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Academic literature on the topic 'Cultures organotypiques de cervelet'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cultures organotypiques de cervelet"
Calas, André. "De la neuroendocrinologie à la biologie cellulaire : Andrée Tixier-Vidal (1923–2021)." Biologie Aujourd’hui 216, no. 3-4 (2022): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2022024.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Cultures organotypiques de cervelet"
Padilla, Ferrer Aïda. "ADAM10 in myelination of the central nervous system : study of ADAM10 localization and development of an inducible oligodendroglial ADAM10 knock out (KOOLA10) mouse strain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2022. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=4270&f=41801.
Full textIn the central nervous system (CNS), oligodendrocytes (OL) envelop the axons with their membrane extensions, forming the myelin sheath. The OL death and the loss of myelin (demyelination) occur in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis, for which there is no specific cure nowadays. Our goal is to enhance an endogenous repair process via the ADAM10/sAPPa pathway. The Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) can be cleaved by a-secretases, members of the ADAM (A Desintegrin And Metalloprotease) family such as ADAM10, the main a-secretase in the CNS. The enzymatic cleavage of APP generates a neuroprotective soluble peptide called sAPPa. Our previous results showed that the pharmacological activation of a-secretases was able to enhance OL differentiation in vitro, to promote myelin protection from demyelination, to enhance remyelination ex vivo and in vivo and to improve the locomotor function. The aim of my thesis was, thus, to further investigate the role of oligodendroglial ADAM10 in myelin formation and maintenance. Three lines of investigation have been pursued. The first aim was to investigate the regional and cellular expression of ADAM10 in the CNS by immunolabeling of ADAM10 protein in adult mice and in primary neuronal and glial cultures. ADAM10 was widely expressed in brain, cerebellum and spinal cord with high expression in the hippocampus and piriform cortex. Neurons expressed much more ADAM10 than glial cells in CNS tissues and in vitro we were able to detect ADAM10 in neurons, OL, astrocytes and microglia. The second aim was to investigate the role of oligodendroglial ADAM10 in myelination. Therefore, we have created a novel mouse strain (KOOLA10) that allows the deletion of OL ADAM10 at specific time points related to the process of oligodendrogenesis and myelination. In this mouse strain, the deficiency is induced by the excision of the exon 3 of Adam10 gene flanked by 2 loxP sequences by the Cre recombinase, which is under the control of the PLP (Proteolipid Protein) promoter. When ADAM10 deficiency was induced at birth during oligodendrogenesis, an impairment in exploratory activity was observed at P21 but it was compensated later on. When ADAM10 deficiency was induced during myelin maintenance in adult mice, the aforementioned behavior worsened over time. Further analysis is still required to explain the behavioral changes observed in KO mice. Surprisingly, the level of MBP (Myelin Basic Protein), assessed by western blot and immunohistological studies, did not show an apparent change in KO mice. The third aim was to investigate the role of ADAM10 in OL development and functionality. The ADAM10 knock-down using siRNA in the 158N OL cell line did not modify cell morphology, proliferation or migration but it induced a decrease in myelin gene expression. To validate these results, we set up a new OL primary cell isolation and culture protocol. Preliminary results also pointed to a reduction of myelin genes expression in ADAM10-deficient OL. Finally, we used organotypic culture of cerebellum, highly rich in myelin, to address the effect of ADAM10 deficiency. We set up a transfection protocol to knock down ADAM10 in cerebellar slices and further focused on the study of myelination in KOOLA10. A significant decrease in the number of myelinated axons was observed in cerebellar slices from KO mice after demyelination, suggesting a beneficial effect of OL ADAM10 in myelin protection or repair. In conclusion, I have shown the distribution of ADAM10 in the CNS, generated the KOOLA10 mouse strain and set up different protocols and tools that allow the investigation of the role of oligodendroglial ADAM10 in myelination. I have obtained evidence suggesting that OL ADAM10 affects exploratory behavior and myelin and is necessary for myelin protection and/or repair. Further investigation is required to better decipher the role of OL ADAM10 in myelin maintenance, and CNS re/myelination
DE, BOCK FREDERIC. "Tnf alpha et mort neuronale : etude de la liberation du tnf alpha et de ses mecanismes d'action sur cultures organotypiques d'hippocampe." Paris, EPHE, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPHE3022.
Full textBion, Anne. "Evaluation de l'impact toxicologique d'effluents moteur sur des cultures organotypiques de tranches de poumon de rat : cas d'un moteur diesel et d'un moteur à allumage commandé." Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUES006.
Full textToday air quality is among the population very first concerns about environment and health. In addition to pollution due to industrial activities, the population has recently been sensitised to the problems of pollution due to vehicles. Thus, this work relates to the study of the response of organotypic cultures of precision cut rat lung slices exposed to a continuous flow of diluted engine exhausts (gas and particles). The biological system allows to study the potential impact of the particles, as well as the effects induced by exhausts resulting from various engines (Diesel and spark-ignition). Our results point out that Diesel particles can induce an inflammatory response, as well as an apoptotic phenomenon. A thorough study shows that, under our experimental conditions, the mechanisms of action do not imply a stage of pollutants desorption adsorbed on Diesel particles. In addition, our studies show that the engine exhausts effects are not only limited to those of the particulate phase. Indeed, the experiments carried out with Diesel and spark-ignition engine exhausts show a prevailing role of the gas phase in the biological effects. Our results tend to show that the oxidising nature of the exhausts characterised by nitrogen oxides and particularly by NO2/NO ratio, would be implied in the gas phase-induced effects. Thus, under slightly oxidising conditions, the gas phase of the Diesel engine exhausts involves an oxidative stress associated with an inflammatory response and DNA damages ; these experimental conditions do not induce cytotoxicity. Under strongly oxidising conditions, the gas phase of the Diesel and spark-ignition engine exhausts induces a cytotoxic effect, an oxidative stress and a TNFalpha production decrease. The modification of the oxidising potential of the atmosphere with the use of a three ways catalyst has allowed the maintenance of the cellular viability and the TNFalpha production, thus confirming the assumption of oxidising molecules implication in the biological effects. Finally, our work shows all the importance that there will be in the future not to have an exclusive interest in the impact of the particulate fraction. Taking into account of the gas phase "toxic potential" by a global approach of the exhausts, appears from now to be a strong concept impossible to circumvent
Didier, Michel. "Rôle du récepteur NMDA dans le développement des cellules granulaires du cervelet en culture primaire : approche pharmaco-moléculaire." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20045.
Full textMorin, Mélanie. "Angiogenèse: Nouvelle cible thérapeutique pour les épilepsies partielles pharmacorésitantes." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00421314.
Full textNous avons observé dans l'hippocampe de patients atteints d'ELT réfractaire une dégradation de la BHE, une néo-vascularisation et la surexpression du vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) et de son récepteur VEGFR-2.
Pour comprendre cette angiogenèse, nous avons modélisé l'épilepsie in vivo et in vitro chez le rat. In vivo, la néo-vascularisation, la surexpression de VEGF/VEGFR-2 et la rupture de BHE sont présentes dans un modèle avec lésions et gliose, mais transitoires dans un modèle non lésionnel.
In vitro, nous avons observé que des crises déclenchées sur des cultures organotypiques d'hippocampe (COHs) induisent une angiogenèse et une dégradation de BHE qui ne persiste qu'en présence de lésions.
Nous avons étudié le rôle du VEGF in vitro, en le neutralisant ou en inhibant des voies de signalisation de VEGFR-2 dans les COHs, confirmant l'importance de PKC et src dans l'angiogenèse et la dégradation de la BHE. De plus, nous avons montré un déséquilibre des angiopoiétines en faveur d'Ang2 qui potentialise les effets du VEGF.
Chez l'homme et l'animal, la rupture de la BHE persiste dans les foyers chroniques entretenant l'induction des crises. En ciblant des facteurs angiogéniques pour réparer la BHE, nous espérons réduire l'épileptogenèse et donc proposer de nouvelles stratégies pour les épilepsies réfractaires.
Haddad, Katia. "Evolution de l'expression des trois sous-unités des neurofilaments in situ et en cultures primaires : induction d'autoanticorps dirigés contre les neurofilaments par des greffes intracérébrales." Angers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ANGE0009.
Full textLlufriu-Dabén, Gemma. "Nouvelle approche neuroprotectrice et remyélinisante par l’étazolate dans le système nerveux central : implication des α-sécrétases (ADAM10)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB021/document.
Full textDemyelination and oligodendrocyte cell death are well established in multiple sclerosis (MS) and are increasingly described after traumatic brain injury (TBI), participating in the aggravation of white matter injury responsible of motor and cognitive deficits. Despite many efforts in clinical research, no efficient therapy against white matter injury progression is available nowadays. Thus, promoting remyelination and counteracting neuroinflammation and demyelination are major therapeutic strategies in order to restore white matter integrity. Here, we studied the stimulation of endogenous repair mechanisms through the neuroprotective and neurotrophic protein sAPPα, the soluble form of βAPP protein released by the α-secretases (ADAM10). In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of etazolate, an α-secretase activator on short- and long-term biochemical, histological and functional outcome in different mouse models of TBI and MS in vivo, and ex vivo on organotypic cerebellar slices. The results obtained from the TBI mouse model by mechanical percussion showed for the first time the anti-inflammatory effect of etazolate associated to a restoration of sAPPα levels. The same treatment was able to attenuate functional deficits (hyperactivity, cognitive deficit). We also developed a new ex vivo model of TBI by mechanical percussion on organotypic cerebellar slices. We confirmed the neuroprotective effect of etazolate on cerebellar tissue reducing the lesion size. Interestingly, etazolate treatment attenuated post-traumatic ex vivo demyelination. Moreover, the beneficial effect of etazolate on myelin sheaths have been well reproduced after lysolecithin-induced demyelination, an ex vivo model of MS. Interestingly, etazolate was able to enhance remyelination promoting oligodendrocyte differentiation. This effect has been reproduced in the primary mixed glial culture from PLP-eGFP mice, enhancing oligodendrocyte morphological maturation. However, etazolate failed to promote its beneficial effects in the presence of GI254023X, a specific ADAM10 (α-secretase) inhibitor, suggesting that the mechanism of action of etazolate is partly through the activation of ADAM10. Furthermore, etazolate reproduced in vivo the oligodendrocyte differentiation, accompanied by an increase of the myelinated axons, observed by electron microscopy in a mouse model of cuprizone-induced chronic demyelination. Taken together, the findings of this work provide a first evidence for the therapeutic potential of etazolate, with ADAM10 as new therapeutic target in white matter repair. The interest of this approach is to attenuate neuroinflammation and demyelination and to enhance oligodendrocyte differentiation and thus remyelination, in order to promote functional recovery following white matter lesions arising after TBI or MS
Morin, Mélanie. "Angiogenèse : nouvelle cible thérapeutique pour les épilepsies pharmaco-résistantes." Phd thesis, Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON1T010.
Full textIn Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, hyper excitability is commonly attributed to neuronal loss, and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. A vascular remodeling has never been investigated in epileptic tissue, althought recent data indicate that blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability is epileptogenic. In the hippocampus of patients with intractable TLE, we observed vascular changes like BBB leakage, increased vascular density and over expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and its receptor VEGFR-2. To understand the mechanisms of this angiogenesis, we used in vivo and in vitro rat models of epilepsy. In vivo, we found neo-vascularization, over expression of VEGF/VEGFR-2 and BBB disruption in a model with neuronal loss and gliosis, whereas in a model without lesion these vascular changes were only transient. In vitro, we showed that seizures, generated in organotypic hippocampal cultures (OHCs), induce angiogenesis and BBB degradation which persist only in presence of lesions. We investigated in vitro the role of VEGF by neutralizing VEGF or inhibiting different VEGFR-2 signaling pathways in OHCs and confirmed the importance of PKC and src pathways in angiogenesis and BBB degradation. More, we observed a deregulation of angiopoietin ration in favor of Ang2, which increases VEGF effects. In humans and animals, angiogenesis and BBB disruption persist in the chronic focus, whereas BBB leakage is known to participate in seizure induction. Therefore, by targeting angiogenic factors, we aim at repairing the BBB and thus reducing epileptogenicity. This study could lead to the development of new therapies for intractable epilepsies