Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cumulative extraction

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Cumulative extraction'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cumulative extraction"

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Prathosh, A. P., P. Sujith, A. G. Ramakrishnan, and Prasanta Kumar Ghosh. "Cumulative Impulse Strength for Epoch Extraction." IEEE Signal Processing Letters 23, no. 4 (April 2016): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2016.2519500.

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Bordoloi, Monali, Preetam Chayan Chatterjee, Saroj Kumar Biswas, and Biswajit Purkayastha. "Keyword extraction using supervised cumulative TextRank." Multimedia Tools and Applications 79, no. 41-42 (August 21, 2020): 31467–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09335-1.

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Chen, Li Ping, Xiang Zeng Kong, Pan Xiong, Jing Zeng, Xin Qi Lin, Zhi Zheng, and Xiao Shan Zhan. "The Application of Cumulative Sum Feature Extraction Algorithm in Data Stream Anomaly Analysis before Earthquake." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.524.

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A cumulative sum feature extraction algorithm for anomaly analysis before earthquake is proposed by using the cumulative sum feature extraction algorithm. The analysis results reveal that the anomalous variations exist prior to the earthquakes. The methods studied in this work include cumulative sum, smooth using the Technology of Locally weighted smoothing and compute feature points. These methods have been applied to analyze the anomaly from OLR data that correspond to seismic precursors, particularly to a comparative study of the two earthquakes of Wenchuan in China and one earthquake in eastern Japan.
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Li, Ai Jun, and Yin Xue Cao. "Thermodynamic Input-Output Analysis of Energy Utilization in Hubei Province." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.74.

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This paper develops a thermodynamic input-output analysis of industrial economy for Hubei Province, which accounts for the flow of cumulative exergy consumption of primary energy. Firstly, the basic situation of energy utilization in 2007 Hubei Province is analyzed. Then two different methods are adopted for thermodynamic input-output analysis in this paper, which are named as industrial cumulative exergy consumption and ecological cumulative exergy consumption. Results show that primary energy extraction sectors and raw material processing sectors have prominent peaks on both industrial cumulative exergy consumption and ecological cumulative exergy consumption for the case of Hubei Province. In terms of primary energy extraction sectors, traditional energy which has high exergy content should be substituted for new energy which has low exergy content. In terms of raw material processing sectors, high energy efficient and clean energy utilization technology should be promoted.
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Connessons, Elisabeth, and Claire Vasiljevic. "Absolute location by landmark extraction." Robotica 18, no. 5 (September 2000): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700002630.

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To limit cumulative errors due to the odometer, we propose an absolute location method based on the extraction and the use of geometrical landmarks. This method also avoids the need of prior knowledge of the robot environment (no training steps) and its specified fitting (no beacons). If different measurements of the environment around the robot taken by an ultrasonic telemeter are merged, geometrical primitives appear. They are then discriminated and rebuilt. Those primitives are the landmarks used by the locating system. Hence a set of definitions and laws have been established to conjointly use few landmarks, in order to obtain the mobile robot absolute location by triangulation.
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Xu, Yan, He Xu, Yan Tao Wang, X. Z. Gao, and Kai Xue. "A Novel Automatic Extraction Approach of Pollutants for Mobile Camera." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 1328–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.1328.

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Rapid and automatic extraction of pollutants is of great importance for mobile camera in real-world scenarios. In the moving process of robot, the camera is treated as dynamic background, and the pollutants on the camera are treated as static target. So as to realize the detection of static target in dynamic scene, this paper presents an automatic extraction algorithm for pollutants based on frame difference accumulation. Firstly, this algorithm can determine whether pollutants exist or not by the overall trend of gray histogram of the cumulative frame difference images. And then if existing pollutants, Otsu algorithm was adopted to adaptively calculate threshold to convert the gray image into binary image. In this paper, analysis of the important parameters of the algorithm - cumulative frame number and frame difference threshold was implemented. Moreover, feasibility of the algorithm was verified by experiments on the automatic extraction of pollutants for gun-type camera.
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Tan, Joseph K. H., and Izak Benbasat. "The Effectiveness of Graphical Presentation for Information Extraction: A Cumulative Experimental Approach." Decision Sciences 24, no. 1 (January 1993): 167–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1993.tb00468.x.

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Haverson, David, John Bacon, Helen C. M. Smith, Vengatesan Venugopal, and Qing Xiao. "Cumulative impact assessment of tidal stream energy extraction in the Irish Sea." Ocean Engineering 137 (June 2017): 417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.04.003.

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Röhrlich, Michael, Mark Mistry, Per N. Martens, Stefan Buntenbach, Martin Ruhrberg, Matthias Dienhart, Sebastian Briem, Rainer Quinkertz, Zeynel Alkan, and Kurt Kugeler. "A method to calculate the cumulative energy demand (CED) of lignite extraction." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 5, no. 6 (November 2000): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02978675.

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Syrpas, Michail, Kiran Subbarayadu, Vaida Kitrytė, and Petras Rimantas Venskutonis. "High-Pressure Extraction of Antioxidant-Rich Fractions from Shrubby Cinquefoil (Dasiphora fruticosa L. Rydb.) Leaves: Process Optimization and Extract Characterization." Antioxidants 9, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060457.

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Dasiphora fruticosa (basionym Potentilla fruticosa) is a shrub, known in traditional medicine for centuries. Due to the wide range of pharmacological effects, interest and applications of D. fruticosa extracts are continually increasing; however, reports on optimization of extraction conditions are scarce. Herein, a multi-step high-pressure extraction process with increasing polarity solvents was developed to isolate valuable fractions from D. fruticosa leaves. Supercritical CO2 extraction recovered 2.46 g/100 g of lipophilic fraction, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Further, pressurized liquid extractions (PLE) with acetone, ethanol, and water were applied to obtain antioxidant-rich higher polarity extracts. Under optimized PLE conditions, the cumulative polar fraction yield was 29.98 g/100 g. Ethanol fraction showed the highest yield (15.3 g/100 g), TPC values (148.4 mg GAE/g), ABTS•+, and DPPH• scavenging capacity (161.1 and 151.8 mg TE/g, respectively). PLE was more efficient than conventional solid–liquid extraction in terms of extraction time, extract yields, and in vitro antioxidant capacity. Phytochemical characterization of PLE extracts by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS revealed the presence of hyperoside, ellagic acid, among other health beneficial phenolic substances. Τhis study highlights the potential of high-pressure extraction techniques to isolate antioxidant-rich fractions from D. fruticosa leaves with multipurpose applications, including the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cumulative extraction"

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Almehio, Yasser. "A Cumulative Framework for Image Registration using Level-line Primitives." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112155.

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Nous proposons dans cette thèse une nouvelle approche cumulative de recalage d'images basée sur des primitives construites à partir des lignes de niveaux. Les lignes de niveaux sont invariantes par rapport aux diverses perturbations affectant l'image tels que les changements de contraste. Par ailleurs, leur abondance dans une image suggère naturellement un processus de décision cumulatif. Nous proposons alors un algorithme récursif d'extraction des lignes de niveaux simple et efficace qui extrait les lignes par groupes rectiligne appelés ``segments''. Les segments sont ensuite groupés -- sous contrainte de proximité -- en fonction du modèle de transformation recherchée et afin de faciliter le calcul des invariants. Les primitives construites ont alors la forme de Z, Y ou W et sont classées en fonction de leur fiabilité, ce qui participe au paramétrage du processus de décision cumulatif. Le vote est multi-tours et constitué d'une phase préliminaire de construction de listes de préférences inspiré de la technique des mariages stables. Les primitives votent à une itération donnée en fonction de leur fiabilité. Chaque itération fournit ainsi un estimé de la transformation recherchée que le tour suivant peut raffiner. Ce procédé multi-tours permet, de ce fait, d'éliminer les ambiguïtés d'appariement générées par les motifs répétitifs présents dans les images. Notre approche a été validée pour recaler des images sous différents modèles de transformations allant de la plus simple (similarité) à la plus complexe (projective). Nous montrons dans cette thèse comment le choix pertinent de primitives basées sur les lignes de niveaux en conjonction avec un processus de décision cumulatif permet d'obtenir une méthode de recalage d'images robuste, générique et complète, fournissant alors différents niveaux de précision et pouvant ainsi s'appliquer à différents contextes
In this thesis, we propose a new image registration method that relies on level-line primitives. Level-lines are robust towards contrast changes and proposed primitives inherit their robustness. Moreover, their abundance in the image is well adapted to a cumulative matching process based on a multi-stage primitive election procedure. We propose a simple recursive tracking algorithm to extract level lines by straight sets called "segments". Segments are then grouped under proximity constraints to construct primitives (Z, Y and W shapes) that are classified into categories according to their reliability. Primitive shapes are defined according to the transformation model. The cumulative process is based on a preliminary step of preference lists construction that is inspired from the stable marriage matching algorithm. Primitives vote in a given voting stage according to their reliability. Each stage provides a coarse estimate of the transformation that the next stage gets to refine. This process, in turn, eliminate gradually the ambiguity happened by incorrect correspondences. Our additional contribution is to validate further geometric transformations, from simple to complex ones, completing the path "similarity, affine, projective". We show in this thesis how the choice of level lines in conjunction with a cumulative decision process allows defining a complete robust registration approach that is tested and evaluated on several real image sequences including different type of transformations
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Fučík, Jan. "Analýza látek uvolněných z kompozitního zubního materiálu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-444545.

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This master's thesis deals with a present problem of alternative dental fillings, which should replace amalgam fillings. Although there are health concerns about these alternative materials, especially resin composite fillings raise concerns, because they release potentionally harmful substances into the oral cavity. Accordingly even this medical device subjects various tests before releasing to the commercial market and one of these tests was carried out according to ČSN EN ISO 10993 and available scientific literature in the experimental part of this thesis. The amalgam controversy, substances used for manufacturing of resin dental fillings and analytical methods are described in the theoretical part of the thesis. In the experimental part of the thesis, 30 days long cumulative extraction experiments were carried out into various extraction mediums in order to assess suitability of new dental resin filling from ADM, a.s. by comparison with commercially available dental material from company GC EUROPE N.V. These samples were analysed by LC-MS and the amount of eluted substances from dental composites to extraction medium was quantified.
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Book chapters on the topic "Cumulative extraction"

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Abraham, Prigish George, M. S. Sinith, and A. R. Jayan. "Cumulative Impulse Strength Based Epoch Extraction from Singing Voice." In Intelligent Human Computer Interaction, 93–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04021-5_9.

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Lazonick, William, and Jang-Sup Shin. "Reversing Predatory Value Extraction." In Predatory Value Extraction, 192–206. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198846772.003.0008.

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This concluding chapter suggests the following changes in the United States’ corporate-governance regime that can get its economy back on the path to sustainable prosperity: (1) rescind SEC Rule 10b-18 and ban open-market stock repurchases; (2) redesign executive pay to incentivize and reward value creation, not value extraction; (3) reconstitute corporate boards of directors to include to include representatives of households as workers, as taxpayers, and as savers as well as households as founders—and exclude the predatory value extractors; (4) reform the corporate tax system so that it returns profits to taxpaying households and funds government spending on infrastructure and knowledge for the next generation of innovative products; (5) redeploy corporate profits and productive capabilities to support collective and cumulative careers, and thus enable widespread upward socioeconomic mobility.
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"Cumulative effects in differential argument encoding and long-distance extraction." In Case, Agreement, and their Interactions, 27–76. De Gruyter, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110666137-004.

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Mubanga Chisenga, Shadrack. "Primary Quality Control Parameters of Cassava Raw Materials." In Cassava - Biology, Production, and Use. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97879.

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Fresh cassava roots are transformed into shelf stable raw materials (flours and extracted starches). Chemical composition (moisture, protein, lipid, fibre and amylose content, cyanide contents), dry matter, starch extraction yields, particle size distribution and whiteness index are some of the quality characteristic requirements for selection of varieties in breeding programs, and raw materials for industrial processes. Starch yields ranges 20–35%, and vary with genotype. The crude protein (1–2%) and crude fat (∼1%) are considered minor components of cassava and are indicative of the poor nutritional quality. The cumulative of particles passing finer than sieve (D90) is commonly selected for industrial applications because it yields a large proportion of flour in the range 90–96% finer particle than sieve size. The amylose is the main genetic trait for categorising starches into waxy, semi-waxy, normal/regular and high amylose types when amylose content is 0–2, 3–15, 16–35, and > 35% of the total starch, respectively. Additionally, amylose is basic criteria for blending flours of different botanical sources. Cassava varieties are classified as sweet and bitter varieties when cyanide values are in the range 15–50 and 50–400 ppm, respectively. The a* (redness-greenness) and b* (yellowish) are considered as impurities in white fleshed cassava.
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Pandey, Sanjeev, Randall Cox, and Steven Flook. "Cumulative Groundwater Impact Assessment and Management – An Example in Practice." In Groundwater [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95278.

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Production of coal seam gas (CSG), or coal bed methane, requires large-scale depressurisation of a target formation by extracting groundwater, which, in turn, has the potential to affect overlying and underlying aquifers. This leads to wide-ranging stakeholder concerns around the impacts on groundwater assets such as water supply bores, groundwater-dependent ecosystems and connected watercourses. Around 2010, the CSG industry in Queensland, Australia grew rapidly with the expansion of operations in the Surat and Bowen basins by multiple operators. This particularly raised concerns about the cumulative effects, because the target coal seams are part of the Great Artesian Basin – one of the world’s largest aquifers. To respond to this challenge, an innovative framework was developed to provide for an independent cumulative impact assessment and to set up arrangements for managing those impacts. This chapter describes the main thrust of that framework.
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Mosharraf Hossain Bhuiyan, Md, Fahmid Kabir, Md Serajum Manir, Md Saifur Rahaman, Md Robiul Hossain, Prosenjit Barua, Bikram Ghosh, et al. "Effect of Combination of Natural Dyes and the Blocking Layer on the Performance of DSSC." In Solar Cells [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94760.

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Over the years, researchers have been working on replacing sensitized dye for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC), because of its low production cost, biodegradability, and non-toxicity. However, the overall performance of natural dye-based DSSCs is low compared to the DSSCs sensitized with Ruthenium based dyes. The combination of natural dyes with an optimized choice of the extracting solvents and the proper volume ratio of mixture of the dyes, enhances inherent properties, such as absorption and adsorption of the dyes. It also allows the device to utilize photon energy more efficiently over the entire visible wavelength. As a result, DSSC sensitized with the dye mixture shows higher absorbance, and cumulative absorption properties over the whole visible region than the DSSC fabricated with individual dyes and showed higher photocurrent. Another effective way to improve cell efficiency is by using a blocking layer. The blocking layer increases the photocurrent, is mainly due to the improvement of the electron recombination at the transparent conducting oxide/electrolyte interfaces. Also, the blocking layer’s compact structure creates an effective pathway for electron transportation; thus, the device’s photocurrent increases. Additionally, a slight improvement in the open-circuit voltage and fill factor was observed, thus cell efficiency enhances significantly. By both the proper ratio of dye mixture and the blocking layer improves cell performance of DSSC and opens a new pathway for future studies.
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"when only limited sample sizes are available from the plant breeder. Some millers prefer batch-operated experimental mills such as the Allis-Chalmers or Ross Mill Stands because the milling procedure can be adjusted at each stage on the basis of a visual examination, the yields, and stock quality throughout the mill flow. When evaluating the results of experimental milling, two factors are usually considered: flour extraction (the percentage of the wheat recovered as flour) and flour ash. The lower the flour ash and the brighter the flour color, the more desirable the wheat for milling. The following two formulas are used to evaluate wheat milling quality from experimental milling data [40]: Milling rating = % extraction of straight grade flour — (ash x 100) FIGURE 5 The Brabender Quadrumat Junior laboratory mill. (Courtesy of C. W. Brabender Instruments Co., South Hacken-sack, NJ.) Milling value = % extraction of straight grade flour — Kent Jones flour color Higher milling ratings and milling values are preferred. The milling quality of different wheats can also be judged by comparing their cumulative ash curves [28]. Cumula-tive ash curves are constructed by arranging mill streams in ascending order of ash on a constant moisture basis and by plotting cumulative ash against cumulative extraction for each successive blend of millstreams. Wheats that ex-hibit the lowest initial flour ash and the slowest rate of ash increase with increasing flour extraction are preferred. The results of this comparison can be expressed in terms of a single numerical score, the curve index. A line is drawn from the 30% extraction point on the cumulative curve to the 70% extraction point (Fig. 6). The distance on the 50% extraction level from the curve to the drawn line, when measured at right angle to the line, is called depth, D. It is used in the calculation of the curve index: FIGURE 4 The Brabender Quadrumat Senior laboratory mill. (Courtesy of C. W. Brabender Instruments Co., South Hacken-Curve index = L — 2D sack, NJ.) where L is the length of the line between the 30% and 70%." In Handbook of Cereal Science and Technology, Revised and Expanded, 531–36. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420027228-52.

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"through tubing and fittings made of PTFE. Analysis was undertaken by the Warren Spring Laboratory of the Department of Trade and Industry, according to the method described by Bailey and Bedbo rough The results are shown in Table IV. and plotted in Fig. 3. and 4. Table IV. Variation of odour strength of extracted samples with volune of eluted air Volume of air Strength of odour samples passing through (dilutions) sludge before sampling (1/1) Raw sludge Digested sludge 0 154 000 9 900 11.1 53 000 350 22.2 30 600 270 55.6 15 500 190 111 8 200 160 It is clear from these results that there is considerable die-off of odour strength with time, and that, as would be expected, the anaerobic digestion of sludge can reduce the odour potential by at least one order of magnitude. To illustrate the importance of this die-off effect, the results have been re-plotted in Fig. 5. in a cunulative form; that is to say as cumulative percentage of the eventual colour release against volume of air. In the case of the raw sewage sludge, 38% of the ultimate odour was carried in the first odour sample, and 90% of the odour had been extracted by the passage of about 200 1. In the case of the anaerobically digested sludge, the same effect is much more marked; 72% of the ultimate odour was carried by the first sample, and thereafter the strength of the odour fell off very rapidly. There are two possible explanations for this. First, it can be postulated that as it is known that many of the important odorous chemical species are highly volatile, they may be only physically trapped in the sludge, and need little encouragement to transfer to the atmosphere. An alternative explanation concerns the existence of two equilibria. As the vapour/liquid equilibrium is disturbed by the passage of air, the concentration of dissolved compounds in the liquid phase falls, disturbing the ’solid’/liquid equilibrium The kinetics of transfer across this latter phase boundary are much slower than for the liquid/vapour transfer, so that the extraction of odour becomes limited by the rate of diffusion into the liquid phase. Two observations may be cited as evidence for this latter view. First, when sludge is applied to land, there is a rapid tail-off of odour nuisance after spreading. Hie incidence of rain after a dry period is known to result in an increased evolution of odour. Second, in earlier experiments samples of sludge were centrifuged, and the supernatant liquor discarded and replaced by tap water, before being used in the standard odour potential test. Some re-extraction of odour from the samples was rapidly found. In practice, both postulated mechanisms are probably at work, especially if the concept of ’solid/liquid equilibrium’ be extended to." In Odour Prevention and Control of Organic Sludge and Livestock Farming, 152. CRC Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482286311-64.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cumulative extraction"

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Harisudha, K., S. Dhanalakshmi, and M. Madhusoodhanan. "Implementation of sub band coding and pitch extraction using cumulative impulse strength." In 2017 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wispnet.2017.8299938.

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Ma, Zhixin, and Taishan Chu. "The BCG signal feature extraction and recognition based on the cumulative residual entropy." In 2013 2nd International Symposium on Instrumentation & Measurement, Sensor Network and Automation (IMSNA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imsna.2013.6743330.

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Sushil Kumar Paul, Mohammad Shorif Uddin, and Saida Bouakaz. "Extraction of facial feature points using cumulative distribution function by varying single threshold group." In 2012 International Conference on Informatics, Electronics & Vision (ICIEV). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciev.2012.6317366.

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Javed, Kamran, Rafael Gouriveau, Noureddine Zerhouni, and Patrick Nectoux. "A feature extraction procedure based on trigonometric functions and cumulative descriptors to enhance prognostics modeling." In 2013 IEEE Conference on Prognostics and Health Management (PHM). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icphm.2013.6621413.

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Samanta, B., and C. Nataraj. "Intrinsic Mode Decomposition of Physiological Signals for Feature Extraction." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86806.

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This paper presents a study for extracting features from physiological signals using intrinsic mode decomposition. The complex, nonlinear and non-stationary biomedical signals are first decomposed into intrinsic mode functions (IMF). Next each IMF is subjected to morphological signal processing (MSP) for extracting features, namely, pattern spectrum entropy (PSEn), that characterize the shape-size complexity of the component signals. These along with other features like energy (E) and sample entropy (SampEn) are extracted from the individual IMF as well as the cumulative sums of IMF for characterizing the signals. The procedure is illustrated using heart sound signals digitally recorded during cardiac auscultation representing different cardiac conditions. The study examines the effectiveness of IMF based features in the assessment of cardiac state.
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Adamović, Savka, Ivan Pinćjer, Bojan Banjanin, Stefan Đurđević, and Nada Miketić. "The evaluation of the organic load of the waste offset developer with extraction methods." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p20.

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The validation of the extraction method is significant for the characterization of the offset effluent and the selection of an adequate effluent treatment for its safe disposal in a printing environment. For the aforementioned reasons, the qualitative characterization of the organic load profile of the waste offset developer was evaluated based on the application of two liquid/liquid (L/L) extraction methods. The gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) method was used for the qualitative detection of the organic compounds present in the offset effluent. The cumulative qualitative GC/MS profile of organic substances in the waste offset developer indicates that the effluent contains 69 organic compounds with a probability of presence higher than 70% according to the AMDIS software and the NIST database.
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Bhowmick, Paulomi, Anisha Banerjee, Debangshu Dey, and Sugata Munshi. "Cross Teager-Kaiser Energy Operator based Feature Extraction Method for Gait Recognition from Cumulative Foot Pressure Images." In 2018 IEEE Applied Signal Processing Conference (ASPCON). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aspcon.2018.8748726.

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Matsuda, Kazuki, and Koji Gotoh. "Numerical Simulation of Fatigue Crack Propagation Under Simulated Whipping Loading Arising in Hull Structures." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10985.

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Fatigue crack propagation behavior under simulated whipping loadings which contain two different frequency components is highlighted. Numerical simulation of fatigue crack propagation based on an advanced fracture mechanics approach using the RPG (Re-tensile Plastic zone Generating) stress criterion for fatigue crack propagation is improved to enable the extraction of the effective loading history. The critical value of the plastic hysteresis for the stress versus strain relationship occurring in the vicinity of a crack tip is defined as the control parameter for extracting the effective loading history. Comparison of fatigue crack propagation curves obtained from the improved numerical simulations with the measurements which were conducted by Sumi (2010) is performed. These comparisons show the validity of the proposed procedure for extracting the effective loading history from the superposed loading history containing different frequencies. In addition, imperfection of the S-N curves approach, which corresponds to the combination of the linear cumulative damage law and the loading cycle count by the rain flow method, is conducted.
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Ramanujachar, Kartik. "Case Studies of the Use of Image Processing in Metrology and Failure Analysis." In ISTFA 2005. ASM International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2005p0178.

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Abstract This paper describes the use of image processing techniques in metrology and failure analysis with the help of three case studies. The first study concerns a technique that significantly automates the process and hence enables both a rapid and accurate extraction of cumulative distribution function for transistor CD through the use of edge detection and quantification of image intensities. The second study is about utilizing a cross correlation algorithm and an appropriately chosen sample and image to estimate the "on image" spatial resolution of an scanning electron microscope. The last case study uses image data acquired with an atomic force microscope. The paper describes how information theoretic concepts like entropy and mutual information combined with image segmentation and nearest neighbor extraction can be used to isolate those regions of the AFM scan that can potentially benefit from further analysis.
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Spencer, Sierra, Malia Scott, and Nelson Macken. "A Life Cycle Assessment of Biofuel Produced From Waste Cooking Oil." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86301.

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Biofuels have received considerable attention as a more sustainable solution for heating applications. Used vegetable oil, normally considered a waste product, has been suggested as a possible candidate. Herein we perform a life cycle assessment to determine the environmental impact of using waste vegetable oil as a fuel. We present a cradle to fuel model that includes the following unit processes: soybean farming, soy oil refining, the cooking process, cleaning/drying waste oil, preheating the oil in a centralized heating facility and transportation when required. For soybean farming, national historical data for yields, energy required for machinery, fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium), herbicides, pesticides and nitrous oxide production are considered. In soy oil refining, steam production using natural gas and electricity for machinery are considered inputs. Preprocessing, extraction using hexane and post processing are considered. In order to determine a mass balance for the cooking operation, oil carryout and waste oil removal are estimated. During waste oil processing, oil is filtered and water removed. Data from GREET is used to compute global warming potential (GWP) and energy consumption in terms of cumulative energy demand (CED). Mass allocation is applied to the soy meal produced in refining and oil utilized for cooking. Results are discussed with emphasis on improving sustainability. A comparison is made to traditional fuels, e.g., commercial fuel oil and natural gas. The production of WVO as fuel has significantly less global warming potential but higher cumulative energy consumption than traditional fuels. The study should provide useful information on the sustainability of using waste cooking oil as a fuel for heating.
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Reports on the topic "Cumulative extraction"

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Stall, Nathan M., Kevin A. Brown, Antonina Maltsev, Aaron Jones, Andrew P. Costa, Vanessa Allen, Adalsteinn D. Brown, et al. COVID-19 and Ontario’s Long-Term Care Homes. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.07.1.0.

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Key Message Ontario long-term care (LTC) home residents have experienced disproportionately high morbidity and mortality, both from COVID-19 and from the conditions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. There are several measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes, if implemented. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Third, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by approaches that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Summary Background The Province of Ontario has 626 licensed LTC homes and 77,257 long-stay beds; 58% of homes are privately owned, 24% are non-profit/charitable, 16% are municipal. LTC homes were strongly affected during Ontario’s first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Questions What do we know about the first and second waves of COVID-19 in Ontario LTC homes? Which risk factors are associated with COVID-19 outbreaks in Ontario LTC homes and the extent and death rates associated with outbreaks? What has been the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the general health and wellbeing of LTC residents? How has the existing Ontario evidence on COVID-19 in LTC settings been used to support public health interventions and policy changes in these settings? What are the further measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes? Findings As of January 14, 2021, a total of 3,211 Ontario LTC home residents have died of COVID-19, totaling 60.7% of all 5,289 COVID-19 deaths in Ontario to date. There have now been more cumulative LTC home outbreaks during the second wave as compared with the first wave. The infection and death rates among LTC residents have been lower during the second wave, as compared with the first wave, and a greater number of LTC outbreaks have involved only staff infections. The growth rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC residents was slower during the first two months of the second wave in September and October 2020, as compared with the first wave. However, the growth rate after the two-month mark is comparatively faster during the second wave. The majority of second wave infections and deaths in LTC homes have occurred between December 1, 2020, and January 14, 2021 (most recent date of data extraction prior to publication). This highlights the recent intensification of the COVID-19 pandemic in LTC homes that has mirrored the recent increase in community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 across Ontario. Evidence from Ontario demonstrates that the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and subsequent deaths in LTC are distinct from the risk factors for outbreaks and deaths in the community (Figure 1). The most important risk factors for whether a LTC home will experience an outbreak is the daily incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the communities surrounding the home and the occurrence of staff infections. The most important risk factors for the magnitude of an outbreak and the number of resulting resident deaths are older design, chain ownership, and crowding. Figure 1. Anatomy of Outbreaks and Spread of COVID-19 in LTC Homes and Among Residents Figure from Peter Hamilton, personal communication. Many Ontario LTC home residents have experienced severe and potentially irreversible physical, cognitive, psychological, and functional declines as a result of precautionary public health interventions imposed on homes, such as limiting access to general visitors and essential caregivers, resident absences, and group activities. There has also been an increase in the prescribing of psychoactive drugs to Ontario LTC residents. The accumulating evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been leveraged in several ways to support public health interventions and policy during the pandemic. Ontario evidence showed that SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC staff was associated with subsequent COVID-19 deaths among LTC residents, which motivated a public order to restrict LTC staff from working in more than one LTC home in the first wave. Emerging Ontario evidence on risk factors for LTC home outbreaks and deaths has been incorporated into provincial pandemic surveillance tools. Public health directives now attempt to limit crowding in LTC homes by restricting occupancy to two residents per room. The LTC visitor policy was also revised to designate a maximum of two essential caregivers who can visit residents without time limits, including when a home is experiencing an outbreak. Several further measures could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by measures that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Third, LTC homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Other important issues include improved prevention and detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in LTC staff, enhanced infection prevention and control (IPAC) capacity within the LTC homes, a more balanced and nuanced approach to public health measures and IPAC strategies in LTC homes, strategies to promote vaccine acceptance amongst residents and staff, and further improving data collection on LTC homes, residents, staff, visitors and essential caregivers for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interpretation Comparisons of the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in the LTC setting reveal improvement in some but not all epidemiological indicators. Despite this, the second wave is now intensifying within LTC homes and without action we will likely experience a substantial additional loss of life before the widespread administration and time-dependent maximal effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. The predictors of outbreaks, the spread of infection, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes are well documented and have remained unchanged between the first and the second wave. Some of the evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been effectively leveraged to support public health interventions and policies. Several further measures, if implemented, have the potential to prevent additional LTC home COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths.
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