Academic literature on the topic 'Cunningham (Firm)'

SUMMARY This article summarizes “Small Audit Firm Membership in Associations, Networks, and Alliances: Implications for Audit Quality and Audit Fees” (Bills, Cunningham, Myers 2015), which examines the association between small audit firm membership in an association, network, or alliance (collectively referred to as an “association”), audit quality, and audit fees. We find that small audit firm association members provide higher-quality audits and charge higher fees than small audit firms that are not members of an association. When compared to similarly sized clients audited by the Big 4, we find that member firms provide audit quality similar to the Big 4 firms, but member firms charge lower fees than their Big 4 counterparts. We caution that these results may not be generalizable to the largest Big 4 clients for which there is not a similarly sized client audited by our sample of small audit firms. We infer audit quality from Public Company Accounting Oversight Board inspections, restatement announcements, and discretionary accruals. Our findings should be of interest to audit committees in charge of auditor selection and to small audit firms interested in the benefits of association membership.

Many entrepreneurial firms risk falling into a cash flow “Valley of Death”‐the stage of a young firmʼs life when seed funding is running dry but the firm has yet to secure sufficient additional funding to carry it through to product commercialization.This is particularly true in the nascent cleantech sector, where investments are often complex and capital intensive. Drawing on an in-depth interview with seasoned entrepreneur Brian Cunningham, CEO of the Wave Energy Conversion Corporation of America, this article explores the role of persistence in entrepreneurship, distinguishing between “calculated” and “blind” persistence.

DR. SCOTT HOLMES IS PROFESSOR OF Accounting at the University of Arizona, Tucson, United States, and was previously at the University of Queensland, Australia. Cary Kelly is a lecturer in the department adn Ross Cunningham a senior lecturer in the Departmet of Statistic at the Australian National University. Prior research has identified various stages in the lfie of a small enterprise. These states are commonly combined to produce a business life cycle. This paper proposed that small enterprise consists of a serios f interrelated cycles and as such, the presentation of an overall life cycle provides and over-simplified view of the firm. the concept of the information sub-cycle is introduced, which in itself can take many forms. Logistics regression modelling techniques incorporating those variables which appera to be significant in infulecing the level of accounting information prepared or acquired are applied to the development of an information cycle. The result obtained indicate that the acquistion and /or preparation of a relatively detailed level of accounting information is dependent on firm age, size, industry membership and level of owner-manger education. the pattern which emerges from these results supports the revision of traditional life cycle concepts. in particular, the need to segment the firm into severl sun-cycle is recommended.

Twenty years after he came to prominence via a series of provocative, ground-breaking music videos, Chris Cunningham remains a troubling, elusive figure within British visual culture. His output – which includes short films, advertisements, art gallery commissions, installations, music production and a touring multi-screen live performance – is relatively slim, and his seemingly slow work rate (and tendency to leave projects uncompleted or unreleased) has been a frustration for fans and commentators, particularly those who hoped he would channel his interests and talents into a full-length ‘feature’ film project. There has been a diverse critical response to his musical sensitivity, his associations with UK electronica culture – and the Warp label in particular – his working relationship with Aphex Twin, his importance within the history of the pop video and his deployment of transgressive, suggestive imagery involving mutated, traumatised or robotic bodies. However, this article makes a claim for placing Cunningham within discourses of British art cinema. It proposes that the many contradictions that define and animate Cunningham's work – narrative versus abstraction, political engagement versus surrealism, sincerity versus provocation, commerce versus experimentation, art versus craft, a ‘British’ sensibility versus a transnational one – are also those that typify a particular terrain of British film culture that falls awkwardly between populism and experimentalism.

Using Cunninghamia lanceolata as a substrate, the thermochromic ink was added to the waterborne finish to test the optical properties and mechanical properties of the finish film. The results showed that the discoloration performance of the finish film with 15.0% and 30.0% of the thermochromic ink was better. The gloss of the finish film changes irregularly when the concentration increases. The finish film with a thermochromic ink concentration of 10.0% has the highest gloss, and with a concentration of 30.0% has the lowest gloss. When the thermochromic ink concentration exceeds 15.0%, the impact resistance of the finish film is slightly enhanced. The concentration is not related to the liquid resistance of the finish film. When the thermochromic ink concentration was 0–15.0%, the particle distribution uniform reunion was not much. The discoloration mechanism of discolored finish film can be considered to be as follows. After adding thermochromic ink, when the finish film temperature rises, it fades from red to colorless. When the temperature is lowered, the thermochromic ink changes to its original colour again, and the thermochromic effect is stable and sustainable. On the basis of the above results, when the thermochromic ink concentration is 15.0%, the general performance of the waterborne finish film on the Cunninghamia lanceolata surface is the best. This study provides new prospects in using thermochromic ink for waterborne finish film.

We examined the abundance of arboreal marsupials in topographic fire refuges after a major fire in a stand-replacing crown-fire forest ecosystem. We surveyed the abundance of arboreal marsupials across 48 sites in rainforest gullies burnt to differing extents by the 2009 fires in the mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans) forests of the Victorian Central Highlands, Australia. The greater glider (Petauroides volans) was less abundant within the extent of the 2009 fire. The mountain brushtail possum (Trichosurus cunninghami) was more abundant within the extent of the 2009 fire, particularly within unburnt peninsulas protruding into burnt areas from unburnt edges. Our results indicate that fire refuges may facilitate the persistence of some species within extensively burnt landscapes. Additional work should seek to clarify this finding and identify the demographic mechanisms underlying this response.

Mestrado em Línguas, Literaturas e Culturas - Estudos Ingleses
This dissertation aims to analyse two narratives: Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway (1924) and Michael Cunningham’s The Hours (1998), along with the film adaptations that resulted from the novels. This study will outline the shift of women’s roles throughout the 20th century and also the development of a liberal sexual identity.
A presente dissertação propõe analisar duas narrativas: Mrs Dalloway de Virginia Woolf (1924) e The Hours (1998) de Michael Cunningham, juntamente com as adaptações cinematográficas de ambos os livros. Este estudo irá incidir na progressão do papel da mulher ao longo do século XX e na compreensão do desenvolvimento da liberdade sexual.

Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. (Chinese fir) is an evergreen conifer occurring naturally in the sub-tropical region of central - southern China. C. lanceolata is considered one of the most important trees in China, in terms of areas of planting, timber production and timber usage; it has been cultivated as a timber species for over 1000 years and as such its silviculture is well developed. The species has not been planted (commercially) much outside China and Taiwan. The aim of this thesis was to provide, by way of physiological and genetic experiments (of seedlings) on a variety of provenances, information on the prospects for growing C. lanceolata as a commercial forest tree species in New Zealand. Additional factors such as growth pattern and habit, wood properties, palatability to opossums, and climate modelling were also examined. Provenance differences, while reported in the literature, were not so apparent in this study. Isozyme analysis of seed from eight of the eleven seedlots used in this study showed low levels of variability both as a species and between provenances, while a nursery trial did not produce any significant differences in terms of second year height growth or bud burst. However, length of growing season as evidenced by date of bud set did show some variation; with bud set being strongly correlated with latitude, mean annual temperature, mean temperature of the coldest month, and temperature sum. Similarly in the requirement of winter chilling in order to promote bud burst a north-south trend was apparent, as with the nursery trial, with northern provenances bursting fewer buds when little or no chilling was received. For the purposes of this study, however, the only observed difference which is important is the degree of bud set at the end of the growing season, with the closely correlated degree of frost damage. Northern provenances which set bud earlier are therefore better suited to New Zealand conditions. Growth of C. lanceolata responded greatly to temperature: Significant differences were seen between low and high day temperatures, with greatest growth at 28 °c. This is closely related to temperatures during its growth period in China; there, rapid growth occurs between June and September when mean monthly temperatures range from about 22 to 30 °C. There are few sites in New Zealand which have mean monthly temperatures this high over summer. Winter frost resistance was found to be adequate for most New Zealand sites and compares favourably with New Zealand podocarps and P. radiata. Hardiness values were -15.5 to -15.9 °C. Conversely however, C. lanceolata was very susceptible to out of season frosts; a heavy frost of -5 °C resulted in 100 % mortality. Lighter frosts in autumn (ca. -0.5 to -3.5 °C) killed growing tips of seedlings that had not set bud. In choosing sites for the species, out of season frosts are likely to be a major limiting factor. Water requirements were high; new leaf growth was almost 50 % higher for unstressed seedlings (100 % field capacity) than for stressed seedlings (30 and 15 % field capacity). Mortality was also greater at the lowest water level although tolerance to low levels can be developed in well established seedlings at the expense of growth. Recovery of stressed seedlings was apparent after two weeks of rewatering to field capacity; however rates of photosynthesis were still significantly lower than those of unstressed seedlings and conversely stomatal resistance was greater. This suggests that long term (morphological) change had occurred in stressed seedlings. The nutrient experiment showed that nutrient deficiencies and poor growth occurred in seedlings grown at low nutrient levels. Greatest growth was found at high levels compared with other tree species, and tissue analysis also revealed comparatively high levels of foliar concentrations. There was evidence of mycorrhizal colonization resulting in greater seedling growth compared to seedlings that were non-mycorrhizal. However the response was less significant than overall nutrient status and was only apparent at high nutrient levels. Thus the species has a requirement for fertile soils and application of fertilisers. Temperature affected photosynthesis more than did light intensity. At 20 °C light saturation was approached at approximately one third of full sunlight (640 µE) while at 28 °C the response curve was still increasing. Light compensation point was low (20 µE) compared to P. radiata (39 µE). Seedling appearance was also greener when grown under 30 % shade cloth as opposed to full sunlight where seedlings appeared yellowed. This and studies on mixed stands and C. lanceolata's ecology suggest that the species prefers weak sunlight or low light intensities. Other experiments examined the growth pattern and habit of C. lanceolata. The species has a definite seasonal pattern of shoot growth; following bud burst in early September growth was typically sigmoid, slowing down and ceasing around April when buds were set. Small sized resting buds were formed over winter; no height growth occurred from May through to August (winter) until early September when buds began to swell and burst again. The growing season in New Zealand was approximately 8 months, the small size of the bud suggested that predetermined growth was only a minor part of the total season's growth and free growth must therefore follow. Estimation of seasonal shoot growth in mature (25 year old) trees indicated that less than half of a season's shoot growth was predetermined. Free growth allows C. lanceolata to maximise potential growing conditions while the predetermined component acts as a buffer against unfavourable years. Seedlings grown under an 8 hour daylength did not show any difference in growth to those under natural summer daylengths, and there was no sign of bud formation: However seedlings under high day (22 and 24 °C) and low night (9 and 7 °C) temperatures, and long (16 hour) photoperiod showed signs of dormancy after one month. Most seedlings had formed terminal resting buds and had adopted a brown winter colouration. Low night temperatures of 9 °C or less were therefore primarily responsible for bud set. C. lanceolata did not exhibit true dormancy in the sense that chilling was required before growth could resume under favourable conditions. However chilling did significantly hasten bud burst. Provenance differences were noticed when no chilling or very light chilling was applied; however after long periods of chilling all provenances burst bud more or less immediately. This suggests that under natural New Zealand conditions rapid bud burst would occur in all provenances. In addition to defining the species' requirements for (successful) growth, the presence of one 58-year-old stand in New Plymouth and two 25-year-old plots in Rotorua enabled a preliminary study on wood properties to be made. Basic densities were lower than much of the native grown (Chinese) C. lanceolata and considerably lower than the range for P. radiata in New Zealand. The low basic density resulted in lower strength values for mechanical properties (bending, compression, shear tests). Drying rates were very similar to P. radiata and air drying or drying under a conventional (high temperature) P. radiata kiln schedule produce very little degrade. The low strength and basic density of the timber makes C. lanceolata less suitable for structural uses compared with P. radiata, and more suited to end uses where strength is not important. Browse damage from opossums was also examined. Pen trials showed that there was a marked preference for P. radiata over C. lanceolata seedlings in the short term. However once P. radiata seedlings were eaten, C. lanceolata seedlings were then completely stripped over two nights. This suggests that damage at establishment may not initially be a problem, but that once opossums are familiar with C. lanceolata as a food source, damage may well increase. Global modelling using the WORLD program developed by Dr Trevor Booth showed a variety of countries as suitable for C. lanceolata, including those where the species has been planted and trialed. New Zealand sites were considered suitable when both uniform and winter rainfall distributions were included as parameters. A more detailed model for New Zealand developed by Dr Neil Mitchell was next used to identify specific areas. Results showed that C. lanceolata was climatically suited to a restricted range of sites, almost exclusively in the North Island. The experimental findings suggest that while New Zealand conditions may not be optimal for growth, the species nevertheless has (limited) prospects for establishment in New Zealand. Provenance differences in growth were not found at the early seedling stage of growth; however selection of provenances in terms of short growing season may be advantageous in reducing early autumn frost damage. The factors most likely to limit growth potential in New Zealand are: 1) Lower temperatures in the growing season. 2) Out of season frosts. 3) Water deficits, especially during summer. 4) Low fertility sites or lack of fertilising. 5) Possible browse damage by opossums. The climate model results agree with the findings from this study's experiments and furthermore, indicate specific locations. Again, however, the identified sites must also be assessed for the limiting factors given above (with the exception of low temperatures during the growing season) and this may further reduce potential sites.

My dissertation critiques Western culture’s vertical command of “growing up” to adult completion (rational, heterosexual, married, wealthy, professionally successful) as a reductionist itinerary of human movement leading to subjective sedimentations. Rather, my project proposes ways of “moving rhizomatically” by which it advances a notion of a machinic identity that moves continuously, contingently, and waywardly along less vertical, less excruciating and more horizontal, life-affirmative trails. To this end, my thesis proposes a “rhizomatic semiosis” as extrapolated from the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari to put forward a notion of language and, by implication, subjectivity, as dynamic and metamorphic. Rather than trying to figure out who the child is or what it experiences consciously, my project wishes to embrace an elusiveness at the heart of subjectivity to argue for continued identity creation beyond the apparently confining parameters of adulthood. This dissertation, then, is about the need to re-examine our ways of growing beyond the lines of teleological progression. By turning to Deleuze’s child, an intangible one that “makes desperate attempts to carry out a performance that the psychoanalyst totally misconstrues” (A Thousand Plateaus 13), I wish to shift focus away from the hierarchical, binary, and ideal model of “growing up” and toward a notion of movement that makes way for plural identities in their becoming. This endeavour reveals itself in particular in the work of John Wray, Todd Field, Peter Cameron, Sara Prichard, Michael Cunningham, and Cormac McCarthy, whose work has received little or no attention at all—a lacuna in research that exists perhaps due to these artists’ innovative approach to a minor literature that promotes the notion of a machinic self and questions the dominant modes of Western culture’s literature for, around, and of children.

碩士
國立中興大學
森林學系
86
The purpose of this study intended to investigate the effect of the extractives of heartwood extracted from China-fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook) and Japanese-fir (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) on the activities of house-dust mite (Dermatophagoidiniae farinae (Hughes)) which is one of the most important allergen in Taiwan. Furthermore, it was also tempting to find out the anti-mite components inside the extractives, of which might apply to improve the health of human being and living environments. Anti-mite, proliferation and repellence tests were carried out from six wood species (China-fir, Japanese-fir, hemlock, lauan, maple and red oak) which are most common use in interior decoration. The results showed that China-fir and Japanese-fir gave superior anti-mite activities. The effective fraction of extractives was analyzed by GC/MS. Cedrol , one of oxygenated sesquiterpene, was identified to be the main miticidal component. The anti-mite activity of China-fir was better than Japanese-fir. which was due to the former one containing higher essential oil, 2.19% ( based on dry wood ) and cedrol. But in proliferation, Japanese-fir was better than China-fir. Japanese-fir extract showed repellent activity as well.

碩士
國立中興大學
國際農學研究所
100
Two groups of progeny trials China-fir populations are used for study age-age phenotypic correlation in this thesis. Both of them are single tree family from a same clonal seed orchard which composed of 25 clones established in 1972 in the central mountain area of Taiwan. The elder progeny test population, A, is composed of 232 trees from 18 maternal families which grown in wild field; the juvenile population, B, is composed of 15,000 seedlings from all the 25 families, grown in nursery garden, this study use only 1,500 seedlings for analysis. The A population are measured in 2, 6, and 25 years for height, diameter breast height and volume as well as annual height growth between age intervals, 27 years wood density is also involved; for B population, the acquired traits are root diameter, root length, fresh and dry biomass, height and ratio of shoot-root biomass as well as sturdiness quotient and Dickson quality index from 5, 7, 9, 13 months seedlings. Results show that both population in field and greenhouse have very high individual heritability for most of the traits (h2=0.35~0.62 and 0.25~1 respectively), and among all the family appear significant variance. Core finding on the correlation demonstrate that self-correlation within population A has strong trait-trait correlation (r=0.61~0.97, P<.0001) in 25 years, and age-age correlation within A exist higher relationship between shorter age intervals (2 & 6 years: r= 0.5, P<.0001; 6 & 25 years: r=0.4, P<.0001). The age-age correlations between two populations reveal that most of the traits in seedling age 5, 7, 9 months have correlations with height and volume in 25 years group (│r│= 0.4~0.7), which indicate that China-fir juvenile traits can serve as indicators for the early selection in a very early growing period.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
昆蟲學研究所
94
The Chinese-fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) belongs to the needle plant with economical significance for the usage of construction lumber. The scolytids (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), that are key pests in the forest and some are also quarantine pests, are likely to cause the dying of Chinese-fir in central Taiwan, 2002. The scolytids are attracted by volatile chemicals released from trees or woods, therefore in this study two lures, α-pinene and ethanol, were used with 12-units of Lindgren multiple funnel traps to investigate the species of scolytids in Chinese-fir plantation. From June 2004 to May 2005 in Nei-Mou-Pu Tract of NTU Experimental Forest, 3, 3, 7 and 12 traps were set in the no. 64-7, 65-7, 69-5 and 70-3 lots, respectively. During the investigation period, the beetles in the 25 traps were collected every other week and the lures were replaced every 60 days. The result showed that 40,366 scolytid individuls belonging to 73 species (including 9 species with only one specimen in the investigation period), 30 genera, and 9 tribes were collected and the number was 53.7% of that of total beetles (75,153 beetles belonging to 59 familes were collected). These 73 scolytid species included 2 endemic species, 18 recorded species, 5 near species, 27 new recorded species and 21 possible-new species (8 species had one specimen only) in Taiwan. The numbers of Hypothenemus eruditus Westwood, Phloeosinus pertuberculatus Eggers, Scolytoplatypus pubescens Hagedorn, Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, and Xylosandrus mancus (Blandford) were 37%, 24.4%, 7.8%, 7.6%, and 6.4%, respectively, and they were the top five species of attracted scolytids in the collection. Three1.5-meter-length dead woods were collected in each lot, and each wood was cut into 3 lumbers to breed the insects which were collected in these woods. This experiment was repeated three times and it was for the comparison of the beetles in the traps. Finally 6 families of beetles were collected. Phloeosinus pertuberculatus Eggers was the third rich species in the traps; however, it was the most abundant one (accounted for 42.6% of beetles) in the woods. The microclimate changes little in pine forest, but heavy rain or typhoon influences the release rate of lures and the flight ability of scolytids. Therefore, after a typhoon hit Taiwan the numbers of scolytid species and their populations were the least in the investigation. The correlation between the numbers of total scolytids and their natural enemies that belong to 12 families and between the numbers of 5 dominant scolytids and these natural enemies were studied. In the collection, the numbers of Staphylinidae and Nitidulidae were the most abundant ones of these natural enemies. In these four areas the correlation between Staphylinidae and total scolytids is the most significant one (r = 0.73). Among 5 dominant scolytids, the correlations between H. eruditus and Nitidulidae is the most significant one (r = 0.87) and between X. affinis and Cleridae (r = 0.88) are the most two significant ones. In the pure pine forest the species richness of beetles and scolytids are 5.04 and 5.1, respectively, and the Simpson’s indices are 0.62 and 0.72, respectively. These data might be the good reference for the study on ecological conservation.

碩士
國立中興大學
森林學系
93
China fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata var. konishii) was often attacked by leaf blight, a common disease which attacks then species form seedlings in nursery to saplings in the plantation. Plantations at ages 7~8 are particularly susceptible. The causal agent of disease was isolated and identified as Pestalotiopsis shiraiana P. Henning, an imperfect fungus. The seeds were collected in Dong-Shi China fir seed orchard. 5, 7, 9, 13-month -old greenhouse-grown seedlings of 25 open-pollinated China fir families were measured growth traits and artificially inoculated with leaf blight fungus. After inculcated 1 month, we investigate the disease spots. For growth traits: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that most of time environment of greenhouse has no significant difference (P>0.05) and families and G×E interaction are significant difference (P<0.001) in four growth stages. The estimates of narrow-sense heritability were high for growth traits which implies large between families variation. Thus early selection was feasible, but some of heritability are unreasonable exceed 1.0. For disease-resistance traits: three symptom traits (classification of spots area, spotted or not, and susceptibility degree) has been recorded. The result of classifications of spot area showed none significant different between families. Other two traits showed significant results (P<0.001, P<0.001). In this research, we defined two kinds of classifications by sum of spots in each seedling to calculated susceptibility degree. The result showed that different classification has no strong effect to susceptibility degree. The estimates of individual narrow-sense heritability in 7, 9, 13-month-old seedlings were 0.221 (±0.029), 0.400 (±0.047), 0.926 (±0.073), respectively. The phenotype correlations between growth traits and disease-resistance traits showed different results between two blocks. The correlation between height and susceptibility degree was negative trend in first stage and positive trend in other three stages. The correlation between root diameter and susceptibility degree was positive trend in primary stages and negative trend in later stages. In this research, we also use logistic regression to analyze the binary data of disease to predict the infection probability with different combinations of families at four growth stages. In general, results demonstrated that different kinds of resistance/susceptible classification would effort the decision of selection. In addition, China fir seedlings have high heritability of resistance and growth and that is favorable to proceed the early selection, and the infection probability can be predicted by logistic regression.

This chapter explores how the acting in Game of Thrones (HBO, 2011–present) both confirms and problematizes some common assumptions about British acting, and thus by extension notions of difference between British and American acting. The chapter anchors its analysis in the work by Conleth Hill (who plays Varys) and Liam Cunningham (Davos Seaworth). It considers the ways in which their performances challenge binary distinctions commonly found in discourses on British and American acting (e.g., technical strength versus organic “shooting from the hip,” suitability for stage-versus suitability for screen-based work). By highlighting the complexity and nuance in Hill’s and Cunningham’s acting, the chapter makes an intervention into discourses about British acting that is especially timely given the considerable success of British and Irish actors in contemporary US film and television. In doing so, it makes a valuable contribution to scholarship on performance and transatlantic television.

How Italian is the American slasher film? How American is the Italian giallo film? I begin with these questions not because they have never been asked, but because the answers that are usually offered have not encouraged us to take the relationship between these two important horror film sub-genres as seriously as we should. By examining a seminal Italian giallo, Mario Bava’s Ecologia del delitto/The Ecology of Murder (1971, also known as Antefatto, Reazione a catena, A Bay of Blood, Carnage, Last House – Part II and Twitch of the Death Nerve) alongside a phenomenally popular American slasher film that bears an uncanny resemblance to it, Sean S. Cunningham’s Friday the 13th (1980), I will argue that we have more to learn about these well-known sub-genres than we might have imagined. More specifically, the centrality of natural landscape to both films suggests that the giallo and the slasher film can cross-pollinate to enable what I will call a ‘subtractive spectatorship’ that challenges some of our conventional assumptions about what watching graphic horror is all about.

This chapter discusses how two main objectives remained for General Wavell's commanders, following the Italians' defeat at the Red Sea. From the south, General Cunningham's rapid march had left him poised outside Addis Ababa and its capture would complete the main part of the plan that had been given to him, leaving only the hinterland beyond to be brought under control. As for General Platt, he was now looking to link up with his counterpart, which would complete the devastating pincer movement and destroy any remaining enemy forces in the process. The final military action of the campaign fought in East Africa began on November 27 as artillery opened fire on the main Dalflecha Ridge which, along with the plateau at Maldiba, was the principal target of the attack.

Supersonic/hypersonic impactors are used as a collector and/or size separator of nano- and micro-particles. Thin film and fine line pattern deposition by aerosol jets are other applications of deposition of supersonic/hypersonic impactors. At extremely low backpressures, the exiting flow from a nozzle forms a supersonic free jet. The supersonic jet forms a strong normal shock in the front of the impactor plate. The stagnation pressure, backpressure and distance between the nozzle exit and the impactor plate affect the flow field. Due to the rather complicated flow in the impactor, studies of particle motions in supersonic impactors are rather scarce. In this study the airflow and particle transport and deposition in a supersonic/hypersonic impactor are numerically simulated. The axisymmetric compressible Navier-Stokes equation is solved and the flow properties are evaluated. It is assumed that the particle concentration is dilute, to the extent that the presence of particles does not alter the flow field. Deposition of different size particles under different operating conditions is studied. The importance of drag, lift and Brownian forces on particle motions in supersonic impactors is discussed. Sensitivity of the simulation results to the use of different expressions for the drag force is also examined. A strong bow shock on the flowfield has much effect in drag forces on particles. It is shown that the Stokes-Cunningham drag with variable correction coefficient is most suitable for computer simulation studies of nano-particles in supersonic/hypersonic impactors. The computer simulation results are shown to compare favorably with the experimental data.