Journal articles: 'Culture affinity'

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Garle, Michael J., and Jeffrey R. Fry. "A Comparison of Hepatic Enzyme Activities and their Modulation by Dexamethazone in Freshly Isolated and Cultured Hepatocytes and in the Differentiated Hepatoma Cell Line, 2sFou." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 24, no. 1 (January 1996): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299602400106.

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Rodent hepatocytes are mitotically inhibited and lose hepatospecific functions over time in culture. In contrast, some differentiated hepatoma cell lines express stable hepatospecific functions in culture, but at much lower levels than those initially found in primary hepatocytes. A number of hepatospecific functions were measured in freshly isolated and cultured rat hepatocytes; these were compared to activities found in the differentiated Reuber hepatoma cell line, 2sFou. The effects of dexamethazone on these activities were also investigated, since dexamethazone is reported to enhance the expression of organotypic functions. The P450-related activities (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity and pentoxyresorufin-O-depenty-lase activity) and glucose-6-phosphatase activity declined in hepatocytes with increasing time in culture. The same activities in 2sFou cells were similar to those in hepatocytes which had been cultured for 72 hours. Tyrosine amino transferase (TAT) activity declined in hepatocyte cultures with time, but dexamethazone (1μM) restored activity up to freshly isolated cell values. TAT activity in hepatoma cells exceeded that in hepatocytes and was highly inducible by dexamethazone. γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase activity increased with culture time in hepatocytes and was also highly expressed in 2sFou cells. In hepatocytes, the activity of a high affinity alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) declined with time in culture. In 2sFou cells, there was evidence of a low affinity (extra-hepatic or fetal) form of ADH, which was not evident in cultured hepatocytes.

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Smith, John. "The trinitarian dance with culture: Trinity as the missiological optic for understanding culture." Missiology: An International Review 48, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 154–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091829619887386.

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In discussions of imago Dei, we largely confine ourselves to functional and moral affinity to God, that is that we have been made in God’s image with the result that obedience to God amounts to imitating his moral character and behavior. However, we need to add the existential affinity of God’s being to our understanding of God’s image in us, specifically the fact that he is both singular (in essence) and plural (in person). To some degree, people share God’s singular–plural quality and that one–many affinity can give great insight into gospel ministry. Moreover, as with the moral dimension of imago Dei, this singular–plural dimension also was marred by sin so that we, as individuals and as whole cultures, tend to lean toward one extreme or the other, toward singularity (unhealthy individualism) or plurality (monolithic communalism). The gospel of grace addresses both. Therefore, as we prepare to do ministry, we should study our audience to discern the existential lean of its own incarnation of imago Dei, so that we can best speak the gospel to fit audience need.

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Roos, Joseph W., and Martin A. Hjortso. "Control of anEscherichia colimixed culture via affinity binding." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38, no. 4 (August 5, 1991): 380–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260380408.

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Suranovic, Steven, and Robert Winthrop. "Trade Liberalization and Culture." Global Economy Journal 14, no. 1 (February 13, 2014): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gej-2013-0047.

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This paper addresses the effect of international trade on cultural outcomes from both economic and anthropological perspectives. Definitions of culture are informed by anthropology and then incorporated into a standard economic trade models in two distinct ways. In the “cultural affinity from work” model, workers receive a non-pecuniary cultural benefit from work in a particular industry. In the “cultural externality” model, consumers of a product receive utility from other consumer’s consumption of a domestic good. We show that resistance to change due to cultural concerns can reduce the national benefits from trade liberalization. Complete movements to free trade will have a positive national welfare impact in the cultural affinity case, whereas it may lower national welfare in the cultural externality case. We also show that a loss of cultural benefits is more likely to occur when culture is an externality.

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Dickman, K. G., and J. L. Renfro. "Primary culture of flounder renal tubule cells: transepithelial transport." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 251, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): F424—F432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1986.251.3.f424.

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Renal proximal tubule cells from the winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) were maintained in a functionally differentiated state for up to 16 days in primary culture on floating collagen gels. The cells were confluent after 7-8 days in culture, contracted the collagen gels, and exhibited ciliary activity. Electron microscopy indicated that the cultures were composed of continuous sheets of columnar epithelial cells that had established structural polarity. When mounted in Ussing chambers, the cultures exhibited a small mucosa-negative potential difference (0.6 +/- 0.10 mV) and a low transepithelial resistance (23 +/- 2.3 omega X cm2). Short-circuit current averaged 24 microA/cm2. The cultured epithelium was four times more permeable to Na than to Cl and actively secreted sulfate and p-aminohippuric acid and reabsorbed hexoses. Glucose reabsorption was rheogenic and occurred via a high-affinity (Km = 0.16 mM), low-capacity (Vmax = 5 microA/cm2), phlorizin-sensitive transport system. We concluded that the cultured cells express many of the differentiated properties of the intact flounder proximal tubule and thus provide a suitable model system for studying renal transport processes.

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van Dijk, H. P., M. J. Kroos, J. S. Starreveld, H. G. van Eijk, S. P. Tang, D. X. Song, and U. Muller-Eberhard. "Expression of haemopexin receptors by cultured human cytotrophoblast." Biochemical Journal 307, no. 3 (May 1, 1995): 669–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3070669.

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The expression of cell-surface haemopexin (Hx) receptors on human cytotrophoblasts was assessed by using four different Hx species purified from plasma: human Hx isolated by wheatgerm-affinity chromatography, human Hx isolated by haem-agarose-affinity chromatography and rabbit and rat Hx, also isolated by haem-agarose-affinity chromatography. About 3500-7000 high-affinity (Kd 0.34-0.85 nM) receptors per cell were measured by Scatchard-type analysis at 4 degrees C using human (species obtained by both methods) or rabbit 125I-labelled haem-Hx. Measured simultaneously, transferrin receptor number and affinity were 40,000/cell and 0.83 nM respectively. In contrast with transferrin receptors, the number of Hx receptors did not increase during 24 h in cytotrophoblast culture. Rat Hx showed no specific binding to human Hx receptors in cytotrophoblast cultures.

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Eckel, J., G. van Echten, and H. Reinauer. "Adult cardiac myocytes in primary culture: cell characteristics and insulin-receptor interaction." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 249, no. 2 (August 1, 1985): H212—H221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1985.249.2.h212.

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Calcium-tolerant adult cardiac myocytes were kept in culture under serum-free conditions in the presence of physiological concentrations of insulin. Up to 4 days, 70% of cells retained their in vivo rodshaped morphology without gross structural alterations. During that period a constant ATP-to-ADP ratio was observed with a mean value of 10.6 +/- 0.5 (n = 4). The rate of [14C]phenylalanine incorporation remained unaltered up to 63 h in culture. Insulin binding to cultured cells was found to be time-and temperature-dependent, reversible, and highly specific. Scatchard analysis of equilibrium binding data showed a curvilinear plot with a high-affinity segment yielding an apparent dissociation constant of 4.5 X 10(-10) mol/l and a receptor number of 125,000 sites/cell. Both affinity and receptor number remained unaltered between 18 and 66 h in culture. [14C]phenylalanine incorporation was stimulated by 108% in cardiocytes cultured in the presence of high concentrations of insulin (1.7 X 10(-7) mol/l) for 63 h, when compared with control cells cultured in the absence of insulin. These data demonstrate the retention of structural integrity, insulin receptors, and insulin responsiveness in primary cultured adult cardiac myocytes and provide a useful model for long-term studies on the regulation of insulin action on the heart.

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Sinclair, P. R., W. J. Bement, N. Gorman, H. H. Liem, A. W. Wolkoff, and U. Muller-Eberhard. "Effect of serum proteins on haem uptake and metabolism in primary cultures of liver cells." Biochemical Journal 256, no. 1 (November 15, 1988): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2560159.

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A role of haemopexin in transporting haem to hepatocytes for degradation has been inferred from the high affinity of haemopexin for haem. We have examined this question in primary cultures of chick-embryo and adult rat liver cells. We present here the results of four sets of experiments which indicate that haemopexin retarded haem uptake by hepatocytes in culture. (1) Haem bound to bovine serum albumin is known to repress the activity of delta-aminolaevulinate synthase in chick cultures as indicated by decreased porphyrin accumulation. When haem-albumin was added in the presence of excess purified or freshly secreted chicken haemopexin, no haem-mediated repression of porphyrin production was observed. The haem-mediated repression of porphyrin accumulation was partially prevented when human, but not chicken, albumin was added to cultures. This finding reflected the higher affinity of human albumin for haem compared with that of chicken albumin. (2) Haemopexin inhibited the ability of haem to be incorporated into cytochrome P-450 induced in the chick cultures in the presence of the iron chelator desferrioxamine. (3) The rate of association of [55Fe]haem with cultured rat hepatocytes when [55Fe]haem-haemopexin was added was one-eighth of the rate observed when [55Fe]haem-bovine serum albumin was used as the haem donor. (4) The presence of haemopexin also diminished the catabolism of haem by both rat and chick-embryo liver cell cultures. It is concluded that the uptake and subsequent metabolic effects of haem are inhibited in cultured hepatocytes by proteins such as haemopexin which have a high affinity for haem.

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WEXLER, ERIC M., OKSANA BERKOVICH, and SCOTT NAWY. "Role of the low-affinity NGF receptor (p75) in survival of retinal bipolar cells." Visual Neuroscience 15, no. 2 (February 1998): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095252389815201x.

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We have examined the role of neurotrophins in promoting survival of mammalian rod bipolar cells (RBC) in culture. Retinas taken from 8- to 10-day-old Long-Evans rats were dissociated and cultured in media supplemented with either nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), or basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2). Survival was measured by the number of cells that were immunoreactive for α-, β-, γ-PKC, a bipolar cell-specific marker. Compared to untreated cultures, CNTF had no effect on RBC survival, while NGF and NT-3 increased survival only slightly. BDNF, however, increased survival by approximately 300%. Similar results were obtained with FGF-2. Both nerve growth factor (NGF) and an antibody (anti-REX) which interferes with binding to the 75-kD low-affinity neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) eliminated BDNF-promoted survival, but had no effect on FGF-2-mediated survival. Interestingly, p75NTR was expressed by retinal glia (Müller cells), but not by the bipolar cells themselves, providing for the possibility that BDNF might induce Müller cells to produce a secondary factor, perhaps FGF-2, which directly rescues RBCs. In support of this hypothesis, an antibody that neutralizes FGF-2 attenuated the trophic effects of BDNF, and dramatically reduced survival in cultures with no added growth factors, indicating that there may be an endogenous source of FGF-2 that promotes survival of RBCs in culture. We suggest that BDNF increases production or release of FGF-2 by binding to p75NTR on Müller cells.

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Wang, Guang Jian, Hye Joo Chung, Jamie Schnuer, Kara Pratt, Anthony C. Zable, Michael P. Kavanaugh, and Paul A. Rosenberg. "High Affinity Glutamate Transport in Rat Cortical Neurons in Culture." Molecular Pharmacology 53, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/mol.53.1.88.

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Saenz de Tejada, I., M. P. Carson, A. de las Morenas, I. Goldstein, and A. M. Traish. "Endothelin: localization, synthesis, activity, and receptor types in human penile corpus cavernosum." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 261, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): H1078—H1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1991.261.4.h1078.

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The localization, synthesis, and activity of endothelin and the receptor types mediating its effects in penile corpus cavernosum were investigated in whole tissue and in cultured cells derived from this tissue. With immunocytochemistry, utilizing an antiendothelin 1 (ET-1) monoclonal antibody, endothelin-like immunoreactivity was localized intensely in the endothelium and to a lesser degree in the trabecular smooth muscle. Human corpus cavernosum endothelial cells in culture expressed preproendothelin 1 mRNA, as determined by Northern blot analysis. Significant amounts of endothelin-like immunoreactivity were measured by radioimmunoassay in the supernatants of corpus cavernosum endothelial cells in culture. Endothelins are potent constrictors and caused long-lasting contractions of corporeal strips in organ chambers. Equilibrium binding analysis of endothelins to their receptor sites revealed high-affinity, specific, and saturable binding of labeled endothelins to corporeal membranes. Competition binding experiments demonstrated receptors with high affinity for ET-1 and -2 and low affinity for ET-3 and another, less abundant, set of receptors with high affinity for ET-1, -2, and -3. Affinity labeling of endothelins to corporeal membranes, followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis, revealed that ET-1 and -2 cross-linked specifically to three different molecular mass components (75, 52, and 34 kDa). ET-3 bound only to the 34-kDa component. It is concluded that human corpus cavernosum endothelium has the ability to synthesize and release endothelin, that endothelins contract corporeal smooth muscle, and that at least two distinct endothelin receptors may exist and are differentiated by their affinity for ET-3.

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Rameezdeen, Raufdeen, and Nishanthi Gunarathna. "Organisational Culture in Construction: An Employee Perspective." Construction Economics and Building 3, no. 1 (November 18, 2012): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v3i1.2908.

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A large number of stakeholders in construction projects makes the construction industry prone to disputes. The historical separation between design and construction add to this phenomenon by having a consultant for design and a contractor for construction. Communication breakdown, frequently, is the first sign of problems, notably in the relationship between the Contractor and the Consultant. Therefore, it appears that the split between design and construction has given rise to two separate cultures in the construction industry. This paper attempts to identify whether there is a difference in organisational culture between Consultants and Contractors taken as two groups and determine whether a specific attribute was related to the cultural differences between the two entities. Based on case studies it was found that consultants are biased towards Clan culture while contractors are biased towards Market culture. However, both groups show similar affinity to Adhocracy and Hierarchy cultures.

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Ennes, H. S., J. A. McRoberts, P. E. Hyman, and W. J. Snape. "Characterization of colonic circular smooth muscle cells in culture." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 263, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): G365—G370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1992.263.3.g365.

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The receptor-binding properties of isolated rabbit colonic circular smooth muscle cells in primary culture have been investigated. In intact smooth muscle, acetylcholine, acting through M2 muscarinic receptors, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), acting through VIP receptors, are two of the principal neurotransmitters mediating contraction and relaxation, respectively. The muscarinic receptor was present in very high levels (600,000 receptors/cell) on freshly isolated colonic smooth muscle cells as shown by binding of the muscarinic receptor antagonist N-methylscopolamine (NMS). However, NMS binding sites decreased rapidly when the cells were placed in primary culture. After 21 h in culture, specific binding of [3H]NMS decreased to 20%, and after 48 h to less than 10% that of preculture values. This loss was not associated with a change in receptor affinity, since Kd was unchanged for the receptors still present. In contrast, high-affinity VIP receptors were expressed on cultured smooth muscle cells but could not be detected on freshly isolated cells. Cultured cells responded to VIP with an increase in intracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), indicating that the VIP receptors were functionally coupled to adenylate cyclase. Cultured cells also responded to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and forskolin with increased production of intracellular cAMP. In contrast, neither VIP nor CGRP elicited an increase in intracellular cAMP when added to freshly isolated cells. Furthermore, freshly isolated cells had a greatly diminished response to forskolin, suggesting that the isolation procedure not only destroyed cell surface receptors for VIP and CGRP, but also damaged the cells sufficiently to decrease cellular adenylate cyclase activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Alexander, Samuel M., and Bryan M. Gebhardt. "Rapid Immunoassay for the Detection of Genital Herpes Infection." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2, no. 1 (1994): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1064744994000360.

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Objective:We evaluated a new affinity membrane strip test for the diagnosis of herpetic genital infections. Test strip results, which are available by immunoassay in 30 min without the need for special equipment, were compared with the results of viral culture.Methods:Twenty-eight female patients with vulvar lesions thought to be due to genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection were tested. The affinity membrane strip was applied to the genital lesion. Dacron swabs were then applied to the lesions and the swab contents cultured for HSV. For the immunoassay, the test strip was immersed in peroxidase-labeled antibodies specific for HSV type 2 (HSV-2), incubated, washed, and developed in the substrate tetramethylbenzidine. Positive reactions appeared as intense blue spots roughly the shape and size of the lesion. Sensitivity and specificity of the test were determined using the results of viral cultures as the standard.Results:The lesions of 8 patients yielded positive strips that correlated with positive cultures. The lesions of 6 patients produced positive strips but the cultures were negative. None of the patients whose lesions yielded negative strips had positive cultures. The lesions of 14 patients produced negative strips and negative cultures. Strips and viral cultures from 10 control patients (no lesions) were negative. Sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 70%, respectively. Positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values were 57% and 100%, respectively. The accuracy was 78%.Conclusions:The affinity membrane test was extremely sensitive in detecting herpetic genital infection compared with viral culture. The specificity was lower, resulting from false positives based on negative cultures. However, negative cultures may occur in the presence of disease, depending in part on the type of lesion. Thus, specificity may be higher than this preliminary study indicates, and more elaborate search for virus including serologic studies as well as larger groups of patients may be needed to refine this evaluation. With further testing and development, this membrane affinity test for herpes may yield a valuable adjunct to clinical diagnosis of this infection.

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Boynton, Anthony Dwayne. "August Wilson, Afrofuturism, & Gem of the Ocean." Open Cultural Studies 2, no. 1 (November 1, 2018): 374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/culture-2018-0034.

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Abstract August Wilson's Century Cycle is as much a theatrical experiment of black cultural history and sociology as it is one of storytelling. Though often considered a realist playwright, Wilson walks beyond the realist landscape into speculative and imagined ones in Gem of the Ocean. His investment in cultural critique and history enhances the possibility of an enriching analysis of his work as speculative fiction. This research project locates the ties between Wilson’s affinity with history and the creation of a dystopian Pittsburgh in the play. In Wilson’s work, set in 1904, the antebellum past is so close to the post-Emancipation present, temporally and socio-politically, that there is almost no difference at all. The flattening of time Wilson insinuates through the milieu, a capitalist-police state, is articulated through characters’ relationship with it. Wilson is welcomed in conclusion into black speculative traditions of re-imagining time and using cultural histories to critique cultural realities.

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Dunfield, Peter F., Werner Liesack, Thilo Henckel, Roger Knowles, and Ralf Conrad. "High-Affinity Methane Oxidation by a Soil Enrichment Culture Containing a Type II Methanotroph." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 1009–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.3.1009-1014.1999.

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ABSTRACT Methanotrophic bacteria in an organic soil were enriched on gaseous mixing ratios of <275 parts per million of volume (ppmv) of methane (CH4). After 4 years of growth and periodic dilution (>1020 times the initial soil inoculum), a mixed culture was obtained which displayed an apparent half-saturation constant [Km(app) ] for CH4 of 56 to 186 nM (40 to 132 ppmv). This value was the same as that measured in the soil itself and about 1 order of magnitude lower than reported values for pure cultures of methane oxidizers. However, theKm(app) increased when the culture was transferred to higher mixing ratios of CH4 (1,000 ppmv, or 1%). Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of the enrichment grown on <275 ppmv of CH4 revealed a single gene product ofpmoA, which codes for a subunit of particulate methane monooxygenase. This suggested that only one methanotroph species was present. This organism was isolated from a sample of the enrichment culture grown on 1% CH4 and phylogenetically positioned based on its 16S rRNA, pmoA, and mxaF gene sequences as a type II strain of theMethylocystis/Methylosinus group. A coculture of this strain with a Variovorax sp., when grown on <275 ppmv of CH4, had a Km(app) (129 to 188 nM) similar to that of the initial enrichment culture. The data suggest that the affinity of methanotrophic bacteria for CH4 varies with growth conditions and that the oxidation of atmospheric CH4 observed in this soil is carried out by type II methanotrophic bacteria which are similar to characterized species.

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Woo, Benjamin. "Cultural studies and actually existing culture." International Journal of Cultural Studies 23, no. 3 (February 14, 2020): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877920903053.

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The cultural studies tradition is a big tent that is defined by academic realpolitik and feelings of affinity or disaffinity as much as anything else. This article recounts my own introduction to and professionalization within the field of cultural studies and, more particularly, how my relationship to empirical research methods changed over time. I ultimately want to argue for the importance of staying grounded in the analysis of real people’s real experiences of culture.

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Kowalczyk, AP, RH Tulloh, and PJ McKeown-Longo. "Polarized fibronectin secretion and localized matrix assembly sites correlate with subendothelial matrix formation." Blood 75, no. 12 (June 15, 1990): 2335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v75.12.2335.2335.

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Abstract Endothelial cells in vivo form the interface between the vascular and interstitial compartments and are strategically located to mediate vascular permeability and hemostasis. One mechanism endothelial cells use to maintain a nonthrombogenic surface is to polarize basement membrane constituents to the basolateral cell surface. In the present study, we began characterization of the mechanisms used by endothelial cells in the assembly of a subcellular fibronectin matrix. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to localize extracellular matrix fibronectin in endothelial cell cultures. In contrast to preconfluent and newly confluent cultures, post-confluent cultures assembled a fibronectin matrix that was restricted to the basolateral cell surface. To determine if endothelial cells polarize fibronectin secretion, Millicell culture inserts were used to distinguish proteins secreted from apical and basal surfaces. Preconfluent and newly confluent cultures secreted fibronectin equally into apical and basal media. In contrast, post-confluent endothelial cells secreted fibronectin preferentially into the basal chamber. The degree to which fibronectin secretion was polarized varied with time in culture and with the ability of the monolayers to act as a barrier to the movement of 125I- fibronectin from the apical to basal chamber. In addition, high affinity binding sites for exogenous 125I-fibronectin were found to be present on the basolateral, but not apical, surface of post-confluent endothelial monolayers. These results indicate that subendothelial matrix assembly correlates with polarized fibronectin secretion, culture confluence, and expression of high affinity binding sites for fibronectin on the basolateral cell surface.

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Kowalczyk, AP, RH Tulloh, and PJ McKeown-Longo. "Polarized fibronectin secretion and localized matrix assembly sites correlate with subendothelial matrix formation." Blood 75, no. 12 (June 15, 1990): 2335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v75.12.2335.bloodjournal75122335.

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Endothelial cells in vivo form the interface between the vascular and interstitial compartments and are strategically located to mediate vascular permeability and hemostasis. One mechanism endothelial cells use to maintain a nonthrombogenic surface is to polarize basement membrane constituents to the basolateral cell surface. In the present study, we began characterization of the mechanisms used by endothelial cells in the assembly of a subcellular fibronectin matrix. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to localize extracellular matrix fibronectin in endothelial cell cultures. In contrast to preconfluent and newly confluent cultures, post-confluent cultures assembled a fibronectin matrix that was restricted to the basolateral cell surface. To determine if endothelial cells polarize fibronectin secretion, Millicell culture inserts were used to distinguish proteins secreted from apical and basal surfaces. Preconfluent and newly confluent cultures secreted fibronectin equally into apical and basal media. In contrast, post-confluent endothelial cells secreted fibronectin preferentially into the basal chamber. The degree to which fibronectin secretion was polarized varied with time in culture and with the ability of the monolayers to act as a barrier to the movement of 125I- fibronectin from the apical to basal chamber. In addition, high affinity binding sites for exogenous 125I-fibronectin were found to be present on the basolateral, but not apical, surface of post-confluent endothelial monolayers. These results indicate that subendothelial matrix assembly correlates with polarized fibronectin secretion, culture confluence, and expression of high affinity binding sites for fibronectin on the basolateral cell surface.

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von Cramon-Taubadel, Noreen, and Stephen J. Lycett. "Assessing the relative impact of historical divergence and inter-group transmission on cultural patterns: a method from evolutionary ecology." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1743 (February 12, 2018): 20170054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0054.

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In the study of cultural evolution, observed among-group affinity patterns reflect the effects of processes such as mutation (e.g. innovation and copying error), between-group interaction (culture flow), drift and selection. As in biology, cultural affinity patterns are often spatially correlated, making it difficult to distinguish between the opposing geographically mediated forces of divergence and interaction, which cause groups to become more distinct or similar over time, respectively. Analogous difficulties are faced by evolutionary biologists examining the relationship between biological affinity and geography, particularly at lower taxonomic levels where the potential for gene flow between lineages is greatest. Tree models are generally used to assess the fit between affinity patterns and models of historical divergence. However, factors driving lineage divergence are often spatially mediated, resulting in tree models that are themselves geographically structured. Here, we showcase a simple method drawn from evolutionary ecology for assessing the relative impact of both geographically mediated processes simultaneously. We illustrate the method using global human craniometric diversity and material culture from the northern coast of New Guinea as example case studies. This method can be employed to quantify the relative importance of history (divergence) and geographically mediated between-group interaction (culture flow) in explaining observed cultural affinity patterns. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bridging cultural gaps: interdisciplinary studies in human cultural evolution’.

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Schwark, Sebastian, Wei Sun, Jörg Stute, Dirk Lütkemeyer, Mathias Ulbricht, and Börje Sellergren. "Monoclonal antibody capture from cell culture supernatants using epitope imprinted macroporous membranes." RSC Advances 6, no. 58 (2016): 53162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra06632a.

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Boyer, Gregory L., Stacie A. Kane, Jeffrey A. Alexander, and Dallas B. Aronson. "Siderophore formation in iron-limited cultures of Frankia sp. strain 52065 and Frankia sp. strain CeSI5." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 9 (December 18, 1999): 1316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-064.

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Frankia sp. strain 52065 (DDB 03010210) produces a high-affinity iron chelator or siderophore termed frankobactin to obtain iron needed for nitrogen fixation under iron-limiting conditions. Cultures of Frankia sp. strain 52065 and Frankia sp. strain CeSI5 (UFG 026605) were grown under iron-limiting and iron-replete conditions and examined for siderophore formation throughout the growth cycle using the HPLC 55Fe-binding assay and the Csaky chemical assay. Both cultures produced frankobactin under iron-limiting, but not iron-replete, conditions. This is the first positive report of hydroxamate siderophore formation in a Frankia isolate other than Frankia sp. strain 52065. A detailed analysis of siderophore formation throughout the culture cycle shows the presence of a second, strong iron-binding compound in both Frankia sp. strain 52065 and Frankia strain CeSI5. Chemical characterization by mass spectroscopy indicates that this second siderophore, named frankobactin A, is likely to be the open oxazoline ring conformer of frankobactin. Solution concentrations of frankobactin and frankobactin A increased during the rapid growth phase of Frankia in culture, reaching a maximum concentration of 20-25 µM, then decreased once the cultures entered stationary phase. Uptake studies using 55Fe-labeled frankobactin indicated this siderophore forms part of an inducible, high-affinity iron-uptake mechanism.Key words: hydroxamate, siderophore, frankobactin, iron, limitation, uptake.

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Vančová, Terézia, and Luboš Střelec. "Consumption Function in the Context of Cultural Affinity Zones." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 68, no. 4 (2020): 797–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun202068040797.

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Consumers' purchasing behaviour is affected at the microeconomic level by personal, psychological, situational, social and cultural factors. Beside the political and economic factors, culture with its beliefs, values, attitudes and traditions plays a substantial role also at the macroeconomic level in affecting national aggregate consumption, despite the recent phenomenon of globalisation. There is an evidence of excess sensitivity in European countries, which confirms that income change is a good predictor of consumption change. Clusters of European countries constructed according to single consumption functions correspond to some extent to the cultural affinity zones. Reactions (marginal propensity to consume) vary among formed groups of European countries and average consumption response is the highest in wealthier Western, followed by Central Europe and is the lowest in the South Europe. The results of this paper suggest that a stabilization policy may be more effective in an individualistic, hedonistic, rather a decentralised culture.

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Vuk-Pavlovic, Z., K. Pavelic, and S. Vuk-Pavlovic. "Modulation of in vitro growth of murine myeloid leukemia by an autologous substance immunochemically cross-reactive with insulin and antiinsulin serum." Blood 67, no. 4 (April 1, 1986): 1031–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v67.4.1031.1031.

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Abstract Murine myeloid leukemia secretes a substance immunochemically cross- reactive with insulin (SICRI) both in vivo and in serum-free media. High SICRI concentrations in peripheral blood of tumorous animals do not affect circulating glucose levels. In culture, DNA synthesis rate per leukemic cell is proportional to cell density and is reduced by antiinsulin serum. Culture medium conditioned by leukemia cells as well as SICRI affinity purified from this medium stimulate DNA synthesis in cultured leukemia cells. It appears that autocrine stimulation of murine myeloid leukemia can be mediated in part by an insulin-related growth factor.

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Vuk-Pavlovic, Z., K. Pavelic, and S. Vuk-Pavlovic. "Modulation of in vitro growth of murine myeloid leukemia by an autologous substance immunochemically cross-reactive with insulin and antiinsulin serum." Blood 67, no. 4 (April 1, 1986): 1031–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v67.4.1031.bloodjournal6741031.

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Murine myeloid leukemia secretes a substance immunochemically cross- reactive with insulin (SICRI) both in vivo and in serum-free media. High SICRI concentrations in peripheral blood of tumorous animals do not affect circulating glucose levels. In culture, DNA synthesis rate per leukemic cell is proportional to cell density and is reduced by antiinsulin serum. Culture medium conditioned by leukemia cells as well as SICRI affinity purified from this medium stimulate DNA synthesis in cultured leukemia cells. It appears that autocrine stimulation of murine myeloid leukemia can be mediated in part by an insulin-related growth factor.

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26

Moody, Stephanie. "Bullies and blackouts: Examining the participatory culture of online book reviewing." Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 25, no. 5-6 (July 25, 2017): 1063–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354856517721805.

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This article examines online book reviewing practices through Henry Jenkins’s notion of ‘participatory culture’ and illustrates the power dynamics and market pressures that shape this participation. While the individuals featured in this article participate in shared affinity spaces around a passion for reading and writing books, they also participate in a publishing industry increasingly reliant on reviews and ratings. I argue that the sabotaging and bullying of authors and reviewers, and the power dynamics reinforced through these tactics, risk being occluded by scholarship that emphasizes the literacy practices fostered through participatory culture over the content and social actions reproduced through them. My analysis of book reviewing practices demonstrates the need to critique the positive imagery evoked by terms like ‘participatory’, ‘affinity’, ‘online community’, ‘shared goals’, and ‘collective knowledge’ and to examine these terms within their specific discursive and economic conditions.

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27

Heine, Thomas, Marika Mehnert, Rïngo Schwabe, and Dirk Tischler. "Siderophore Purification via Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography." Solid State Phenomena 262 (August 2017): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.262.505.

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Siderophores are low-molecular weight compounds that are produced by organisms to assimilate vital Fe3+ out of iron-deficient environments. They are of interest for several (bio-) technological applications because of their high selectivity for several metal ions. Unfortunately, the concentration in supernatants is often low and thus it is challenging to purify or even enrich these compounds. We applied different types of siderophores onto an immobilized metal-resin that was loaded with either Ni2+, Co2+ or Fe3+. Elution was done with ethanol to reduce salt load and facilitate downstream processing. Thus, it is possible to enrich as well as desalt a sample within one-step from culture supernatant, which allows faster characterization and application of siderophores.

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28

Landschulz, KT, AN Noyes, O. Rogers, and SH Boyer. "Erythropoietin receptors on murine erythroid colony-forming units: natural history." Blood 73, no. 6 (May 1, 1989): 1476–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v73.6.1476.1476.

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Abstract Erythropoietin (Epo) response and binding was assessed in purified murine CFU-E and their descendants. Several features emerged. First, Epo on CFU-E is in rapid flux: Half-time for 125I-Epo internalization is approximately four to five minutes. Second, computer-aided Scatchard analyses indicate that greater than 70 high-affinity Epo-receptor sites on anemic animal CFU-E are sometimes already occupied by Epo acquired in vivo. When this is removed, 40% of greater than or equal to 370 sites per CFU-E belong to a high-affinity class (dissociation constant, kd: 73 pmol/L +/- 15 [SE]) and 60% belong to a low-affinity class (kd: 813 pmol/L +/- 246). Third, the few small colonies that develop from CFU-E in the absence of Epo are shown, by serial assay of 59Fe-heme biosynthesis, to stem from contaminating erythroblasts: a result consistent with our finding that, after eight-hour CFU-E culture, most erythroblasts no longer require appreciable Epo for growth. Thus, although the early need for Epo by CFU-E is nearly absolute, this need is not met by the often substantial Epo already on board. The inference is that repeated occupancy of the rapidly turning over Epo receptors is required. Fourth, Epo bound and/or internalized by CFU-E descendants decreases to 40% of zero-time levels after 14 hours in Epo-supplemented culture and disappears after 28 hours. Scatchard analyses indicate that 73 pmol/L kd receptor sites become undetectable at seven to eight hours, whereas 813 pmol/L kd sites are undiminished and only one-third less by 16 hours. This apparent disappearance of high-affinity sites and persistence of low-affinity sites suggests that (a) at least two gene products mediate Epo binding, eg, two different receptor polypeptides or one receptor and one cofactor which modulates affinity; (b) high-affinity sites mediate the growth function of Epo during the first eight hours of culture; and (c) lingering low-affinity receptors may mediate some unrecognized Epo function. Fifth, the efficiency with which 106- and 91-Kd CFU-E membrane polypeptides can be cross-linked to 125I-Epo is two- to threefold higher for cells labeled at high Epo concentrations than at low ones, which suggests that these polypeptides largely reflect low-affinity site reactions.

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29

Landschulz, KT, AN Noyes, O. Rogers, and SH Boyer. "Erythropoietin receptors on murine erythroid colony-forming units: natural history." Blood 73, no. 6 (May 1, 1989): 1476–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v73.6.1476.bloodjournal7361476.

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Erythropoietin (Epo) response and binding was assessed in purified murine CFU-E and their descendants. Several features emerged. First, Epo on CFU-E is in rapid flux: Half-time for 125I-Epo internalization is approximately four to five minutes. Second, computer-aided Scatchard analyses indicate that greater than 70 high-affinity Epo-receptor sites on anemic animal CFU-E are sometimes already occupied by Epo acquired in vivo. When this is removed, 40% of greater than or equal to 370 sites per CFU-E belong to a high-affinity class (dissociation constant, kd: 73 pmol/L +/- 15 [SE]) and 60% belong to a low-affinity class (kd: 813 pmol/L +/- 246). Third, the few small colonies that develop from CFU-E in the absence of Epo are shown, by serial assay of 59Fe-heme biosynthesis, to stem from contaminating erythroblasts: a result consistent with our finding that, after eight-hour CFU-E culture, most erythroblasts no longer require appreciable Epo for growth. Thus, although the early need for Epo by CFU-E is nearly absolute, this need is not met by the often substantial Epo already on board. The inference is that repeated occupancy of the rapidly turning over Epo receptors is required. Fourth, Epo bound and/or internalized by CFU-E descendants decreases to 40% of zero-time levels after 14 hours in Epo-supplemented culture and disappears after 28 hours. Scatchard analyses indicate that 73 pmol/L kd receptor sites become undetectable at seven to eight hours, whereas 813 pmol/L kd sites are undiminished and only one-third less by 16 hours. This apparent disappearance of high-affinity sites and persistence of low-affinity sites suggests that (a) at least two gene products mediate Epo binding, eg, two different receptor polypeptides or one receptor and one cofactor which modulates affinity; (b) high-affinity sites mediate the growth function of Epo during the first eight hours of culture; and (c) lingering low-affinity receptors may mediate some unrecognized Epo function. Fifth, the efficiency with which 106- and 91-Kd CFU-E membrane polypeptides can be cross-linked to 125I-Epo is two- to threefold higher for cells labeled at high Epo concentrations than at low ones, which suggests that these polypeptides largely reflect low-affinity site reactions.

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30

Baranowski, Eric, Noemi Sevilla, Nuria Verdaguer, Carmen M. Ruiz-Jarabo, Ewald Beck, and Esteban Domingo. "Multiple Virulence Determinants of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Cell Culture." Journal of Virology 72, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 6362–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.8.6362-6372.1998.

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ABSTRACT Hypervirulent variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) of serotype C arise upon serial cytolytic or persistent infections in cell culture. A specific mutation in the internal ribosome entry site of persistent FMDV was previously associated with enhanced translation initiation activity that could contribute to the hypervirulent phenotype for BHK-21 cells. Here we report that several hypervirulent FMDV variants arising upon serial cytolytic passage show an invariant internal ribosome entry site but have a number of mutations affecting structural and nonstructural viral proteins. The construction of chimeric type O-type C infectious transcripts has allowed the mapping of a major determinant of hypervirulence to the viral capsid. Tissue culture-adapted FMDV displayed enhanced affinity for heparin, but binding to cell surface heparan sulfate moieties was not required for expression of the hypervirulent phenotype in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Virulence was identical or even higher for glycosaminoglycan-deficient CHO cells than for wild-type CHO cells. FMDV variants with decreased affinity for heparin were selected from a high-binding parental population and analyzed. Substitutions associated with decreased heparin binding were located at positions 173 of capsid protein VP3 and 144 of capsid protein VP1. These substitutions had a moderate effect on virulence for BHK-21 cells but completely abrogated infection of CHO cells. The comparative results with several FMDV isolates show that (i) increased affinity for heparin and alterations in cell tropism may be mediated by a number of independent sites on the viral capsid and (ii) the same capsid modifications may have different effects on different cell types.

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31

Zhang, Ci, Frank Vago, Fei Guo, Zheng Liu, Guimei Yu, Phil Serwer, and Wen Jiang. "Affinity Cryo-Electron Microscopy Studies of Viral Particles Captured Directly From Cell Culture." Microscopy and Microanalysis 21, S3 (August 2015): 547–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927615003530.

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32

Barros, Daniela, Eduardo Conde-Sousa, Andreia M. Gonçalves, Woojin M. Han, Andrés J. García, Isabel F. Amaral, and Ana P. Pêgo. "Engineering hydrogels with affinity-bound laminin as 3D neural stem cell culture systems." Biomaterials Science 7, no. 12 (2019): 5338–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9bm00348g.

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33

Kayo, Sabrina, Janina Bahnemann, Matthias Klauser, Ralf Pörtner, and An-Ping Zeng. "A microfluidic device for immuno-affinity-based separation of mitochondria from cell culture." Lab on a Chip 13, no. 22 (2013): 4467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3lc50739d.

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34

Nakano, I., C. Z. Soe, and R. Codd. "Isolation of doxorubicin from a bacterial culture using immobilised metal ion affinity chromatography." RSC Advances 5, no. 58 (2015): 46437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra07639k.

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Doxorubicin was isolated as a free ligand from aStreptomyces peucetiusvar.caesiusculture using Ni(ii)-based IMAC. This easy-to-use, water-compatible method could improve the security of doxorubicin supply.

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35

Reynolds, Richard, Christine Steffen, and Norbert Herschkowitz. "High-affinity uptake of ?-[3H]aminobutyric acid by isolated mouse oligodendrocytes in culture." Neurochemical Research 12, no. 10 (October 1987): 885–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00966310.

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36

Jennings, Charles G. B., and Anne W. Mudge. "Chick myotubes in culture express high-affinity receptors for calcitonin gene-related peptide." Brain Research 504, no. 2 (December 1989): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(89)91357-7.

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37

Stuart, Rebekah B., Suzanne Zwaanswijk, Neil D. MacKintosh, Boontarikaan Witikornkul, Peter M. Brophy, and Russell M. Morphew. "The soluble glutathione transferase superfamily: role of Mu class in triclabendazole sulphoxide challenge in Fasciola hepatica." Parasitology Research 120, no. 3 (January 27, 2021): 979–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07055-5.

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AbstractFasciola hepatica (liver fluke), a significant threat to food security, causes global economic loss for the livestock industry and is re-emerging as a foodborne disease of humans. In the absence of vaccines, treatment control is by anthelmintics; with only triclabendazole (TCBZ) currently effective against all stages of F. hepatica in livestock and humans. There is widespread resistance to TCBZ and its detoxification by flukes might contribute to the mechanism. However, there is limited phase I capacity in adult parasitic helminths with the phase II detoxification system dominated by the soluble glutathione transferase (GST) superfamily. Previous proteomic studies have demonstrated that the levels of Mu class GST from pooled F. hepatica parasites respond under TCBZ-sulphoxide (TCBZ-SO) challenge during in vitro culture ex-host. We have extended this finding by exploiting a sub-proteomic lead strategy to measure the change in the total soluble GST profile (GST-ome) of individual TCBZ-susceptible F. hepatica on TCBZ-SO-exposure in vitro culture. TCBZ-SO exposure demonstrated differential abundance of FhGST-Mu29 and FhGST-Mu26 following affinity purification using both GSH and S-hexyl GSH affinity. Furthermore, a low or weak affinity matrix interacting Mu class GST (FhGST-Mu5) has been identified and recombinantly expressed and represents a new low-affinity Mu class GST. Low-affinity GST isoforms within the GST-ome was not restricted to FhGST-Mu5 with a second likely low-affinity sigma class GST (FhGST-S2) uncovered. This study represents the most complete Fasciola GST-ome generated to date and has supported the potential of subproteomic analyses on individual adult flukes.

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38

Zhang, Shiquen, Baoman Li, Ditte Lovatt, Junnan Xu, Dan Song, Steven A. Goldman, Maiken Nedergaard, Leif Hertz, and Liang Peng. "5-HT2B receptors are expressed on astrocytes from brain and in culture and are a chronic target for all five conventional ‘serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors’." Neuron Glia Biology 6, no. 2 (May 2010): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740925x10000141.

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In well-differentiated primary cultures of mouse astrocytes, which express no serotonin transporter (SERT), the ‘serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitor’ (SSRI) fluoxetine leads acutely to 5-HT2B receptor-mediated, transactivation-dependent phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) with an EC50 of ~5 μM, and chronically to ERK1/2 phosphorylation-dependent upregulation of mRNA and protein expression of calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) with ten-fold higher affinity. This affinity is high enough that fluoxetine given therapeutically may activate astrocytic 5-HT2B receptors (Li et al., 2008, 2009). We now confirm the expression of 5-HT2B receptors in astrocytes freshly dissociated from mouse brain and isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and investigate in cultured cells if the effects of fluoxetine are shared by all five conventional SSRIs with sufficiently high affinity to be relevant for mechanism(s) of action of SSRIs. Phosphorylated and total ERK1/2 and mRNA and protein expression of cPLA2a were determined by Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Paroxetine, which differs widely from fluoxetine in affinity for SERT and for another 5-HT2 receptor, the 5-HT2C receptor, acted acutely and chronically like fluoxetine. One micromolar of paroxetine, fluvoxamine or sertraline increased cPLA2a expression during chronic treatment; citalopram had a similar effect at 0.1–0.5 μM; these are therapeutically relevant concentrations.

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39

Yue, G., P. Hu, Y. Oh, T. Jilling, R. L. Shoemaker, D. J. Benos, E. J. Cragoe, and S. Matalon. "Culture-induced alterations in alveolar type II cell Na+ conductance." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 265, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): C630—C640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1993.265.3.c630.

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Changes in Na+ transport in rat alveolar type II (ATII) cells during culture were quantified and related to alterations in spatial distribution of proteins antigenically related to amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels. Adult rat ATII cells were cultured for periods ranging from 24 to 96 h. When patch clamped in the whole cell mode, both freshly isolated and cultured ATII cells exhibited outwardly rectified Na+ currents. At 0 and 24 h in culture, these currents were equally inhibited by amiloride, benzamil, and 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-2',4'-amiloride (inhibitory constant approximately 1 microM). These conductive pathways were equally permeable to Na+ and K+. Immunocytochemical localization at 0 or 24 h in culture revealed the presence of plasma membrane antigenic sites; after 48 h, the appearance of intracellular antigenic sites increased significantly. A single band of molecular mass 135 kDa in membrane proteins of freshly isolated ATII cells was recognized in Western blots; at 48 h in culture, two lower bands with molecular masses of 75 and 65 kDa were detected in either membrane or cytoplasmic proteins. Photolabeling with 2'-methoxy-5'-nitrobenzamil showed that the 135-, 75-, and 65-kDa bands contained amiloride-binding sites. These results suggest the presence of low amiloride affinity conductive pathways in freshly isolated and cultured ATII cells. Culturing ATII cells resulted in internalization and possible breakdown of these pathways and decreased Na+ transport.

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40

Sawyer, ST, SB Krantz, and K. Sawada. "Receptors for erythropoietin in mouse and human erythroid cells and placenta." Blood 74, no. 1 (July 1, 1989): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v74.1.103.103.

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Abstract High and lower affinity receptors for erythropoietin (EP) were initially identified on a very pure population of EP-responsive erythroblasts obtained from the spleens of mice infected with anemia strain of Friend virus (FVA). The structure of the receptor for EP in these cells was determined to be proteins of 100 and 85 Kd by cross- linking 125I-EP. In this investigation, studies on the receptors for EP were extended to other mouse erythroid cells and human erythroid cells as well as to the placentas of mice and rats. Only lower affinity receptors for EP were detected on erythroblasts purified from the spleens of mice infected with the polycythemia strain of Friend virus and a murine erythroleukemia cell line, both of which are not responsive to EP in culture. Internalization of 125I-EP was observed in both groups of cells. The structure of the receptor determined by cross- linking 125I-EP was two equally labeled proteins of 100 Kd and 85 Kd molecular mass in all these mouse erythroid cells. The structure of the receptor was found to be very similar in human erythroid colony forming cells cultured from normal blood. These cells respond to EP with erythroid maturation and were previously shown to have high and lower affinity receptors. Placentas from mice and rats were found to have only lower affinity receptors for EP, and when placental membranes were cross-linked to 125I-EP, the same 100 Kd and 85 Kd bands were found as seen in mouse and human erythroid cells. The structure of the receptor was similar in cells that have high affinity receptors (FVA-infected and human erythroid colony-forming cells) and nonresponsive erythroid cells and placenta that have lower affinity receptors, but only the cells with the high affinity receptors respond to the addition of EP with erythroid maturation.

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Sawyer, ST, SB Krantz, and K. Sawada. "Receptors for erythropoietin in mouse and human erythroid cells and placenta." Blood 74, no. 1 (July 1, 1989): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v74.1.103.bloodjournal741103.

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High and lower affinity receptors for erythropoietin (EP) were initially identified on a very pure population of EP-responsive erythroblasts obtained from the spleens of mice infected with anemia strain of Friend virus (FVA). The structure of the receptor for EP in these cells was determined to be proteins of 100 and 85 Kd by cross- linking 125I-EP. In this investigation, studies on the receptors for EP were extended to other mouse erythroid cells and human erythroid cells as well as to the placentas of mice and rats. Only lower affinity receptors for EP were detected on erythroblasts purified from the spleens of mice infected with the polycythemia strain of Friend virus and a murine erythroleukemia cell line, both of which are not responsive to EP in culture. Internalization of 125I-EP was observed in both groups of cells. The structure of the receptor determined by cross- linking 125I-EP was two equally labeled proteins of 100 Kd and 85 Kd molecular mass in all these mouse erythroid cells. The structure of the receptor was found to be very similar in human erythroid colony forming cells cultured from normal blood. These cells respond to EP with erythroid maturation and were previously shown to have high and lower affinity receptors. Placentas from mice and rats were found to have only lower affinity receptors for EP, and when placental membranes were cross-linked to 125I-EP, the same 100 Kd and 85 Kd bands were found as seen in mouse and human erythroid cells. The structure of the receptor was similar in cells that have high affinity receptors (FVA-infected and human erythroid colony-forming cells) and nonresponsive erythroid cells and placenta that have lower affinity receptors, but only the cells with the high affinity receptors respond to the addition of EP with erythroid maturation.

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Kajiyama, Y., and M. Ui. "Switching from α1- to β-subtypes in adrenergic response during primary culture of adult-rat hepatocytes as affected by the cell-to-cell interaction through plasma membranes." Biochemical Journal 303, no. 1 (October 1, 1994): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3030313.

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The alpha 1-adrenergic response was predominant over the beta-adrenergic one in adult rat hepatocytes, when the responses were measured as the agonist-induced generations of Ins(1,4,5)P3 and cyclic AMP, respectively. During primary culture of the adult rat hepatocytes, the beta-adrenergic response developed rapidly, whereas the alpha 1-response decreased gradually. Such receptor-subtype switching did not occur unless the cells were cultured under conditions favourable for cell growth, i.e. at low cell density (10(4) cells/cm2). The switching was prevented progressively as the cell culture density was increased up to 20-fold or the low-density culture was achieved by addition of increasing amounts of liver plasma membranes. The gradual decrease in alpha 1-response was accounted for by a concurrent decrease in the receptor site density, whereas rapid development of the beta-response definitely preceded the increase in beta-ligand binding sites during the culture. This rapid development of the beta-response reflected enhanced coupling of the receptor to G-protein during the early stage of culture, as evidenced by the progressively developed ability of GTP to lower the affinity of beta-agonist binding to membranes prepared from these short-time-cultured hepatocytes.

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43

Dattamajumdar, Satarupa. "KINSHIP TERMINOLOGY IN LEPCHA." Buckingham Journal of Language and Linguistics 3 (September 16, 2010): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/bjll.v3i0.29.

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Lepcha being a language of the Tibeto Burman language family exhibit structural traits of the of the kinship terminological system realised in the Indian subcontinent. Kinship terminology has been analysed by different scholars from different points of view like, generation, sex, affinity, collaterality, relative age, polarity, affinity, etc. The present paper examines the Lepcha kinship terminology keeping the existing structural criteria in view along with culture and language specific aspects into consideration.

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44

Overend, C., R. Mitchell, D. He, G. Rompato, M. J. Grubman, and A. E. Garmendia. "Recombinant swine beta interferon protects swine alveolar macrophages and MARC-145 cells from infection with Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus." Journal of General Virology 88, no. 3 (March 1, 2007): 925–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.82585-0.

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Swine beta interferon (swIFN-β) produced in HEK 293 cells infected with a recombinant, replication-defective human adenovirus 5 (Ad5) encoding the swIFN-β gene was tested for antiviral activity against Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). MARC-145 cells were incubated overnight with dilutions of supernatant fluids from HEK 293 cells infected with Ad5-swIFN-β or with an Ad5 control virus (Ad5-Blue). Treated cells were infected with PRRSV; MARC-145 cells incubated with Ad5-Blue supernatants developed cytopathic effects (CPE), whereas those incubated with swIFN-β showed no CPE. To confirm the antiviral activity of swIFN-β, culture fluids from Ad5-swIFN-β-infected cells were affinity-purified on a Sepharose–anti-swIFN-β matrix, and the resulting fractions exhibited antiviral activity upon infection with PRRSV. The antiviral effects were specific, as they were blocked by mAbs against swIFN-β. Additional cultures of MARC-145 cells treated with swIFN-β-containing supernatants or affinity-purified swIFN-β were infected with PRRSV and tested by real-time RT-PCR for viral RNA in culture supernatants at various times post-inoculation. These experiments confirmed the protective effects of swIFN-β. swIFN-β was also tested for antiviral activity on porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from PRRSV-negative swine. PAMs were treated with dilutions of swIFN-β or Ad5-Blue culture fluids, infected with PRRSV and tested for viral RNA by real-time RT-PCR. The viral load data showed a dose-dependent protection in swIFN-β-treated PAMs, whereas no protection was evident from Ad5-Blue culture fluids. The data demonstrate that swIFN-β protects both MARC-145 cells and PAMs from PRRSV infection.

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VINSON, DUNCAN. "Liberal Religion, Artistic Autonomy, and the Culture of Secular Choral Societies." Journal of the Society for American Music 4, no. 3 (July 15, 2010): 339–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752196310000179.

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AbstractU.S. choral societies typically formalize themselves as secular organizations analogous to symphony orchestras and opera companies. Yet choral societies differ from symphonic or operatic organizations because almost all choruses depend on volunteer singers. Part of what attracts singers into choruses is a sometimes unacknowledged affinity between the religious traditions of liberal Christians and Jews and the culture of choral singing as practiced in formally secular choral societies. The liberal tradition in religion encourages a habitus toward music that might be called a “sense of liturgy”: The interpretation of musical works historically and collectively, rather than as didactic works addressed to an individual. Although many canonical choral works are Christian in content, liberal religion encourages distancing mechanisms that allow people from other faith traditions, or none at all, to engage with these works. In short, the posture of artistic autonomy often found within formally secular choral societies, in which there is no overt religious test for membership, owes part of its genesis to the religious habits of liberal Christians and Jews. The present article explores this affinity by drawing on ethnomusicological fieldwork among choral singers in New England, as well as published accounts of a 1996 controversy over the performance of religious music by a public school choir in Utah.

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Benyajati, Siribhinya, and J. Larry Renfro. "Taurine secretion in primary monolayer cultures of flounder renal epithelium: stimulation by low osmolality." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 279, no. 2 (August 1, 2000): R704—R712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.2.r704.

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Transepithelial taurine fluxes determined in short-circuited monolayer cultures of flounder renal proximal cells in Ussing chambers revealed net taurine secretion. Both unidirectional secretory and reabsorptive taurine fluxes exhibited saturation kinetics contributed by two distinct saturable transepithelial taurine transport systems operating at different taurine concentration ranges. The taurine secretory system operating below 0.5 mM had lower affinity but higher capacity than the reabsorptive system, whereas the one operating at high concentrations (0.5–3.0 mM) had higher affinity but the same capacity as the corresponding reabsorptive system. Exposure (2 h) of the cultures to hyposmotic medium in the presence of taurine increased taurine secretory flux twofold with no effect on the reabsorptive flux. The hyposmolality-induced increase in taurine secretion was associated with a decreased peritubular taurine efflux and a concurrent increased luminal taurine efflux; the latter occurred via a pathway that was not affected by 4,4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid but inhibited by probenecid. The culture response in hyposmotic medium mimics the in vivo response of the intact marine fish kidney to dilution.

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Budd, Tracy J., Frank W. Hemming, and Bruce Middleton. "Characterization of the LDL receptor in rat promegakaryoblasts in culture." Bioscience Reports 11, no. 1 (February 1, 1991): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01118601.

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Rat promegakaryoblasts (RPM, a precursor platelet cell line) in culture exhibited a capacity to bind, take up and degrade125I-LDL. The low density lipoprotein (LDL) binding showed the following characteristics: (a) high affinity, (b) saturability, (c) specificity, (d) down-regulation, after exposure to 25 hydroxycholesterol. Furthermore the proteolytic degradation of125I-LDL by RPMs was inhibited by chloroquine which interferes with the lysosomal degradation processes. These findings show LDL receptor cell biology of RPM to be of the classical type and to differ from that of platelets.

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Pusch, D., St Ihle, I. Graeber, J. M. López-Pila, and M. Lebuhn. "Quantitative detection of enteroviruses in activated sludge by cell culture and real-time RT-PCR using paramagnetic capturing." Journal of Water and Health 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2005.039.

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We have compared in extracts of activated sludge the number of enteroviruses detectable with buffalo green monkey (BGM) cell-cultures versus the number of enteroviral genomes determined by reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). In order to find conditions adequate for quantifying enteroviral RNA isolated from (waste)water we have investigated affinity capture of RNA with polystyrene beads (Dynabeads). The capture efficiency strongly depended on the genomic region chosen for the affinity binding. Capture of the RNA by its 3′-tail was most efficient (almost 100%); other regions within the genome yielded variable but lower results. Indirect capture (first hybridization of the RNA to the oligonucleotides, then attachment of the duplex molecules to the beads) was much more efficient than direct capture (attachment of the oligonucleotides to the beads first, then binding of the RNA), and resulted in RNA capture of maximally 60–80%. At least partly, this was due to incomplete hybridization of the RNA to the complementary oligonucleotides. No correlation was found between the number of cytopathic effects (CPE) determined by cell culture and the number of genomes quantified by RT-qPCR; RT-qPCR values were consistently much higher than the number of CPE. This points to overestimation of infectious enteroviruses by RT-qPCR and/or underestimation by the cell culture approach.

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Morrison, Mark, Roderick I. Mackie, and Albrecht Kistner. "3-Phenylpropanoic Acid Improves the Affinity of Ruminococcus albus for Cellulose in Continuous Culture." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 56, no. 10 (1990): 3220–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.56.10.3220-3222.1990.

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Rimmelzwaan, G. F., J. Groen, N. Juntti, J. S. Teppema, F. G. C. M. UytdeHaag, and A. D. M. E. Osterhaus. "Purification of infectious canine parvovirus from cell culture by affinity chromatography with monoclonal antibodies." Journal of Virological Methods 15, no. 4 (March 1987): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-0934(87)90154-6.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Culture affinity'

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