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Journal articles on the topic "Cumulative case study"
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Mirahmadizadeh, Alireza, Mousa Ghelichi-Ghojogh, Kimia Jokari, Sanaz Amiri, Leila Moftakhar, Mohammad Javad Moradian, Mohammad Habibi, et al. "Correlation Between Diabetes and COVID-19 Indices: A Global Level Ecological Study." SAGE Open Nursing 9 (January 2023): 237796082311654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23779608231165485.
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Introduction Coronavirus is threatening the global public health as a new and widespread crisis. The researchers must keep in mind that one of the most vulnerable groups to COVID-19 are the people with underlying diseases, especially diabetes. Objective This ecological study aimed to investigate the correlation between diabetes and the epidemiological indices of COVID-19. Methods This ecological study included 144 countries. Their available data consists of the cumulative incidence rate of cases, cumulative incidence rate of death, recovery rate, case fatality rate, and performed tests of COVID-19, and diabetes. To collect the variables, a data set was provided which included the information of 144 countries based on diabetes and COVID-19 indices. Spearman coefficients were used for assess correlation between diabetes and COVID-19 indices. Also, Scatter plots of diabetes for the studied countries were drawn based on cumulative incidence rate of cases, cumulative incidence rate of death, tests, recovery rate, and case fatality rate of COVID-19. Results The results of this ecological study showed in total countries, there was a weak positive correlation between diabetes and cumulative incidence rate of cases and also cumulative incidence rate of death. Correlation between diabetes with test of COVID-19 was very weak. Scatter plots showed a weak liner correlation between diabetes and cumulative incidence rate of cases, cumulative incidence rate of death and test of COVID-19. Conclusions In this study, there was a weak positive correlation between diabetes and cumulative incidence rate of cases, cumulative incidence rate of death, and performed test of COVID-19. This disease is an enormous challenge for health policymakers; therefore, it is necessary to develop strategies and practical guidelines specific to each region to take the necessary care, especially for diabetic patients.
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Eftestøl, Sindre, Diress Tsegaye, Kjetil Flydal, and Jonathan E. Colman. "Cumulative effects of infrastructure and human disturbance: a case study with reindeer." Landscape Ecology 36, no. 9 (May 31, 2021): 2673–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-021-01263-1.
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Abstract Context Within Rangifer ranges, many studies focus on expanding infrastructure and human activity negatively influencing habitat use. Little documentation exists on how disturbances act in synergy (i.e. cumulative effects), nor methods to test such effects. Objectives (1) Investigate how cumulative disturbance at different distances affects reindeer habitat use and (2) at what disturbance levels and distances loss of habitat functionality occurs. Methods Disturbance intensity levels for trails and infrastructure were based on expected amount of human activity, on a scale from 1 to 6. To test cumulative disturbance, we adapted the multi-grain method and summed-up disturbance intensity levels within “disturbance distance intervals” (0–0.25, 0.25–1, 1–2 km, etc. instead of 0–0.25, 0–1, 0–2 km, etc.), and tested reindeers’ avoidance using GPS data for 2011–2018. Results We found decreased habitat use within 0.25 km with increasing cumulative disturbance for snow free and winter seasons. For spring, a similar effect occurred up to 1 km. Reductions in use in areas with highest cumulative disturbance within these zones were between 92 and 98%. Strongest avoidance during spring supports previous studies. Comparatively, the multi-grain approach showed negative effects up to 3 km. Conclusions Our approach provides novel results and precisely estimates where cumulative effects actually occur. Reindeer in our study tolerate low intensities of human disturbance, while further increase in disturbance intensity reduces habitat functionality. We suggest clustering future human developments within areas of high disturbance, i.e. where functional habitat use is already lost or highly reduced. Our method can be used for other areas and species.
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Bohnen, Nicolaas I. L. J., Mark A. Warner, Emre Kokmen, C. Mary Beard, and Leonard T. Kurland. "Alzheimer's Disease and Cumulative Exposure to Anesthesia: A Case-Control Study." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 42, no. 2 (February 1994): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1994.tb04952.x.
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Fox, Mary A. "Evaluating cumulative risk assessment for environmental justice: a community case study." Environmental Health Perspectives 110, suppl 2 (April 2002): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.02110s2203.
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Bravo-Egana, Valia, Steven Heron, and Dimitri S. Monos. "P197 Cumulative weak HLA antibodies. relevant or not. A case study." Human Immunology 78 (September 2017): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2017.06.257.
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TaHa, Basirah, and Lora Peppard. "Managing Substance Use and Emotions in the Context of Trauma: A Case Study." Journal of Doctoral Nursing Practice 9, no. 1 (2016): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2380-9418.9.1.55.
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The reciprocal interaction between substance use, trauma, and emotions is well documented. Trauma is associated with neuroendocrine and neurobiological dysfunction and the subsequent development of psychopathology in adults. Cumulative trauma triggers, aggravates, and increases the recurrence of psychiatric symptoms. Individuals suffering the psychiatric sequelae of cumulative trauma have a more complex clinical profile, ultimately resulting in worse treatment outcomes. Limited guidance exists in the form of treatment guidelines or clinical evidence on the management of substance use and emotions in the context of trauma. This article chronicles one patient’s experience with cumulative trauma, depression, anxiety, and iatrogenic opioid dependence. The authors review the impact of trauma on brain function and discuss evidence and treatment strategies engaged in the management of this patient.
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Martinez, B., R. Demafelis, J. Alcantara, A. E. Matanguihan, B. Magadia, F. J. Echavez, and S. A. Frogoso. "Life Cycle Assessment of Blended Cement Product: A Case Study." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1318, no. 1 (October 1, 2024): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1318/1/012025.
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Abstract Large-scale cement production has led to serious environmental issues since the process is energy and resource intensive. Moreover, the cement industry is one of the sources of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. As a matter of fact, in the Philippines, the CO2 emission increased by 88.23% in over a decade. Hence, this research conducted a life cycle assessment of blended cement products in a cement manufacturing facility in Bulacan, Philippines from cradle to gate. The research utilized functional units of one metric ton of clinker, and one metric ton of blended cement. For the life cycle assessment (LCA), SimaPro 9.3.0.3 software was employed, and the impact assessment was conducted using the IPCC 2021 Global Warming Potential (GWP) at a 100-year timeframe and the Cumulative Energy Demand Method. Results of the research showed that the baseline carbon footprint and cumulative energy demand for the clinker are 995 kg CO2-eqv and 4.74 x 103 MJ, respectively. Also, the baseline carbon footprint and cumulative energy demand for the blended cement are 760 kg CO2-eqv and 4.13 x 103 MJ, respectively. Further, the evaluation of the carbon footprint of clinker, and blended cement in this research is comparable with the results from similar studies, with slight variation on certain instances. The energy utilization in the production of clinker, and blended cement in this research is significantly lower than the result of other studies
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Neugebauer, Maciej, Adam Żebrowski, and Ogulcan Esmer. "Cumulative Emissions of CO2 for Electric and Combustion Cars: A Case Study on Specific Models." Energies 15, no. 7 (April 6, 2022): 2703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072703.
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This work includes calculations of the cumulative CO2 emissions of two comparable cars—the VW Golf VII—one with a combustion engine and the other with an electric motor. Calculation of CO2 emissions was performed, taking into account the stages of production, utilization and use of the above-mentioned vehicles. For the use phase, it was assumed that the total mileage of the car will be 150,000 km over 10 years. For the electric vehicle, calculations were made assuming five different sources of electricity (from coal only, from natural gas only, from PV and wind turbines, an average mix of European power sources and an average mix of Polish power sources; W1–W5 designations, respectively). For individual sources of electricity, cumulative CO2 emissions were taken into account, that is, resulting both from the production of electricity and the use of the resources (for example, technical service per 1 kWh of electricity produced). The obtained results of the analysis show that for the adopted assumptions regarding operation, for variants W2–W5, the use of an electric car results in lower cumulative CO2 emission than a the use of a combustion car. For a combustion car, the value was 37,000 kg-CO2, and for an electric car, depending on the variant, the value was 43, 31, 16, 23 and 34 thousand kg-CO2 for variants W1 to W5, respectively. Based on the emissions results obtained for individual stages of the use of selected vehicles, a comparative analysis of cumulative CO2 emissions was performed. The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether the replacement of an existing combustion car (that has already been manufactured; therefore, this part of the analysis does not include CO2 emissions in the production stage) with a new electric car, which has to be manufactured, therefore associated with additional CO2 emissions, would reduce cumulative CO2 emissions. Considering three adopted average annual car mileages (3000, 7500 and 15,000 km) and the previously described power options (W1–W5), we sought an answer as to whether the use of a new electric car would be burdened with lower cumulative CO2 emissions. In this case we assumed an analysis time of 15 years. For the worst variant from the point of view of CO2 emissions (W1, electricity from coal power sources only), further use of a combustion car is associated with lower cumulative CO2 emissions than the purchase of a new electric car over the entire analyzed period of 15 years. In turn, for the most advantageous variant (W3, electricity from PV or wind power sources) with an annual mileage of 3000 km, the purchase of a new electric car results in higher cumulative CO2 emissions throughout the analyzed period, whereas for an annual milage of 7500 or 15,000 km, replacing the car with an electric car “pays back” in terms of cumulative CO2 emissions after 8.5 or 4 years, respectively.
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Zhu, Ping. "Application of the Exergy Method to Environmental Impact Assessment: The Heat Exchange Process as a Case Study." Advanced Materials Research 549 (July 2012): 927–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.927.
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This paper focuses on evaluation of the heat exchange process based on cumulative exergy analysis method. The case study chosen is the countercurrent heat exchange process that is widely used in the industrial processes. The optimal design is achieved by minimizing the annual total cumulative exergy consumption of the cold stream. The natural resource-oriented mathematical models are established in details. Obviously, the results from cumulative exergy optimization are imposed by the present state of the technology compared with the ones from thermoeconomics
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Ahammed, M. Alauddin, and Susan L. Tighe. "Concrete pavement surface textures and multivariables frictional performance analysis: a North American case study." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 35, no. 7 (July 2008): 727–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l08-025.
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Concrete pavements are well known for long structural life. The major challenge, however, is to provide a durable surface with adequate skid resistance for economy and safety. This paper examines the long-term frictional performance of eight different surface textures on 197 sections of concrete pavements within the long-term pavement performance (LTPP) program database. Analysis shows that tined and (or) grooved textures maintain consistently higher skid resistance over time and the surface friction of concrete pavements is less sensitive to ambient temperature. Cumulative traffic passes are more sensitive to longevity of friction than the cumulative axle loads. Five alternative models have also been successfully developed for prediction of the long-term skid resistance of concrete pavements as a function of texture type, cumulative traffic passes, speed, and concrete compressive strength. These models were shown to be statistically significant at 95% confidence levels with reasonable prediction accuracy.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cumulative case study"
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Alzubaidi, Samirah Hamid. "A case study on cumulative logit models with low frequency and mixed effects." Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38252.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Statistics
Perla E. Reyes Cuellar
Data with ordinal responses may be encountered in many research fields, such as social, medical, agriculture or financial sciences. In this paper, we present a case study on cumulative logit models with low frequency and mixed effects and discuss some strengths and limitations of the current methodology. Two plant pathologists requested our statistical advice to fit a cumulative logit mixed model seeking for the effect of six commercial products on the control of a seed and seedling disease in soybeans in vitro. In their attempt to estimate the model parameters using a generalized linear mixed model approach with PROC GLIMMIX, the model failed to converge. Three alternative approaches to solve the problem were examined: 1) stratifying the data searching for the random effect; 2) assuming the random effect would be small and reducing the model to a fixed model; and 3) combining the original categories of the response variable to a lower number of categories. In addition, we conducted a power analysis to evaluate the required sample size to detect treatment differences. The results of all the proposed solutions were similar. Collapsing categories for a cumulative/proportional odds model has little effect on estimation. The sample size used in the case study is enough to detect a large shift of frequencies between categories, but not for moderated changes. Moreover, we do not have enough information to estimate a random effect. Even when it is present, the results regarding the fixed factors: pathogen, evaluation day, and treatment effects are the same as the obtained by the fixed model alternatives. All six products had a significant effect in slowing the effect of the pathogen, but the effects vary between pathogen species and assessment timing or date.
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Fivaz, Karin. "Cumulative effects in environmental impact assessment (EIA) : Durban Harbour case study / by Karin Fivaz." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/3708.
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Bragagnolo, Chiara. "Improving the consideration of cumulative effects in Strategic Environmental Assessment of spatial plans: A case study in the peri-urban region of Milan." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368792.
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Most of the significant changes on the environment have resulted from individually minor but collectively significant human actions and decisions. This kind of consequences has been defined Cumulative Effects (CE) and their systematic consideration can be attributed to the scientific basis and institutional context of Environmental Assessment (EA) theory and practice. However, although Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) has been largely recognised as one of the most appropriate procedure to support spatial and land use plans in managing CE; the advancement in integrating the assessment of CE into SEA practice has been often stated slow to evolve, suggesting a gap between SEA theory and practice in treating cumulative effects and confirming that further investigation on this subject is required.
This research aimed to propose and apply a methodological approach to improve the consideration of CE in SEA of spatial plans, by focusing on the Italian spatial planning system and urban regions. It was developed according to the main findings and shortcomings emerging from the academic literature and the exploration of SEA practice through: an international expert survey; a systematic review of SEA documents; and a couple of real-life SEA case studies following during the research period. Among the most important were: the lack of scoping of relevant resources (or Valued Ecosystem Component); the scarce exploration of future decisions and consequences; and the requirement of a more evidence-based assessment of CE.
The methodological approach was then developed for SEA of regional spatial plans, consisting of four main tasks: the selection of significant valued resources; the identification of other relevant decisions (projects, plans and policies) which together with the spatial plan could contribute to CE; the generation of land use scenarios; and the prediction of CE through indicators.
Then, the methodological approach was tested in a case study selected within the peri-urban region of Milan, representing one of the most urbanised and industrialised part of Italy, with significant urban pressures on existing protected areas and remaining rural patches. Firstly, the regional green infrastructure was selected as the most important regional valued resource (or VEC); then, three important ‘future policies’ were identified (i.e. highway transportation corridor, protected areas conservation plans, and rural policies). Subsequently, a set of future land use scenarios were developed and made spatially explicit, starting from a couple of regional land use maps. Then, the regional cumulative effects on the selected valued resource (e.g. habitat fragmentation, surface runoff, etc.) were assessed against a range of future conditions through a core set of indicators, mainly quantitative and spatially explicit, simulating relevant environmental processes, such as hydrological cycle, local surface temperature, ecological connectivity. They were all selected and computed starting from land cover data, allowing the combined effects to be quantified and land use scenarios to be compared. The results mainly showed that the method provided an applicable means to, firstly, transfer policies and decisions into maps, and then, predict their combined effects on selected VEC. Moreover, it can be straightforwardly included in SEA of regional spatial plans in order to support a more evidence-based CE analysis, by adding spatial thinking to decision-makers and improving the understanding and the perception of the cumulative consequences of their “minor†decisions under uncertain future policy contexts.
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Bragagnolo, Chiara. "Improving the consideration of cumulative effects in Strategic Environmental Assessment of spatial plans: A case study in the peri-urban region of Milan." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2011. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/546/1/PhD_Thesis_BragagnoloChiara.pdf.
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Most of the significant changes on the environment have resulted from individually minor but collectively significant human actions and decisions. This kind of consequences has been defined Cumulative Effects (CE) and their systematic consideration can be attributed to the scientific basis and institutional context of Environmental Assessment (EA) theory and practice. However, although Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) has been largely recognised as one of the most appropriate procedure to support spatial and land use plans in managing CE; the advancement in integrating the assessment of CE into SEA practice has been often stated slow to evolve, suggesting a gap between SEA theory and practice in treating cumulative effects and confirming that further investigation on this subject is required.
This research aimed to propose and apply a methodological approach to improve the consideration of CE in SEA of spatial plans, by focusing on the Italian spatial planning system and urban regions. It was developed according to the main findings and shortcomings emerging from the academic literature and the exploration of SEA practice through: an international expert survey; a systematic review of SEA documents; and a couple of real-life SEA case studies following during the research period. Among the most important were: the lack of scoping of relevant resources (or Valued Ecosystem Component); the scarce exploration of future decisions and consequences; and the requirement of a more evidence-based assessment of CE.
The methodological approach was then developed for SEA of regional spatial plans, consisting of four main tasks: the selection of significant valued resources; the identification of other relevant decisions (projects, plans and policies) which together with the spatial plan could contribute to CE; the generation of land use scenarios; and the prediction of CE through indicators.
Then, the methodological approach was tested in a case study selected within the peri-urban region of Milan, representing one of the most urbanised and industrialised part of Italy, with significant urban pressures on existing protected areas and remaining rural patches. Firstly, the regional green infrastructure was selected as the most important regional valued resource (or VEC); then, three important ‘future policies’ were identified (i.e. highway transportation corridor, protected areas conservation plans, and rural policies). Subsequently, a set of future land use scenarios were developed and made spatially explicit, starting from a couple of regional land use maps. Then, the regional cumulative effects on the selected valued resource (e.g. habitat fragmentation, surface runoff, etc.) were assessed against a range of future conditions through a core set of indicators, mainly quantitative and spatially explicit, simulating relevant environmental processes, such as hydrological cycle, local surface temperature, ecological connectivity. They were all selected and computed starting from land cover data, allowing the combined effects to be quantified and land use scenarios to be compared. The results mainly showed that the method provided an applicable means to, firstly, transfer policies and decisions into maps, and then, predict their combined effects on selected VEC. Moreover, it can be straightforwardly included in SEA of regional spatial plans in order to support a more evidence-based CE analysis, by adding spatial thinking to decision-makers and improving the understanding and the perception of the cumulative consequences of their “minor” decisions under uncertain future policy contexts.
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Khan, Mahmudur Aryan. "A comparative Life Cycle Analysis of new and old designs of crane truck frames : Case study at Vemservice." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-41976.
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The main objective of this Bachelor’s thesis is to investigate and deliver the results of environmental impacts of two different designs of crane truck frames. The aim is to investigate if additional new design of crane truck frames, with less energy and transportation during manufacturing of the crane truck, can improve energy efficiency of crane trucks throughout their lifecycle. Case study object for this report is Vemservice in Vemdalen, Sweden. As basis for the report the The Life Cycle Analysis ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 are used in this report in order to evaluate and compare the environmental impacts related to the lifecycle of new and old designs of 92 tonmeter crane truck frames from cradle to grave. The data was mainly collected and calculated by using the SimaPro software 8.0.5 which is based on the Ecoinvent 3 database. This study mainly analyzes environmental impacts such as GWP (Global Warming Potential), CED (Cumulative Energy Demand) and ReCiPe environmental impacts. The results showed that although new design frame has less transportation and energy demand during the manufacturing phase of the crane truck, the overall life cycle of the new design crane truck frame has higher environmental impacts than the existing old design of the crane truck frame. This is due to that the new design frame is 213kg heavier than the old design frame, which the crane truck is carrying during its using period. This study also investigated whether the new design frame, with stronger steel (Ecoupgraded steel) and a reduction of 15% of the total weight of frame, has a lower environmental impact in the life cycle of the EcoUpgraded steel frame compared to the current new design and old design frames life cycle.2018-06-29
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Lecomte, Louise. "La symbiose féministe, comprendre les initiatives féministes de commoning par l’approche symbiotique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLD027.
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Les initiatives féministes s’organisent pour générer des transformations sociales, maillant différents espaces de cause féministes. Ces initiatives s’apparentent à des processus de commoning multi-acteurs. Nous proposons de développer une approche symbiotique pour analyser ces phénomènes, inspirée de la symbiose industrielle et de l'économie symbiotique. L'étude repose sur quatre cas d'initiatives féministes, analysés qualitativement de manière cumulative pour développer une modélisation de la symbiose féministe. Cette modélisation constitue une théorisation de la symbiose féministe, s’appuyant sur des composants, des mécanismes et des propriétés. Cela permet de définir la symbiose féministe comme une modalité de commoning inter-organisationnel fondée sur une diversité d’acteurs entretenant des relations mutuellement avantageuses au profit d’un commun féministe sur lequel ils s’accordent et qui présente des bénéficiaires (in)direct•e•sFeminist initiatives are organizing to generate social transformations, weaving together various feminist cause spaces. These initiatives resemble multi-actor commoning processes. We propose to develop a symbiotic approach to analyze these phenomena, inspired by industrial symbiosis and symbiotic economics. The study is based on four cases of feminist initiatives and is analyzed qualitatively in a cumulative manner to develop a modeling of feminist symbiosis. This modeling constitutes a theorization of feminist symbiosis, relying on components, mechanisms, and properties. This allows us to define feminist symbiosis as a modality of inter-organizational commoning based on a diversity of actors engaging in mutually beneficial relationships for the benefit of a feminist common that they agree upon, which has (in)direct beneficiaries
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Kumar, Vikas. "An empirical investigation of the linkage between dependability, quality and customer satisfaction in information intensive service firms." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3011.
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The information service sector e.g. utilities, telecommunications and banking has grown rapidly in recent years and is a significant contributor to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the world’s leading economies. Though, the information service sector has grown significantly, there have been relatively few attempts by researchers to explore this sector. The lack of research in this sector has motivated my PhD research that aims to explore the pre-established relationships between dependability, quality and customer satisfaction (RQ1) within the context of information service sector. Literature looking at the interrelationship between the dependability and quality (RQ2a), and their further impact on customer satisfaction (RQ2b) is also limited. With the understanding that Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Customer (B2C) businesses are different, exploring these relationships in these two different types of information firms will further add to existing literature. This thesis also attempts to investigate the relative significance of dependability and quality in both B2B and B2C information service firms (RQ3a and RQ3b). To address these issues, this PhD research follows a theory testing approach and uses multiple case studies to address the research questions. In total five cases from different B2B and B2C information service firms are being investigated. To explore the causality, the time series data set of over 24 to 60 months time and the ‘Path Analysis’ method has been used. For the generalization of the findings, Cumulative Meta Analysis method has been applied. The findings of this thesis indicate that dependability significantly affects customer satisfaction and an interrelationship exists between dependability and quality that further impacts customer satisfaction. The findings from B2C cases challenges the traditional priority afforded to relational aspect of quality by showing that dependability is the key driver of customer satisfaction. However, B2B cases findings shows that both dependability and quality are key drivers of customer satisfaction. Therefore, the findings of this thesis add considerably to literature in B2B and B2C information services context.
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Andoh-Baidoo, Francis Kofi. "An Integrative Approach for Examining the Determinants of Abnormal Returns: The Cases of Internet Security Breach and Ecommerce Initiative." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1249.
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Researchers in various business disciplines use the event study methodology to assess the market value of firms through capital market reaction to news in the public media about the firm's activities. Capital market reaction is assessed based on cumulative abnormal return (sum of abnormal returns over the event window). In this study, the event study methodology is used to assess the impact that two important information technology activities, Internet security breach and ecommerce initiative, have on the market value of firms. While prior research on the relationship between these business activities and cumulative abnormal return involved the use of regression analysis, in this study, we use decision tree induction and regression.For the Internet security breach study, we use negative cumulative abnormal return as a surrogate for damage to the breached firm. In contrast to what has been reported in the research literature, our results suggest that the relationship between cumulative abnormal return and the independent variables for both the Internet security breach and ecommerce initiative studies is complex, often involving conditional interactions between the independent variables. We report that the incomplete contract theory is unable to effectively explain the relationship between cumulative abnormal return and the organizational variables. Other ecommerce theories provide support to the findings from our analysis. We show that both attack and firm characteristics are determinants of damage to breached firms.Our results revealed that the use of decision tree induction presents additional insight to that provided by regression models. We illustrate that there is value in using data mining techniques to study the market value of e-commerce initiative and Internet security breach and that this approach has applicability in other domains and that Decision Tree can enhance the event study methodology.We demonstrate that Decision Tree induction can be used for both theory building and theory testing. We specifically employ Decision Tree induction to test and enhance ecommerce theories and develop a theoretical model for cumulative abnormal return and ecommerce. We also present theoretical models for Internet security breach and damage to the breached firm. These models can be used by decision makers in Internet security and ecommerce investments strategic formulations and implementations.
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Rariden, Brandi Scot. "Sedentary Time and the Cumulative Risk of Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction Heart Failure: from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis." UNF Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/792.
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ABSTRACT
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-reported sedentary time (ST) and the cumulative risk of preserved ejection fraction heart failure (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction heart failure (HFrEF) using a diverse cohort of U.S. adults 45-84 years of age.
Methods: Using data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), we identified 6,814 subjects (52.9% female). All were free of baseline cardiovascular disease. Cox regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HR) associated with baseline ST and risk of overall heart failure (HF), HFpEF, and HFrEF. Weekly self-reported ST was dichotomized based on the 75th percentile (1,890 min/wk).
Results: During an average of 11.2 years of follow-up there were 178 first incident HF diagnoses; 74 HFpEF, 69 HFrEF and 35 with unknown EF. Baseline ST >1,890 min/wk was significantly associated with an increased risk of HFpEF (HR [95% CI]; 1.87 [1.13 – 3.09], p= 0.01), but not HFrEF (HR [95% CI]; 1.30 [0.78 – 2.15], p= 0.32). The relationship with HFpEF remained significant in separate fully adjusted models including either waist circumference (HR [95% CI]; 2.16 [1.23 – 3.78], p < 0.01) or body mass index (HR [95% CI]; 2.17 [1.24 – 3.80], p < 0.01). Additionally, every 60 minute increase in weekly ST was associated with a significant 3% increased risk of HFpEF (HR [95% CI]; 1.03 [1.01 – 1.05], p < 0.01).
Conclusions: Sedentary time > 1,890 min/wk (~4.5 h/d) is a significant independent predictor of HFpEF, but not HFrEF.
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Harvey, A. "Cumulative environmental assessment in Tasmania : a catchment case study." Thesis, 2010. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/20764/1/whole_HarveyAndrew2010_thesis.pdf.
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The cumulative impact of multiple stressors on the environment over time and space has been acknowledged as a key process in the ongoing loss of habitat and biodiversity and as a driver of landscape change. Regulatory approaches that address environmental impacts only at the level of the individual project footprint may facilitate significant environmental impacts through the cumulative effects of those projects. Such approaches are unlikely to ensure that current and future development of natural resources is sustainable. The catchment spatial scale and the regulatory processes that govern three key activities within it - farm dams, forest practices and water abstraction - form the basis for an examination of cumulative effects in Tasmania. International and Commonwealth regulatory approaches to cumulative effects, key concepts and methodologies are examined through a literature review. The potential cumulative impact of farm dams, forest practices and water abstraction on the natural flow regime, freshwater ecological processes and biota is established through the relevant literature. A case study of the Great Forester — Brid catchment in north east Tasmania is used to determine the potential for these impacts to occur in Tasmanian catchments. The results of this study show that there are measurable cumulative impacts on the natural flow regime, connectivity and special natural values within the catchment. Relevant legislation, policies and processes are examined to establish an understanding of how cumulative effects are addressed in Tasmania for these activities. Cumulative impacts of these activities are not adequately addressed in the current legislative and policy environment in Tasmania. An explicit legislative requirement for cumulative effects needs to be considered. In addition a pro-active, regional framework to manage and assess cumulative effects, incorporating integrated catchment management, is a fundamental requirement for the sustainable use of natural resources in Tasmania.
Books on the topic "Cumulative case study"
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United States. Minerals Management Service. Pacific OCS Region. and Centaur Associates, eds. Cumulative socioeconomic impacts of oil and gas development in the Santa Barbara Channel region: A case study. Washington, D.C: The Associates, 1985.
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Duffy, P. J. An examination of cumulative impact assessment and its implementation in the United Kingdom with the aid of a case study. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 1993.
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Puttler, Leon I., Robert A. Zucker, and Hiram E. Fitzgerald. Developmental Science, Alcohol Use Disorders, and the Risk–Resilience Continuum. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676001.003.0001.
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The origins and expression of addiction are best understood within the context of developmental processes and dynamic systems organization and change. For some individuals, these dynamic processes lead to risk cumulative or cascade effects that embody adverse childhood experiences that exacerbate risk; predict early onset of drinking, smoking, or other substance use; and often lead to a substance use disorder (SUD) during the transitions to adolescence and emergent adulthood. In other cases, protective factors within or outside of the individual’s immediate family enable embodiment of normative stress regulatory systems and neural networks that support resilience and prevention of SUDs. A case study is provided to illustrate these processes and principles of the organization of addictive behavior. Finally, a model of risk to resilience captures the flow of development and the extent to which individual-experience relationships contribute to risk and resilience.
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Ray, Sumantra (Shumone), Sue Fitzpatrick, Rajna Golubic, Susan Fisher, and Sarah Gibbings, eds. Navigating research methods: quantitative and clinical/epidemiological methods. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199608478.003.0003.
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This chapter focuses on various types of study design used in clinical and healthcare research with an emphasis on observational studies whilst randomised controlled trials are explained in Chapter 15. Within observational studies, the distinction between descriptive and analytical studies is made and different sources of error in epidemiological studies are reviewed. Main features, advantages and disadvantages of analytical observational studies are described for the following designs: ecological studies, cohort studies, case-control studies and cross-sectional studies. A brief overview of experimental studies is also given. Measures of disease occurrence (prevalence, cumulative incidence, incidence rate) as well as effect measures (1.difference measures, ie. attributable risk, and 2. ratio measures, i.e. relative risk, odds ratio, relative risk reduction, attributable fraction) are reviewed. The chapter also presents major characteristics of meta-analysis.
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Dobrovie-Sorin, Carmen, and Ion Giurgea. Majority Quantification and Quantity Superlatives. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791249.001.0001.
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This book is a study of the syntax and semantics of proportional Most and other majority quantifiers across languages. Based on data drawn from around forty languages, this book reveals the existence of two semantic types of Most: a distributive type, which compares cardinalities of sets of atoms, and a “cumulative” type, which involves measuring plural and mass entities with respect to a whole. On the syntactic side, the most important difference is between non-partitive and partitive configurations. Certain majority quantifiers are specialized for partitive constructions, others are also allowed in non-partitives. We also examine complex majority expressions of the type The Largest Part and nominal quantifiers of the type The Majority. This large scale crosslinguistic investigation qualifies as a piece of typological research that moreover offers several case studies on both well-studied and less investigated languages (English, German, Icelandic, Romanian, Italian, Hungarian, Basque, Latin, Hindi, Syrian Arabic). The proposed analyses raise new theoretical questions regarding issues such as number marking, partitivity, kind reference, (in)definiteness marking, which are crucial issues for linguistic theory. Noteworthy is the attention paid to mass and collective quantification, an under-studied area. We argue in favor of a quantificational analysis of Most, against recent analyses that attempt to derive the proportional interpretation from the superlative, but we adopt a bipartition-cum-superlative analysis for The Largest Part.
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Szewczyk, Janusz. Rola zaburzeń w kształtowaniu struktury i dynamiki naturalnych lasów bukowo-jodłowo-świerkowych w Karpatach Zachodnich. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-35-9.
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The aim of the study was to determine the influence of different disturbances (both natural and anthropogenic) on species composition and stand structure of old-growth mixed mountain forests in the Western Carpathians. These stands are usually dominated by beech, fir and spruce, mixed in different proportions. The tree main species represent different growth strategies, and they compete against each other. The longevity of trees makes the factors influencing the stand structure difficult to identify, even during longitudinal studies conducted on permanent research plots. That is why dendroecological techniques, based upon the annual variability of tree rings, are commonly used to analyze the disturbance histories of old-growth stands. Dendroecological methods make it possible to reconstruct the stand history over several centuries in the past by analyzing the frequency, intensity, duration and spatial scale of disturbances causing the death of trees. Combining the dendroecological techniques with the detailed measurements of stand structure, snag volume, CWD volume, and the analyses of regeneration species composition and structure allows us to identify the factors responsible for the changes in dynamics of mixed mountain forests. Various disturbance agents affect some species selectively, while some disturbances promote the establishment of tree seedlings of specific species by modifying environmental conditions. Describing the disturbance regime requires a broad scope of data on stand structure, on dead wood and tree regeneration, while various factors affecting all the stages of tree growth should be taken into consideration. On the basis of the already published data from permanent sample plots, combined with the available disturbance history analyses from the Western Carpathians, three research hypotheses were formulated. 1. The species composition of mixed mountain forests has been changing for at least several decades. These directional changes are the consequence of simultaneous conifer species decline and expansion of beech. 2. The observed changes in species composition of mixed mountain forests are the effect of indirect anthropogenic influences, significantly changing tree growth conditions also in the forests that are usually considered natural or near-natural. Cumulative impact of these indirect influences leads to the decrease of fir share in the tree layer (spruce decline has also been observed recently),and it limits the representation of this species among seedlings and saplings. The final effect is the decrease of fir and spruce share in the forest stands. 3. Small disturbances, killing single trees or small groups of trees, and infrequent disturbances of medium size and intensity dominate the disturbance regime in mixed mountain forests. The present structure of beech-fir-spruce forests is shaped both by complex disturbance regime and indirect anthropogenic influences. The data were gathered in permanent sample plots in strictly protected areas of Babia Góra, Gorce, and Tatra National Parks, situated in the Western Carpathians. All plots were located in the old-growth forest stands representing Carpathian beech forest community. The results of the measurements of trees, snags, coarse woody debris (CWD) and tree regeneration were used for detailed description of changes in the species composition and structure of tree stands. Tree ring widths derived from increment cores were used to reconstruct the historical changes in tree growth trends of all main tree species, as well as the stand disturbance history within the past two to three hundred years. The analyses revealed complex disturbance history in all of the three forest stands. Intermediate disturbances of variable intensity occurred, frequently separated by the periods of low tree mortality lasting from several decades up to over one hundred years. The intervals between the disturbances were significantly shorter than the expected length of forest developmental cycle, in commonly used theories describing the dynamics of old-growth stands. During intermediate disturbances up to several dozen percent of canopy trees were killed. There were no signs of stand-replacing disturbances, killing all or nearly all of canopy trees. The periods of intense tree mortality were followed by subsequent periods of increased sapling recruitment. Variability in disturbance intensity is one of the mechanisms promoting the coexistence of beech and conifer species in mixed forests. The recruitment of conifer saplings depended on the presence of larger gaps, resulting from intermediate disturbances, while beech was more successful in the periods of low mortality. However, in the last few decades, beech seems to benefit from the period of intense fir mortality. This change results from the influence of long-term anthropogenic disturbances, affecting natural mechanisms that maintain the coexistence of different tree species and change natural disturbance regimes. Indirect anthropogenic influence on tree growth was clearly visible in the gradual decrease of fir increments in the twentieth century, resulting from the high level of air pollution in Europe. Synchronous decreases of fir tree rings’ widths were observed in all three of the sample plots, but the final outcomes depended on the fir age. In most cases, the damage to the foliage limited the competitive abilities of fir, but it did not cause a widespread increase in tree mortality, except for the oldest firs in the BGNP (Babia Góra National Park) plot. BGNP is located in the proximity of industrial agglomeration of Upper Silesia, and it could be exposed to higher level of air pollution than the other two plots. High level of fir regeneration browsing due to the deer overabundance and insufficient number of predators is the second clear indication of the indirect anthropogenic influence on mixed mountain forests. Game impact on fir regeneration is the most pronounced in Babia Góra forests, where fir was almost completely eliminated from the saplings. Deer browsing seems to be the main factor responsible for limiting the number of fir saplings and young fir trees, while the representation of fir among seedlings is high. The experiments conducted in fenced plots located in the mixed forests in BGNP proved that fir and sycamore were the most preferred by deer species among seedlings and saplings. In GNP (Gorce National Park) and TNP (Tatra National Park), the changes in species composition of tree regeneration are similar, but single firs or even small groups of firs are present among saplings. It seems that all of the analysed mixed beech-fir-spruce forests undergo directional changes, causing a systematic decrease in fir representation, and the expansion of beech. This tendency results from the indirect anthropogenic impact, past and present. Fir regeneration decline, alongside with the high level of spruce trees’ mortality in recent years, may lead to a significant decrease in conifers representation in the near future, and to the expansion of beech forests at the cost of mixed ones.
Book chapters on the topic "Cumulative case study"
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Sarah, Anan, Mohammed Iqbal Hossain Rabbi, Mahpara Sayema Siddiqua, Shipra Banik, and Mahady Hasan. "Prediction of Cumulative Grade Point Average: A Case Study." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 33–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52246-9_3.
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Tardivo, Fabio, Agostino Dovier, Andrea Formisano, Laurent Michel, and Enrico Pontelli. "Constraint Propagation on GPU: A Case Study for the Cumulative Constraint." In Integration of Constraint Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and Operations Research, 336–53. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33271-5_22.
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Rahmawati, Rina, Yayu Mariah, Meisya Al-Maulidya, Agung Maulana, Feri Hermawan, Nuroktavianis, Neng Rahmatullah, Zahra Khaeranis, Yuhamah, and Fauzi Alba. "External Factors Affecting the Cumulative Achievement Index (Case Study of Nusa Putra University)." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Economic, Management and Accounting (ICEMAC 2023), 118–26. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-492-1_11.
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Spiliotis, M., P. Angelidis, and B. Papadopoulos. "A Hybrid Fuzzy Regression-Based Methodology for Normal Distribution (Case Study: Cumulative Annual Precipitation)." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 568–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92007-8_48.
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Megahan, Walter F., John P. Potyondy, and Kathleen A. Seyedbagheri. "Best Management Practices and Cumulative Effects from Sedimentation in the South Fork Salmon River: An Idaho Case Study." In Watershed Management, 401–14. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4382-3_15.
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Bub, Udo. "Systematic Creation of Cumulative Design Science Research Knowledge with a Case Study in the Field of Automatic Speech Recognition." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 94–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30278-8_12.
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Doucette, Paula, and Samuel Mansfield. "Addressing the Cumulative Effects of Marine Shipping Through Area-Based Management Approaches." In Area-Based Management of Shipping, 51–67. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60053-1_3.
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AbstractCanada’s Oceans Protection Plan (OPP) is a comprehensive initiative launched by the Government of Canada to enhance marine safety, protect marine ecosystems, engage with coastal communities, and improve evidence-based decision-making. The OPP focuses on safeguarding Canadian coasts and waterways by implementing measures to prevent and respond to marine incidents, supporting research and innovation, and establishing stronger Indigenous partnerships to address maritime concerns and promote sustainable marine practices. Under the Oceans Protection Plan, Transport Canada’s Cumulative Effects of Marine Shipping (CEMS) initiative has been working in seven regions of Canada to assess and address the regional cumulative effects of marine shipping, in partnership with Indigenous peoples and guided by the principles of reconciliation. The goal of this chapter is to showcase how area-based management (ABM) is applied in the CEMS initiative by first providing background on the CEMS initiative from a broad perspective and then examining linkages between the initiative and ABM approaches. A case study is described from one regional CEMS assessment being conducted along a section of the Northwest Passage in southern Victoria Island, Nunavut, which resulted in the development of a voluntary measure using an ABM approach to mitigate the impacts of icebreaking activities on caribou migration and hunter safety.
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Kikuchi, Dale M., Toru Nakahara, Wataru Kitamura, and Noriyuki M. Yamaguchi. "Estimating Potential Costs of Cumulative Barrier Effects on Migrating Raptors: A Case Study Using Global Positioning System Tracking in Japan." In Wind Energy and Wildlife Impacts, 51–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05520-2_4.
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McElroy, Jane A., and Bennett J. Gosiker. "If You Don’t Ask, You Don’t Count: Elements to Consider in Understanding Global Sexual and Gender Minority Data on Noncommunicable Diseases." In Global LGBTQ Health, 79–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36204-0_4.
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AbstractEvaluation and comparison of incidence and prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) among sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) to cisgender and/or heterosexual populations rest on the belief that SGM populations have unique characteristics that influence the rates. Several theoretical concepts, briefly discussed in this chapter, have been postulated regarding this disparity. These include minority stress theory, fundamental cause theory, compression of morbidity theory, and cumulative disadvantage hypothesis. In each case, and most clearly articulated by the fundamental cause theory, structural stigma, discrimination, and power structures among disadvantaged populations drive these health disparities. In the analyses evaluating health disparities, numerous methodological issues reduce the generalizability of results. Probabilistic-based sampling design is rarely used because the data do not exist. Among the few examples that use this study design, the SGM sample is small or covers multiple years. Another methodological issue is the consistently younger mean age of the SGM participants compared to cisgender and/or heterosexual groups. Across the globe, country-specific cultural norms determine the visibility and value of SGM populations. Moving forward, a hope is that, in the near future, the SGM population will be described as one important group, among others, in assessing the health of each nation.
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Blossfeld, Hans-Peter, Gwendolin Josephine Blossfeld, and Sabine Weinert. "Introduction – Education, Competence Development and Career Trajectories." In Methodology of Educational Measurement and Assessment, 1–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27007-9_1.
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AbstractA lifespan perspective on development and education and corresponding longitudinal studies have long been proposed scientifically in many disciplines. However, even in the 2000s, little was known about education as a lifelong process or about the cumulative and interactive effects of learning that takes place in different educational settings across the lifespan and comprehensive longitudinal studies were rare. The German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) was therefore designed to provide longitudinal data on educational trajectories and competence development from infancy to old age, and to make it possible to examine inter- and intraindividual changes and pathways in relation to family, educational institutions, workplaces, private life, and individual characteristics of the target persons. The data also addresses the institutions of the German educational system such as crèches and preschools, primary and secondary schools, vocational training, tertiary education, and opportunities of further learning in adulthood. It further enables the analysis of relevant monetary and non-monetary returns to education over the life course. The chapter briefly introduces important features of the multi-cohort sequence design of the NEPS and discusses the relevance of longitudinal data. Furthermore, it outlines Germany as a special case by introducing specific features of the German education system as well as some international comparative findings. Finally, an overview of the following chapters is given.
Conference papers on the topic "Cumulative case study"
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Gardarsson, Sigurdur M., and Thomas R. Grindeland. "Case Study: Requirements for Cumulative Effects Analysis." In Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)330.
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Waugh, Stephen, Timothy Davis, Matthew Tillman, and Justin Shoger. "Decision Engineering and the Digital Twin of an Acquisition Program a Cumulative Case Study." In 8th North American Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. Michigan, USA: IEOM Society International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46254/na8.20230195.
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Syed, Ameen, and Ranjan Sonparote. "Prestressed Precast Concrete Pavement: A Case Study." In 12th International Conference on Concrete Pavements. International Society for Concrete Pavements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33593/byman1x4.
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One of the major problems with the construction of concrete pavement in India is obtaining the required quality. The quality of Cast-In-Place concrete pavement is difficult to maintain due to the site conditions. To address this issue, a 500 m trial stretch of Prestressed Precast Concrete Pavement (PPCP) is developed in Inner Ring Road, Nagpur. The design of PPCP is performed by a simple spreadsheet considering the cumulative fatigue damage caused to the pavement over its design life. The spreadsheet includes the effect of temperature, prestress, axle loads, and modulus of subgrade reaction for calculating the thickness of the pavement and can be useful for professional designers. The size of the panels for the trial section is 2.625 m x 4 m and 3.5 m x 4 m. The panels are interconnected using a sliding slot dowel model and a top slot dowel model. The construction aspects and design revisions required to incorporate the site difficulties have been discussed in the paper.
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Kashanskiy, S. V., E. K. Kovalevskiy, and N. O. Milovankina. "CHRYSOTILE-RELATED ASBESTOSIS IN THE POST-EXPOSURE PERIOD. STUDY DESIGN AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-246-249.
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Abstract: Abstract. A retrospective case-control study among former workers of PJSC Uralasbest has been launched to establish the main clinical features of the disease as well as causes and structure of mortality in patients with chrysotile-related asbestosis in the post-exposure period taking into cumulative dust exposure. First, we collected information about 850 asbestosis cases diagnosed in the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers in 1946-2000. Control group of workers without asbestosis, matched by sex, duration of work, working conditions, cumulative dust exposure, social and living conditions, was set up as a control group. All primary information was entered in a specially developed database. Second, we established the vital status of the cases and the controls as of January 1, 2020. A considerable improvement of working conditions for the main jobs at PJSC Uralasbest in the second half of the 20th century leading to a statistically significant decrease in the cumulative exposure both by total dust and respirable chrysotile asbestos fibers. Improved working conditions have influenced increasing the duration of work until the development of the disease as shown by the rise in the proportion of workers with diagnosed asbestosis, mainly stage I, workers with 20 or more years after the first exposure.
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Reti, Kinga-Olga. "ASSESSMENT OF THE CUMULATIVE IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND LIFE QUALITY. CASE STUDY: THE MUNICIPALITY OF TARNAVENI (ROMANIA)." In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b52/s20.010.
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Horiuchi, Keisuke, Yuichiro Konishi, and Atsuo Nishihara. "Non-Intrusive Case Temperature Measurement Method of Direct-Water-Cooled Power Module." In ASME 2015 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems collocated with the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2015-48625.
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In this paper, we present a non-intrusive case temperature measurement method of the direct-water-cooled power module. It uses the structure function, which in this case comprises the cumulative thermal capacitance and the cumulative thermal resistance. Since the effective heat transfer rate of the pinfin heatsink varies with the water flow rate, in this study we assumed the inflection point of the structure function corresponding to the change in the flow rate was junction-case thermal resistance. We compared numerical simulation results with experimental results and present our findings. Finally, we show that the design area in which the heat spreading angle of 45 degrees, the well-known rule of thumb, is suitable.
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Liu, G., P. Succop, and C. Rice. "348. Comparison of Highest Short-Term Exposure Intensity and Cumulative Exposure Metrics in a Case-Control Study of Silicosis." In AIHce 1998. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2762749.
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Deodhar, Nihar, and Christopher Vermillion. "Experimentally-Infused Active System Optimization Framework: Theoretical Convergence Analysis and Airborne Wind Energy Case Study." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85305.
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This research presents a convergence analysis for an iterative framework for optimizing plant and controller parameters for active systems. The optimization strategy fuses expensive yet valuable experiments with less accurate yet cheaper simulations. The numerical model is improved at each iteration through a cumulative correction law, using an optimally designed set of experiments. The iterative framework reduces the feasible design space between iterations, ultimately yielding convergence to a small design space that contains the optimum. This paper presents the derivation of an asymptotic upper bound on the difference between the corrected numerical model and true system response. Furthermore, convergence of the numerical model to the true system response and convergence of the design space are demonstrated on an airborne wind energy (AWE) application.
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Hensel, Edward, and Amitabha Ghosh. "A Case Study on Course-Based Outcomes Assessment to Enhance Student Learning and Course Delivery in the Engineering Sciences Core Curriculum." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12946.
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A formal two-loop learning outcomes assessment process has been implemented in the mechanical engineering department at Rochester Institute of Technology. The outer loop establishes high-level outcomes and objectives for the program, while the inner loop provides assessment of achievement and feedback for improvement. Planning for the two-loop assessment process was initiated in academic year 2005–06 with the establishment of four faculty workgroups, with each group assigned responsibility for conducting outcomes assessment on a subset of the ME core curriculum. The engineering science core curriculum inner loop assessment process was initiated in AY2006–07 and continues today. Results of a three year longitudinal study of the engineering science course learning outcomes assessment and the details of the assessment and continuous improvement process are described herein. The three year study period encompassed 83 sections of five courses, with a cumulative student enrollment of 2,853 individuals. Sample data from the longitudinal study of the fluid mechanics course (reviewing 19 sections with a cumulative enrollment of 619 students) is presented, to illustrate improvement of student learning through refinement of the course delivery. A discussion of the assessment process, lessons learned, and conclusions are presented.
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Jenkin, Alan B., Glenn E. Peterson, Katie Steward, Jacob T. Needels, Peter J. Gage, Ken Gee, Ashley M. Coates, Todd R. White, and Michael D. Squire. "Case Study of Meteoroid Fluence on a Mars Sample Return Mission." In 2022 16th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/hvis2022-24.
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Abstract This paper presents results from an analysis to assess the fluence of meteoroids on the Mars Sample Return Campaign Micrometeoroid Protection System (MMPS) and probability of damage to the Earth Entry System Thermal Protection System (TPS). Results are presented for the mission Outbound trajectory from Earth to Mars. The MEM3 meteoroid environment model was used for the assessment. Results are presented showing the reduction in fluence on cube faces and on the MMPS that can be achieved by selection of an anti-velocity orientation of the MMPS. A methodology is presented that determines the cumulative fluence on the MMPS using the MEM3 meteoroid fluxes and the spacecraft attitude profile over the trajectory. Resulting distributions of fluence over impact velocity, angle, and mass are presented. The fluence results are used to establish velocity-angle scenarios for hydrocode simulation and to assess net damage fluence to the TPS. Example tables containing Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics Code (SPHC) simulation scenarios as well as hypothetical hydrocode simulation scenarios for illustration purposes are presented. The tables present the resulting net damaging fluence to the TPS for each scenario and the total across the scenarios. Additionally, examples of CTH hydrocode simulation are included, demonstrating their use for determining critical impactor across the impactor parameter space, and damage of impactors that penetrate the MMPS.
Reports on the topic "Cumulative case study"
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Newman-Toker, David E., Susan M. Peterson, Shervin Badihian, Ahmed Hassoon, Najlla Nassery, Donna Parizadeh, Lisa M. Wilson, et al. Diagnostic Errors in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer258.
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Objectives. Diagnostic errors are a known patient safety concern across all clinical settings, including the emergency department (ED). We conducted a systematic review to determine the most frequent diseases and clinical presentations associated with diagnostic errors (and resulting harms) in the ED, measure error and harm frequency, as well as assess causal factors. Methods. We searched PubMed®, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL®), and Embase® from January 2000 through September 2021. We included research studies and targeted grey literature reporting diagnostic errors or misdiagnosis-related harms in EDs in the United States or other developed countries with ED care deemed comparable by a technical expert panel. We applied standard definitions for diagnostic errors, misdiagnosis-related harms (adverse events), and serious harms (permanent disability or death). Preventability was determined by original study authors or differences in harms across groups. Two reviewers independently screened search results for eligibility; serially extracted data regarding common diseases, error/harm rates, and causes/risk factors; and independently assessed risk of bias of included studies. We synthesized results for each question and extrapolated U.S. estimates. We present 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs) or plausible range (PR) bounds, as appropriate. Results. We identified 19,127 citations and included 279 studies. The top 15 clinical conditions associated with serious misdiagnosis-related harms (accounting for 68% [95% CI 66 to 71] of serious harms) were (1) stroke, (2) myocardial infarction, (3) aortic aneurysm and dissection, (4) spinal cord compression and injury, (5) venous thromboembolism, (6/7 – tie) meningitis and encephalitis, (6/7 – tie) sepsis, (8) lung cancer, (9) traumatic brain injury and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, (10) arterial thromboembolism, (11) spinal and intracranial abscess, (12) cardiac arrhythmia, (13) pneumonia, (14) gastrointestinal perforation and rupture, and (15) intestinal obstruction. Average disease-specific error rates ranged from 1.5 percent (myocardial infarction) to 56 percent (spinal abscess), with additional variation by clinical presentation (e.g., missed stroke average 17%, but 4% for weakness and 40% for dizziness/vertigo). There was also wide, superimposed variation by hospital (e.g., missed myocardial infarction 0% to 29% across hospitals within a single study). An estimated 5.7 percent (95% CI 4.4 to 7.1) of all ED visits had at least one diagnostic error. Estimated preventable adverse event rates were as follows: any harm severity (2.0%, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.6), any serious harms (0.3%, PR 0.1 to 0.7), and deaths (0.2%, PR 0.1 to 0.4). While most disease-specific error rates derived from mainly U.S.-based studies, overall error and harm rates were derived from three prospective studies conducted outside the United States (in Canada, Spain, and Switzerland, with combined n=1,758). If overall rates are generalizable to all U.S. ED visits (130 million, 95% CI 116 to 144), this would translate to 7.4 million (PR 5.1 to 10.2) ED diagnostic errors annually; 2.6 million (PR 1.1 to 5.2) diagnostic adverse events with preventable harms; and 371,000 (PR 142,000 to 909,000) serious misdiagnosis-related harms, including more than 100,000 permanent, high-severity disabilities and 250,000 deaths. Although errors were often multifactorial, 89 percent (95% CI 88 to 90) of diagnostic error malpractice claims involved failures of clinical decision-making or judgment, regardless of the underlying disease present. Key process failures were errors in diagnostic assessment, test ordering, and test interpretation. Most often these were attributed to inadequate knowledge, skills, or reasoning, particularly in “atypical” or otherwise subtle case presentations. Limitations included use of malpractice claims and incident reports for distribution of diseases leading to serious harms, reliance on a small number of non-U.S. studies for overall (disease-agnostic) diagnostic error and harm rates, and methodologic variability across studies in measuring disease-specific rates, determining preventability, and assessing causal factors. Conclusions. Although estimated ED error rates are low (and comparable to those found in other clinical settings), the number of patients potentially impacted is large. Not all diagnostic errors or harms are preventable, but wide variability in diagnostic error rates across diseases, symptoms, and hospitals suggests improvement is possible. With 130 million U.S. ED visits, estimated rates for diagnostic error (5.7%), misdiagnosis-related harms (2.0%), and serious misdiagnosis-related harms (0.3%) could translate to more than 7 million errors, 2.5 million harms, and 350,000 patients suffering potentially preventable permanent disability or death. Over two-thirds of serious harms are attributable to just 15 diseases and linked to cognitive errors, particularly in cases with “atypical” manifestations. Scalable solutions to enhance bedside diagnostic processes are needed, and these should target the most commonly misdiagnosed clinical presentations of key diseases causing serious harms. New studies should confirm overall rates are representative of current U.S.-based ED practice and focus on identified evidence gaps (errors among common diseases with lower-severity harms, pediatric ED errors and harms, dynamic systems factors such as overcrowding, and false positives). Policy changes to consider based on this review include: (1) standardizing measurement and research results reporting to maximize comparability of measures of diagnostic error and misdiagnosis-related harms; (2) creating a National Diagnostic Performance Dashboard to track performance; and (3) using multiple policy levers (e.g., research funding, public accountability, payment reforms) to facilitate the rapid development and deployment of solutions to address this critically important patient safety concern.
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VandenBerg, R. D., P. B. Kabanov, K E Dewing, and E. A. Atkinson. Geological and geochemical data from the Canadian Arctic Islands, part XVIII: XRF and TOC data, and formation tops in exploration wells from the Devonian clastic wedge and underlying strata, Northwest Territories and Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329642.
Full textAbstract:
This collection of data comprises new XRF data, TOC data, and a new table of formation tops for the lower portion of the Devonian clastic wedge (Weatherall, Cape de Bray and Blackley formations sensu Embry and Klovan, 1976) and the underlying basinal and carbonate-platform strata of variable Ordovician to Lower-Middle Devonian age. Main results include ED-XRF data for 15 well sections within the N.W.T. jurisdiction of the SW Arctic Archipelago. These XRF data were obtained in 2018- 2020 through non-destructive measurements of drillhole cutting samples using a Bruker Tracer IV instrument. Testing of these samples has been restricted to preserve them for future study as they are irreplaceable. The goal of using the non destructives XFR has given us a methodology that does not harm these samples. We find this to be a reasonable method when data is required but no destructive testing is permitted, such as in these legacy wells. Reading acquisition procedure and instrument calibrations are discussed herein. These XRF logs cover cumulatively 12,538 m of well sections, which is the best attainable physical coverage for these strata in the absence of representative cores. For each section surveyed with XRF, we provide graphical striplogs with geophysical logs, descriptive lithology, XRF elemental logs, biostratigraphic data, and, selectively, synthetic seismograms and TOC data. Scientific discussion based on these results is a subject of a separate paper-in-preparation, (Kabanov, P. 2020.)