefore its maintenance during polymerization will affect the properties ofcured resin.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of increase curing temperatureon the hardness of two commercially available cold cured acrylic resin material(Holland and Germany type) in comparison to heat cure resin and to those(cold cure)curing by conventional methods in air at 23°C ± 5°C.Ninety specimens,10 specimens from heat cure resin curing by water bath(shortcycle) and eighty specimens from cold cured acrylic [forty from cold curedacrylic(Holland Type) and forty from cold cured acrylic(Germany type)] wereprepared , flasking and packing procedure were done according to manufacturerdirection and divided according to processing as follow:20 specimens(10 fromHolland type and 10 from Germany type) were processed in air for two hours at 23°C± 5°C under press (bench curing) as a control, and 60 specimens(30 from Hollandtype and 30 from Germany type) were processed by ivomat curing device containingwater under air pressure 30 Pascal for 15 minutes at different temperature: 40°C,60°C, and 80°C(10 specimens for each groups) .All specimens were tested forhardness test by shore D device (adigital model) for measuring the indentationhardness of the specimens the test load was set to 50 Newton for shore (( D ))which issuitable for acrylic resin material .Result showed that heat cure resin show the maximum value of hardness(88.8),followed by cold cured acrylic type Germany( polymerized by elevatedtemperature 80˚C) (88.696) followed by cold cured acrylic type Holland polymerizedat 60˚C(88.471). While control group type Germany (polymerized at air bench)recorded the minimum value of hardness (81.83). All groups that polymerized at hightemperature: 40°C, 60°C, and 80°C show the higher value of hardness in comparisonto those processed by conventional methods (at air bench at 23°C ± 5°C) withsignificant and highly significant differences. There were highly significantdifferences between heat cure acrylic and cold cure (both types) processed byconventional methods and with cold cure Holland type processed at 40˚C, but therewere no significant differences between heat cure acrylic and cold cure (both types)processed at high temperatures.
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Hubbard, Robert L. "Effects of Under-Fill Curing on Substrate Warpage." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2011, DPC (January 1, 2011): 001857–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2011dpc-wp34.
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The formulation of flip-chip under-fill adhesives has become more critical to avoid stress-induced cracking at the solder ball interfaces farthest from the center of the die (neutral point) and of the low-k dielectric layers on the die surface. Single die packages, multiple die packages, and thin core-less substrates have now become so warped as to make the ball attach and board attach processes difficult. Recommended under-fill supplier cure profiles are generally accepted without much modification. This work compares the stress-induced substrate warpage developed in flip-chip assemblies using seven different under-fills from three different suppliers. Both low and high Tg materials from each supplier are included. Standard isothermal convection oven cures and variable frequency microwave (VFM) cures were compared with programmed multi-step cure profiles to determine the optimum conditions for lowest die stress and substrate warpage. Due to the complex nature of modern under-fill mixtures and the significant differences in the heating mechanisms, the thermo-mechanical properties of the cured resins are not easily interpreted with respect to cause and effect, however some of the results are surprising. The differences in warpage between “full cure” and “cure to Tg” profiles for both heating methods are demonstrated and discussed with respect to potential adhesive network structures from model studies and actual thermal data. Recommendations are made for dispense temperatures, ramp rates, soak temperatures, and extended curing. These effects are important when assemblies face additional heat processing such as subsequent solder reflow.
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JACKSON, ARMITRA L., CHARLWIT KULCHAIYAWAT, GARY A. SULLIVAN, JOSEPH G. SEBRANEK, and JAMES S. DICKSON. "Use of Natural Ingredients To Control Growth of Clostridium perfringens in Naturally Cured Frankfurters and Hams." Journal of Food Protection 74, no. 3 (March 1, 2011): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-365.
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A major concern for processed meats marketed as natural/organic is that they do not contain nitrite in concentrations known to be most effective for inhibiting foodborne pathogens. Supplemental treatments to increase the level and consistency of antimicrobial protection in these products may be important to provide consumers with the degree of safety that they have come to expect from conventionally cured meats. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify and test ingredients that might improve processed meat product safety without altering their natural/organic status. Eight treatments of hams and frankfurters were prepared: (A) uncured control (typical ingredients except nitrite and nitrate); (B) conventionally cured control (erythorbate, nitrite, and a lactate-diacetate blend); (C) natural nitrate cure (including starter culture containing Staphylococcus carnosus); (D) natural nitrate cure (culture and natural antimicrobial A containing a vinegar, lemon, and cherry powder blend); (E) natural nitrate cure (culture and antimicrobial B containing a cultured sugar and vinegar blend); (F) natural nitrite cure without additional antimicrobials; (G) natural nitrite cure with natural antimicrobial A; and (H) natural nitrite cure with antimicrobial B. For the hams, treatments C, D, E, and H impacted growth of Clostridium perfringens to the same extent (P < 0.05) as the conventionally cured control (approximately 2 log less growth over time than uncured control). For frankfurters, treatments D, G, and H had an effect (approximately 1 log) on growth equivalent to that of the conventionally cured control (P < 0.05). These results suggest that natural/organic cured meats have more potential for pathogen growth than conventionally cured products, but supplemental natural ingredients offer safety improvement.
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De La Motte Rouge, Thibault, Sebastien Couraud, Morgan Roupret, Chantal Touboul, Christine Lhomel, Jerome Viguier, Francois Eisinger, Laurent Greillier, and Jean F. Morere. "How far do laypersons believe in the cure of cancer? Results of the EDIFICE6 survey." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 11616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.11616.
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11616 Background: Advances in therapy and early detection, by population-based screening in particular, have significantly increased the number of patients cured from cancer. However, cancer patients’ chances of being cured varies strongly from one cancer to another. We studied the understanding of the concept of cure in the lay population and the factors associated with believing that cancer can be cured. Methods: The French nationwide observational survey, EDIFICE 6, was conducted online (June 26-July 28, 2017) on a core sample of 12 046 individuals (age, 18-69y). Representativeness was ensured by quota sampling on age, sex, profession, and stratification by geographical area/type of urban district. This analysis focused on understanding of the meaning of cure in breast (BC), cervical (CC), colorectal (CRC), lung (LC) and bladder (BLC) cancer for individuals with no history of cancer. Results: The majority of respondents believed that cure exists (BC 95%; CC 91%; CRC 89%; BLC 87%, LC 71%). Some agreed with the definition that cure is the disappearance of the disease (BC 42%; CC 38%; CRC 35%; BLC 33%, LC 25%), while others preferred the definition that cure is several years without disease (BC, CC 53%; CRC, BLS 54%; LC 46%). More men than women (P < 0.05) believed that cure exists for CRC, BLC and LC. Socially non-vulnerable individuals were more likely to believe in cure than their vulnerable counterparts (P < 0.05), as were individuals aged 50-69y (P < 0.05) versus those of 18-50y, and for all cancer types except LC. In multivariate analysis, the variable “clinical research enables progress” was correlated with believing that cure exists (BC, OR = 2.93; CC, OR = 1.86; CRC, OR = 2.22; LC, OR = 1.57, BLC, OR = 2.06), as was “progress is rapid” (BC, OR = 1.61; CC, OR = 1.66; CRC, OR = 1.7; LC, OR = 1.84; BLC OR = 1.68), and also social non-vulnerability. However, the variables “prevention”, respectively screening/treatments, “are important for cancer control” had a low impact on the belief in cure (OR~1). Conclusions: The lay population is relatively optimistic about the cure for cancer. Confidence in the existence of cure relies on medical progress. However, factors related to individual behavior, e.g., prevention and screening, did not affect the perception of cure.
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Omer, Mohamed Elamin Abdallah Mohamed Elamin, Mohd Rizam Abu Bakar, Mohd Bakri Adam, and Mohd Shafie Mustafa. "Cure Models with Exponentiated Weibull Exponential Distribution for the Analysis of Melanoma Patients." Mathematics 8, no. 11 (November 2, 2020): 1926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8111926.
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In the survival data analysis, commonly, it is presumed that all study subjects will eventually have the event of concern. Nonetheless, it tends to be unequivocally expected that a fraction of these subjects will never expose to the event of interest. The cure rate models are usually used to model this type of data. In this paper, we introduced a maximum likelihood estimates analysis for the four-parameter exponentiated Weibull exponential (EWE) distribution in the existence of cured subjects, censored observations, and predictors. Aiming to include the fraction of unsusceptible (cured) individuals in the analysis, a mixture cure model, and two non-mixture cure models—bounded cumulative hazard model, and geometric non-mixture model with EWE distribution—are proposed. The mixture cure model provides a better fit to real data from a Melanoma clinical trial compared to the other two non-mixture cure models.
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Corwin, Lisa A., Mark J. Graham, and Erin L. Dolan. "Modeling Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experiences: An Agenda for Future Research and Evaluation." CBE—Life Sciences Education 14, no. 1 (March 2, 2015): es1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.14-10-0167.
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Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) are being championed as scalable ways of involving undergraduates in science research. Studies of CUREs have shown that participating students achieve many of the same outcomes as students who complete research internships. However, CUREs vary widely in their design and implementation, and aspects of CUREs that are necessary and sufficient to achieve desired student outcomes have not been elucidated. To guide future research aimed at understanding the causal mechanisms underlying CURE efficacy, we used a systems approach to generate pathway models representing hypotheses of how CURE outcomes are achieved. We started by reviewing studies of CUREs and research internships to generate a comprehensive set of outcomes of research experiences, determining the level of evidence supporting each outcome. We then used this body of research and drew from learning theory to hypothesize connections between what students do during CUREs and the outcomes that have the best empirical support. We offer these models as hypotheses for the CURE community to test, revise, elaborate, or refute. We also cite instruments that are ready to use in CURE assessment and note gaps for which instruments need to be developed.
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Herda, Ellyza, Nadia Safira Ninda, and Mia Damiyanti. "POST-CURE’S EFFECT ON THE DEPTH OF CURE OF A SHORT FIBER-REINFORCED RESIN COMPOSITE." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 9 (January 1, 2018): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2017.v9s2.43.
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Objective: This study aimed to identify post-cure’s effect on the depth of cure (DOC) of a short fiber-reinforced resin composite (SFRC).Methods: Six EverX PosteriorTM shade A3 specimens were cured with a light-emitting diode light curing unit with 800 mW/cm2 of light irradiation for 20 s. The specimens were divided into two groups. The first was measured immediately post-cure and the second was measured 24-h post-cure. They were measured with a Vickers microhardness profile test. An independent t-test was used to analyze the significance of the differences between the DOC value and different variables.Results: The DOC of the specimens measured immediately post-cure was 3.02±0.02 mm. The DOC of the specimens measured 24-h post-cure was 3.93±0.03 mm.Conclusion: The DOC of the specimens measured 24-h post-cure was significantly higher than the DOC of the specimens measured immediately post-cure. Post-cure polymerization (24-h post-cure) can increase the DOC values of an SFRC.
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O'Brien, Daniel J., Patrick T. Mather, and Scott R. White. "Viscoelastic Properties of an Epoxy Resin during Cure." Journal of Composite Materials 35, no. 10 (May 15, 2001): 883–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/a037323.
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The cure dependent relaxation modulus of an epoxy resin was investigated over the entire range of cure extent. Parallel plate rheometry was used to measure the material behavior below the gel point of the epoxy network. Creep testing in three-point bend was used for specimens cured past gelation. All data were converted to the stress relaxation modulus for comparison of the material behavior among the various cure states and between the two experimental techniques. The data were used to develop a practical model for predicting the cure dependence of the relaxation modulus throughout cure under varying processing conditions.
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Rudin, Anatoliy V., Travis J. McKenzie, Roberta Wermer, Geoffrey B. Thompson, and Melanie L. Lyden. "Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Redefining Cure." American Surgeon 85, no. 2 (February 2019): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481908500231.
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Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common cause of hypercalcemia. Follow-up can be resource-intensive and costly. The aim of this study was to determine if there is a subset of patients who can be defined cured earlier than six months. This was a retrospective study of patients who underwent parathyroidectomy between January 2012 and March 2014. Patients with a history of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome, and secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism were excluded. Patients with normal preoperative calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) and those without six months follow-up were excluded. Patients were divided into two groups: cured and not cured. Data analysis was performed between the two groups. A total of 509 patients were screened, and 214 met our inclusion criteria: 202 in the cured category and 12 in the not cured category (94% cure rate). There was no significant difference between age, gland weight, or pre-operative PTH. There was a statistically significant difference between final intraoperative PTH (IOPTH) (37 vs 55, P = 0.008) and per cent PTH decrease (69 vs 43%, P < 0.0001). There was a significant difference between intraoperative cure rate (P < 0.0006), imaging concordance (P = 0.0115), and solitary versus multiglandular disease (P = 0.0151). Subgroup analysis in patients with concordant imaging, solitary parathyroid adenoma, and IOPTH decrease by 50 per cent to normal or near-normal correlated with a six-month cure rate of 97 per cent. Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism with concordant imaging, single-adenoma pathology, and IOPTH decrease by 50 per cent to normal or near-normal levels (15–65 pg/mL) can be considered cured and may need less frequent follow-up.
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White, S. R., and A. B. Hartman. "Effect of Cure State on Stress Relaxation in 3501-6 Epoxy Resin." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 119, no. 3 (July 1, 1997): 262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2812254.
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Little experimental work has been done to characterize how the viscoelastic properties of composite material matrix resins develop during cure. In this paper, the results of a series of creep tests carried out on 3501–6 epoxy resin, a common epoxy matrix material for graphite/epoxy composites, at several different cure states is reported. Beam specimens were isothermally cured at increasing cure temperatures to obtain a range of degrees of cure from 0.66 to 0.99. These specimens were then tested in three-point bending to obtain creep compliance over a wide temperature range. The master curves and shift functions for each degree of cure case were obtained by time-temperature superposition. A numerical technique and direct inversion were used to calculate the stress relaxation modulus master curves from the creep compliance master curves. Direct inversion was shown to be adequate for fully cured specimens, however it underpredicts the relaxation modulus and the transition for partially cured specimens. Correlations with experimental stress relaxation data from Kim and White (1996) showed that reasonably accurate results can be obtained by creep testing followed by numerical conversion using the Hopkins-Hamming method.
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Nazair, Claude, Brahim Benmokrane, Marc-Antoine Loranger, Mathieu Robert, and Allan Manalo. "A comparative study of the thermophysical and mechanical properties of the glass fiber reinforced polymer bars with different cure ratios." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 29 (May 9, 2018): 4105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318774833.
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Cure ratio is a key property for the acceptance and use of glass fiber reinforced polymer bars in civil engineering infrastructure. Yet, there have been no reported studies investigating the effect of cure ratio on the physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the fiber reinforced polymer bars. This paper presents an interlaboratory test program involving four laboratories to evaluate the cure ratio and glass transition temperature of glass fiber reinforced polymer bars from different production lots. The effect of cure ratio on the physical, mechanical, and microstructure of the glass fiber reinforced polymer bars was also evaluated. The results of this study show that the cure ratio significantly affected the glass transition temperature ( Tg) of the glass fiber reinforced polymer bars tested. The results also show that interlaminar shear strength of the glass fiber reinforced polymer bars was affected by the cure ratio but not the physical and tensile properties, microstructure, or chemical composition. The fully cured glass fiber reinforced polymer bars had interlaminar shear strength up to 8% higher than the partially cured bars. Nonetheless, the glass fiber reinforced polymer bars with a cure ratio of only 96% still had properties well above the minimum prescribed physical and mechanical properties for the reinforcing materials in concrete structures.
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Auchincloss, Lisa Corwin, Sandra L. Laursen, Janet L. Branchaw, Kevin Eagan, Mark Graham, David I. Hanauer, Gwendolyn Lawrie, et al. "Assessment of Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experiences: A Meeting Report." CBE—Life Sciences Education 13, no. 1 (March 2014): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.14-01-0004.
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The Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experiences Network (CUREnet) was initiated in 2012 with funding from the National Science Foundation program for Research Coordination Networks in Undergraduate Biology Education. CUREnet aims to address topics, problems, and opportunities inherent to integrating research experiences into undergraduate courses. During CUREnet meetings and discussions, it became apparent that there is need for a clear definition of what constitutes a CURE and systematic exploration of what makes CUREs meaningful in terms of student learning. Thus, we assembled a small working group of people with expertise in CURE instruction and assessment to: 1) draft an operational definition of a CURE, with the aim of defining what makes a laboratory course or project a “research experience”; 2) summarize research on CUREs, as well as findings from studies of undergraduate research internships that would be useful for thinking about how students are influenced by participating in CUREs; and 3) identify areas of greatest need with respect to CURE assessment, and directions for future research on and evaluation of CUREs. This report summarizes the outcomes and recommendations of this meeting.
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Hamed, Gary R., and Kanoktip Boonkerd. "EFFECT OF CURE EFFICIENCY ON PROPERTIES OF GUM AND BLACK FILLED NATURAL RUBBER VULCANIZATES." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 84, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3577535.
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Abstract Effects of the sulfur cure efficiency on the reversion behavior and the normal and edge-cut tensile strength of gum and black filled natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates were studied. N, N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (DCBS) was used as an accelerator. A series of five vulcanizates with high to low cure efficiencies was prepared by increasing the sulfur (S) to DCBS ratios within the range of 0.26–6.66. All vulcanizates were formulated to have the same crosslink density. The degree of reversion (%) calculated from cure curves of gum and black filled NR at 20 min above the cure time (tc100) passed through maximum with decreasing cure efficiencies. For both gum and black filled NR, the highest degree of reversion (%) was observed at the S/DCBS ratio of 1.17. The normal tensile strengths of gum and black filled NR were directly proportional to the cure efficiency. For gum NR vulcanizates, the edge-cut tensile strength was markedly influenced by cure efficiency. Similar to the normal tensile strength, the gum NR vulcanizates cured with the lowest cure efficiency showed the lowest edge-cut tensile strength. Effect of the cure efficiency on the edge-cut tensile strength was less in the case of black filled NR vulcanizates. However, the black filled NR vulcanizates cured with the lowest cure efficiency also showed the lowest edge-cut tensile strength. The cut tip characteristics of the fracture specimens were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The gum specimens showed only the simple lateral cracking pattern, while all black filled specimens showed the longitudinal cracking pattern. Four different cracking patterns of the black filled specimens were identified. The distribution of cracking patterns depended strongly on the size of precut and the cure efficiency.
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Corcos, Maurice, and Denis Bochereau. "Cure." Le Carnet PSY 212, no. 9 (2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lcp.212.0022.
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Guha, Sudipto, Rajeev Rastogi, and Kyuseok Shim. "CURE." ACM SIGMOD Record 27, no. 2 (June 1998): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/276305.276312.
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Greening, Tom. "Cure." Journal of Humanistic Psychology 35, no. 1 (January 1995): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00221678950351005.
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Cathebras, Pascal. "Cure." Lancet 359, no. 9325 (June 2002): 2273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(02)09300-5.
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Ellison, Norig. "Cure." Anesthesia & Analgesia 113, no. 4 (October 2011): 960–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e318221b056.
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Blaivas, Jerry G. "Cure." Neurourology and Urodynamics 16, no. 3 (1997): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6777(1997)16:3<143::aid-nau1>3.0.co;2-e.
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Gray, Michael. "Cure." Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 24, no. 3 (October 1, 1991): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/45227780.
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Miller, Kenneth David, Joseph Abraham, and Brijen L. Joshi. "The use of the word “cure” in oncology." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 6067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.6067.
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6067 Background: Use of the word “cure” in cancer care reflects a balance of physician and patient optimism, realism, medico-legal concerns, and even superstition. The purpose of this study was to survey a group of clinicians regarding the frequency and determinants of using the word “cure” in their practice. Methods: In 2011, 180 oncology clinicians at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute were invited to complete a survey regarding the word “cure” in cancer care. Participants completed a 19 question survey regarding how commonly their patients are cured, how often they use the word cure, in what circumstances they would tell a patient that they are cured, the timing of telling a patient that they are cured, and hesitancy in using the word cure. Three patient case scenarios were presented to elicit participants’ views regarding whether patients were cured and whether they need continued follow-up. Results: The 117 participants who provided answers to the cure questions (65% of the original 180 invitees), were evenly divided between males and females,73% were medical doctors, and 56% had 10 or more years of experience since their training. Eighty-one percent of respondents were hesitant to tell a patient that they are cured and 63% would never tell a patient that they are cured. Only 7% feel that greater than 75% of their patients are, or will be, cured. This varied significantly by subspecialty (p<0.001). The participating clinicians reported that only 34% (sd: 30%) of patients ask if they are cured. In considering 20-year survivors of seminoma, large cell lymphoma, and estrogen positive breast cancer, 81%, 73%, and 47% of clinicians, respectively, believed that the patients were cured and 33%, 38%, and 52% recommended annual oncology follow-up of the patients. Twenty-three percent of clinicians believed that patients should never be discharged from the cancer center. Conclusions: Oncologists report that patients are hesitant to ask whether they are cured, and the clinicians are hesitant to tell, although this varied by cancer subspecialty. Annual oncology follow-up was frequently endorsed, even after 20 years in remission.
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Almohareb, Thamer, Abdulaziz A. Alayed, Khalid M. Alzahrani, Ahmed M. Maawadh, Basil Almutairi, Rana S. Alhamdan, Ahlam Bahkali, Tariq Abduljabbar, and Fahim Vohra. "Influence of curing duration and mixing techniques of bulk fill resin composites on bi-axial flexural strength and degree of conversion." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 18 (January 2020): 228080002097572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2280800020975721.
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Objectives: The aim was to assess the influence of polymerization duration, method and resin manipulation techniques on the biaxial flexural strength (BFS) and degree of conversion (DC) of bulk fill resin composites (BFRC). Methods: One hundred and eighty disc specimens were fabricated using MultiCore (MC) and Core-It (CI) bulk fill resin composite. Each material group, specimens were divided into nine subgroups based on curing methods (Light cure for 10 and 20 s; and auto-cure) and mixing techniques (first auto-mix, second automix, and hand mix). BFS was tested with a ball indenter at a crosshead speed of 0.50 mm/min. DC was assessed for MC and CI materials for 10 s and 20 s light cure; and auto cure specimens using Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Statistical data comparisons were performed using ANOVA, Bonferroni and Tukey-Kramer tests. Results: For MC and CI, BFS was highest in 10 s light cure specimens, however comparable to specimens cured for 20 s ( p > 0.05). Auto cure specimens showed lower BFS than light cured samples for both materials ( p < 0.05). Hand mixed specimens showed significantly compromised BFS compared to automix technique for MC and CI. DC % was comparable for 10 s and 20 s light cure methods for both materials ( p > 0.05), which was higher than DC % of auto cure bulk fill resins ( p < 0.05). CI showed higher DC % and BFS compared to MC bulk fill resin composite. Conclusion: Photo-polymerization duration of 10 and 20 s showed similar outcomes for BFS and DC %; and BFS for auto-mixed resins (MC and CI) was significantly higher than hand mixed resin. BFS and DC was higher in photopolymerized groups as compared to auto-cured resin regardless of the manipulation technique for both materials (MultiCore and Core it).
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Iaconesi, Salvatore. "La Cura, An Open Source Cure for Cancer." Big Data 1, no. 3 (September 2013): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/big.2013.0028.
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Yu, H., S. G. Mhaisalkar, and E. H. Wong. "Effect of temperature on the cure shrinkage measurement of non-conductive adhesives for flip chip interconnects." Journal of Materials Research 20, no. 5 (May 2005): 1324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2005.0159.
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Non-conductive adhesive (NCA) flip chip interconnects are emerging as attractive alternatives to lead or lead-free solder interconnects due to their environmental friendliness, lower processing temperatures, and extendability to fine pitch applications. The electrical connectivity of a NCA interconnect relies solely on the pure mechanical contact between the integrated circuit bump and the substrate pad; the electrical conductivity of the contact depends on the mechanical contact pressure, which in turns depends to a large extend on cure shrinkage characteristic of the NCA. In addition, to reduce the cost and increase the output, NCA is usually ramped up to 200 °C and cured for 1 min during the assembly process. However, fast cure reaction poses a great challenge for the accurate measurement of cure shrinkage. In this paper, to precisely determine the cure shrinkage at high temperature, cure shrinkage was first measured at lower temperatures with slow reaction rate by means of thermomechanical analyzer and then extrapolated to high temperatures. With the increase of cure temperature, the maximum of degree of cure will increase, but the maximum cure shrinkage reduces due to the expansion of materials at higher cure temperature. Furthermore, the slopes of the linear relationship between the cure shrinkage and the degree of cure at different cure temperatures after gelation were found to be similar and independent of the cure temperature. The cure shrinkage from gel-point to complete curing was determined to be 4.275%.
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Abed lateef, Abbas. "Effects of Nano silver particles on mechanical properties of polymeric dental filling." Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v20i1.686.
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Polymeric dental filling (light-cured dental filling) have many problems like polymerization shrinkage and weakness in mechanical properties. Recently, scientists found that nanoparticles are good solutions for many problems in dentistry. Four nanoparticles were prepared ZnO, silver, ZrO2, and TiO2 by
sol-gel, laser ablation, chemical, and sol-gel methods. These nanoparticles were then added to light-cured dental filling as fillers. The polymeric dental filling containing the nanoparticles prepared were then examined by X-ray diffraction, depth of cure, compression strength, hardness (lower and upper surfaces), degree of cure, relation between depth of cure and degree of cure, diameter of samples, and polymerization shrinkage. The results showed that polymeric dental filling containing silver nanoparticles had the maximum values of compression strength and hardness with improved mechanical strength with no polymerization shrinkage of the dental filling
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Waenawae, Waefatimah, Santi Pumkrachang, Syahril bin Zainudin, Thammasit Vongsetskul, and Tanakorn Osotchan. "Curing Mechanism Study for Dual Cure of Epoxy Adhesive by Differential Scanning Calorimetry." Materials Science Forum 864 (August 2016): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.864.3.
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Epoxy adhesive used in electronic packaging could normally be cured by ultraviolet light, heat at high temperature or dual cured by both processes. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been used to identify and analyze the occurred reaction during the curing process. The structural modification of epoxy during curing could be examined by measuring its thermal properties, and the change in molecular structure of epoxy could be observed by a relative small area of DSC peak. This provided the heat amount required for complete cure. It is found that the DSC peak area after heat cure at 90 °C increased linearly as a function of heating time while that at 120 °C decreased exponentially. For UV cure, it indicated that the curing mechanism was strongly depend on the energy from UV light. For dual cure at 90 °C, the heat curing time could be reduced from single curing process of 50 minutes to 6 minutes, while the heating time for dual cure at 120 °C could be reduced from 4 minutes to 2 minutes.
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Bhanwal, Urvashi, Karthik Jagdish, Veena Pai, and Yashwanth LNU. "Effect of Different Base Materials and Techniques on Microleakage in Class II Composite Open Sandwich Restorations: An in vitro Study." World Journal of Dentistry 5, no. 2 (2014): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1265.
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ABSTRACT Aims This study was performed to compare microleakage in class II composite restorations with flowable composites and dual cure composite resin as intermediate material and also to evaluate the effect of delayed light polymerization of dual cure composite base on microleakage. Materials and methods Class II box cavities were made with air water spray and divided into four groups. Group 1 was restored without base, group II with flowable composite base, group III with a dual cure composite base which was immediately cured and group IV with 60 seconds delayed cure, dual cure composite base. Remaining cavity was restored with composite resin Specimens were immersed in methylene blue dye after thermocycling and sectioned through mesiodistal center of tooth and observed for leakage pattern. Microleakage was evaluated using dye penetration with methylene blue. Microleakage pattern was observed under a stereomicroscope. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test were used for statistical analysis. Results Results of the study showed that application of a composite resin base below a class II composite restoration significantly decreased microleakage as compared to restorations without a base. The least and comparable microleakage scores were seen in groups with flowable composite and dual cure composite (delayed cure) as a base, followed by dual cure composite which was immediately cured. How to cite this article Bhanwal U, Nadig RR, Jagdish K, Pai V, Yashwanth. Effect of Different Base Materials and Techniques on Microleakage in Class II Composite Open Sandwich Restorations: An in vitro Study. World J Dent 2014;5(2):87-91.
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Barbieri, Antoine, and Catherine Legrand. "Joint longitudinal and time-to-event cure models for the assessment of being cured." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 29, no. 4 (June 19, 2019): 1256–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280219853599.
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Medical time-to-event studies frequently include two groups of patients: those who will not experience the event of interest and are said to be “cured” and those who will develop the event and are said to be “susceptible”. However, the cure status is unobserved in (right-)censored patients. While most of the work on cure models focuses on the time-to-event for the uncured patients (latency) or on the baseline probability of being cured or not (incidence), we focus in this research on the conditional probability of being cured after a medical intervention given survival until a certain time. Assuming the availability of longitudinal measurements collected over time and being informative on the risk to develop the event, we consider joint models for longitudinal and survival data given a cure fraction. These models include a linear mixed model to fit the trajectory of longitudinal measurements and a mixture cure model. In simulation studies, different shared latent structures linking both submodels are compared in order to assess their predictive performance. Finally, an illustration on HIV patient data completes the comparison.
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Abou-Id, Luciana Rigueira, Luís Fernando S. A. Morgan, Gerluza Aparecida Borges Silva, Luiz Thadeu de Abreu Poletto, Lincoln Dias Lanza, and Rodrigo de Castro Albuquerque. "Ultrastructural evaluation of the hybrid layer after cementation of fiber posts using adhesive systems with different curing modes." Brazilian Dental Journal 23, no. 2 (April 2012): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402012000200005.
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This in vitro study evaluated the adhesive interface of intraradicular fiber glass posts and root dentin using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Forty-eight single-rooted premolars were randomly divided into 6 groups consisting of chemical, dual, or light cured adhesive systems combined with either chemical or dual cure resin cements. Scanning electron microscopic analysis showed the best results for continuity, density and morphology of the hybrid layer and resin tags for the combination of a self-cure adhesive with self-cure cement resin, followed by a dual-cure adhesive with self-cure cement resin, and finally a light-cure adhesive with self-cure cement. For the dual-cure resin cement, the same relation may be observed. The apical third was the most critical region for evaluated the criteria for all combinations of materials (Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests; p<0.001). Generally, the simplification of steps in the adhesive system and the polymerization reaction of resin adhesives and cements produced a direct effect on the quality of the adhesive post/dentin substrate interface.
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Ren, Ming Fa, Qi Zhong Huang, and Hao Ran Chen. "Stress Development in the Process for a Hybrid Fiber Wrapping Cylinder." Key Engineering Materials 486 (July 2011): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.486.151.
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In a curing process, there is an intensive residual stress in a cylinder with a reinforced part wrapped by hybrid composite due to the kinds of fibers and mismatch material properties. The development of residual stress in the cylinder is investigated by a finite element model combing with the classical laminate theory and heat conduction. The level of residual stress at the ends of reinforced part is higher than else location, a cure cycle with a lower cure temperature would reduce the residual stress. An improved cure cycle is proposed by comparing the simulational results of the cylinder cured with different cure cycle.
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Goodwin, Emma C., Jessica R. Cary, and Erin E. Shortlidge. "Not the same CURE: Student experiences in course-based undergraduate research experiences vary by graduate teaching assistant." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 27, 2022): e0275313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275313.
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To expose all undergraduate science students to the benefits of participating in research, many universities are integrating course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) into their introductory biology laboratory curriculum. At large institutions, the bulk of introductory labs are instructed by graduate teaching assistants (GTAs). Graduate students, who are often teachers and researchers in training, may vary in their capacity to effectively teach undergraduates via the CURE model. To explore variation in GTA teaching and the subsequent outcomes for students, we used a case study research design at one institution where introductory biology students participate in GTA-taught CURE lab sections. We used multiple data sources, including in-class focus groups, worksheets, and surveys to explore student perceptions of the GTA-led CURE. Students perceived variation both in the ability of their GTAs to create a supportive and comfortable learning environment, and in the instructional priorities of their GTAs. We also compared student and GTA perspectives of student engagement with research elements in the CURE. While GTAs were divided in their perceptions of whether the CURE provided students with the opportunity to experience the element of relevant discovery, most students—regardless of their GTA—did not perceive that relevant discovery was emphasized in the CURE. Finally, individual GTAs seemed to influence how students perceived why they were participating in the CURE. These data imply that students in CUREs may have vastly different and potentially inequitable research experiences depending on their instructor.
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Salih, Dr Shatha Abdullah. "The effect of Light Emitting Diode and Sandwich technique on Pulp Temperature during Polymerization of Composite resin." Mustansiria Dental Journal 6, no. 1 (March 20, 2018): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32828/mdj.v6i1.416.
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This in vitro study evaluated the effect of glass ionomer liner in limiting temperature rise during composite curing with Light Emitting Diode (LED cure unit) compare it with Conventional visible light-cure lamp.Twenty sound upper premolar teeth were used & on the buccal and palatal surfaces of them, a standardized class V cavity was prepared, 1mm occlusal to the cemento-enamel junction. Cavity dimensions of occluso-gingival height 1.5mm, mesio-distal width of 3mm. The depth of the cavity was 2mm and was calibrated by measuring with a pre marked periodontal probe. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups according to the cure mode and filling teqnique. Each group consist of 5 teeth (10 cavities); Group I; each cavity filled with 2mm (micro-hybrid resin composite) and cured with Quartz Tungsten Halogen light unit (QTH), Group II; the same as Group I but cured with Light Emitting Diod (LED cure unit), Group III; each cavity filled with glass ionomer lining of 0.5mm and 1.5mm (micro-hybrid resin composite), and cured with Quartz Tungsten Halogen light unit (QTH), & Group IV; each cavity filled with glass ionomer lining of 0.5mm and 1.5mm (micro-hybrid resin composite) but cured with Light Emitting Diod (LED cure unit). Temperature was measured before light curing of the composite resin & immediately after it. Then the Temperature was measured by a type K thermocouple.The results revealed that there were significant differences between the groups at p<0.01 with in favor of the group filled with composite resin & cured with LED with glass ionomer lining.The use of sandwich restorations with LED curing unit produced lesser temperature degrees toward the pulp space.
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Takagaki, Kazunori, Shinsaku Hisada, Shu Minakuchi, and Nobuo Takeda. "Process improvement for out-of-autoclave prepreg curing supported by in-situ strain monitoring." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 9 (October 13, 2016): 1225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316672001.
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Vacuum-bag-only curing is an attractive out-of-autoclave method as an alternative to conventional autoclave curing. Previous extensive researches provided great insight into void formation during the vacuum-bag-only method and these findings are reflected in current vacuum-bag-only cure cycles to minimize void content. Cure process can be further improved by taking into consideration cure-induced residual stress/strain. The present paper proposed a residual stress/strain reduction method and evaluated its effectiveness using a commercially available vacuum-bag-only material by fiber-optic-based in-situ strain monitoring and tensile tests. First, cure process monitoring and tensile tests were conducted for the manufacturer’s recommended cure cycle. Cure process monitoring showed that the material vitrifies during post-cure temperature dwell. Furthermore, the tensile test revealed that the vacuum-bag-only material has lower strength than conventional autoclave materials, suggesting the importance of the effect of cure-induced residual stress/strain. Then, two cure cycles were proposed based on the findings from the manufacturer’s recommended cure cycle tests and a cure kinetics model. In the proposed cycles, resin vitrifies at a lower temperature than the manufacturer’s recommended cure cycle, leading to reduced residual stress/strain. Cure process monitoring and tensile test results for the new cycles showed that the residual strain was reduced by 12–18%, and the strength was increased by 26% in the best case. Moreover, void content was not significantly affected by changing the cure cycle. Although vacuum-bag-only material was used in this research, the proposed concept can be widely applied for autoclave cures and other types of vacuum-bag-only processes with slight modification.
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Heim, Ashley B., and Emily A. Holt. "Benefits and Challenges of Instructing Introductory Biology Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs) as Perceived by Graduate Teaching Assistants." CBE—Life Sciences Education 18, no. 3 (September 2019): ar43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.18-09-0193.
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Graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) are often the primary instructors for undergraduate biology laboratories and serve as research mentors in course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs). While several studies have explored undergraduate perceptions of CUREs, no previous study has qualitatively described GTAs’ perceptions about teaching CUREs, despite the essential instructional role GTAs play. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe and ascribe meaning to the perceptions that GTAs have regarding benefits and challenges with instructional experiences in introductory biology CUREs. We conducted semistructured interviews with 11 GTAs instructing an introductory biology CURE at a 4-year public university. We found that, while GTAs perceived professional benefits such as experience in research mentoring and postsecondary teaching, they also described challenges, including the time required to instruct a CURE, motivating students to take ownership, and a lack of expertise in mentoring undergraduates about a copepod-based CURE. Feelings of inadequacy in serving as a research mentor and high levels of critical thinking were also cited as perceived issues. We recommend that the greater responsibility and increased time commitment perceived by GTAs in the current study warrants reconsideration by lab coordinators and administrators as to what content and practices should be included in pedagogical training specifically designed for CURE GTAs and how departmental and institutional policies may need to be adapted to better implement CUREs.
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Musta, Eni, Nan van Geloven, Jakob Anninga, Hans Gelderblom, and Marta Fiocco. "Short-term and long-term prognostic value of histological response and intensified chemotherapy in osteosarcoma: a retrospective reanalysis of the BO06 trial." BMJ Open 12, no. 5 (May 2022): e052941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052941.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives Cure rate models accounting for cured and uncured patients, provide additional insights into long and short-term survival. We aim to evaluate the prognostic value of histological response and chemotherapy intensification on the cure fraction and progression-free survival (PFS) for the uncured patients. Design Retrospective analysis of a randomised controlled trial, MRC BO06 (EORTC 80931). Setting Population-based study but proposed methodology can be applied to other trial designs. Participants A total of 497 patients with resectable highgrade osteosarcoma, of which 118 were excluded because chemotherapy was not started, histological response was not reported, abnormal dose was reported or had disease progression during treatment. Intervention(s) Two regimens with the same anticipated cumulative dose (doxorubicin 6×75 mg/m2/week; cisplatin 6×100 mg/m2/week) over different time schedules: every 3 weeks in regimen-C and every 2 weeks in regimen-DI. Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome is PFS computed from end of treatment because cure, if it occurs, may happen at any time during treatment. A mixture cure model is used to study the effect of histological response and intensified chemotherapy on the cure status and PFS for the uncured patients. Results Histological response is a strong prognostic factor for the cure status (OR 3.00, 95% CI 1.75 to 5.17), but it has no clear effect on PFS for the uncured patients (HR 0.78, –95% CI 0.53 to 1.16). The cure fractions are 55% (46%–63%) and 29% (22%–35%), respectively, among patients with good and poor histological response (GR, PR). The intensified regimen was associated with a higher cure fraction among PR (OR 1.90, 95% CI 0.93 to 3.89), with no evidence of effect for GR (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.38 to 1.59). Conclusions Accounting for cured patients is valuable in distinguishing the covariate effects on cure and PFS. Estimating cure chances based on these prognostic factors is relevant for counselling patients and can have an impact on treatment decisions. Trial registration number NCT86294690.