Journal articles on the topic 'Culture conflict Case studies'
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Bista, Binod P. "Arts and Culture in Building and Sustaining Peace." SIRJANĀ – A Journal on Arts and Art Education 7, no. 1 (September 21, 2021): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sirjana.v7i1.39342.
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Peace, harmony and development are essential conditions for any society, developed or developing, to progress. The 2011 World Development Report revealed that growing recognition of the link between social services, conflict and peace has helped in inclusion of social services’ provision in peace agreements. A report from ‘Policy Link’ gives equitable development as the key to peace. Music plays a great role in building peace in conflict situations, so does religion, media, performance, theatre. For achieving peaceful conditions there is a need to strike a balance between two extremes including inner and outer peace. Salzburg Global Seminar (2014) focused on using soft power, especially arts and culture, since cultural engagement helps transform perceptions. Case studies referred to in this write up provide sufficient evidence of the high usefulness of arts and culture in every phase of conflict. A detailed portfolio of case studies covering seven countries including Nepal of Asia describes the importance of ‘narratives’ and ‘story telling’, preservation of historical artifacts, photographs etc. for building peace mostly in post conflict stage. The researchers were of the view that the affected persons or beneficiaries needed to be involved right from the beginning of a peace project. British Council’s publication named ‘The Art of Peace’ emphasizes on the importance of local actors’ engagement as well as arts and cultural programs in linking culture, security and development. A project launched by the World Bank and the United Nations, entitled pathways to peace, offered guiding principles, namely, target institutional failure responsible for conflict, to be of inclusive nature, and form sustainable overtime character. Arts and Culture have a distinct place in resolving conflict thus it deserves adequate government support and a networking with other actors such as local municipalities, societies and groups.
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Jun, Guichun. "Transforming Conflict: A Peacebuilding Approach for an Intergroup Conflict in a Local Congregation." Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies 35, no. 1 (January 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265378818767675.
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An intergroup conflict based on fundamental incompatibilities such as different group identity and values is the highest and the unhealthiest level of conflict in a local congregation setting. In this case, a peacebuilding process is required in order to transform the conflict situation to achieve sustainable peace. Different from peacemaking and peacekeeping, peacebuilding takes a longer period to transform the cultural, social and structural problems on the macro level as well as to change behaviours, perceptions and perspectives of individuals on the micro level. This article attempts to disclose the characteristics of intergroup conflict in an urban congregation in the UK to describe its serious intensity by analysing its nature and scale. Furthermore, it demonstrates how the conflict transformation approach, as a long-term peacebuilding process, can be used effectively not only to alleviate intergroup conflict but also to eventually promote rehabilitation and reintegration through fostering a culture of peace.
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Jean, Stéphane. "Leadership and the rule of law in conflict and post-conflict societies." International Journal of Public Leadership 15, no. 3 (August 12, 2019): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpl-06-2019-0031.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the leadership dimensions in developing the rule of law. The paper considers the perspective from the United Nations, with the leadership tension is primarily seen from the prism of the rule of law. Design/methodology/approach This paper explores the leadership challenges in specific recent case studies. Findings The paper concludes that the most difficult challenge is a culture shift toward respect for the rule of law is required. The paper notes the importance of political leadership in developing consensus. Originality/value The challenge is that the implementation of rule of law reform is primarily a political endeavor that affects the balance of powers within the State. This need for leaders to develop the space for institutions advancing the rule of law is most certainly the case in, and exacerbated by, conflict and post-conflict situations.
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Achmadi, Achmadi, Sinung Mufti Hangabei, Khudzaifah Dimyati, and Absori Absori. "Culture-Based Land Right Conflict Resolution Model: A Case Study of the Dayak Tomun Indigenous People." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Cultural Studies 16, no. 2 (2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2327-008x/cgp/v16i02/1-10.
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Nakaya, Ayami. "Overcoming Ethnic Conflict through Multicultural Education: The Case of West Kalimantan, Indonesia." International Journal of Multicultural Education 20, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.18251/ijme.v20i1.1549.
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This study examined the effectiveness of multicultural education provided after the ethnic conflict (1996–2001) in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Research included textbook analysis, observation of practice, interviews with teachers and NGOs, and surveys of junior high school students’ social identity. Multicultural education was found to help students understand the past and the multicultural situation in the present. However, two problems were identified: stakeholders’ trauma and anxiety regarding teaching the negative past and critical thinking weaknesses, especially in terms of (re)producing prejudice and conflicts. Based on social identity analysis, this study recommends that multicultural education should be implemented under transformative citizenship education.
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Prince, Simon. "Against Ethnicity: Democracy, Equality, and the Northern Irish Conflict." Journal of British Studies 57, no. 4 (October 2018): 783–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2018.117.
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AbstractThe study of the Northern Irish Troubles is dominated by ethnic readings of conflict and violence. Drawing on new scholarship from a range of different disciplines and on fresh archival sources, this article questions these explanations. General theories that tie together ethnicity with conflict and violence are shown to be based on definitions that fail to distinguish ethnic identities from other ones. Their claims cannot be taken as being uniquely or even disproportionately associated with ethnicity. Explanatory models specifically developed for the case of modern Ireland do address that weakness. Yet, this article contends, they rest upon the fallacy that the Catholic and Protestant peoples are transhistorical entities. Political ideas, organizations, and actions cannot be reduced to fixed group identities. This article argues instead that the Troubles centered on a political conflict—one over rival visions of modern democracy. The pursuit of equality, the core value of democracy, led not only to conflicts but also to some of those conflicts becoming violent. Focusing on Belfast in the summer and autumn of 1969, this article sets out how the main political actors asserted competing claims to popular sovereignty and traces how multiple dynamic and intersecting conflicts became arrayed around the central one.
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Roberts, Michael. "A working-class hero is something to be: the American Musicians’ Union's attempt to ban the Beatles, 1964." Popular Music 29, no. 1 (January 2010): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143009990353.
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AbstractThis article examines the historical and cultural significance of the attempted ban on the Beatles’ concerts in the US by the American Federation of Musicians and the Immigration and Naturalization Service of the United States government in 1964. While there has been much attention given to the court case against John Lennon waged by the INS and the Nixon Administration in the early 1970s, much less is known about the earlier case brought against the Beatles by the INS and the Department of Labor on behalf of the AFM, which became a national scandal in 1964, pitting fans of the Beatles against the AFM and the INS. Fans framed the controversy over the Beatles as a cultural conflict between generations, while the AFM framed the problem as a labour market issue. My examination of the incident reveals the way in which a submerged cultural problem embedded in a putatively economic discourse rose to the surface through conflicts over the discursive framing of the Beatles controversy. This case is important not only in terms of expanding our empirical knowledge of the internal history of the Beatles and rock and roll music, but also more generally as an episode that foreshadowed the cultural conflict between the American labour union bureaucracy and the counter-culture that emerged in the late 1960s. This essay analyses heretofore-unexamined documents from the US National Archives and Records Administration.
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Lepeyko, T. I., and N. K. Nazarov. "The Socio-Psychological Factors of Conflicts at Enterprise." Business Inform 9, no. 524 (2021): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-9-236-243.
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The article is aimed at researching the socio-psychological features of interaction between participants in the labor process, which are factors of conflicts in the social and labor sphere. The article considers conflict as one of the variants for the development of social relations, which arises in case of violation of their balance. It is proved that conflicts arise under the influence of a complex system of factors that have a social and psychological nature. The scholars’ views on the essence of social and psychological factors of conflict are considered. It is proved that the factors, directly related to joint activities and relationships, affecting the proneness to conflict in the staff of an organization, are: organizational culture, socio-psychological climate, leadership (which characterize the social component of interaction); socio-psychological personality traits, orientation and personality type (which characterize the psychological component of interaction). The essence of each factor is considered and its impact on the occurrence and development of conflict is determined. The consequences of both positive and negative impact of socio-psychological factors on the conflict are specified. The publication uses methods of generalization, comparison, analysis and synthesis – to understand the essence of conflict as a certain stage of social interaction, to study the socio-psychological factors of the conflict; graphical method – for clarification of data and schematic representation of the main provisions of the research. The carried out studies will contribute to the development of an efficient strategy and tactics for resolving conflicts, their faster settlement, and the use of effective mechanisms for their forecasting; a system approach to conflict management in order to prevent unconstructive conflict interactions in labor collectives will allow to take into account socio-psychological aspects of interaction between participants in the labor process.
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Achinstein, Betty. "Conflict amid Community: The Micropolitics of Teacher Collaboration." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 104, no. 3 (April 2002): 421–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146810210400305.
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A major reform surge that began in the mid-1980s has generated a renewed interest in fostering teacher community or collaboration as a means to counter isolation, improve teacher practice and student learning, build a common vision for schooling, and foster collective action around school reform. The term community often conjures images of a culture of consensus, shared values, and social cohesion. Yet, in practice, when teachers collaborate, they run headlong into enormous conflicts over professional beliefs and practices. In their optimism about caring and supportive communities, advocates often underplay the role of diversity, dissent, and disagreement in community life, leaving practitioners ill-prepared and conceptions of collaboration underexplored. This article draws on micropolitical and organizational theory to examine teacher communities. Building from case studies of two urban, public middle schools, this article shows that when teachers enact collaborative reforms in the name of community, what emerges is often conflict. The study challenges current thinking on community by showing that conflict is not only central to community, but how teachers manage conflicts, whether they suppress or embrace their differences, defines the community borders and ultimately the potential for organizational learning and change.
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Samaraweera, Aparna, Sepani Senaratne, and Y. G. Sandanayake. "Nature of construction project cultures in the public sector: case studies in Sri Lanka." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 8, no. 5 (November 12, 2018): 557–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-10-2017-0107.
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Purpose Cultural differences cause conflicts amongst construction project participants, deterring the success of projects. Understanding such different cultural manifestations could help the removal of the misunderstandings amongst sub-cultural groups and removal of formal irrationalities deterring the progress of construction projects. The purpose of this paper is to explore the nature of project cultures in the public sector construction projects. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory case study was selected as the research strategy to achieve the research aim. Three public sector building construction projects were used as case studies. Nine semi-structured interviews and observation of two progress review meetings per case were used for data collection. Findings As per the research findings, contractors believed that construction project culture emerged and transferred through continuous interactions and socialisations with time. Consultants believed that culture was emerged focusing on clearly defined project objectives. In addition, all members assumed that project members at high authority levels were contributing more for the emergence and transfer of cultural aspects. Levels of culture and power existed within the public sector project culture as clients with the highest power, consultants the next and contractors with the least power. Public sector project culture was not leader centred. Shared behavioural norms were not much popular in project culture. Highly differentiated behavioural norms, demonstrating clear professional sub-cultures for the client, contractor and consultant, were available. Originality/value The research findings are helpful to construction project managers to enhance the level of motivation, productivity, commitment, continuous interactions and socialisations of project participants and to avoid any negative outcomes in behaviours.
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Berry, Sara. "Struggles over Land and Authority in Africa." African Studies Review 60, no. 3 (October 4, 2017): 105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2017.96.
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Abstract:This article reviews major changes in policies and practices of land allocation and use in sub-Saharan Africa since ca 1990, using two comparative case studies to illustrate their implications for relations between local and national authority. One case contrasts Ghana, where intense local conflicts over land and authority did not translate into political conflict at the national level, with Côte d’Ivoire, where they did. The other compares political strategies and the influence of traditional chiefs in Ghana and South Africa.
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Stubbs, Paul. "Conflict and Co-Operation in the Virtual Community: eMail and the Wars of the Yugoslav Succession." Sociological Research Online 3, no. 3 (September 1998): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.180.
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This article focuses on the use of computer-mediated communication (CMC) during the wars of the Yugoslav succession, through three case studies of particular eMail networks, discussion groups and bulletin boards: zamir; APC/Yugo/Antiwar; and the Soc/Culture/Croatia and Soc/Culture/Yugoslavia newsgroups. The text addresses the relationship between ‘real’ and ‘virtual’ communities and looks, in particular, at the role of eMail as a tool for social, political and cultural change. Despite the rhetoric of CMC as an inherently liberating and democratising medium, the suggestion is that power relations remain crucial in understanding all of the case studies. eMail may be most effective when part of a local discourse and practice of social change. The article concludes with a consideration of the link between different kinds of trust, or social capital, within the eMail world.
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Hayani, Aida, Miftahus Sa'diyah, and Khairul Hadi. "Pesantren Aceh sebagai Wujud Menciptakan Perdamaian." Islamic Insights Journal 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.iij.2020.002.01.05.
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According to the majority religious groups, in truth, always give priority boarding to the authority ta’dzim culture and a religious teacher Tgk, the more their binding normative frame, such as the doctrine of al-Muta’alim Ta’lim book, which does not allow the conflict in it. However, that happens, the social dynamics of schools that still apply the system of management of the potential sources based on a figure of clerics (as a role model at the same time policy makers), is actually very vulnerable to grow a conflict. As is the case in traditional Islamic boarding schools and semi-modern, conflicts occur, especially when the clerics who plays as the founder and owner of boarding dies, or when the pesantren, the founder or the resume, the teachers, caregivers, or also the family become involved in affairs outside of schools, for example, state, politics and others. By using descriptive analysis method with dispute resolution theory, This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of phenomenological study through field studies. then, the formulation of problem is: How is conflict resolution in boarding using unique methods? The results show that including through intermarriage boarding, istighotsah, haul and akhirussanah. By stage of conflict resolution through the streets silaturrahmi as a process of conflict prevention, bahtsul matsa’il as the emphasis and conflict insulation, Tabayun as the process of setting and managing conflict and reconciliation as the final process of conflict resolution.
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Barakat, Maysaa, and Jeffrey S. Brooks. "When Globalization Causes Cultural Conflict." Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership 19, no. 4 (November 3, 2016): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555458916672707.
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There is ongoing debate about the benefits and dangers of globalization in education, yet it is not always clear how these dynamics manifest at the school level. Moreover, it is often unclear how leaders shape or respond to these dynamics in their day-to-day practice. This case highlights issues related to school culture and globalization as a means of illustrating the potential for leadership to positively and/or negatively influence educational processes and outcomes. More specifically, it examines various ways that globalization shapes cultural interactions in an American International School in Cairo, Egypt. Situating the case in this context allows students to learn about schooling as practiced in an under-studied educational setting, thereby teaching students both about cultural conflict and a part of the world with which they may not be familiar.
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Riordan, Shaun. "The Geopolitics of Cyberspace: a Diplomatic Perspective." Brill Research Perspectives in Diplomacy and Foreign Policy 3, no. 3 (June 27, 2018): 1–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24056006-12340011.
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AbstractThe Internet has been seen as the harbinger of a world without borders or sovereignty. But states have recently reemerged in Cyberspace, asserting sovereignty or using it to pursue conflict with rivals. This article explores the geopolitics of Cyberspace. It argues that critical geopolitical concepts like geopolitical fields, culture and conditions can offer insights into the behaviour of actors in Cyberspace. The argument is explored through case studies of the US, Russia and China. The article goes beyond traditional nation states to apply similar analysis to the European Union and Internet companies. It concludes that both classical and critical geopolitics can make valuable contributions to the analysis of Cyberspace, and the behaviour of both state and non-state actors. Diplomacy has a crucial role in managing geopolitical conflicts in Cyberspace. But diplomats need to rethink their engagement and reform the structures and cultures in which they operate.
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Wibowo, Andry. "Pop Culture, Identity Conflict, and Chaos: Studies on the Culture and Identity of Viking and Jakmania’s Supporters in the Indonesian Football Industry." MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN 3, no. 2 (November 17, 2018): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/mimbardik.v3i2.13951.
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ABSTRACT: Football is most popular sport in the world community. Football is also one form of pop culture itself, where football is no longer interpreted as a game or a way to exercise alone, but also become something that can be interpreted as a culture that bind various communities in the world. This research, by using the qualitative approach with case studies on conflict, will explore deeply about how social identity is present in football, especially in the context of football supporters in Indonesia as part of the development of the football industry in the world. This study has a focus on researching the phenomenon of cultural and local identity in the “Viking” of PERSIB (Bandung Indonesian Football Association) and “Jakmania” of PERSIJA (Jakarta Indonesian Football Association) supporter groups in football matches that are played in national competitions. The formation of identity transforming become an identity conflict in a crowd of football supporters to become the hallmark of football as part of the pop culture in Indonesia.KEY WORD: Pop Culture; Conflict; Identity; Crowds; Football in Indonesia. ABSTRAKSI: “Budaya Pop, Konflik Identitas, dan Kerusuhan: Studi tentang Budaya dan Identitas Suporter Viking dan Jakmania dalam Industri Sepakbola Indonesia”. Sepakbola merupakan olahraga yang sangat populer pada masyarakat dunia. Sepakbola adalah juga salah satu bentuk dari budaya pop itu sendiri, dimana sepakbola tidak lagi dimaknai sebagai sebauh permainan atau cara untuk berolahraga saja, melainkan menjadi sesuatu yang dapat dimaknai sebagai sebuah kebudayaan yang mengikat beragam masyarakat di dunia. Penelitian ini, dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif tentang studi kasus konflik, akan mengkaji secara mendalam mengenai bagiamana pembentutakan identitas sosial hadir dalam sepakbola, terutama dalam konteks suporter sepakbola di Indonesia sebagai bagian dari perkembangan industri sepakbola di dunia. Penelitian ini memfokuskan kajian tentang fenomena identitas budaya dan lokalitas pada kelompok suporter “Viking” dari PERSIB (Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Bandung) dan “Jakmania” dari PERSIJA (Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Jakarta) dalam pertandingan sepakbola yang berlangsung melalui kompetisi nasional. Pembentukan identitas hingga kemudian bertansformasi menjadi suatu konflik identitas dalam kerumunan berbentuk aksi kerusuhan dan konflik menjadi ciri khas sepakbola sebagai bagian dari budaya pop di Indonesia.KATA KUNCI: Budaya Pop; Konflik; Identitas; Kerumunan; Sepakbola di Indonesia.About the Author: Andry Wibowo, M.H., M.Si. is a Student of Doctoral Program at the STIK-PTIK (Indonesian Police Science Institute – Indonesian Police Science University), Jalan Tirtayasa Raya No.6, Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta Selatan, Jakarta, Indonesia. E-mail: wibowoandry1993@gmail.comSuggested Citation: Wibowo, Andry. (2018). “Pop Culture, Identity Conflict, and Chaos: Studies on the Culture and Identity of Viking and Jakmania’s Supporters in the Indonesian Football Industry” in MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN: Jurnal Indonesia untuk Kajian Pendidikan, Volume 3(2), September, pp.149-168. Bandung, Indonesia: UPI [Indonesia University of Education] Press, ISSN 2527-3868 (print) and 2503-457X (online). Article Timeline: Accepted (July 1, 2018); Revised (August 17, 2018); and Published (September 30, 2018).
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Gao (高毛毛), Maomao. "The Wall Theory: A Case Study of Intercultural Experience among Chinese Migrants in Hungary." Journal of Chinese Overseas 18, no. 1 (March 18, 2022): 174–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341460.
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Abstract This paper presents an empirical study of the intercultural conflicts that Chinese migrants have experienced in Hungary, so far unexamined in the scientific literature. This study hypothesizes the wall theory, consisting of the visible wall and the invisible wall. The visible wall entails physical and spatial boundaries whereas the invisible wall refers to trust deficit. Our results suggest a visible wall is a ubiquitous concept in Hungarian culture, whereas the boundaries of the visible wall are obscure in Chinese culture. In contrast, the invisible wall is not prevalent in Hungarian culture, yet the invisible wall is a predominant concept in Chinese culture which alienates people in thinking. The concept of wall denotes different meanings in Chinese and Hungarian cultures. The study attempts to provide Chinese overseas with practical knowledge to be aware of the cultural differences and potential strategies to reduce intercultural conflicts.
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Matveev, Igor. "Economy of an Intra-state Armed Conflict: The Case of Syria." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 3 (2022): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080020159-1.
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Contemporary international relations have been witnessing many armed conflicts. As usual, they do not cause dissolution of states due to the factors that include adaptation of economies to extraordinary conditions with common and specific features of country cases. The need of analyzing them to find ways for conflicts’ settlement explains the theoretical importance of the article. Facing the diversity of notions describing conflicts, the author assumes existence of a notion of economy of an intra-state armed conflict (EISAC). Such hypothesis looks new exploiting two groups of arguments based on content analysis and empiric materials accumulated during the author’s stints as a diplomat in Damascus. Firstly, any EISAC has closer links with the conflict itself than the relevant state. It can emerge under scenarios of “failed state” (Somalia), “partially failed state” (Afghanistan, Libya, Yemen), parallel economies (Syria), a formal split of a state (South Sudan), or in more than a country (ISIS). Secondly, Libya, Syria, and Yemen have proved that the EISAC does not mean manipulation with meanings of similar definitions including a wartime militarized economy or a peace-time defense sector (USSR, North Korea) not correlating with the crisis generating economy (Lebanon) or the sanctioned economy (Iraq:1980-2003, Iran). Also, it does not make a hyponym of the economy in a conflict inspired by foreign aggression (Kuwait: 1990-1991). Yet, the scale of damage caused by foreign aggressions could be compared with that resulting from intra-state conflicts. Syria has been chosen as its economy has acquired classical features of the EISAC.
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Miles, William F. S. "The Rabbi's Well: A Case Study in the Micropolitics of Foreign Aid in Muslim West Africa." African Studies Review 51, no. 1 (April 2008): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.0.0015.
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Abstract:A conventional distinction in the foreign aid literature contrasts relief aid (qua emergency help and charitable giving) with developmental assistance (for sustainable economic growth, capacity building, and equitable distribution). In practice, however, the distinction blurs, and in the field it can lead to micropolitical conflict. This point is illustrated by the ecumenical efforts on the part of a U.S. rabbi to assist a school in southcentral Niger. As illustrated by the history of this project, complexities of local administration, and tensions between the staff and principal of one school, crystallized and demonstrated conflicts between traditional authorities and those of the modern state.
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Kampf, Ronit. "Internet, conflict and dialogue: the Israeli case." Israel Affairs 17, no. 3 (July 2011): 384–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2011.584666.
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Lisdorf, Anders. "The Conflict over Cicero's House: An Analysis of the Ritual Element in De domo sua." Numen 52, no. 4 (2005): 445–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852705775219983.
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AbstractAccording to the Romans themselves ritual was at the heart of their culture. Strangely, this centrality of ritual has not been matched by a corresponding sensitivity to how ritual was to be interpreted. Ritual has most often been viewed as an empty formalism devoid of any true belief. It is argued in this article that this view of ritual is an ethnocentric construct stemming from a Christian conception of belief, which does not adequately account for the peculiarities of ritual based religions. Taking the seemingly obscure and little studied case of the conflict over Cicero's house as a case, it is argued that E. Thomas Lawson's and Robert N. McCauley's ritual theory might help to overcome this misconception of ritual. This enables us to see how Cicero explicates implicit beliefs entailed by the ritual actions. Ultimately the evidence seems to support the reverse interpretation: that ritual was taken very seriously.
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Roberts, Catrin. "Political conflict over bilingual initiatives: A case study." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 8, no. 4 (January 1987): 311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.1987.9994294.
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Risqina, Risqina, Selfi Budi Helpiastuti, and Sasongko Sasongko. "Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture at The Institute for Islam Studies Jember." International Seminar Series on Regional Dynamics Proceeding 2, no. 1 (May 23, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/issrd.v2i1.17470.
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This study examines transformative leadership and organizational culture implemented in tertiary institutions. Transformational leaders have an impact on the effectiveness of organizational culture. This paper is based on the study of leadership theory, references about the culture of knowledge organizations, which integrate concepts and facts in the field. Of course the transformation process has an impact on organizational culture including students. Not only does it change the work rhythm that is demanded to be bigger, but more students being taken care of are also more complicated. This reality ultimately also has an impact on habits including good employee performance due to the reduced number of present workforce recruited.
The purpose of this study is to examine and discuss the characteristics of transformational leadership and organizational culture at Islamic Institute of Religion Jember. This type of research is field research. The research method used is a qualitative research method. While the data collection methods used are interviews, observation and documentation. The validity test of the data used is triangulation, confirmation of reliability, transferability and dependability. While the analysis of the data used is an interactive analysis of Miles Huberman. The results of the conclusions in this study indicate that Transformational Leadership is built by three factors, namely Inspirational in shaping vision and ideas, visionary in articulating vision & mission and intellectual support to achieve targets and goals. Transformational leadership provides a change in work support and team performance. Strong leadership in providing work motivation, stimulating concepts or ideas to group or individual employees can produce harmony in achieving a shared vision, team commitment, work culture and minimal conflict. Transformative leadership needs to improve communication in building a positive organizational culture because communication of leadership and work increases the culture of teamwork, cohesion and conflict.
Keywords: Transformational leaders, organizational culture and employee performance
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Theiss, Janet. "Love in a Confucian Climate: The Perils of Intimacy in Eighteenth-Century China." NAN NÜ 11, no. 2 (2009): 197–233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138768009x12586661922983.
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AbstractThis article explores what an eighteenth-century case of adultery in an elite family tells us about the status of Confucian marriage and challenges to it in the mid-Qing. The case illustrates the problematic nature of conjugal love in this period, which puts emotions in conflict with ritual propriety, the marital relationship in conflict with the interests of the patriline, and subjective desires in conflict with social duties. The case also offers insights into the emotional world of the period, providing intimate details of the emotional texture of three interwoven marital or quasi-marital relationships. Each represents a deviation from the ideal of Confucian marriage and presents a different configuration of self, sentiment and ritual propriety. Together they offer a rich picture of the intimate realm of family life and the forces that worked to destabilize it.
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Ekelund, Robin. "A sanctuary built on conflict." Culture Unbound 14, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.3946.
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This article investigates conflicts in retrospective Facebook groups, i.e., groups created with a particular interest and focus on the past, to analyse how members of these groups understand the past and how they negotiate, resist and challenge each other’s notions of the past. The data comes from a netnographic fieldwork within six such retrospective groups. Theoretical inspiration is drawn from Actor-Network-Theory (Harrison 2013, Latour 2005). The analysis thusly focuses on human (the members of the groups) as well as non-human actors (the operative logic of Facebook) and study how these produce associations between the past and the present. An overall result of the study is that the retrospective Facebook groups are not characterised by conflict. Instead, they are produced as places of sanctuary, where associations with the past becomes a basis for a nostalgic feel-good culture. However, the analysis also shows that the sanctuaries build on the production of a discontinuity and a conflict between the past and the present. Using Boym’s concept of ruinophilia, as well as Bauman’s concept of retrotopia, the article discusses how the conflicted discontinuity between the past and the present produces an us-and-them relationship where group members can come together in a nostalgic as well as a critical care for the world as it (in their perspectives) was supposed to be. The analysis also illustrates how members’ use of sources and references becomes a mere stylistic performance of authority, as the operative logic of Facebook not only enables but also constrains group interactions, reducing the members’ possibilities of having profound interactions and negotiations based on their memories and notions of the past. The article hereby contributes to the emerging research on digital memories in general, and memory work on Facebook in particular.
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Babaeian Jelodar, Mostafa, Tak Wing Yiu, and Suzanne Wilkinson. "Systematic Representation of Relationship Quality in Conflict and Dispute: for Construction Projects." Construction Economics and Building 15, no. 1 (March 13, 2015): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v15i1.4281.
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The construction industry needs to move towards more relational procurement procedures to reduce extensive losses of value and avoid conflicts and disputes. Despite this, the actual conceptualization and assessment of relationships during conflict and dispute incidents seem to be neglected. Via a review of literature, relationship quality is suggested as a systematic framework for construction projects. General system theory is applied and a framework consistent of four layers respectively labelled as triggering, antecedent, moderation and outcome is suggested. Two different case studies are undertaken to represent the systematic framework; which verifies that changes in contracting circumstances and built environment culture can affect the identified layers.Through system reliability theories a fault tree is derived to represent a systematic framework of relationship quality. The combinations of components, causes, and events for two case studies are mapped out through fault tree. By analysing the fault tree the combination of events that lead to relationship deterioration may be identified. Consequently the progression of simple events into failure is formulized and probabilities allocated. Accordingly the importance and the contribution of these events to failure become accessible. The ability to have such indications about relationship quality may help increase performance as well as sustainable procurement. Paper Type: Research article
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Lester, Libby. "Transnational Publics and Environmental Conflict in the Asian Century." Media International Australia 150, no. 1 (February 2014): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1415000128.
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Conflict over landscape use, resource access and environmental futures has become a central feature of contemporary political life. Increasingly, these conflicts are articulated, negotiated and potentially resolved across national boundaries and complex networks of media and communications. Within the context of intensifying pressure for resources, market opportunities and changing media practices, this article examines the multi-directional and multi-layered flows of political communication and action that are developing within the Asian region. It outlines a case of recent environmental protests targeted at Japanese and Malaysian companies involved in the procurement and sale of Australian forest products, and reveals how distant supporters are being enabled to join with those affected locally to resist development, end resource procurement and undermine growth strategies.
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MANTOVAN, CLAUDIA. "Public administration, legal culture, and empirical research: Residential policies for the Sinti in Venice." Romani Studies: Volume 31, Issue 1 31, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 101–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/rs.2021.6.
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This article proposes a model for analyzing contested local policies for Roma and Sinti people, starting with a case study on a Sinti “village” established by Venice’s local authority. A multidimensional analytical framework is adopted, investigating how the local setting and the political and discursive opportunity structures existing at higher territorial levels intersect, and how local residents’ collective actions influence the public authorities’ behavior. Concerning the first aspect, we identify a mutually reinforcing effect of legal culture, policies, and common-sense representations that contributes to consolidating the representation of Roma and Sinti people as “foreigners” and “nomads.” As for the second aspect, our analysis shows how the different perceptions of citizenship (and of the relationship between the Sinti and citizenship, in particular) of the various protagonists in the conflict affect the practices that are implemented.
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Valkonen, Jarno, Sanna Valkonen, and Timo Koivurova. "Groupism and the politics of indigeneity: A case study on the Sámi debate in Finland." Ethnicities 17, no. 4 (June 19, 2016): 526–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468796816654175.
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The article addresses the problems of defining an indigenous people by deconstructing the Sámi debate in Finland, which has escalated with the government’s commitment to ratify ILO Convention No. 169. We argue that the ethnopolitical conflict engendered by this commitment is a consequence of groupism, by which, following Rogers Brubaker, we mean the tendency to take discrete groups as chief protagonists of social conflicts, the tendency to treat ethnic groups, nations and races as substantial entities and the tendency to reify such groups as if they were unitary collective actors. The aim of the article is to deconstruct groupist thinking related to indigenous rights by analytically separating the concepts of group and category. This allows us to deconstruct the ethnicised conflict and analyse what kinds of political, social and cultural aspects are involved in it. We conclude that indigeneity is not an ethnocultural, objectively existing fact, but rather a frame of political requirements.
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Gomez, Carolina, and Kimberly A. Taylor. "Cultural differences in conflict resolution strategies." International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 18, no. 1 (December 27, 2017): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470595817747638.
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Cross-cultural differences in norms, values, and beliefs abound and impact preferred conflict resolution strategies. Potential differences in values and subsequent conflict resolution strategies can exacerbate the underlying conflict unless they are well understood. We study the case of differences in conflict resolution strategies between the United States and Mexico as well as studying the underlying value differences that explain their preferences. In a quasi-experimental study, we found that Mexicans, compared to US participants, appear to have a greater preference for both the use of social influence and negotiating when confronting a conflict. Moreover, it appears that collectivism helps explain these country differences as it mediated the relation between country and the likelihood of using social influence and negotiation. In addition, perceptions of fairness had a stronger influence on the preference that US participants had for negotiation as a conflict resolution strategy. The research helps illuminate the underlying mechanisms through which culture impacts conflict resolution strategy.
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Liaszenko, Sergio. "Security Dilemmas in the Post-Soviet Space as Revealed in the Case of Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict." Security Dimensions 41, no. 41 (July 29, 2022): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9448.
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The article deals with the problem of security in the post-Soviet space with special attention to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The problem of security in this region is multi-dimensional and is influenced by numerous factors. The political structure of most post-Soviet countries is characterized by instability and lack of transparency, and there is an asymmetry in the social, political, military, and economic components of power among the former Soviet republics. One of the hardest conflicts to resolve in the post-Soviet space is the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Due to deep historical roots, the prospects for its resolution have not been determined so far. Nevertheless, thanks to the efforts of the Russian Federation, the latest escalation of the conflict in November 2021 has led to the signing of important agreements between Armenia and Azerbaijan, which are supposed to contribute to the stabilization of the situation in the region of the Caucasus.
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Mitchell, Matthew I. "Insights from the Cocoa Regions in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana: Rethinking the Migration–Conflict Nexus." African Studies Review 54, no. 2 (September 2011): 123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2011.0035.
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Abstract:Although many scholars have noted the salience of mobility throughout the African continent, there has been little systematic investigation into the link between migration and conflict. Most scholarship has tended to see migration as primarily a by-product of conflict and not as a security issue in its own right. In analyzing and contrasting the different migration–conflict trajectories across two similar case studies—Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana—this article attempts to develop an empirically informed theoretical framework for understanding the nexus between migration and conflict in Africa and to shed light on key intervening variables linking migration processes with violent outcomes.
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Bukari, Kaderi Noagah, Papa Sow, and Jürgen Scheffran. "Cooperation and Co-Existence Between Farmers and Herders in the Midst of Violent Farmer-Herder Conflicts in Ghana." African Studies Review 61, no. 2 (April 10, 2018): 78–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2017.124.
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Abstract:Despite periodic violent conflict between farmers and Fulani herders in many parts of Ghana, cooperative relations between them remain strong. They are “cultural neighbors” who cooperate both in times of violent conflict and during periods of no conflict. Cooperation between them is expressed through everyday interactions, cattle entrustment, resource sharing, trade, friendship, intermarriages, visitations, exchanges, communal labor, and social solidarity. Borrowing from theorizations of cultural neighborhood and everyday peace, this paper uses specific case studies from Northern and Southern Ghana to illustrate the enactment of cooperation between herders and farmers in areas of violent farmer-herder conflict.
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Gupta, A. Clare. "Elephants, safety nets and agrarian culture: understanding human-wildlife conflict and rural livelihoods around Chobe National Park, Botswana." Journal of Political Ecology 20, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v20i1.21766.
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Resolving conflict between agricultural livelihoods and wildlife conservation requires a sophisticated understanding of both wildlife ecology and human livelihood decision-making. This case study extends the literature on human-wildlife conflict in Africa by using a political ecology framework to understand how and why farmers in areas of high wildlife disturbance make their farming decisions, and how their strategies are affected by a broader socio-political context that includes, but is not restricted to, wildlife conservation policy. Specifically, this article chronicles the livelihood strategies of smallholder farmers in a village on the edge of Chobe National Park in northern Botswana. This is a place where the state has prioritized wildlife conservation but also supports residents' livelihoods. Because of disturbance from wildlife, especially elephants, protected under conservation law, agricultural production in Chobe is becoming increasingly challenging, even as the government increases its agricultural subsidies and support to small farmers. This results in unexpected farming strategies that reflect the interactive effects of conservation policy and other relevant macro-economic policies that structure the livelihood strategies of rural communities living near protected areas. Future human-wildlife conflict studies must take into account these multi-scalar and multi-dimensional dynamics in order to accurately explain the livelihood strategies of people living in wildlife-populated areas, so that appropriate conservation and development policies can be designed.Keywords: Botswana, wildlife conservation, rural livelihoods, human-wildlife conflict, political ecology
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Päll, Lona. "The Role of Place-Lore in Environmental Conflict Discourse: The Case of Paluküla Sacred Hill in Estonia." Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 198–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jef-2021-0024.
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Abstract This article is a critical study of how local place-related narratives, i.e. place-lore, is integrated into environmental discussion and how it has significant potential to illustrate local and public, as well as vernacular and institutional, meanings concerned with the environment. Combining the frameworks of ecosemiotics, environmental communication studies, and place-lore research, the article explores how a new storytelling context, ideological selection, and the logic of conflict communication influence the re-contextualisation and interpretation of place-lore. The theory is applied to an empirical examination of public discussion of Paluküla sacred hill in Central Estonia. Tracking references to previous place-lore about Paluküla Hill in the media coverage of the conflict allows a demonstration of how the contextuality and referentiality towards an extra-narrative environment that are originally present in place-lore are often overlooked or ignored in conflict discourse. This, in turn, leads to socially and ecologically disconnected discussion.
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Dewey, Susan, and Tonia St Germain. "Introduction." African Studies Review 55, no. 2 (September 2012): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2012.0043.
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This special ASR forum, “The Case of Gender-Based Violence: Assessing the Impact of International Human Rights Rhetoric on African Lives,” grounds itself in the notion that gender relations (and, indeed, gendered social norms) can undergo significant transformation in zones of conflict or in other contexts of extreme socioeconomic and political instability. Individuals actively reconfigure moral landscapes of power and sexuality amidst the everyday chaos, violence, and deprivation that constitutes the experience of war for most people, thereby formulating new normative frame-works of appropriately gendered norms for social interaction and sexual expression. These norms, of course, are rather dramatically cross-cut, for all actors involved, by an extensive list of factors that include one's ethnolinguistic or religious affiliation, citizenship status, gender, and myriad other allegiances that are all too frequently brought to the fore by conflict or other forms of instability. War and instability, it seems, force individuals to think of themselves, and others, in ways that might not otherwise have seemed imaginable.The case studies in this issue are based upon research in Rwanda, Congo, Uganda, South Africa, and Liberia. One unifying theme is the frequency with which human rights rhetoric divorces conflict-related gender based violence from the peacetime normative framework. The authors illustrate the cultural restrictions and patriarchal oppression that encourage violence within different dimensions of the socioeconomic and political context (home, culture, political authority, economy, and military), and they analyze gender-based violence as a form of structural violence. Nonetheless, as Sharon Abramowitz and Mary Moran caution us, gender-based violence in conflict and postconflict zones is not simply an enhanced version of “traditional” gender oppression. We would be severely remiss, the authors remind us, to read conflict and crisis as culture.
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Butaeva, Kristina, Shlomo Weber, and Denis Davydov. "Language, Culture, Migration, and Conflicts: Projection into Economic Field." Moscow University Economics Bulletin 2016, no. 1 (February 28, 2016): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105201611.
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We consider a description and analysis of linguistic, ethnic, cultural heterogeneity issues, with an emphasis on the economic and social consequences of the resulting conflicts. We focus on language, ethnic and cultural differences influence on the processes of emergence, or increase of the potential conflicts in the context of social and economic dimensions. We also take into account income inequality and migration, as the most important factors influencing the dynamics of these processes. The approaches to the theoretical description and empirical evaluation are based on basic economic criteria, which allows to achieve a more complete and accurate description of the studied complex social processes. We pay special attention to the case studies reflecting the peculiarities of the studied heterogeneity issues.
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Semiarty, Rima, and Rebecca Fanany. "The effects of local culture on hospital administration in West Sumatra, Indonesia." Leadership in Health Services 30, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhs-01-2016-0001.
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Purpose Problems in health-care leadership are serious in West Sumatra, Indonesia, especially in hospitals, which are controlled locally. The purpose of this paper is to present the experience of three hospitals in balancing the conflicting demands of the national health-care system and the traditional model of leadership in the local community. Design/methodology/approach Three case studies of the hospital leadership dynamic in West Sumatra were developed from in-depth interviews with directors, senior administrators and a representative selection of employees in various professional categories. Findings An analysis of findings shows that traditional views about leadership remain strong in the community and color the expectations of hospital staff. Hospital directors, however, are bound by the modern management practices of the national system. This conflict has intensified since regional autonomy which emphasizes the local culture much more than in the past. Research limitations/implications The research was carried out in one Indonesian province and was limited to three hospitals of different types. Practical implications The findings elucidate a potential underlying cause of problems in hospital management in Indonesia and may inform culturally appropriate ways of addressing them. Originality/value The social and cultural contexts of management have not been rigorously studied in Indonesia. The relationship between local and national culture reported here likely has a similar effect in other parts of the country.
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Cohen-Hattab, Kobi, and Noam Shoval. "Tourism development and cultural conflict: the case of ‘Nazareth 2000’." Social & Cultural Geography 8, no. 5 (October 2007): 701–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649360701633220.
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Kosichenko, Ivan N. "COURT MARTIAL AND CONTRABAND IN 19TH CENTURY YUCATÁN. THE CASE OF BOAT “FOUR SISTERS”." History and Archives, no. 3 (2021): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2658-6541-2021-3-76-86.
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This article deals with an issue of the court-martial functioning in Mexican state of Yucatán in the middle of the 19th century. The political violence, a very characteristic of the epoch, in Yucatán scaled up with a start of the ethno-social conflict between the government and predominantly Indian population of southeastern part of the state – the Caste War (1847–1901). For the juridical practices the constant political conflicts, domination of the Army and military men in public life meant broad simplification of judicial procedures, often executed by officer corps. One special place for the middle of the 19th century was the fortress of Bacalar, which controlled the border with British dominions in Belize. It was one of the crucial points for importation of contraband into Yucatán peninsula, and if before 1847 it had been mostly civil goods, with the start of the Caste War, Belizean entrepreneurs actively participated in supply of rebels with armament and munitions. They were contrabandists of such kind who were captured on September 13 of 1849 in the border outpost in Chaac upon the Río Hondo.They left behind themselves the “Four Sisters” boat case – the document that shed light not only on the details of simplified court procedures in the 19th century Mexico but also on various details of wartime daily life in that remote fortress.
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Kosichenko, Ivan N. "COURT MARTIAL AND CONTRABAND IN 19TH CENTURY YUCATÁN. THE CASE OF BOAT “FOUR SISTERS”." History and Archives, no. 3 (2021): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2658-6541-2021-3-76-86.
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This article deals with an issue of the court-martial functioning in Mexican state of Yucatán in the middle of the 19th century. The political violence, a very characteristic of the epoch, in Yucatán scaled up with a start of the ethno-social conflict between the government and predominantly Indian population of southeastern part of the state – the Caste War (1847–1901). For the juridical practices the constant political conflicts, domination of the Army and military men in public life meant broad simplification of judicial procedures, often executed by officer corps. One special place for the middle of the 19th century was the fortress of Bacalar, which controlled the border with British dominions in Belize. It was one of the crucial points for importation of contraband into Yucatán peninsula, and if before 1847 it had been mostly civil goods, with the start of the Caste War, Belizean entrepreneurs actively participated in supply of rebels with armament and munitions. They were contrabandists of such kind who were captured on September 13 of 1849 in the border outpost in Chaac upon the Río Hondo.They left behind themselves the “Four Sisters” boat case – the document that shed light not only on the details of simplified court procedures in the 19th century Mexico but also on various details of wartime daily life in that remote fortress.
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Marteijn, Elizabeth S. "The Politics of Interpretation: Understanding Biblical History in Palestinian Rural Culture." Studies in World Christianity 26, no. 1 (March 2020): 4–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2020.0279.
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This article investigates the role of the biblical story in the Palestinian context of cultural and political change. It explores how Palestinian Christians have depicted modern-day Palestinian rural culture as being a continuation of biblical culture. The article explores two different ways of understanding the bible to which this continuation thinking applies: first, when the bible is being read through the eyes of the Palestinian rural community (or ‘the Bible through peasant eyes’, as New Testament scholar Kenneth E. Bailey put it) and secondly, through the eyes of the politically oppressed. To illustrate this, the small Palestinian Christian village of Taybeh in the West Bank serves as a case study. In the post-1967 context, it became important for the inhabitants to portray their village as going back historically to the Ophrah and Ephraim of the bible, thus reimagining their identity as being essentially biblical. This insertion of contemporary Palestinian history into biblical history, and vice versa, is for the inhabitants of Taybeh a way to give scriptural sanction against Zionist constructions and a way to express their theological and cultural belonging to the land. This article demonstrates how their view both relates to and stands in conflict with Western understandings of biblical history, featuring the work of nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century travellers, missionaries and ethnographers from Europe.
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Heilbrunn, John R. "African Studies Keyword: Oil." African Studies Review 64, no. 2 (June 2021): 458–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2021.30.
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AbstractOil is a metonym for terms in books and articles in diverse disciplines in African studies. Some portray oil as a causal agent that thrusts formerly low-income countries into the highly competitive neoliberal global economy. Others present it according to the oil curse/blessing binary. As a curse, petroleum causes dysfunctional and costly behavior. But increased revenues from oil just as certainly result in concrete improvements demonstrating a resource blessing. Heilbrunn uses case materials to explore environmental degradation, oil theft, community-company relations, post-conflict reconstruction, local content in contracts, and corruption. These key concepts form a basis for the keyword/concept essay on oil in Africa.
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Ezemenaka, Kingsley Emeka, and Chijioke Egwu Ekumaoko. "The Dilemma of Global South’s Contributions to Critical Security Studies: The African Case." Journal of Black Studies 52, no. 8 (August 24, 2021): 912–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219347211041774.
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Most states in Africa, if not all, adopt the measures of security theorized, studied, and practiced by the West, yet conflict and insecurity abound. Over-dependency and over-reliance on Western security models culminate in the “one-size fits all” model of critical security studies produced by the West. However, in Africa, insecurity is growing. This paper argues that there is a need for security models that address African countries’ particular cultures, values, and realities, hence our advocacy of afro-democracy. This study introduces the concept of afro-democracy as a model that can facilitate security and development in Africa. It also argues that the field of critical security studies should welcome contributions from other parts of the world, namely the Global South.
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Fitzgerald, John. "The Misconceived Revolution: State and Society in China's Nationalist Revolution, 1923–26." Journal of Asian Studies 49, no. 2 (May 1990): 323–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2057300.
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The process of state-building in the Chinese revolution was confounded, and remains obscured, by a contest between rival claimants to state power in the Nationalist and Communist parties. There is a natural temptation to trace conflict in the state-building process to ideological differences between the two parties, as they did themselves, and to overlook their similarities and downplay the potential for political conflict and social resistance inherent in state-building generally. This is the case with histories of the Nationalist Revolution of the 1920s, when the two parties came together briefly to fight for national unification and independence. Each party is assigned an irreconcilable difference of purpose, the Nationalists aiming for cohesive national revolution and the Communists for divisive social revolution, and their combined efforts are represented as the historical working through of this conflict of purpose (Rankin, Fairbank, and Feuerwerker 1986:10; Wilbur 1984). The clash of aims seems to be not far removed from a clash of ideologies, and the collapse of this First United Front is portrayed as the historical resolution to a philosophical contradiction. In the definitive words of C. Martin Wilbur, “The main weakness was disagreement among the leaders concerning the social goals of the national revolution,” traceable to “competing ideologies among intellectuals throughout China” (Wilbur 1968:223). Conflict between the parties and within society boils down, in the end, to an ideological dispute.
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Patel, Tasneem, Kanayo Umeh, Helen Poole, Ishfaq Vaja, and Lisa Newson. "Cultural Identity Conflict Informs Engagement with Self-Management Behaviours for South Asian Patients Living with Type-2 Diabetes: A Critical Interpretative Synthesis of Qualitative Research Studies." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 2641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052641.
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The prevalence of type-2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing, particularly among South Asian (SA) communities. Previous research has highlighted the heterogeneous nature of SA ethnicity and the need to consider culture in SA patients’ self-management of T2D. We conducted a critical interpretative synthesis (CIS) which aimed to a) develop a new and comprehensive insight into the psychology which underpins SA patients’ T2D self-management behaviours and b) present a conceptual model to inform future T2D interventions. A systematic search of the literature retrieved 19 articles, including 536 participants. These were reviewed using established CIS procedures. Analysis identified seven constructs, from which an overarching synthesizing argument ‘Cultural Conflict’ was derived. Our findings suggest that patients reconstruct knowledge to manage their psychological, behavioural, and cultural conflicts, impacting decisional conflicts associated with T2D self-management and health professional advice (un)consciously. Those unable to resolve this conflict were more likely to default towards cultural identity, continue to align with cultural preferences rather than health professional guidance, and reduce engagement with self-management. Our synthesis and supporting model promote novel ideas for self-management of T2D care for SA patients. Specifically, health professionals should be trained and supported to explore and mitigate negative health beliefs to enable patients to manage social-cultural influences that impact their self-management behaviours.
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McFerson, Hazel. "Developments in African Governance since the Cold War: Beyond Cassandra and Pollyanna." African Studies Review 53, no. 2 (September 2010): 49–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2010.0025.
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Abstract:Twenty years ago, most African countries seemed permanently mired in malgovernance and repression. The end of the Cold War triggered two contrasting developments: governance improvement associated with the end of superpower competition, and deterioration caused by the resurgence of suppressed ethnic conflicts. Based on a variety of evidence, three subperiods can be identified: fragile governance progress from 1989 to 1995; backsliding associated largely with civil conflict between 1996 and 2002; and resumption of progress in recent years. These broad trends mask major intercountry differences—with Ghana the best-known case of improvement and Zimbabwe the worst case of reversal. Overall, African governance is now somewhat better than it was two decades ago. However, the progress is fragile, and improvements in administrative and economic governance have lagged behind those on the political front. Consolidating democracy will thus require institutional capacity building through a combination of appropriate civil society efforts and constructive external pressure to strengthen accountability.
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Apple, Michael W. "Textbooks and Culture Wars: An essay review of Charles Eagles, Civil rights culture wars: The fight over a Mississippi textbook. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2017. Pp. 298. ISBN 9781469631158." Educational Policy 32, no. 3 (July 12, 2017): 490–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0895904817719524.
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The politics of collective memory, over what counts as “official knowledge,” is crucial in education. With its primary focus on the politics of memory and how this works in the politics of school knowledge as its primary focus, Civil Rights Culture Wars gives us a rich historical picture of this process as it played out in a significant battle over a specific textbook in Mississippi. As some readers may already know, there have been a large number of interesting case studies of textbook controversies over the years, as well as a long history of studies that critically focus on the political and educational issues surrounding textbooks. As Eagles documents in great detail, this book became a center of ideological conflict and many conservative groups were clear that they would seek to block its approval. The conflict over the book in the courts, in the press, and in government agencies took years. There were defeats, partial victories, and then ultimately a vindication. Even though the implications of his analysis to more general issues of political and cultural theory are always there, Eagles’s account is not about the abstraction called the “state.” It reads more like an anguished drama, filled with real characters, biographies, and movements, from the authors of the textbook themselves, to state legislators, to educational administrators and state textbook adoption commission members, to judges, to members of the public who held varied political positions on the battle over inclusion and exclusion, over the epistemological fog, amnesia and memory, and so much more.
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Lim, Youngseop, and Dong Jin Kim. "Mobilising Social Movement for Peace." International Journal of Asian Christianity 4, no. 2 (August 27, 2021): 248–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25424246-04020007.
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Abstract Informed by the resource mobilisation theory, this article conducts a case study on Christianity in Korea, in order to explore the nexus between religion and social movements, and how this nexus could contribute to peace, rather than violence. Given its geopolitical dimensions, involving nuclear weapons and the legacy of the Cold War, the role of religion in the Korean conflict has been under-researched. Nonetheless, Christianity has influenced the Korean conflict, with its association with anticommunism, as well as with peace movements. This article argues that Christian ecumenical organisations in the context of the Korean conflict utilised their social resources for peace and reconciliation, when they rediscovered the just peace tradition in Christianity. This article contributes to theoretical and practical discussions surrounding religion, war, and peace, by conceptualising just peace in the Christian tradition, and by adding empirical substance to the nexus between ecumenism and social movement for just peace.
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Bada, Electra. "Greek Roma social performance, resistance and conflict resolution: The case of a Roma trial." Romani Studies 16, no. 2 (December 2006): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/rs.2006.8.
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