Journal articles on the topic 'Culture renewal'
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Soyinka, Wole. "“Culture, democracy and renewal,”." Trends in Organized Crime 5, no. 3 (March 2000): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12117-000-1039-2.
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McNulty, Robert. "Nonprofits, culture, and community renewal." National Civic Review 85, no. 4 (1996): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ncr.4100850406.
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Lee, Teng-hui. "Chinese Culture and Political Renewal." Journal of Democracy 6, no. 4 (1995): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jod.1995.0060.
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Avila, Eric, and Mark H. Rose. "Race, Culture, Politics, and Urban Renewal." Journal of Urban History 35, no. 3 (March 2009): 335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144208330393.
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Hayashi, Yohei, and Miho Kusuda Furue. "Biological Effects of Culture Substrates on Human Pluripotent Stem Cells." Stem Cells International 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5380560.
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In recent years, as human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been commonly cultured in feeder-free conditions, a number of cell culture substrates have been applied or developed. However, the functional roles of these substrates in maintaining hPSC self-renewal remain unclear. Here in this review, we summarize the types of these substrates and their effect on maintaining hPSC self-renewal. Endogenous extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression has been shown to be crucial in maintaining hPSC self-renewal. These ECM molecules interact with integrin cell-surface receptors and transmit their cellular signaling. We discuss the possible effect of integrin-mediated signaling pathways on maintaining hPSC self-renewal. Activation of integrin-linked kinase (ILK), which transmits ECM-integrin signaling to AKT (also known as protein kinase B), has been shown to be critical in maintaining hPSC self-renewal. Also, since naïve pluripotency has been widely recognized as an alternative pluripotent state of hPSCs, we discuss the possible effects of culture substrates and integrin signaling on naïve hPSCs based on the studies of mouse embryonic stem cells. Understanding the role of culture substrates in hPSC self-renewal and differentiation enables us to control hPSC behavior precisely and to establish scalable or microfabricated culture technologies for regenerative medicine and drug development.
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Louv, Richard. "The culture of renewal — part I:Characteristics of the community renewal movement." National Civic Review 85, no. 4 (1996): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ncr.4100850409.
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Xie, Xuan, Rafael Nóbrega, and Martin Pšenička. "Spermatogonial Stem Cells in Fish: Characterization, Isolation, Enrichment, and Recent Advances of In Vitro Culture Systems." Biomolecules 10, no. 4 (April 22, 2020): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10040644.
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Spermatogenesis is a continuous and dynamic developmental process, in which a single diploid spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) proliferates and differentiates to form a mature spermatozoon. Herein, we summarize the accumulated knowledge of SSCs and their distribution in the testes of teleosts. We also reviewed the primary endocrine and paracrine influence on spermatogonium self-renewal vs. differentiation in fish. To provide insight into techniques and research related to SSCs, we review available protocols and advances in enriching undifferentiated spermatogonia based on their unique physiochemical and biochemical properties, such as size, density, and differential expression of specific surface markers. We summarize in vitro germ cell culture conditions developed to maintain proliferation and survival of spermatogonia in selected fish species. In traditional culture systems, sera and feeder cells were considered to be essential for SSC self-renewal, in contrast to recently developed systems with well-defined media and growth factors to induce either SSC self-renewal or differentiation in long-term cultures. The establishment of a germ cell culture contributes to efficient SSC propagation in rare, endangered, or commercially cultured fish species for use in biotechnological manipulation, such as cryopreservation and transplantation. Finally, we discuss organ culture and three-dimensional models for in vitro investigation of fish spermatogenesis.
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Louv, Richard. "The culture of renewal, part 2: Characteristics of the community renewal movement." National Civic Review 86, no. 1 (1997): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ncr.4100860114.
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Sullivan, John. "Catholics, Culture and the Renewal of Christian Humanism." Religions 12, no. 5 (May 6, 2021): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12050325.
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If Catholic educators are to equip students to engage with contemporary culture in a way that is credible and winsome, they need first, to be able to draw upon the living tradition of their faith appreciatively, critically and creatively, and second, to articulate a renewed form of Christian humanism. This paper addresses the second of these prerequisites by taking two steps towards the development of a Christian humanism for our times. First, I propose a rationale for the task of rethinking the case for Christian humanism as a resource for both cultural engagement and for educational practice. Second, I consider three potential sources and guides for becoming confident and competent in communicating this renewal of Christian humanism: Jacques Maritain, Romano Guardini and Pope Francis.
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Fleury, Maria Tereza Leme. "Organizational culture and the renewal of competences." BAR - Brazilian Administration Review 6, no. 1 (March 2009): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1807-76922009000100002.
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Catalá-Carrasco, Jorge L., Manuel de la Fuente, and Pablo Valdivia. "Culture, crisis, and renewal: Introduction, Part I." Romance Quarterly 64, no. 3 (June 5, 2017): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08831157.2017.1321315.
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Catalá-Carrasco, Jorge L., Manuel de la Fuente, and Pablo Valdivia. "Culture, crisis, and renewal: Introduction, Part 2." Romance Quarterly 64, no. 4 (August 31, 2017): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08831157.2017.1356132.
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Ema, Hideo, Hina Takano, Kazuhiro Sudo, and Hiromitsu Nakauchi. "In Vitro Self-Renewal Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cells." Journal of Experimental Medicine 192, no. 9 (November 6, 2000): 1281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.192.9.1281.
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Little is known about how hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) self-renew. We studied the regeneration of HSCs in culture. Effects of various cytokines on cell division of CD34−/low c-Kit+Sca-1+ lineage marker–negative (CD34−KSL) bone marrow cells of the mouse were first evaluated in serum-free single cell culture. We then performed a competitive repopulation assay on divided cells to ask if such cell division involved self-renewal of HSCs. In the presence of stem cell factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO) induced a first cell division of CD34−KSL cells more efficiently than did interleukin (IL)-3 or IL-6. Multilineage repopulating cells were detected in a significant proportion of cells derived from single cells in culture with TPO and SCF, although this culture condition led to a substantial decrease in HSC number. These regenerated repopulating cells could be further transplanted into secondary recipients. When paired daughter cells were separately studied, one of a pair gave rise to repopulating cells with self-renewal potential, suggesting asymmetric self-renewal division. This study provides evidence that one HSC regenerates at least one HSC in culture.
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Fábregas, Jaime, Manuel Patiño, Ever D. Morales, Adolfo Dominguez, and Ana Otero. "Distinctive control of metabolic pathways byChlorella autotrophicain semicontinuous culture." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 42, no. 11 (November 1, 1996): 1087–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m96-139.
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The marine microalga Chlorella autotrophica was cultured semicontinuously under light–dark synchronizing conditions at two nutrient concentrations (2 and 4 mmol N∙L−1) and five rates of daily renewal (from 10 to 50% of culture volume). Under such conditions, the biochemical composition of C. autotrophica was strongly influenced by the renewal rate, but unlike other marine microalgae, the nutrient concentration had no effect on the biochemical composition of the organic fraction of the microalga at a given growth rate. Results suggest that this species exerts a strong control over metabolic pathways, independent of the nutrient concentration in the medium.Key words: Chlorella autotrophica, semicontinuous culture, biochemical composition.
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Ema, Hideo, Jun Seita, Jun Ooehara, Akiko Iseki, Hina Takano, and Hiromitsu Nakauchi. "Adaptor Protein Lnk Negatively Controls the Likelihood of Self-Renewal in Hematopoietic Stem Cells." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 1316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.1316.1316.
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Abstract Great progresses are promised for the development of stem cell-based regenerative medicine if we can manipulate stem cell self-renewal. Thus, one of the central tasks in stem cell biology is to understand how stem cell fate is determined. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the best studied stem cells. Their in vivo self-renewal has been extensively studied, but its in vitro recapitulation remains so difficult. We previously reported that HSCs undergo asymmetrical self-renewal division in culture with stem cell factor (SCF) and thrombopoietin (TPO). Since then, we have sought any condition in which HSCs can symmetrically self-renew. We now report in vitro symmetrical self-renewal division of HSCs in the absence of Lnk. Lnk is an adaptor protein containing praline-rich domain, pleckstrin homology domain, and Src homology domain. Lnk-deficient mice have over 10-fold HSCs due to increased self-renewal capacity. CD34−Kit+Sca-1+Lin− cells were purified from bone marrow of wild-type or Lnk-deficient B6 mice, and were subjected to serum-free single cell cultures in the presence of a variety of cyokines. We found that Lnk-deficient CD34−Kit+Sca-1+Lin− cells are hypersensitive to TPO. Repopulating activity in 40 CD34−Kit+Sca-1+Lin− cells from Lnk-deficient mice increased after 3 day-culture with TPO or with SCF and TPO, but not after 3 day-culture with SCF. In contrast, repopulating activity in 40 CD34−Kit+Sca-1+Lin− cells from wild type mice did not significantly change after 3 day-culture with SCF, TPO, or SCF and TPO. Moreover, paired daughter cell-experiments clearly showed that Lnk-deficient, but not wild-type long-term repopulating cells are able to undergo symmetrical self-renewal division at least once in the presence of SCF and TPO. These data suggest that Lnk acts just like a tuner in the regulation of HSC self-renewal downstream of TPO/Mpl signaling. We further investigated TPO-mediated signal transduction pathways in CD34−Kit+Sca-1+Lin− cells. To this end, we developed a novel assay which allowed us to analyze signal transduction in a very limited number of cells. We detected enhanced up-regulation of STAT5 and Akt pathways, and inversely enhanced down-regulation of p38 MAPK pathway in Lnk-deficient CD34−Kit+Sca-1+Lin− cells, as compared with normal ones. These data suggest that these combinational changes in signal transduction lead to initiation of self-renewal in HSCs. We propose that stem cell self-renewal is determined by a balance of positive and negative signals in multiple signal transduction pathways rather than by any particular self-renewal signals.
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Balaian, Larissa, Leslie C. Robertson, Anna Kulidjian, Edward D. Ball, and Catriona Jamieson. "SHH Inhibitor PF-0449913 in Vitro Remodels Leukemic Niche into HSC Supportive Niche." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 4784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4784.4784.
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Abstract Background Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a highly lethal disease with only 20% of 5 years survival. Most AML patients experience relapse usually leading to death. Progression to therapy resistant AML is driven by leukemia stem cells (LSC) harboring enhanced survival, dormancy and self-renewal capacity in supportive niches. Growing evidence indicates that in the development of myeloid malignancies deregulation of stem cells activity is as important as deregulation of the BM microenvironment. Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway molecules in general and SMO in particular are well known to maintain the growth of cancer cells. However, it’s role in leukemia niche-stem cell interaction is not well defined. Therefore, here we investigate: 1/ how the small molecule, SMO antagonist, PF-0449913 impacts the AML BM microenvironment and 2/ how in turn, changes in the activity of AML BM niche cells contribute to its remodeling into HSC supportive niche. Methods CD34- cell from bone marrow patients undergoing hip replacement surgery (normal BM) as well as AML bone marrow were utilized for the development of the primary human stromal monolayers. We investigated stromal cultures of primary normal BM (NBM, n=6) and AML (n=6). As a control human normal bone marrow stromal cell line HS-5 was used. Then human CD34+ cells were selected from AML primary samples (n=6). As a normal control, CD34+ cells from cord blood (CB, n=5), or NBM (n=5) were utilized for the co-culture experiments for up to 9 weeks and then plated in survival and self-renewal assays. PF-0449913 was added to stromal co-cultures or, as a pre-treatment, directly to stromal monolayers. Results In order to examine the role of SMO regulation in LSC generation and maintenance, primary AML (n=6) or cord blood (n=3) CD34+ cells were co-cultures with normal BM (n=3) or AML (n=3) stroma in the presence of novel small molecule inhibitor (PF-0449913) for 2 weeks. It significantly reduced LSC survival and self-renewal, while spared HSC. These effects were not observed in the absence of stroma. Importantly, pre-treatment of the AML stroma with PF-0449913 for 1 week prior- to co-culture also resulted in LSC’s inhibition of survival and self-renewal. AML- and normal BM-derived stroma differ in their ability to support HSC and LSC: LSC (n=6) were capable to self-renew after 9 weeks of co-culture with both normal and AML stroma, while cord blood (n=4) as well as normal BM (n=5) HSC lost their self-renewal potential after only 2 weeks of co-culture with the AML stroma. PF-0449913 induced changes in AML stroma. which was previously unsupportive to HSC survival, it became compliant : self-renewal of HSC increased more than 3 times. It reversed also the inhibitory effect of AML stroma-derived conditioned media (CM). Pre-treatment of the HS-5 cells with CM from AML stroma for 4 weeks prior to co-culture experiments led to significant inhibition of the cord blood (n=3) and NBM (n=3) HSC survival and self-renewal. However, in CM obtained from AML stroma treated with PF-0449913 that effect was reversed. Combined treatment of AML cells (n=6) with PF-0449913 and de-methylating agent Vidaza (5-azacytodine) or CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 resulted in even greater inhibition of LSC survival and self-renewal. However, Vidaza did not mediate changes in AML stroma. Conclusions Together these data indicate that, while both conditioned media and co-culture with AML stroma impaired HSC survival and self-renewal, co-culture conditions resulted in a greater reduction in survival and self-renewal capacity, implicating that cell-cell contact or unstable secreted factors exacerbate the effects. That suggests that microenvironmental cues play a key role in regulating normal HSC versus LSC survival and maintenance, and leukemic stroma exibit severely compromised ability to maintain normal HSCs, but effectively support LSCs. PF-0449913treatment of AML induces not only eradication of LSC, but also mediate changes in AML stroma, supporting HSC generation and maintenance. Simultaneous targeting of both AML niche and LSC could represent a novel avenue for treatment of AML patients. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Miyauchi, J., CA Kelleher, C. Wang, S. Minkin, and EA McCulloch. "Growth factors influence the sensitivity of leukemic stem cells to cytosine arabinoside in culture." Blood 73, no. 5 (April 1, 1989): 1272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v73.5.1272.1272.
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Abstract We have proposed that the blasts in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) are renewal populations maintained by a small subpopulation of stem cells. The balance between self-renewal and differentiation in blast stem cells may be an important attribute contributing to treatment outcome. Cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) is included in most chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of AML. When ara-C survival curves are constructed, the drug appears to be more toxic when an assay is used that detects principally self-renewing divisions, compared with a procedure that depends on terminal divisions. AML blasts usually respond in culture to myelopoietic growth factors; their response often includes a change in self-renewal, differentiation, or both. These features of the model for AML blasts led to the prediction that growth factors would alter ara-C survival curves in a way that depended on the effects of the culture conditions on self-renewal and differentiation. Four AML blast populations were chosen to test this prediction on the basis of our ability to manipulate them by adding or withholding one or more growth factors. Highly significant changes were seen in the ara-C survival curves, depending on the growth factors present in the cultures as was predicted by the observed effects of the factors on renewal and differentiation.
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Miyauchi, J., CA Kelleher, C. Wang, S. Minkin, and EA McCulloch. "Growth factors influence the sensitivity of leukemic stem cells to cytosine arabinoside in culture." Blood 73, no. 5 (April 1, 1989): 1272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v73.5.1272.bloodjournal7351272.
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We have proposed that the blasts in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) are renewal populations maintained by a small subpopulation of stem cells. The balance between self-renewal and differentiation in blast stem cells may be an important attribute contributing to treatment outcome. Cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) is included in most chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of AML. When ara-C survival curves are constructed, the drug appears to be more toxic when an assay is used that detects principally self-renewing divisions, compared with a procedure that depends on terminal divisions. AML blasts usually respond in culture to myelopoietic growth factors; their response often includes a change in self-renewal, differentiation, or both. These features of the model for AML blasts led to the prediction that growth factors would alter ara-C survival curves in a way that depended on the effects of the culture conditions on self-renewal and differentiation. Four AML blast populations were chosen to test this prediction on the basis of our ability to manipulate them by adding or withholding one or more growth factors. Highly significant changes were seen in the ara-C survival curves, depending on the growth factors present in the cultures as was predicted by the observed effects of the factors on renewal and differentiation.
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Olsen, Jayme L., Judith Aeschlimann, Connie M. Westhoff, and James Palis. "Bmi-1 Regulates Ex Vivo Self-Renewal of Human Erythroblasts." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-118421.
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Abstract About twelve million units of red blood cells (RBCs) are transfused yearly in the United States. Ex vivo cultured RBCs could serve as a supplemental source to treat alloimmunized patients requiring chronic transfusions. The limited proliferative capacity of erythroid precursors is a major obstacle to generating sufficient numbers of RBCs to constitute even one unit of blood. We previously determined that erythroblasts derived from the murine embryo have a unique ability to self-renew extensively ex vivo, and that Bmi-1, a member of the polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), is both necessary and sufficient to drive the extensive self-renewal of murine bone marrow-derived erythroblasts. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Bmi-1 regulates the ex vivo self-renewal of human erythroid cells. Bmi-1 overexpression increased the proliferative capacity of adult human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived erythroblasts, which normally have restricted ex vivo self-renewal, more than 10 billion-fold. Bmi-1-induced self-renewing erythroblasts (iSREs) retained an immature erythroid morphology and cell surface phenotype throughout culture. Chemical inhibition of Bmi-1 led to collapse of the culture, with a massive reduction in cycling cells and an increase in apoptosis. Taken together, these data indicate that Bmi-1 in iSREs is both necessary and sufficient to increase the self-renewal capacity of human erythroid precursors. Importantly, Bmi-1 overexpression does not interfere with the ability of the iSREs to mature into reticulocytes in vitro. Serological analysis of multiple blood group antigens demonstrated that iSRE-derived reticulocytes express the same antigens as the donor's RBCs. Bmi-1 can act as part of canonical or non-canonical PRC1 and different complex members have been associated with hematopoietic self-renewal versus differentiation. Expression studies of self-renewing human erythroblasts revealed that the non-canonical PRC1 member, RYBP, was expressed at higher levels than canonical PRC1 members. In addition, maturation of erythroid precursors is associated with down-regulation of Bmi-1 and non-canonical PRC1 members, as well as the upregulation of several canonical members. Knockdown of RYBP reduced the proliferative capacity of the iSREs, suggesting that Bmi-1 regulates erythroid self-renewal through non-canonical PRC1 interactions. Consistent with this hypothesis, preliminary studies inhibiting canonical PRC1 members led to an additional several trillion-fold increase in the ex vivo proliferative capacity of human iSREs compared to vehicle-treated control cultures. These data suggest that Bmi-1 regulates erythroid self-renewal through non-canonical PRC1. Increasing the ex vivo self-renewal capacity of human erythroblasts ultimately paves the way for the generation of sufficient numbers of cultured RBCs for blood typing and transfusion therapy, as well as the establishment of in vitro models of RBC-intrinsic disorders. Disclosures Palis: Rubies Therapeutics: Consultancy.
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Robinson, Ken, and Paul Hammond. "John Oldham and the Renewal of Classical Culture." Yearbook of English Studies 18 (1988): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3508224.
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Adams, Laura L. "Invention, institutionalization and renewal in Uzbekistan's national culture." European Journal of Cultural Studies 2, no. 3 (September 1999): 355–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136754949900200304.
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Morgan, George, and Xuefei Ren. "The Creative Underclass: Culture, Subculture, and Urban Renewal." Journal of Urban Affairs 34, no. 2 (May 2012): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.2012.00606.x.
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Himburg, Heather A., Garrett Muramoto, Sarah Kristen Meadows, Alice Bryn Salter, Nelson J. Chao, and John Chute. "Pleiotrophin Is a Growth Factor for Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Induces Stem Cell Self-Renewal." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.78.78.
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Abstract The ability to undergo self-renewal is a defining feature of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) but the extrinsic signals which regulate HSC self-renewal remain unclear. We performed a genome-wide expression analysis on primary human brain ECs (HUBECs, n=10) which support the ex vivo expansion of HSCs in non-contact culture (Blood100:4433–4439; Blood105:576–583) and non-brain ECs which do not support HSC expansion (n=8) in order to identify soluble proteins overexpressed by the HSC-supportive HUBECs. We identified pleiotrophin (PTN), an 18 kD heparin binding growth factor, to be 32-fold overexpressed in HUBECs as compared to non-supportive EC lines. PTN has established activity in angiogenesis, embryogenesis, neuronal cell growth and tumorigenesis, but has no known function in hematopoiesis. We first tested whether secreted PTN was responsible for the amplification of HSCs that we have observed in co-cultures of HSCs with HUBECs via “loss of function” studies in which a blocking anti-PTN antibody was added to HUBEC cultures and HSC content was measured. Competitive repopulating unit (CRU) assays were performed in which limiting doses of donor CD45.1+ bone marrow (BM) 34−c-kit+sca-1+lin− (34-KSL) HSCs (10, 30 or 100 cells) or their progeny following 7 day non-contact culture with HUBECs + IgG or HUBECs + a blocking anti-PTN were transplanted into lethally irradiated CD45.2+ C57Bl6 mice. Mice transplanted with the progeny of 34-KSL cells cultured with HUBECs demonstrated 4–6 fold increased levels of donor-derived CD45.1+ multilineage repopulation at 8-, 12- and 24-weeks post-transplantation as compared to mice transplanted with input 34-KSL cells. In contrast, mice transplanted with the progeny of 34-KSL cells following culture with HUBECs + anti-PTN demonstrated significant reduction in donor CD45.1+ cell repopulation compared to mice transplanted with the progeny of HUBEC cultures and no difference in donor CD45.1+ cell engraftment compared to mice transplanted with input 34-KSL cells. CRU frequency within day 0 34-KSL cells was estimated to be 1 in 40 cells (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1/22-1/72), whereas the CRU estimate within the progeny of 34-KSL cells following HUBEC culture was 1 in 4 cells (CI: 1/2-1/9). The addition of anti-PTN to the HUBEC co-culture decreased the CRU estimate to 1 in 29 cells (CI: 1/16-1/52), suggesting that PTN signaling was responsible for the expansion of HSCs observed in HUBEC co-cultures. In order to confirm whether PTN is indeed a novel growth and self-renewal factor for HSCs, we next performed “gain of function” studies in which 34-KSL cells were placed in liquid suspension cultures with cytokines (thrombopoietin 50 ng/mL, SCF 120 ng/mL, flt-3 ligand 20 ng/mL) with and without the addition of increasing doses of recombinant murine PTN (10, 50 and 100 ng/mL) and total cell expansion and HSC content were compared. The addition of 100 ng/mL PTN to cytokine cultures caused a 20-fold increase in KSL cell content at day 7 compared to input (P<0.001), whereas a decline in KSL cells was observed with cytokine cultures alone (P<0.001), suggesting that PTN caused an expansion of stem/progenitor cells in vitro. Competitive repopulating assays were performed in which CD45.2+ recipient mice were lethally irradiated and transplanted with limiting doses (10, 30 and 100 cells) of CD45.1+ donor BM 34-KSL cells or their progeny following culture with cytokines alone or cytokines + 100 ng/mL PTN. CRU analysis at 4 weeks post-transplantation revealed that the CRU frequency within input 34-KSL cells was was 1 in 32 cells (CI: 1/18-1/57) and the CRU estimate within the progeny of 34-KSL cells cultured with cytokines alone was 1 in 69 (CI: 1/36-1/130). Conversely, the CRU estimate within the progeny of 34-KSL cells cultured with cytokines + PTN was 1 in 4 cells (CI: 1/2-1/10), indicating a 8-fold increase in short term repopulating cell content in response to PTN treatment. Longer term analysis will be performed in these mice to confirm whether PTN treatment induces the self-renewal and amplification of long-term repopulating HSCs in culture. Taken together, these data demonstrate that secreted PTN is primarily responsible for amplification of HSCs that we have observed in cultures of HSCs with ECs and the addition of PTN alone induces the expansion of phenotypic and functional HSCs in culture. PTN is therefore a novel soluble growth factor for HSCs and appears to play an important role in the extrinsic regulation of HSC self-renewal.
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Zhu, Shiyao, Dezhi Li, Haibo Feng, Tiantian Gu, and Jiawei Zhu. "AHP-TOPSIS-Based Evaluation of the Relative Performance of Multiple Neighborhood Renewal Projects: A Case Study in Nanjing, China." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 21, 2019): 4545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174545.
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With the rapid development of urbanization worldwide, there is a large volume of neighborhoods that need to be renewed with various problems such as poor building performance, few public facilities, congested road traffic, unequal living standards, disappearing community culture, and deprived environments. Performance evaluations are considered to be useful tools for ensuring the outcomes of sustainable renewal. Although many research works have assessed the performances of urban renewal projects, evaluations, especially for neighborhood renewal projects, are often overlooked. Besides, it is also hard to find a general standard that is suitable for evaluating the performance of any neighborhood renewal project with a lack of related regulations or codes. Thus, this paper intends to build a framework to assess the relative performances of multiple neighborhood renewal projects through a hybrid AHP-TOPSIS method. A case study in Nanjing, China, is used to show how this framework could be applied to decision-making in order to pursue sustainable neighborhood renewal. The results are expected to provide references for sustainable renewal in each neighborhood. Suggestions related to the findings are proposed to further improve the performances of neighborhood renewal projects, such as establishing a multiple principle–agent framework, providing a sustainable funding system from both the public and private sector, and implementing multiprogram management measures.
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Heidenreich, Martin, and Beatriz Plaza. "Renewal through Culture? The Role of Museums in the Renewal of Industrial Regions in Europe." European Planning Studies 23, no. 8 (August 8, 2013): 1441–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2013.817544.
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de Gruchy, John. "Humanism, Religion and the Renewal of Culture: A Review." Modern Theology 31, no. 1 (November 10, 2014): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/moth.12143.
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Vilne, Baiba, Rouzanna Istvanffy, Christina Eckl, Franziska Bock, Olivia Prazeres da Costa, Volker Stümpflen, Christian Peschel, Hans-Werner Mewes, and Robert A. J. Oostendorp. "Secreted Mediators of Self-Renewal of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Identified Using Bio-Informatic Analysis of Co-Cultures of HSC and Stromal Cells." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 2353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.2353.2353.
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Abstract Abstract 2353 Hematopoiesis is maintained throughout life by the constant production of mature blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). One mechanism by which the number of HSC is maintained is self-renewal, a cell division in which at least one of the daughter cells is a cell with the same functional potential as the mother cell. The mechanisms of this process are largely unknown. We have described cell lines that maintain self-renewal in culture. To study possible mechanisms and mediators involved in self-renewal, we performed co-cultures of HSC model cells: Lineage-negative Sca-1+ c-Kit+ (LSK) cells and HSC maintaining UG26–1B6 stromal cells. Microarray analyses were performed on cells prior to co-culture and cells sorted from the cultures. STEM clustering analysis of the data revealed that most changes in gene expression were due to early cell activation. Functional enrichment analysis revealed dynamic changes in focal adhesion and mTOR signaling, as well as changes in epigenetic regulators, such as HDAC in stromal cells. In LSK cells, genes whose products are involved in inflammation, Oxygen homeostasis and metabolism were differentially expressed after the co-culture. In addition, genes involved in the regulaton of H3K27 methylation were also affected. Interestingly, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), which is involved in TGF-b, BMP and Wnt signaling, was upregulated in both stromal and LSK cells in the first day of co-culture. To study a possible extrinsic role of CTGF as a stromal mediator, we co-cultured siCTGF knockdown stromal cells with wild-type LSK cells. Since self-renewal requires cell division, we focused on cell cycle regulation of LSK cells. We found that knockdown of CTGF in stromal cells downregulates CTGF in LSK cells. In addition, knockdown of stromal CTGF downregulated Ccnd1, Cdk2, Cdkn1a (p21), Ep300 and Fos. On the other hand, decreased CTGF in stromal cells upregulates Cdkn1b (p27) and phosphorylation of Smad2/3. These results show that stromal CTGF regulates the cell cycle of LSK cells. On a functional level, we found that decreased stromal CTGF results in an increased production of MPP and myeloid colony-forming cells in 1-week co-cultures. We will present data showing whether and how a decrease in CTGF in stromal cells affects the maintenance of transplantable HSC. In summary, our current results indicate that reduced expression of CTGF in stromal cells regulates mediators of cell cycle and Smad2/3-mediated signaling in LSK cells, resulting in an increased production of myeloid progenitors. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Kato, Keizo, Barbara Varnum-Finney, and Irwin D. Bernstein. "Notch Signaling in Hematopoietic Precursor Cells Maintains the Expression of Genes Required for Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Promotes the Expression of Genes Associated with T cell Differentiation." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 1699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.1699.1699.
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Abstract Notch Signaling in Hematopoietic Precursor Cells Maintains the Expression of Genes Required for Stem Cell Self-renewal and Promotes the Expression of Genes Associated with T cell Differentiation. Keizo Kato, Barbara Varnum-Finney, Irwin D. Bernstein Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA We have previously shown that Notch signaling promotes the self-renewal of hematopoietic precursors, including short-term repopulating cells, and induces early T-cell differentiation. Here we evaluate gene expression in murine Lin-Sca-1+c-kit+ Hoechst side population (SKSP) bone marrow cells during culture with the immobilized Notch ligand, Delta1ext-IgG, consisting of the extracellular domain of Delta1 fused to the Fc domain of human-IgG1 for 28 days with SCF, IL-6, IL-11 and Flt-3-ligand. We analyzed hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) associated genes, including polycomb genes, Bmi-1 and Rae28, required for HSC self-renewal, and Rex-1 required for embryonic stem cell self-renewal, together with early T-lymphoid differentiation associated genes such as GATA-3, pre-Ta and CD3e, by semi-quantitative or real-time RT-PCR. After culture for 7 or 14 days with Delta1ext-IgG, the expression of Bmi-1, Rae28 and Rex-1 was greater in cultures containing Delta1ext-IgG compared to those without. Bmi-1, Rae28 and Rex-1 were likely not direct targets of Notch signaling since the expression in SKSP cells was equivalent after 3 hours culture in the presence or absence of Notch ligand, whereas rapid up-regulation of the direct Notch target Hes1 was observed 3 hours after incubation with Delta1ext-IgG. Expression of GATA-3, pre-Ta and CD3e was induced by Notch signaling since their expression was seen by 7-14 days with but not without Delta1ext-IgG. Furthermore, the expression of these genes was dependent on Notch signaling since removal of cells from Notch ligand after culture for 28 days led to a rapid reduction of Hes1 expression within 3 hours, and a slower reduction in genes associated with self-renewal observed after 2 days. Our results suggest that Notch signaling regulates the self-renewal of hematopoietic precursors by maintaining the expression of genes known to be required for stem cell self-renewal, while also promoting the expression of T-cell differentiation-associated genes.
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Saenz-de-Juano, M. D., C. Naturil-Alfonso, J. S. Vicente, and F. Marco-Jiménez. "Effect of different culture systems on mRNA expression in developing rabbit embryos." Zygote 21, no. 1 (August 15, 2011): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199411000414.
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SummaryThe rate of zygotes in vitro developed to hatched blastocyst stage was evaluated between two different commercial media (TCM-199 and Ham's F10) and two different culture systems (renewal and non-renewal single medium) to determine the effects of culture conditions on rabbit embryo preimplantation development. The relative transcript abundances of OCT4, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (erbB3) of resultant blastocysts were also analysed and compared with in vivo developed blastocysts. Results showed an important divergence in mRNA expression between embryos developed under in vivo and in vitro conditions despite there being no significant difference in hatching blastocyst rates between different culture systems and different media. For OCT4, transcript abundance of in vitro culture embryos differs from their in vivo chronological counterparts, but, when the medium is renewed, mRNA expression seemed similar to in vivo developed 4-day-old embryos. In addition, VEGF and erbB3 expression showed marked variation between different in vitro conditions. Therefore, the study of specific transcript abundance in rabbit blastocyst provides a more detailed description of which alterations in gene expression occur due in vitro conditions, and further studies should be carried out to reduce current limitations of long-term culture of rabbit pre-implantation embryos.
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Harrison, DE, CP Lerner, and E. Spooncer. "Erythropoietic repopulating ability of stem cells from long-term marrow culture." Blood 69, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 1021–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v69.4.1021.1021.
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Abstract Hemopoietic precursors are heterogeneous with respect to their capacity for self-renewal and long-term repopulating ability. Bone marrow cultures produce a variety of precursors over many weeks, including CFU- S; however, it is important to determine whether these populations retain the functional ability shown by fresh marrow. The most primitive precursor or stem cells have the most long-term repopulating ability. We here describe direct measurements of this ability in cells from marrow cultures by using competitive repopulation assays. Cultured adherent cells repeatedly showed less capacity than fresh marrow cells to repopulate erythropoiesis in irradiated recipients, whereas cultured suspension cells consistently had less capacity than adherent cells. Concentrations of macroscopic CFU-S measured at nine or 12 days were similar in cultured adherent and suspension cells and generally lower than those in fresh marrow. In every experiment, the long-term repopulating ability of the marrow cells used was substantially reduced after transfer into tissue culture. Thus, primitive stem cells may not proliferate in such cultures despite extensive production of CFU-S and more differentiated cell types.
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Harrison, DE, CP Lerner, and E. Spooncer. "Erythropoietic repopulating ability of stem cells from long-term marrow culture." Blood 69, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 1021–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v69.4.1021.bloodjournal6941021.
Full textAbstract:
Hemopoietic precursors are heterogeneous with respect to their capacity for self-renewal and long-term repopulating ability. Bone marrow cultures produce a variety of precursors over many weeks, including CFU- S; however, it is important to determine whether these populations retain the functional ability shown by fresh marrow. The most primitive precursor or stem cells have the most long-term repopulating ability. We here describe direct measurements of this ability in cells from marrow cultures by using competitive repopulation assays. Cultured adherent cells repeatedly showed less capacity than fresh marrow cells to repopulate erythropoiesis in irradiated recipients, whereas cultured suspension cells consistently had less capacity than adherent cells. Concentrations of macroscopic CFU-S measured at nine or 12 days were similar in cultured adherent and suspension cells and generally lower than those in fresh marrow. In every experiment, the long-term repopulating ability of the marrow cells used was substantially reduced after transfer into tissue culture. Thus, primitive stem cells may not proliferate in such cultures despite extensive production of CFU-S and more differentiated cell types.
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Landry, Charles. "Arts, Culture and the City: An Overview." Built Environment 46, no. 2 (May 14, 2020): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.46.2.170.
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More people, more organizations, more towns, cities, regions and countries for more reasons have found that over the last 30 years the arts, their broader culture and overall creativity has something in it for them in renewal and revitalization. Over the last decade there have been over a hundred studies of the economic and social importance or impact of the arts, culture, heritage, the recycling of buildings for cultural purposes, creative quarters and the creative economy across the world. Yet there is much more to the arts, culture and creativity in city development. Places in transition urgently need to develop an overall culture of creativity cu ing across all domains within which the arts can be significant. This can be a painful exercise as old certainties crumble and systems, like education, need rethinking. Yet this can unleash new social innovations, new business models and new forms of citizen engagement. Renewal and transformation together are a cultural project involving a shift in mindset and perspective. Creativity is a primary resource as it creates the conditions from which innovations can emerge. Within this the creative economy sectors, especially when aligned to the dramatic digitization dynamic, play a significant role in developing new products and services, generating jobs, anchoring identity and helping expression. Cultural activities and programming and the physical assets of places, their heritage and older industrial buildings are significant elements in the renewal repertoire.
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Nara, N., and E. A. McCulloch. "Membranes replace irradiated blast cells as growth requirement for leukemic blast progenitors in suspension culture." Journal of Experimental Medicine 162, no. 5 (November 1, 1985): 1435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.162.5.1435.
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The blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) may be considered as a renewal population, maintained by blast stem cells capable of both self-renewal and the generation of progeny with reduced or absent proliferative potential. Blast progenitor renewal is manifested in suspension culture by an exponential increase in clonogenic cells. This growth requires that two conditions be met: first, the cultures must contain growth factors in media conditioned either by phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated mononuclear leukocytes (PHA-LCM), or by cells of the continuous bladder carcinoma line HTB9 (HTB9-CM). Second, the cell density must be maintained at 10(6) blasts/ml; this may be achieved by adding irradiated cells to smaller numbers of intact blasts. We are concerned with the mechanism of the feeding function. We present evidence that (a) cell-cell contact is required. (b) Blasts are heterogeneous in respect to their capacity to support growth. (c) Fractions containing membranes from blast cells will substitute for intact cells in promoting the generation of new blast progenitors in culture. (d) This membrane function may be specific for AML blasts, since membranes from blasts of lymphoblastic leukemia or normal marrow cells were inactive.
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McCulloch, CA, M. Strugurescu, F. Hughes, AH Melcher, and JE Aubin. "Osteogenic progenitor cells in rat bone marrow stromal populations exhibit self-renewal in culture." Blood 77, no. 9 (May 1, 1991): 1906–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v77.9.1906.1906.
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Abstract Marrow stromal cells are a heterogeneous population, comprising a variety of lineages including osteogenic cells. In the presence of ascorbic acid, sodium beta-glycerophosphate, and dexamethasone, rat bone marrow stromal cells form discrete nodules of mineralized, bonelike tissue. We used nodule formation by rat bone marrow stromal cells to assay for the self-renewal capacity of osteogenic progenitor cell populations. Cultures were subcultured every 5 days up to six times. Osteogenesis was assayed from second to sixth subcultures by counting the number and measuring the areas of mineralized nodules formed in cultures grown with 10(-8) mol/L dexamethasone. Nodule number and area decreased progressively between second and sixth subcultures. Alkaline phosphatase activity associated with individual cells and measured videodensitometrically decreased exponentially between the second and sixth subculture. The number of cells with alkaline phosphatase activity also decreased with progressive subculturing. The proportions of 3H-thymidine-labeled cells after continuous labeling from the beginning of the culture period showed 90% labeling for cells with alkaline phosphatase activity and fibroblastlike cells. Cultures labeled for only the first 3 days exhibited higher labeling of alkaline phosphatase-positive cells than fibroblastlike cells (P less than .05). Cultures that were flash-labeled at the end of the culture period demonstrated low labeling indices for cells with alkaline phosphatase activity and up to 10-fold higher labeling indices for fibroblastlike cells. Separate cultures treated with a cytocidal dose of high specific activity 3H-thymidine did not form nodules. These results indicate that osteogenic progenitor cells or another cell type required for nodules to develop must divide early in culture if nodule formation is to occur, and that osteoprogenitor cells express a limited capacity for self-renewal.
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McCulloch, CA, M. Strugurescu, F. Hughes, AH Melcher, and JE Aubin. "Osteogenic progenitor cells in rat bone marrow stromal populations exhibit self-renewal in culture." Blood 77, no. 9 (May 1, 1991): 1906–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v77.9.1906.bloodjournal7791906.
Full textAbstract:
Marrow stromal cells are a heterogeneous population, comprising a variety of lineages including osteogenic cells. In the presence of ascorbic acid, sodium beta-glycerophosphate, and dexamethasone, rat bone marrow stromal cells form discrete nodules of mineralized, bonelike tissue. We used nodule formation by rat bone marrow stromal cells to assay for the self-renewal capacity of osteogenic progenitor cell populations. Cultures were subcultured every 5 days up to six times. Osteogenesis was assayed from second to sixth subcultures by counting the number and measuring the areas of mineralized nodules formed in cultures grown with 10(-8) mol/L dexamethasone. Nodule number and area decreased progressively between second and sixth subcultures. Alkaline phosphatase activity associated with individual cells and measured videodensitometrically decreased exponentially between the second and sixth subculture. The number of cells with alkaline phosphatase activity also decreased with progressive subculturing. The proportions of 3H-thymidine-labeled cells after continuous labeling from the beginning of the culture period showed 90% labeling for cells with alkaline phosphatase activity and fibroblastlike cells. Cultures labeled for only the first 3 days exhibited higher labeling of alkaline phosphatase-positive cells than fibroblastlike cells (P less than .05). Cultures that were flash-labeled at the end of the culture period demonstrated low labeling indices for cells with alkaline phosphatase activity and up to 10-fold higher labeling indices for fibroblastlike cells. Separate cultures treated with a cytocidal dose of high specific activity 3H-thymidine did not form nodules. These results indicate that osteogenic progenitor cells or another cell type required for nodules to develop must divide early in culture if nodule formation is to occur, and that osteoprogenitor cells express a limited capacity for self-renewal.
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Du, Han Han, and Jun Du. "Urban Renewal with Extension of Urban Architectural Culture as Orientation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.452.
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The protection and development of traditional architectural culture and traditional feature area in the process of city renewal is a problem requires prompt solution in the trend of urban construction in China. Different cities have different architectural features. How to extend original urban architectural culture and protect the traditions and features of local architectural culture has become an important subject. This article will take the reconstruction and extension project of Hangzhou Jianlan Middle School as an example to analyze and discuss this subject and propose a practical urban renewal plan with extension of urban architectural culture as orientation.
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Ludwig, Annette, Rainer Saffrich, Volker Eckstein, Angela Lenze, Anke Diehlmann, Anthony D. Ho, and Patrick Wuchter. "Plerixafor Abrogates the Supportive Function of MSC for Self-Renewal of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells,." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 3408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.3408.3408.
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Abstract Abstract 3408 The CXCR4-SDF1α axis plays an important role in maintaining the stemness of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). In the present study we established a surrogate model for the bone marrow niche by culturing HSC on a feeder-layer of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and investigated the proliferation and differentiation behaviour upon perturbation by Plerixafor. HSC (CD34+ cells) were isolated from umbilical cord blood by fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS). MSC were derived from bone marrow aspirates from healthy voluntary donors. HSC were stained with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and cultured on MSC feeder-layer for 6 days. For evaluating the influence of the culture medium on MSC cultures, three different media conditions (M1-M3) were used. Medium 1 (M1) contained 2% fetal calf serum (FCS), medium 2 (M2) contained 10% FCS and medium 3 (M3) contained GMP-grade human platelet lysate (hPL). Proliferation of HSC was calculated by analyzing the distribution of the CFSE dye (measured at day 1 and day 6). Plerixafor was added in concentrations of 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 μM. On day 6, HSCs were harvested and analyzed by flow cytometry for CD34, CD38 and CXCR4 expressions in relationship to the cell division rate. When co-cultured with MSC, the division kinetics of HSC was increased, while the proportion of CD34+ cells remained significantly higher compared to HSC without MSC. Accordingly, more CD38− HSC were found after 6 days upon co-culture with MSC. All three MSC preparations supported self-renewing proliferation of HSC, whereas MSC M1 induced the strongest effect. This underlines that co-culture with MSC has a significant supportive function for hematopoiesis. The additional exposure to Plerixafor in the co-culture system partially reversed this effect in a dose-dependent manner: division rate of HSC and the proportion of CD34+ and CD38− cells were reduced with higher concentrations of Plerixafor. The reduction of self-renewing proliferation by Plerixafor was not observed in controls consisting of HSC without MSC. Plerixafor also rendered the CXCR4 receptors undetectable on the surface of CD34+ cells for up to 6 days, most probably due to a persisting blockade of the antibody-binding site. Human HSC co-cultured with MSC showed an increased cell division rate and produced a higher proportion of CD34+/CD38− cells. Different MSC culture media were systematically analysed in this setting and subtle differences in the supportive function could be observed. The addition of Plerixafor neutralized the effects of MSC, leading to an earlier loss of “stemness” and to lineage-commitment of HSC, thus providing evidence for the role of the CXCR4/SDF1α axis in terms of supportive function of MSC for self-renewal of HSC. Disclosures: Ho: Genzyme: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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Zhou, Tong. "Research on the Protection and Renewal of Historical and Cultural Cities Based on Cultural Geography." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 6706–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.6706.
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As a result of its deep historical and cultural connotation, the research on historical and cultural cities has become a diverse academic filed. But the integrated systematic theory of the protection and renewal of historical and cultural cities is still under construction. We state the protection and renewal of historical and cultural cities based on Culture Geography. Some physical and spiritual problems and conflicts of the protection of historical and cultural cities have been tried to be solved based on the framework of culture geography. From the perspective of culture geography, cultural landscape and cultural ecology of historical and cultural cities have been analyzed and revealed. The new viewpoint addressed on the theory of the protection and renewal of historical and cultural cities is excepting to be approved.
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Zozuľak, Ján. "The Influence of Greek Spirituality on Russian Culture." Religions 12, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12070455.
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In this article, we will analyze the influence of Greek spirituality on Russian culture in the second half of the 18th century, when Enlightenment ideas infused Russian society. Russian intellectual circles and the upper social class were inspired by Western categories of thought. The absence of a living theology that would give man the true meaning of life has caused tension and a great spiritual crisis in Russian society. One possible solution was to start a fight against the Enlightenment and reject any Western ideas. The second solution was to pay attention to the forgotten tradition and look for inspiration in it for the renewal of spiritual life. The spiritual renewal, known as the philokalic movement, leaned towards the second solution, building upon the Byzantine hesychastic tradition of the 14th century. This paved the way for a new era of Orthodox spirituality, which significantly influenced thinking and spiritual life in Russia. The movement of spiritual renewal is associated with the translation and publication of manuscripts written by Byzantine niptic authors, which were published in the book Dobrotolublye (gr. Philokalia). This significantly contributed to the spread of the hesychastic tradition in Russia and became an impetus for a return to Byzantine spiritual values. This article examines the spiritual, literary, and cultural activities of the most important centers of Russian Hesychasm, such as Sarov, Valaam, and Optina, and their influence on Russian society, which has not yet been recognized sufficiently.
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Wild, Mark. "Liberal Protestants and Urban Renewal." Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 25, no. 1 (2015): 110–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.2015.25.1.110.
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AbstractThis article examines the liberal Protestant encounter with the urban renewal programs that remade U.S. cities after World War II. Suburbanization had punishing consequences for cities and threatened the already tenuous presence of liberal Protestants there. The concept of renewal—in both its religious and secular dimensions—promised a solution to these problems. Many renewalists, those clergy and laypeople who viewed deteriorating urban neighborhoods as an opportunity to restore Church unity, initially embraced urban renewal as a secular corollary to their work. But the interaction among ecclesial organizations, government, and inner city parishioners over its implementation exacerbated tensions within liberal Protestantism. Many who initially supported urban renewal came to conclude that its results did not match their own objectives. By supporting challenges to redevelopment from African Americans, Latinos, and other urban residents, renewalists criticized the Church for what they believed to be complicity in the degradation of Christian culture and the urban environment.This history demonstrates the mutual influence of culture and organizational structure within liberal Protestantism and the impact of those changes on secular society. Renewalists grappling with urban renewal programs interpreted both theological and secular concepts through their own experiences with city populations, Church bodies, government, and redevelopment agencies. Their subsequent actions prompted mainline denominational leaders to support, for a time, at least, ministries geared more towards to indigenous community development. Such ministries reflected a more pluralist conception of society and the Church's role in it. Eventually, renewalists' opponents turned this pluralist conception on its head, decentralizing the church bureaucracies that had funded their ministries. An analogous process took place in the urban renewal programs themselves, underscoring the ways in which religious and urban histories intersect.
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Boyer, Matthew J., Feng Xu, Hui Yu, and Tao Cheng. "DNMT3b’s Role in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Self-Renewal." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.1406.1406.
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Abstract DNA methylation is an epigenetic means of gene regulation and is carried out by a family of methyltransferases of which DNMT1 acts to maintain methylation marks following DNA replication and DNMT3a and DNMT3b methylate DNA de novo. DNMT3b has been shown to be essential for mammalian development and necessary for differentiation of germline and neural progenitor cells. Mutations of DNMT3b in humans lead to a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by immunodeficiency, centromeric instability, and facial abnormalities. We have shown by real-time, RT-PCR that DNMT3b mRNA is uniquely over-expressed by approximately 30-fold in immunophenotypically-defined longterm repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that are CD34−lineage−c-kit+Sca-1+ as compared to progenitor and differentiated cell types within the bone marrow and with respect to the other members of the DNMT family, namely DNMT1 and DNMT3a. To determine DNMT3b’s function in HSCs competitive bone marrow transplantation was undertaken. Isolated lineage− enriched bone marrow cells were transduced with a retroviral backbone based on the Murine Stem Cell Virus (MSCV) carrying either GFP and a short, hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting DNMT3b or GFP alone. Following transduction 1×105 GFP+ cells along with 1×105 competitor cells were transplanted into 9.5 Gray irradiated congenic recipients. Two months following transplantation mice receiving bone marrow cells transduced with DNMT3b shRNA showed a significantly lower engraftment of donor cells as a percentage of total competitor cell engraftment in the peripheral blood as compared to those receiving cells transduced with GFP alone (24.8 vs 3.7, p<0.05) which persisted at 3 months (22.8 vs 1.5, p<0.05). Similarly, within the donor derviced cells in the peripheral blood there was a lower percentage of myeloid (CD11b+) cells at 2 and 3 months in the recipients of DNMT3b shRNA transduced cells as compared to controls. However there was no observed difference in the percentage of peripheral B (CD45R+) or T (CD3+) cells within the donor-derived cells. To determine the mechanism behind the observed engraftment defect with DNMT3b knockdown we cultured GFP+ transduced bone marrow cells in vitro with minimal cytokine support. As a control for our targeting methodology we also transduced bone marrow cells from mice harboring two floxed DNMT3b alleles with a MSCV carrying Cre recombinase and GFP. While lineage− bone marrow cells transduced with GFP alone increased 10-fold in number over two weeks of culture, cells in which DNMT3b was down regulated by shRNA or Cre-mediated recombination only doubled. Culture of lineage− bone marrow cells in methylcellulose medium by the colony-forming cell (CFC) assay revealed increases in the granulocytic and total number of colonies with DNMT3b knockdown or Cre-mediated recombination of DNMT3b similar to the increased myeloid engraftment of DNMT3b shRNA transduced cells observed 1 month following competitive bone marrow transplantation. However when 5,000 of these cells from the first CFC assay were sub-cultured there was a significant loss of colony forming ability within all lineages when DNMT3b was targeted by shRNA or Cre-mediated recombination. Taken together with the decreased engraftment of DNMT3b shRNA cells following competitive bone marrow transplantation, the observed limited proliferation in liquid culture and loss of colony forming ability during serial CFC assays is suggestive of a self-renewal defect of HSCs in the absence of DNMT3b, that was previously only reported in the absence of both DNMT3a and DNMT3b. Further elucidation of this proposed self-renewal defect is being undertaken and results of ongoing studies including long-term culture initiating cell (LTC-IC) assays and identification of genomic sites of DNA methylation within different hematopoietic subsets will also be presented.
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Rizo, Aleksandra, Edo Vellenga, Gerald de Haan, and Jan Jacob Schuringa. "Ex-Vivo Expansion of Human Cord Blood CD34+ Cells by Overexpression of Bmi-1." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.1329.1329.
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Abstract Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are able to self-renew and differentiate into cells of all hematopoietic lineages. Because of this unique property, they are used for HSC transplantations and could serve as a potential source of cells for future gene therapy. However, the difficulty to expand or even maintain HSCs ex vivo has been a major limitation for their clinical applications. Here, we report that overexpression of the Polycomb group gene Bmi-1 in human cord blood-derived HSCs can potentially overcome this limitation as stem/progenitor cells could be maintained in liquid culture conditions for over 16 weeks. In mouse studies, it has been reported that increased expression of Bmi-1 promotes HSC self-renewal, while loss-of-function analysis revealed that Bmi-1 is implicated in maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). In a clinically more relevant model, using human cord blood CD34+ cells, we have established a long-term ex-vivo expansion method by stable overexpression of the Bmi-1 gene. Bmi-1-transduced cells proliferated in liquid cultures supplemented with 20% serum, SCF, TPO, Flt3 ligand, IL3 and IL6 for more than 4 months, with a cumulative cell expansion of more then 2×105-fold. The cells remained cytokine-dependent, while about 4% continued to express CD34 for over 20 weeks of culture. The cultured cells retained their progenitor activity throughout the long-term expansion protocol. The colony-forming units (CFUs) were present at a frequency of ~ 30 colonies per 10 000 cells 16 weeks after culture and consisted of CFU-GM, BFU-E and high numbers of CFU-GEMM type progenitors. After plating the transduced cells in co-cultures with the stromal cell line MS5, Bmi-1 cells showed a proliferative advantage as compared to control cells, with a cumulative cell expansion of 44,9 fold. The non-adherent cells from the co-cultures gave rise to higher numbers of colonies of all types (~70 colonies/10.000 cells) after 4 weeks of co-culture. The LTC-IC frequencies were 5-fold higher in the Bmi-1-transduced cells compared to control cells (1/361 v.s. 1/2077, respectively). Further studies will be focused on in-vivo transplantation of the long-term cultured cells in NOD/SCID mice to test their repopulating capacity. In conclusion, our data implicate Bmi-1 as an important modulator of human HSC self-renewal and suggest that it can be a potential target for therapeutic manipulation of human HSCs.
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England, Samantha J., Kathleen E. McGrath, Jenna M. Frame, and James Palis. "Immature erythroblasts with extensive ex vivo self-renewal capacity emerge from the early mammalian fetus." Blood 117, no. 9 (March 3, 2011): 2708–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-07-299743.
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Abstract In the hematopoietic hierarchy, only stem cells are thought to be capable of long-term self-renewal. Erythroid progenitors derived from fetal or adult mammalian hematopoietic tissues are capable of short-term, or restricted (102- to 105-fold), ex vivo expansion in the presence of erythropoietin, stem cell factor, and dexamethasone. Here, we report that primary erythroid precursors derived from early mouse embryos are capable of extensive (106- to 1060-fold) ex vivo proliferation. These cells morphologically, immunophenotypically, and functionally resemble proerythroblasts, maintaining both cytokine dependence and the potential, despite prolonged culture, to generate enucleated erythrocytes after 3-4 maturational cell divisions. This capacity for extensive erythroblast self-renewal is temporally associated with the emergence of definitive erythropoiesis in the yolk sac and its transition to the fetal liver. In contrast, hematopoietic stem cell-derived definitive erythropoiesis in the adult is associated almost exclusively with restricted ex vivo self-renewal. Primary primitive erythroid precursors, which lack significant expression of Kit and glucocorticoid receptors, lack ex vivo self-renewal capacity. Extensively self-renewing erythroblasts, despite their near complete maturity within the hematopoietic hierarchy, may ultimately serve as a renewable source of red cells for transfusion therapy.
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Harvey, Alexandra J., Joy Rathjen, Lijia Jackie Yu, and David K. Gardner. "Oxygen modulates human embryonic stem cell metabolism in the absence of changes in self-renewal." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, no. 4 (2016): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd14013.
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Human embryonic stem (ES) cells are routinely cultured under atmospheric oxygen (~20%), a concentration that is known to impair embryo development in vitro and is likely to be suboptimal for maintaining human ES cells compared with physiological (~5%) oxygen conditions. Conflicting reports exist on the effect of oxygen during human ES cell culture and studies have been largely limited to characterisation of typical stem cell markers or analysis of global expression changes. This study aimed to identify physiological markers that could be used to evaluate the metabolic impact of oxygen on the MEL-2 human ES cell line after adaptation to either 5% or 20% oxygen in extended culture. ES cells cultured under atmospheric oxygen displayed decreased glucose consumption and lactate production when compared with those cultured under 5% oxygen, indicating an overall higher flux of glucose through glycolysis under physiological conditions. Higher glucose utilisation at 5% oxygen was accompanied by significantly increased expression of all glycolytic genes analysed. Analysis of amino acid turnover highlighted differences in the consumption of glutamine and threonine and in the production of proline. The expression of pluripotency and differentiation markers was, however, unaltered by oxygen and no observable difference in proliferation between cells cultured in 5% and 20% oxygen was seen. Apoptosis was elevated under 5% oxygen conditions. Collectively these data suggest that culture conditions, including oxygen concentration, can significantly alter human ES cell physiology with coordinated changes in gene expression, in the absence of detectable alterations in undifferentiated marker expression.
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Cellot, Sonia, Jana Krosl, Keith Humphries, and Guy Sauvageau. "Revealing the Interplay of Extrinsic Versus Intrinsic Regulators of Self-Renewal in Hoxb4-Transduced HSCs." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.367.367.
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Abstract By modulating levels of Pbx-1, a homeodomain protein and DNA binding cofactor of Hoxb4, it is possible to generate pluripotent, ultracompetitive in vivo repopulating Hoxb4hi and Pbx1lo hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) (Immunity, 2003, Krosl et al). Despite the tremendous regenerative potential demonstrated by these cells, the total in vivo HSC pool in recipients remained within physiological limits (~20 000 HSC/mouse), implying that environmental factors (niche availability?) restricted their expansion. These studies thus implied that bypassing the in vivo constraints of niche availability by culturing the transduced HSCs in vitro might reveal the intrinsic expansion potential of these cells. To study this hypothesis, Hoxb4hiPbx1lo transduced HSCs were generated by co-infecting primary mouse bone marrow (BM) cells with retroviruses encoding antisense Pbx1 cDNA plus YFP, and Hoxb4 plus GFP. At the end of the co-culture with retroviral producers, double gene transfer (Hoxb4hiPbx1lo ) was ~20% as determined by flow cytometric analysis of GFP and YFP co-expression. These cells were then cultured in the presence of serum and cytokines for additional 12–16 days, and the numbers of total cells, clonogenic progenitors and HSCs were determined at regular intervals. To quantify the magnitude of the in vitro HSC expansion, CRU assays for determination of cells with long-term lympho-myeloid repopulation potential were performed after removal of BM cells from co-culture with retroviral producers, and then at various time points. The increase in HSC numbers over time in culture was calculated as the ratio between absolute numbers of Hoxb4hiPbx1lo HSCs at a given time point, and their numbers at initiation of culture. In our initial experiment, numbers of Hoxb4hiPbx1lo CRU increased from 1000 at day 0 to 1.2 x 107 at day 12, for a net 10 000-fold expansion. After transplantation into irradiated mice, these cells underwent an additional 360-fold in vivo expansion to regenerate HSC pools of recipients up to, but not above, normal levels. Southern blot analyses of proviral integrations in DNA isolated from sorted Mac-1+, B-220+ and CD4+CD8+ cells derived from primary and secondary recipients demonstrated that cultured Hoxb4hiPbx1lo HSCs retained their ability to differentiate into all hematopoietic lineages examined. To estimate the numbers of distinct Hoxb4hiPbx1lo HSCs in cultures, BM cells from primary recipients of 1 x 106 cells from a 16-day expansion culture were plated in methylcellulose, and the clonal origin of individual myeloid colonies was determined by Southern blot analysis. These experiments showed that several distinct HSC clones reconstituted each recipient, and that some clones reconstituted at least 2 mice, illustrating the polyclonal nature and self-renewal activity of the cultured HSCs. Together, our experiments show that after unprecedented levels of in vitro expansion, Hoxb4hiPbx1lo HSCs remained capable of reconstituting myeloid and lymphoid systems of primary and secondary recipients, and yet responsive to the in vivo regulatory mechanisms that limit total stem cell pool size, reflecting the interplay between autonomous and non-cell autonomous control of HSC self-renewal. Decreasing Pbx1 levels in Hoxb4 overexpressing HSCs could thus be used as a tool for studying mechanisms of self-renewal and replicative senescence, and may lead to clinically relevant protocols for HSC expansion.
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Pan, Ying, Li Li He, and Ying Shi. "Practice of “Living Museum” in the Traditional Architecture Culture Protection and Renewal in South Fujian." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.98.
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“Living museum” is a theory and method in the protection and renewal of historical districts. It is based on the eco-museum theory and the characteristics of China. It can also be seen as a new museum mode. “Living museum” emphasizes three characteristics, which include: the authenticity protection of spatial element in the traditional architecture culture, identity and inheritance of traditional architecture culture, community participation and interaction with visitors. The essence of “Living museum” is community renewal. Following the principle of people-oriented, the theory pays attention to retain the traditional culture of architecture development trends and will make the traditional architectural protection a constantly updated and developing process.
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Takahashi, T., B. Lim, N. Jamal, D. Tritchler, G. Lockwood, S. McKinney, D. E. Bergsagel, and H. A. Messner. "Colony growth and self renewal of plasma cell precursors in multiple myeloma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 3, no. 12 (December 1985): 1613–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1985.3.12.1613.
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Culture conditions that support the growth of multi-and single-lineage hemopoietic colonies are also able to give rise to large myeloma colonies from bone marrow and peripheral blood samples of some patients with multiple myeloma. The culture system was used to determine the frequency of hemopoietic precursors and clonogenic myeloma progenitors in 71 patients with multiple myeloma studied in various clinical phases of the disease. The frequency of normal hemopoietic precursors in patients with benign monoclonal gammopathy and smoldering myeloma were indistinguishable from normal controls. Myeloma colonies were not observed in these subgroups. In contrast, patients with active disease showed significantly reduced hemopoietic colony formation, even before the initiation of therapy. A further reduction was demonstrated for patients with acute phase disease. A correlation between the frequency of hemopoietic colonies and the concentration of plasma cells in the plated sample was not observed. Large myeloma colonies with recloning potential were identified in cultures of specimens derived from 14 of the studied patients. These colonies were most frequently (ten cases) obtained from patients who had entered the acute phase of the disease. These patients manifested marrow failure (pancytopenia) and their marrow had a limited capacity to generate normal hemopoietic colonies. Three of the patients that formed myeloma colonies were studied in chronic phase following chemotherapy and one patient was examined at diagnosis. The myeloma colonies were composed exclusively of cells characterized by the same M protein as the patient. Some of the cells within the colonies retained their ability to self renew extensively, as demonstrated by serial recloning studies. Colonies derived from six of the patients are now propagated in semisolid and liquid medium for as many as nine to 34 generations. Patients that form myeloma colonies under these culture conditions represent a high-risk group with significantly shorter survival than patients not able to give rise to myeloma colonies. A Cox proportional hazards model was fitted to the data to determine the prognostic role of myeloma colony growth in culture after accounting for the influence of other well established risk factors, such as concentration of plasma cells and disease status. The analysis indicated that myeloma colony growth in culture serves as a strong and independent predictive indicator of poor clinical prognosis.
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Jiang, Dan. "Research on Protection and Renewal of Traditional Ethnic Minority Areas in Xinjiang." Region - Educational Research and Reviews 2, no. 3 (August 18, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/rerr.v2i3.168.
Full textAbstract:
Historical and cultural area is an important part of urban settlement heritage space, and also an important carrier to inherit regional culture and rebrand the vitality of the old city. Based on the special regional tradition and religious culture of Xinjiang minority, and considering the problems such as the conflict between protection and renewal commonly encountered in the process of large-scale urbanization in recent years, this paper puts forward organic renewal approaches for historical and cultural areas, which is of great significance to the urban planning and development of western ethnic minority areas.
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McEwen, Kirsten R., Harry G. Leitch, Rachel Amouroux, and Petra Hajkova. "The impact of culture on epigenetic properties of pluripotent stem cells and pre-implantation embryos." Biochemical Society Transactions 41, no. 3 (May 23, 2013): 711–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20130049.
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Cultured pluripotent stem cells hold great promise for regenerative medicine. Considerable efforts have been invested into the refinement and definition of improved culture systems that sustain self-renewal and avoid differentiation of pluripotent cells in vitro. Recent studies have, however, found that the choice of culture condition has a significant impact on epigenetic profiles of cultured pluripotent cells. Mouse and human ESCs (embryonic stem cells) show substantial epigenetic differences that are dependent on the culture condition, including global changes to DNA methylation and histone modifications and, in female human ESCs, to the epigenetic process of X chromosome inactivation. Epigenetic perturbations have also been detected during culture of pre-implantation embryos; limited research undertaken in mouse suggests a direct effect of the in vitro environment on epigenetic processes in this system. Widespread epigenetic changes induced by the culture condition in stem cells thus emphasize the necessity for extensive research into both immediate and long-term epigenetic effects of embryo culture during assisted reproductive technologies.
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Parolini, Jeanine L., and Mark D. Parolini. "Moving from maturity to renewal: An investigation of culture and innovation." International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior 15, no. 2 (March 2012): 200–238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijotb-15-02-2012-b003.
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