Academic literature on the topic 'Cumulative structure function'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cumulative structure function"
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Tolentino, Dante, and Sonia E. Ruiz. "Time-Dependent Confidence Factor for Structures with Cumulative Damage." Earthquake Spectra 31, no. 1 (February 2015): 441–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/010912eqs008m.
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An approach is proposed to evaluate the confidence factor implicit in structures over an interval of time, considering that the structural capacity and structural demand vary simultaneously over time. A new closed-form mathematical expression of the confidence factor over a time interval is used, assuming that the structural capacity degradation is represented by a second degree polynomial function in the total interval. This formulation is made in accordance with the demand and capacity factor design format. Confidence factors at the ends of different time intervals are evaluated for an old ten-story building. The confidence factors and their confidence levels, calculated under the assumption that the structural capacity degradation follows a linear function, and alternatively, a polynomial function, are compared. The maximum difference between confidence factors assuming both types of functions is 5% after 100 years of structure construction, which represents a small difference for the engineering practice.
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Cox, Angela M., Yong Gao, Anne-Karina T. Perl, Robert S. Tepper, and Shawn K. Ahlfeld. "Cumulative effects of neonatal hyperoxia on murine alveolar structure and function." Pediatric Pulmonology 52, no. 5 (February 10, 2017): 616–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppul.23654.
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Iyit, Neslihan. "Modelling world energy security data from multinomial distribution by generalized linear model under different cumulative link functions." Open Chemistry 16, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2018-0053.
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AbstractEnergy securityis one of the major components of energy sustainability in the world’s energy performance. In this study,energy securityis taken as an ordinal response variable coming from the multinomial distribution with the energy grade levelsA,B,C, andD. Thereafter, the worldenergy securitydata is tried to be statistically modelled by usinggeneralized linear model (GLM)approach for the ordinal response variable under different cumulative link functions. The cumulative link functions comparatively used in this study are cumulative logit, cumulative probit, cumulative complementary log-log, cumulative Cauchit, and cumulative negative log-log. In order to avoid a multicollinearity problem in the data structure, principal component analysis (PCA) technique is integrated with theGLMapproach for the ordinal response variable. In this study, statistically, the importance of determining the best cumulative link function on the accuracy of parameter estimates, confidence intervals, and hypothesis tests in theGLMfor the multinomially distributed response variable is highlighted. In terms of energy evaluation, by usingcumulative logitas the best cumulative link function,energy sources consumptions,electricity productions from nuclear energy,natural gas,oil,coal,and hydroelectric,energy use per capita and energy importsare found to have statistically significant effects onenergy securityin the world’s energy performance.
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Terek, Milan. "Regional Incomes Structure Analysis in Slovak Republic On the Basis of EU-SILC Data." Scientific Annals of Economics and Business 64, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/saeb-2017-0011.
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Abstract The paper deals with the regional incomes structure analysis in Slovak republic on the basis of European Union statistics on income and living conditions in Slovak republic data. The empirical probability mass function and empirical cumulative distribution function is constructed with aid of given sampling weights. On the basis of these functions the median, medial, standard deviation and population histogram of the whole gross household incomes for the whole Slovak republic and separately for eight Slovak regions are estimated and compared.
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Ndlovu, Bonginkosi D., Sileshi F. Melesse, Temesgen Zewotir, and Temesgen Zewotir. "A mixture model with application to discrete competing risks data." South African Statistical Journal 53, no. 2 (2019): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37920/sasj.2019.53.2.2.
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In this paper, we modify the continuous time mixture competing risks model (Larson and Dinse, 1985) to handle discrete competing risks data. The main result of the model is an alternate regression expression for the cumulative incidence function. The structure of the regression expression for the cumulative incidence function under this model, and the proportional hazards assumption for the conditional hazard rates with piece-wise constant baseline conditional hazards, combine to allow for another means to assess the covariate effects on the cumulative incidence function. This benefit comes at some computational costs because the parameters are estimated via an EM algorithm. The proposed model is applied to real data and it is found that it improves the exercise of evaluating the covariate effects on the cumulative incidence function compared to other discrete competing risks models.
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Teramoto, Kanako, Wilson Nadruz Junior, Kunihiro Matsushita, Brian Claggett, Jenine E. John, Hicham Skali, Scott Solomon, Susan Cheng, and Amil M. Shah. "Mid- to Late-Life Time-Averaged Cumulative Blood Pressure and Late-Life Cardiac Structure, Function, and Heart Failure." Hypertension 76, no. 3 (September 2020): 808–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.14833.
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Limited data exist regarding systolic blood pressure (SBP) through mid- to late-life and late-life cardiac function and heart failure (HF) risk. Among 4578 HF-free participants in the ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) attending the fifth visit (2011–2013; age 75±5 years), time-averaged cumulative SBP was calculated as the sum of averaged SBPs from adjacent consecutive visits (visits 1–5) indexed to total observation time (24±1 years). Calculations were performed using measured SBPs and also incorporating antihypertensive medication specific effect constants (underlying SBP). Outcomes included comprehensive echocardiography at visit 5 and post-visit 5 incident HF, HF with preserved ejection fraction, and reduced ejection fraction. Higher cumulative SBP was associated with greater left ventricular mass and worse diastolic measures (all P <0.001), associations that were stronger with underlying compared with cumulative SBP (all P <0.05). At 5.6±1.2 years follow-up post-visit 5, higher cumulative measured and underlying SBP were associated with incident HF (hazard ratio per 10 mm Hg for measured: 1.12 [1.01–1.24]; underlying: 1.19 [95% CI, 1.10–1.30]) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (measured: 1.15 [1.00–1.33]; underlying: 1.28 [1.14–1.45]), but not HF with reduced ejection fraction (measured: 1.11 [0.94–1.32]; underlying: 1.11 [0.96–1.24]). Associations with HF and HF with preserved ejection fraction were more robust with cumulative underlying compared with measured SBP (all P <0.05). Time-averaged cumulative SBP in mid to late life is associated with worse cardiac function and risk of incident HF, especially HF with preserved ejection fraction, in late life. These associations were stronger considering underlying as opposed to measured SBP, highlighting the importance of prevention and effective treatment of hypertension to prevent late-life cardiac dysfunction and HF.
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Jenkins, Lisanne M., Chaney R. Garner, Shawn Kurian, James P. Higgins, Todd B. Parrish, Sanaz Sedaghat, Alexander J. Nemeth, et al. "Cumulative Blood Pressure Exposure, Basal Ganglia, and Thalamic Morphology in Midlife." Hypertension 75, no. 5 (May 2020): 1289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.14678.
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High blood pressure (BP) negatively affects brain structure and function. Hypertension is associated with white matter hyperintensities, cognitive and mobility impairment in late-life. However, the impact of BP exposure from young adulthood on brain structure and function in mid-life is unclear. Identifying early brain structural changes associated with BP exposure, before clinical onset of cognitive dysfunction and mobility impairment, is essential for understanding mechanisms and developing interventions. We examined the effect of cumulative BP exposure from young adulthood on brain structure in a substudy of 144 (61 female) individuals from the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study. At year 30 (Y 30 , ninth visit), participants (56±4 years old) completed brain magnetic resonance imaging and gait measures (pace, rhythm, and postural control). Cumulative systolic and diastolic BP (cumulative systolic blood pressure, cDBP) over 9 visits were calculated, multiplying mean values between 2 consecutive visits by years between visits. Surface-based analysis of basal ganglia and thalamus was achieved using FreeSurfer-initiated Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping. Morphometric changes were regressed onto cumulative BP to localize regions of shape variation. Y 30 white matter hyperintensity volumes were small and positively correlated with cumulative BP but not gait. Negative morphometric associations with cumulative systolic blood pressure were seen in the caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, pallidum, and thalamus. A concave right medial putamen shape mediated the relationship between cumulative systolic blood pressure and stride width. Basal ganglia and thalamic morphometric changes, rather than volumes, may be earlier manifestation of gray matter structural signatures of BP exposure that impact midlife gait.
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Aslam, Muhammad, Muhammad Riaz, Tabassum Naz Sindhu, and Zaheer Ahmed. "A Study of Cumulative Quantity Control Chart for a Mixture of Rayleigh Model under a Bayesian Framework." Revista Colombiana de Estadística 39, no. 2 (July 18, 2016): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rce.v39n2.58915.
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<p>This study deals with the cumulative charting technique based on a simple and a mixture of Rayleigh models. The respective charting schemes are referred as the SRCQC-chart and the MRCQC-chart. These are stimulated from existing statistical control charts in this direction i.e. the cumulative quantity control (CQC) chart, based on exponential and Weibull models, and the cumulative count control (CCC) chart, based on the simple geometricmodel. Another motivation for this study is the mixture cumulative count control (MCCC) chart based on the two component geometric model. The use of mixture cumulative quantity is an attractive approach for process monitoring. The design structure of the proposed control chart is derived by using the cumulative distribution function of simple, and two components of mixture distribution(s). We observed that the proposed charting structure is efficient in detecting the changes in process parameters. The application of the proposed scheme is illustrated using a real dataset.</p>
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Nie, Cong, Xiaoming Liu, and Serge B. Provost. "An Objective Measure of Distributional Estimability as Applied to the Phase-Type Aging Model." Risks 12, no. 2 (February 13, 2024): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks12020037.
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The phase-type aging model (PTAM) is a class of Coxian-type Markovian models that can provide a quantitative description of the effects of various aging characteristics. Owing to the unique structure of the PTAM, parametric inference on the model is affected by a significant estimability issue, its profile likelihood functions being flat. While existing methods for assessing distributional non-estimability require the subjective specification of thresholds, this paper objectively quantifies estimability in the context of general statistical models. More specifically, this is achieved via a carefully designed cumulative distribution function sensitivity measure, under which the threshold is tailored to the empirical cumulative distribution function, thus becoming an experiment-based quantity. The proposed definition, which is validated to be innately sound, is then employed to determine and enhance the estimability of the PTAM.
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Bow, Eric W., and John M. Rimoldi. "The Structure–Function Relationships of Classical Cannabinoids: CB1/CB2 Modulation." Perspectives in Medicinal Chemistry 8 (January 2016): PMC.S32171. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/pmc.s32171.
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The cannabinoids are members of a deceptively simple class of terpenophenolic secondary metabolites isolated from Cannabis sativa highlighted by (-)-Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), eliciting distinct pharmacological effects mediated largely by cannabinoid receptor (CB1 or CB2) signaling. Since the initial discovery of THC and related cannabinoids, synthetic and semisynthetic classical cannabinoid analogs have been evaluated to help define receptor binding modes and structure–CB1/CB2 functional activity relationships. This perspective will examine the classical cannabinoids, with particular emphasis on the structure–activity relationship of five regions: C3 side chain, phenolic hydroxyl, aromatic A-ring, pyran B-ring, and cyclohexenyl C-ring. Cumulative structure–activity relationship studies to date have helped define the critical structural elements required for potency and selectivity toward CB1 and CB2 and, more importantly, ushered the discovery and development of contemporary nonclassical cannabinoid modulators with enhanced physicochemical and pharmacological profiles.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cumulative structure function"
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Dupuis, Quentin. "Identification des caractéristiques d'une carte électronique et de ses composants, et modélisation de leurs comportements thermiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA100131.
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Le travail développé dans cette thèse est une contribution à l’identification via des mesures expérimentales des paramètres critiques pour la modélisation thermique d’une carte électronique et de ses composants. Dans une première partie, l’étude de l’évolution temporelle de la température de jonction d’un composant électronique soumis à une puissance thermique constante est proposée, ceci à partir de l’analyse graphique de sa Cumulative Structure Function. La présentation détaillée de toutes les étapes dans la construction de cette dernière est réalisée, ainsi que l’analyse des différents paramètres sensibles. L’identification de manière absolue des paramètres thermiques des différents matériaux d’un composant électronique est irréalisable. Néanmoins une étude relative permettant le calibrage de son modèle numérique détaillé est présentée. La seconde partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l’identification par méthodes inverses des caractéristiques d’un composant encastré au sein d’une carte électronique, à savoir sa position, ses dimensions et la puissance thermique qu’il dissipe. Pour atteindre cet objectif, un modèle numérique 3D basé sur la méthode des volumes finis a été implémenté, pour calculer en régime transitoire les transferts de chaleur par conduction qui s’établisse au sein de la structure d’étude. L’algorithme des gradients conjugués avec calcul de la variable adjointe est utilisé pour estimer les puissances thermiques volumiques dissipées, tandis que son couplage avec une fonction de minimisation unidimensionnelle permet d’identifier la position des sources de chaleur dans la profondeur de la structure. L’application de cette procédure à partir de données issues de simulations numériques ainsi que des mesures expérimentales ont permis de valider la méthode d’inversionThe work presented in this thesis is a contribution to the identification via experimental measurements of critical parameters for the thermal modelling of an electronic board and its components.First, the study of the temporal evolution of the junction temperature of an electronic component stimulated by a constant thermal power is proposed, based on the graphical analysis of its Cumulative Structure Function. All the steps involved in the construction of this function are presented in detail, together with an analysis of the various sensitive parameters. Absolute identification of the thermal parameters of the different materials of an electronic component is not feasible, but a relative study is presented to enable the calibration of its detailed numerical model.The second part of this thesis is devoted to the identification, using inverse methods, of the characteristics of a component embedded in an electronic board, namely its position, its dimensions, and its dissipated thermal power. To achieve this objective, a 3D numerical model based on the finite volume method was implemented to calculate the transient conductive heat transfer within the structure of study. The conjugate gradient algorithm with adjoint variable calculation is used to estimate the dissipated heat power density, while its coupling with a one-dimensional minimisation function permits to identify the position of the heat sources according to the depth of the structure. The application of this procedure to data from numerical simulations and experimental measurements has enabled to validate the inversion method
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Suzanne, Christina Louise. "Effects of Natural and Anthropogenic Non-Point Source Disturbances on the Structure and Function of Tributary Ecosystems in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/6102.
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A multi-integrative approach was used to identify spatial and temporal relationships of natural and anthropogenic environmental variables affecting riverine ecosystem structure and function in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR). A series of inter-related field studies were conducted to assess three key components of the freshwater food web (physico-chemical environment, basal productivity, benthic macroinvertebrates) utilizing an a priori environmental disturbance gradient experimental design. The gradient design was formulated to best discriminate the possible effects of natural and anthropogenic environmental variables on two river basins (Steepbank and Ells Rivers) each having different levels of oil sands (OS) land use disturbance. Findings from this study showed that natural variation explained most longitudinal and seasonal responses of physico-chemical environmental variables for both rivers, including possible mechanisms such as physical and chemical effects from the OS geological deposit and inputs from shallow groundwater upwelling. Basal productivity was likely controlled by natural variables within the Steepbank and Ells Rivers, such as potential OS deposit effects, nutrient availability and influences from turbidity and physical factors, with disturbance from OS development either negligible or not detected. Longitudinal and seasonal differences in benthic macroinvertebrate community composition were mostly related to natural variation, including possible mechanisms such as high discharge and sediment slump events on the Steepbank River, and community shifts from elevated metal concentrations from natural sources at upstream sites on the Ells River. This study demonstrated that developing baseline information on watersheds can be essential at discriminating sources of disturbance, with natural variation potentially confounding with anthropogenic factors. This study also highlights the need for further research to obtain an improved understanding of mechanistic pathways to better determine natural and anthropogenic non-point source disturbances and cumulative effects on the structure and function of tributary ecosystems in the AOSR at relevant spatial and temporal scales.Graduate
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clsuzann@uvic.ca
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Chen, Chien-Hao, and 陳建豪. "Nonparametric Estimation of the Cumulative Incidence Function under Three Types of Data Structures." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95323640767945345083.
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博士國立交通大學
統計學研究所
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In this thesis we consider nonparametric inference of the cumulative incidence function for a particular type of failure and its long-term incidence rate, both of which are useful descriptive measures for biomedical data with multiple endpoints. A unified framework is provided to study different inference techniques under various incomplete data structures. Specifically three approaches, namely decomposition, weighting and imputation, are studied under data settings which include the conventional competing risks data, the framework of a cure model and truncated data. Identity between these methods for each data structure is examined. Numerical examples are provided for comparing the first two data formulations.
Books on the topic "Cumulative structure function"
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Cuevas-Trisan, Ramon, ed. Painful Conditions of the Upper Limb. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190066376.001.0001.
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This volume is part of the “What Do I Do Now” Pain Management series, presenting clinical scenarios related to painful syndromes affecting the upper limb. The emphasis is on common presenting symptoms and associated conditions but the chapters expand to more complex syndromes requiring extensive diagnostic evaluation, more comprehensive approaches, and complex management strategies. Upper limb pain can be complex to evaluate and manage given the multiple potential etiologies, complex anatomical structures, and pain referral patterns. The multitude of cumulative trauma disorders and their resulting functional and vocational effects are discussed with special attention to rehabilitative management and functional restoration. The interplay of neuromusculoskeletal structures and functions in the upper limb are front and center pieces of the cases. Emphasis on proper diagnosis and management options for these syndromes using specific restorative approaches has never been greater in light of the current nationwide opioid epidemic. This volume focuses on non-opioid and mostly non-pharmacological management methods for painful syndromes affecting the shoulder girdle, arm, and hand. The discussions will be highly relevant and useful for providers in primary care settings as well as specialty care providers.
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Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y., and R. M. W. Dixon, eds. Commands. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803225.001.0001.
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This book focuses on the form and the function of commands—directive speech acts such as pleas, entreaties, and orders—from a typological perspective. A team of internationally renowned experts in the field examine the interrelationship of these speech acts with cultural stereotypes and practices, as well as their origins and development, especially in the light of language contact. The volume begins with an introduction outlining the marking and the meaning of imperatives and other ways of expressing commands and directives. Each of the chapters that follow then offers an in-depth analysis of commands in a particular language. These analyses are cast in terms of ‘basic linguistic theory’—a cumulative typological functional framework—and the chapters are arranged and structured in a way that allows useful comparison between them. The languages investigated include Quechua, Japanese, Lao, Aguaruna and Ashaninka Satipo (both from Peru), Dyirbal (from Australia), Zenzontepec Chatino (from Mexico), Nungon, Tayatuk, and Karawari (from Papua New Guinea), Korowai (from West Papua), Wolaitta (from Ethiopia), and Northern Paiute (a native language of the United States).
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Marin, Mara. Connected by Commitment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190498627.001.0001.
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Connected by Commitment examines our obligations to transform structures of oppression and argues that they should be understood on the model of “commitments.” Commitments are relationships of obligation developed over time through the accumulated effect of open-ended actions and responses. The book examines three spheres of social relations (legal relations, intimate relations of care, and work relations) and argues that in each of them oppressive relations are maintained by processes that make a mutual vulnerability invisible and in so doing are able to place it disproportionately on disadvantaged social groups. The notion of commitment is crucial for understanding how these processes can be undermined and oppressive structures can be transformed because it can explain how the cumulative effects of individual actions are implicated in sustaining oppressive relations. For example, understanding legal relations as commitments makes visible the continuous labor of compliance required by the law from those it governs and, in so doing, makes visible both the unequal burdens the law puts on different social groups and the possibilities of resistance intrinsic to the enforcement function of the law. The notion of commitment highlights the fact that we incur obligations to dismantle unjust social structures in virtue of our participation in them over time, of the cumulative effects of our actions, irrespective of our intentions. Commitment is essential to making sense of our collective obligations to transform oppression, and thus it offers a model of solidarity against multiple forms of oppression.
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Gillett, Grant, and Rom Harré. Discourse and Diseases of the Psyche. Edited by K. W. M. Fulford, Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, George Graham, John Z. Sadler, Giovanni Stanghellini, and Tim Thornton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579563.013.0022.
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The discursive approach to psychiatry, taking as it does an ethological approach to the human organism, directs us to rules and story lines that structure our ways of dealing with the challenges thrown up by particular situated positions in our discursive world. For human beings this means engaging with the sense they are making of the world and the words they use to try and communicate that (to themselves and others). Doing things with words is behavior that draws on certain skills attuned to prompts, cues, expectations, and so on, all of which can go seriously awry in any setting where certain features are unfamiliar or where one of the participants is "impaired" or out of step with prevailing norms and assumptions. Discursive competence and the reality of the human psyche as a mode of being-in-relation-with others crucially depends on intact neural function and brain pathways slowly and cumulatively developed throughout life and is vulnerable to disruption of that substrate. Hysteria (or conversion disorder) and dementia represent two very different situations in which the discursive mismatch between an individual and his or her context of being causes the voice (and soul) of a person to be "lost in translation" so that understanding what is happening and then care and restoration demand a great deal of us not just as biomedical scientists but also as human beings who are reaching out to those who suffer and try to endure (patients) so as to help hold them in being.
Book chapters on the topic "Cumulative structure function"
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Liu, Mingxuan, Xinyang Fan, Danrong Song, Bin Zheng, and Meng Zhang. "Fatigue Analysis Method of Steel Containment of Floating Nuclear Power Plant." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 1046–59. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1023-6_88.
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AbstractFloating nuclear power plant (FNPP) is a movable nuclear power plant built on the floating platform, which can provide clean and stable power for remote coastal areas, and are currently a hot research topic in the field of nuclear power. The steel containment is located in the reactor compartment of the FNPP and it is an important safety guarantee structure. Fatigue and fracture have been an important issue for ship and offshore structures for a long time. Fatigue failure of containment will have serious consequences.In order to research the fatigue life analysis method of steel containment of the first FNPP in China, the paper adopts miner linear cumulative damage theory and spectral analysis method, based on the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) standards and relevant standards of China Classification Society (CCS), and uses AQWA to analyze Wave load of FNPP. The hydrodynamic calculation results are imported into finite element model to analyze the structural response of each point of containment, and calibrate the transfer function data of each key point by using the linear system theory and regular wave periodic evaluation method. The fatigue analysis of each point is carried out according to the transfer function and the wave dispersion diagram drawn by the forty years monitoring sea conditions of the working sea area of the FNPP. The result shows that the fatigue life of steel containment is superior and meets the service requirements.
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Mossig, Ivo, Michael Windzio, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer. "Networks of Global Social Policy Diffusion: The Effects of Culture, Economy, Colonial Legacies, and Geographic Proximity." In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion, 1–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_1.
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AbstractThe introductory chapter to the volume by Mossig, Windzio, Seitzer and Besche-Truthe defines the core concepts, such as diffusion and contagion, and gives an example of an application diffusion and contagion in epidemiology. The most important underlying functions, namely the logistic density and cumulative logistic density function, are explained, followed by a very brief introduction to the core concepts of event history analysis. In the network diffusion model, contagion, or, in other words, the adoption of information or innovation, is based on the concept of exposure which will be elaborated in this chapter. Finally, after describing and visualizing the four different networks and their correlations, exponential random graph models are used to analyze structural and substantive properties of these networks. The introduction concludes with a brief overview of the chapters.
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"Cumulative Author Index." In Crystal Design: Structure and Function, 387–91. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470868015.indauth.
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"Cumulative Title Index." In Crystal Design: Structure and Function, 393–95. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470868015.indcum.
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Riascos, Roberto, Tomislava Majić, Egon Ostrosi, Jean-Claude Sagot, and Josip Stjepandić. "Functional Approach for Summative Risk Management of Medical Products." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde210138.
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In the search to maintain the integrity of all systems and components over the span of the product’s life, a tightly integrated risk management process and system shall enable a discrete but frequent enough calculation method. The challenge is finding a methodology where risk management is living, concomitant process throughout the lifecycle, which is cumulative, so the risk assessments refine with the product’s definition while adhering to a tightly regulated enviroment for medical devices. This process needs be fully embedded in the PLM processes so it is able to accompany the product at any change throughout its life. The Multi-interfaces Entity Model (MIEM) was introduced integrated with a summative risk management concept that allows an incremental risk analysis, while the entities in the MIEM are refined. The results were a recursive methodology that supported with a PLM integrated risk management, can be automated to make sure the risk assessment is complete, re-usable and configurable as an additional PLM function. The focus of this paper lies on the generation of the functional structure of a product which is connected with the Multi-interfaces Entity Model. This allows to create a configured design structure, applying recursively the same cumulative properties of the risk assessment where a new configuration would create new interfaces.
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Dauvin, Jean-Claude. "Cumulative Impact of Anthropogenic Drivers and Climatic Change on Structure and Function of Estuarine and Coastal Ecosystems: Disturbance, Resistance, Resilience Responses and Assessment." In Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. Elsevier, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-90798-9.00020-2.
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Sadurski, Wojciech. "Anti-constitutional Populist Backsliding." In Poland's Constitutional Breakdown, 1–34. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840503.003.0001.
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This chapter provides a general overview of the post-2015 changes in the Polish state. It demonstrates that they proceeded in an incremental way, without any clear ‘breaking point’. The most nefarious consequences stemmed from the cumulative effects of different changes, often with formal institutions intact, but which were hollowed out of their original function as checks and balances on the legislative and executive branches. Largely, it emulates similar changes in Hungary, except that in Poland, the ruling party has no majority sufficient to pass through constitutional changes. The chapter further argues that, overall, the negative transformation can be described by using three characteristics. First, it is unconstitutional because there have been multiple breaches of express constitutional provisions, constitutional conventions have been disregarded, the constitutional structure has been amended through statutory changes, and the real centre of political power is different from that constitutionally designed. Second, it is populist, in that the ruling elite cares a great deal about popular support, and uses traditional populist devices such as pretending to speak on behalf of the whole nation, and dismantles various institutional mechanisms of the separation of powers. Third, it constitutes backsliding, because trajectory and path-dependence are crucial to understanding Poland’s current state.
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Markham, Peter. "Dramatic Narrative." In The Art of the Filmmaker, 31–41. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197631522.003.0006.
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Abstract Understanding the foundations of dramatic narrative together with dramaturgy—the nexus of this and its representation on screen—is essential to consideration of practical aesthetics. Elements of dramatic narrative are listed in this chapter: world, characters, their configuration, story, the stakes and register of the drama, premise, theme, genre, structure, tone, passage of time, suspense, friction, and tension. Story—central to human interaction and understanding—is the imperative of cinema, offering cumulative gratification and demanding narrative logic and stakes that ultimately reveal a sense of meaning. Structure—traditional (three-act, five-act) or unconventional—is considered the framework of dramatic flow, its stanchions represented on screen by changes of tension, rhythm, tone, light, place, dynamics of shot size, and shifts in energy flow. The term narrative units—the building blocks of dramatic narrative—is used to encompass acts, movements, scenes, sequences, and vignettes moving the story forward or having other purposes such as suspense, wonder, resonance of emotion, revelation, new knowledge, or modulation of narrative momentum. The credibility and autonomy of characters are important: their relationship to narrative POV; function as an amalgam of fictional being and building block of story; categories; configuration; and presentation without judgment, as well as the impact of their individual natures on screen language adopted by the filmmaker. The world of the film, real or fantastical, needs to seem truthful in its physical and human/cultural aspects, whether it captures known environments or incorporates mythical elements. Dramatic narrative may be modified through the filmmaking process.
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Barghi, Hanieyh, Xiaotong Cheng, and Setareh Maghsudi. "Cooperative Thresholded Lasso for Sparse Linear Bandit." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia230271.
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We present a novel approach to address the multi-agent sparse contextual linear bandit problem, in which the feature vectors have a high dimension d whereas the reward function depends on only a limited set of features - precisely s0 ≪ d. Furthermore, the learning follows under information-sharing constraints. The proposed method employs Lasso regression for dimension reduction, allowing each agent to independently estimate an approximate set of main dimensions and share that information with others depending on the network’s structure. The information is then aggregated through a specific process and shared with all agents. Each agent then resolves the problem with ridge regression focusing solely on the extracted dimensions. We represent algorithms for both a star-shaped network and a peer-to-peer network. The approaches effectively reduce communication costs while ensuring minimal cumulative regret per agent. Theoretically, we show that our proposed methods have a regret bound of order O(s0 log d + s0 √T) with high probability, where T is the time horizon. To our best knowledge, it is the first algorithm that tackles row-wise distributed data in sparse linear bandits, achieving comparable performance compared to the state-of-the-art single and multi-agent methods. Besides, it is widely applicable to high-dimensional multi-agent problems where efficient feature extraction is critical for minimizing regret. To validate the effectiveness of our approach, we present experimental results on both synthetic and real-world datasets.
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Kindval, Oskar. "Bush Cricket Metrioptera bicolor in Sweden: Estimating Interpatch Dispersal Rates." In Species Conservation and Management, 125–36. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195166460.003.0011.
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Abstract Interpatch migration is a process of great importance for large-scale population dynamics and survival of species. It is therefore necessary to be careful about how this process is implemented into any spatially structured model that is aimed for population viability analysis (PVA). In most cases, interpatch migration is modeled by simply applying the negative exponential equation, which can be parameterized by fitting it to the inverse cumulative distribution of dispersal distances observed in mark and recapture studies (e.g., Chapter 15 in this volume). Usually the fit is very good, but occasionally other functions have been suggested to give better descriptions of the probability of migration in relation to distance. For example, the mark and recapture data of the butterfly Hesperia comma fitted better to the inverse-power function than to the negative exponential (Hill et al. 1996). The tradition of fitting different equations to data on migration distances has a long history, and the number of examples is tremendous. (For a vast array of examples, see Wolfenbarger 1946.)
Conference papers on the topic "Cumulative structure function"
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Horiuchi, Keisuke, Yuichiro Konishi, and Atsuo Nishihara. "Non-Intrusive Case Temperature Measurement Method of Direct-Water-Cooled Power Module." In ASME 2015 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems collocated with the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2015-48625.
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In this paper, we present a non-intrusive case temperature measurement method of the direct-water-cooled power module. It uses the structure function, which in this case comprises the cumulative thermal capacitance and the cumulative thermal resistance. Since the effective heat transfer rate of the pinfin heatsink varies with the water flow rate, in this study we assumed the inflection point of the structure function corresponding to the change in the flow rate was junction-case thermal resistance. We compared numerical simulation results with experimental results and present our findings. Finally, we show that the design area in which the heat spreading angle of 45 degrees, the well-known rule of thumb, is suitable.
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Song, Niu, Cao Jun-wei, Ren Hui-long, and Feng Guo-qing. "Fatigue Crack Propagation of the Ship Structure in Random Sea Condition." In SNAME 5th World Maritime Technology Conference. SNAME, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/wmtc-2015-083.
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Fatigue damage is one of the main causes responsible for the destruction of ship structures. The traditional methods of the fatigue strength check are based on S-N curves and Miner linear cumulative damage rules. But different fatigue lives of the same node are obtained, because the disadvantages of S-N curves could not be avoided, such as neglect of initial objection of material. The method of fracture mechanics to assess the fatigue life of ship structures has become a trend now. According to the relevant fracture mechanics theory, this paper brings forward a set of methods on the fatigue life of ship structures under random sea state. This method takes into account the non-linear effect of stress distributed along the crack surface, and the stress intensity factor is calculated through the weight function method. The crack extension is calculated in each cycle of stress according to the stress response history of ship in actual sea state so as to attain the fatigue crack propagation life of ship structures in the random load.
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Zeng, Qingna, Donghui Wang, Fenggang Zang, and Yixiong Zhang. "Algorithm Improvement of Transfer Matrix Method for Vibration Propagation of Periodic Pipeline Structure." In ASME 2022 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-85297.
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Abstract This paper proposes an improved transfer matrix method (TMM) algorithm to calculate frequency response function (FRF) for finite periods of periodic composite pipelines structures. Traditional TMM usually generate instable matrix and inaccurate calculation results for Phononic crystals (PCs) pipeline. Under the assumption that periodic distribution of pipeline structure with no intermediate excitation, the main idea of the improved algorithm is to reasonably divide finite periodic pipeline into several effective segments, then the transfer relationship of state vector for each connected pipe part could be expressed individually, thereby realizing the calculation order reduction by expanding the dimension of overall stiffness matrix. This improved algorithm could effectively avoid cumulative error caused by diagonal sparse matrix operations, thus getting true dynamic response to calculate exact FRF curves. Moreover, this algorithm could fundamentally improve the accuracy and stability of traditional TMM calculations. The transverse FRF for finite periods calculated by improved TMM shows excellent consistency with corresponding band gap structures (BGs), validate the correctness of derived theory and algorithm. This improved TMM algorithm supplies an effective method for FRF calculation of finite pipeline periods, and also provide effective verification of BGs for infinite structures, which could guide the vibration and noise reduction design of pipeline system.
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Guo, Guohu, Yiwen Wang, Jin Gan, Weiguo Wu, and Yunling Ye. "Study on Wave Load Prediction and Fatigue Damage Analysis of River-Sea-Going Ship." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77554.
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With the consideration of shipping efficiency and the limited conditions of the Yangtze River, flat and wide ship become the preferred type for River-Sea-Going ship. This kind of structure is adverse to the ship’s stiffness under longitudinal bending, transverse bending. And two-stage repeated loading brings to the fatigue assessment of the ship structure new uncertainties, so accurate cumulative fatigue damage is a matter of necessary. Based on the theory of three-dimensional potential flow, the hydrodynamic analysis of River-Sea-Going container ship under specific route is carried out. The hull motion and the load transfer function of each section are obtained. The finite element model is used to calculate the amplitude-frequency response Operator RAOs. The influence of special routes and speed factors are also considered. Based on the frequency domain spectral analysis method combined with the scatter diagram of E1 sea area, the characteristics of wave-induced load are analyzed under 10−7.5 probability level. The stress response spectrum and the short-term distribution of stress range are obtained by combining the structural stress response calculation with the whole ship finite element structure model. The long-term distribution of stress response spectrum and stress range is also obtained. The cumulative fatigue damage of River-Sea-Going container ship under the special route is evaluated by using the S-N curve recommended by the criterion. It can provide the basis for the fatigue assessment of the new type of River-Sea-Going container ship.
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Higuma, Daiki, João Vitor Thomsen Silveira, and Kazuyoshi Fushinobu. "Thermal Property Estimation of Thin Layered Structures by Means of Thermoreflectance Measurement and NID Algorithm." In ASME 2023 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2023-111269.
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Abstract Laser-induced forward transfer (i.e. LIFT) is a powerful tool for micro and nanoscale digital printing of metals that uses a pulsed laser as the driving force. In metal LIFT process, the donor thin metal film is propelled to the receiving substrate and deposited on it. The shape of the deposited metal varies with the conditions of the donor during and after the laser heating. Thus, to accurately simulate the process, appropriate thermal properties and temperature respons of the donor must be given. In this study, assuming a donor substrate with tens of nm of a metal layer and semi-infinite substrate compared with the metal layer, a 0.5 mm thick Si chip coated with 100 nm of gold was investigated by the combination of thermoreflectance method and NID algorithm. Thermoreflectance method was used to obtain temperature decay on the surface of the sample after the nanosecond pulsed laser heating. In addition, a network identification by deconvolution (NID) algorithm was used to analyze the temperature response after pulsed laser excitation. The NID method can be used to extract the thermal time constants of the sample and further mathematical operations allow us to investigate the structure of the heat flow path and the thermal properties by making the cumulative structure function and differential structure function. The structure functions were made from the temperature response of thermoreflectance experiment of the sample and their feasibility will be discussed.
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Bazˇant, Zdeneˇk P., and Jia-Liang Le. "Size Effect on Strength and Lifetime Distributions of Quasibrittle Structures." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11824.
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Engineering structures such as aircraft, bridges, dams, nuclear containments and ships, as well as computer circuits, chips and MEMS, should be designed for failure probability < 10−6–10−7 per lifetime. The safety factors required to ensure it are still determined empirically, even though they represent much larger and much more uncertain corrections to deterministic calculations than do the typical errors of modern computer analysis of structures. The empirical approach is sufficient for perfectly brittle and perfectly ductile structures since the cumulative distribution function (cdf) of random strength is known, making it possible to extrapolate to the tail from the mean and variance. However, the empirical approach does not apply to structures consisting of quasibrittle materials, which are brittle materials with inhomogeneities that are not negligible compared to structure size. This paper presents a refined theory on the strength distribution of quasibrittle structures, which is based on the fracture mechanics of nanocracks propagating by activation energy controlled small jumps through the atomic lattice and an analytical model for the multi-scale transition of strength statistics. Based on the power law for creep crack growth rate and the cdf of material strength, the lifetime distribution of quasibrittle structures under constant loads is derived. Both the strength and lifetime cdf’s are shown to be size- and geometry-dependent. The theory predicts intricate size effects on both the mean structural strength and lifetime, the latter being much stronger. The theory is shown to match the experimentally observed systematic deviations of strength and lifetime histograms of industrial ceramics from the Weibull distribution.
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Nakamura, Hitoshi, Seiichi Tajima, Osamu Hazama, and Wenwei Gu. "Automated Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue Analyses Based on Three-Dimensional Finite Element for Welding Components." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28169.
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This paper describes the structure and application of a software system that automates the fatigue initiation and crack propagation analysis based on FEM. The system automatically performs necessary procedures to track propagation history of cracks: insertion of a crack and updating of three-dimensional finite element mesh in accordance with the crack propagation. Most of the meshing is carried out by a Delaunay tessellation method. A tubular hexahedral mesh is generated at the crack front and the fracture mechanics parameters are computed using commercial codes to ensure accuracy. The generation of this tubular hexahedral mesh is fully automatic as well. The system is equipped with a function to automatically perform fatigue analyses using the stress-strain histories at nodes of a three-dimensional FEM model. The standard low cycle fatigue analysis approach is adopted. Using the function, cumulative fatigue for a given FEM model is provided. Some analyses for several examples were carried out for validation. The important example is the surface crack propagation in steel pipes with residual stress.
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Burbelko, Andriy A., Daniel Gurgul, Edward Fras´, and Edward Guzik. "Multiscale Modeling of Ductile Iron Solidification With Continuous Nucleation by a Cellular Automaton." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28764.
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The solidification of metals and alloys is a typical example of multiphysics and multiscale engineering systems. The phenomenon of different time and spatial scales should be taken into consideration in the modeling of a microstructure formation: heat diffusion, the components diffusion in the liquid and solid phases, the thermodynamics of phase transformation under a condition of inhomogeneous chemical composition of growing and vanishing phases, phase interface kinetics, and grains nucleation. The results of a two-dimensional modeling of the microstructure formation in a ductile cast iron are presented. The cellular automaton model (CA) was used for the simulation. The model takes into account the nucleation of two kinds of grains that appear inside of the liquid during solidification: austenite and graphite. The six states of CA cells correspond to the above-mentioned three phases (liquid, austenite and graphite) and to the three two-phase interfaces. A numerical solution was used for the modeling of concentration and temperature fields. The parabolic nonlinear differential equations with a source function were solved by using the finite element method and explicit scheme. In the mono-phase cells the source function is equal to zero. In the interface cells the value of the source function varies depending on the local undercooling. The undercooling value depends on the front curvature, the local temperature and the local chemical composition of the phases. Overlapping lattices with the same spatial step were used for concentration field modeling and for the CA. The time scale of the temperature field for this lattice is about 104 times shorter. Due to the above reasons, another lattice was used with a multiple spatial step and the same time step. The new grain nucleation of solid phases from a liquid is a phenomenon which must be taken into account for correct simulation of a polycrystalline structure formation. The cumulative distribution curve approach was used to calculate the number of substrates on which nucleation takes place as a function of under-cooling below the equilibrium temperature. An algorithm of continuous nucleation modeling during solidification is presented. The undercooling of solid phase grain nucleation was calculated on the basis of the inverse function of the above-mentioned cumulative distribution curve (fractile) with the argument equal to the random number generated in the interval 0…1 with uniform density. The domain of correct usage of this algorithm was analyzed.
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Singh, Manander, and Suhail Ahmad. "Probabilistic Analysis and Risk Assessment of Deep Water Composite Production Riser Against Fatigue Limit State." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41576.
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Deep water composite risers are subjected to randomly fluctuating loads, induced by wind and waves in the presence of fluctuating axial tension which may be critical in deep sea conditions. Therefore, risers experience the extreme bending and randomly fluctuating stresses throughout their service life. Cumulative fatigue damage is a critical assessment of riser life in the presence of large dynamic stresses. Probabilistic analysis and risk assessment of composite risers for cumulative fatigue is a vital design requirement for its satisfactory service and survival for stipulated period. Without addressing the reliability assessment, composite risers may not be recommended for deep water oil and gas exploration and production. Hence, the reliability assessment is a critical issue that is to be addressed for the safety of the deep water composite riser. It is studied for the entire system for all possible sea states occurring in the exploration region. Unlike conventional risers, the wall structure of a composite riser is more complicated. Therefore, multiple failure mechanisms are used jointly to assess the safety of the composite riser. Fatigue reliability is a challenging task due to complex nature of dynamic response and associated uncertainties caused by the material and external loads. The present study is focused on reliability assessment using stochastic finite element analysis. Response time histories for random sea plus current have been obtained. Requisite numbers of sea states are considered for the simulation of a wide range of off-shore environment and estimation of accumulated damage. By using the S-N data, damage fractions are calculated then summed linearly using Miner-Palmgren rule. The total damage has been obtained by summing the accumulated damages over all the sea states under consideration. Non-linear limit state function is derived based upon the above given approach to calculate the fatigue life. Important uncertainties associated with random variables are considered while deriving the limit state function. Numerical methods, such as Monte Carlo simulation and Advanced First Order Reliability Method, are used for the calculation of the reliability. The sensitivities of various random variables on overall probability of failure have been studied and design points have been located on failure surface. Probabilities of failure for important parameters are investigated.
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Sawant, Pravin, Joshua Schelegel, Sidharth Paranjape, Basar Ozar, Takashi Hibiki, and Mamoru Ishii. "Flow Regime Identification in Large Diameter Pipe." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48311.
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Air-water vertical two-phase flow experiments were performed in a 0.15 m diameter and 4.4 m long test section. Superficial liquid velocity was varied from 0.05 m/s to 2.0 m/s and superficial gas velocity was varied to obtain the area averaged void fraction range of 0.1 to 0.7. Exit pressure was close to the atmospheric pressure. In order to study the development of flow structure over the length of test section, area averaged void fraction was measured using impedance meters at four different measuring ports. Pressure drop was also measured between these ports. Since the temporal variation of void fraction signal obtained from the impedance meter and its distribution are characteristic of the flow regime, a Cumulative Probability Distribution Function (CPDF) of the void fraction signal was utilized for the identification of flow regime at each port. The CPDFs of the impedance probe void fraction signal were supplied as an input to the Kohonen Self Organized neural network or the Self Organized Map (SOM) for the identification of the patterns by employing self organized neural network technique. The three flow regimes identified by the neural network are subjectively named as bubbly flow, cap-bubbly flow and cap-turbulent flow.