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Fleury, Béatrice, and Jacques Walter. "Values: Which Theories, Which Methods?" Cultural Sociology 14, no. 3 (September 2020): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1749975520922174.
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For the 31st issue of Questions de communication, Nathalie Heinich (EHESS, CNRS) extracted 10 proposals from her book published early in 2017, Des Valeurs. Une approche sociologique ( Values: A sociological approach). By characterising the diversity of attributions given to values in situations, she exposes the outlines for a scientific project which various researchers discuss in this special issue: Laurence Kaufmann and Philippe Gonzalez (University of Lausanne), Louis Quéré (EHESS, CNRS) and Danilo Martuccelli (Millennium Nucleus Centre Authority and Power Asymmetries - Université de Paris - Universidad Diego Portales, Chile). Although all of them consider Nathalie Heinich’s project to be heuristic, they suggest that some aspects require further nuance, and they develop complementary analyses that will be of interest for all the humanities and social sciences.
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Wong-On-Wing, Bernard, and Gladie Lui. "Beyond Cultural Values: An Implicit Theory Approach to Cross-Cultural Research in Accounting Ethics." Behavioral Research in Accounting 25, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/bria-10315.
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ABSTRACT: The value dimensional approach for conducting cross-cultural studies in accounting has been subject to various critiques leading to calls for alternative conceptualization and operationalization of culture. The present research responds to those calls by testing the viability of using implicit theories as an alternative to value dimensions for studying cultural differences in the context of morality judgments. Consistent with expectations, results of Experiment I indicate that, independent of cultural values, differences in the implicit theory of causality between Chinese and Americans explained their divergence in inferences about the morality of a fraudster. In Experiments II and III, this effect of implicit theories was compared respectively with that of the individualism/collectivism value dimension and that of the power distance value dimension. Results show that the effect of implicit theories remained significant whereas the effect of both value dimensions was not significant. Implications for future research are discussed. Data Availability: Please contact the first author.
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Kikuchi, June F. "Cultural Theories of Nursing Responsive to Human Needs and Values." Journal of Nursing Scholarship 37, no. 4 (December 2005): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2005.00050.x.
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Iguisi, Osarumwense. "A Cultural Approach to African Management Philosophy." International Journal of Virtual Communities and Social Networking 10, no. 3 (July 2018): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijvcsn.2018070102.
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Despite acknowledging the existence of indigenous management capabilities and skills in Africa, management practice in precolonial African societies was seen by the colonizers as primitive management. Africans have ways of exercising power and authority at the workplace, ways of motivating and rewarding people to make them work harder. Neither the institutions nor the political structures put in place by the colonizers acknowledge these indigenous knowledge structures, but much of them have survived in the traditions and cultural values of the African people. However, unlike in Europe and most parts of Asia, the attempted modernization or Westernization after independence has completely neglected the indigenous sociocultural knowledge and tried to transplant western management theories and models to traditional African societies. This article draws attention to the relevance of cultures to management philosophy with the purpose of contributing to a culturally appropriate practice of management in Africa. It has been shown that the different management theories in the form that they have been developed in the West reflect western philosophical thoughts which may not fit culturally in Africa management practice. However, in developing theories and building models of management theories in Africa, it is unlikely to pay Africans to throw away all that the West has to offer. Rather, the approach to appropriate management theorizing is to reflect on assumptions of Western management theories, compare Western assumptions about sociocultural values with African cultural values to rebuild the theories and models. The use of anthropological and philosophical concepts in this context will help in the development of appropriate management practice.
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Mpeli, Moliehi Rosemary. "Strategies for Integrating Cultural Values in Ethics Education for Nurses." Global Journal of Health Science 10, no. 7 (June 9, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v10n7p61.
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BACKGROUND: Limited usage of cultural values has prevailed in ethics education, probably due to controversial issues of cultural relativism .There is, however, an urgent need to bridge the gap between education and practice to ensure cultural appropriate ethical nursing care.METHODS: A literature review was done to identify transformative theory and strategies that may encourage students to recall, reflect and discuss self-identified morality.RESULTS: The proposed approach draws on transformative learning theory of Mezirow, and introduces strategies for aligning values with ethical theories. The article suggests that instead of imposing moral theories on students, transformative learning strategies should be implemented to reframe students’ ingrained values and realise the assimilation of these values in moral theories.CONCLUSION: Reframing and assimilation are necessary to bridge the gap between ethics education and practice in nursing. The strategies may enable intercultural dialogues that are deemed necessary for harmonious interaction among people with varied and dynamic cultural values and identities.
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Morales, Carlos, Claudia Holtschlag, Aline D. Masuda, and Percy Marquina. "In which cultural contexts do individual values explain entrepreneurship? An integrative values framework using Schwartz’s theories." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 37, no. 3 (December 5, 2018): 241–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242618811890.
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Answering research calls for better contextualisation of entrepreneurial behaviour, we examine the cultural contexts in which individuals with entrepreneurial values (Schwartz’s self-enhancement- and openness-to-change values) are most likely to be entrepreneurs. Culture is assessed through Schwartz’s cultural dimensions of mastery and egalitarianism. The results of multilevel logistic regressions with more than 35,000 respondents nested in 28 European countries support the hypotheses that individual values are more important for explaining entrepreneurship in non-entrepreneurial cultures (low in mastery and egalitarianism). Our results indicate that mastery compensates for openness-to-change, whereas egalitarianism reduces the impact of both self-enhancement and openness-to-change values.
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Heinich, Nathalie. "Ten Proposals on Values." Cultural Sociology 14, no. 3 (September 2020): 213–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1749975520922173.
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This article offers a summary of the book Des valeurs. Une approche sociologique ( Values: A sociological approach) (Gallimard, 2017) through a discussion of 10 controversial issues. It thereby allows the dismissal of various reductive notions of value, in particular those found in classical or neo-classical economics, the quantitative sociology of values, and most philosophical theories.
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Lee, Mo Yee. "A Solution-Focused Approach to Cross-Cultural Clinical Social Work Practice Utilizing Cultural Strengths." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 84, no. 3 (July 2003): 385–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.118.
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A major challenge faced by clinical social work practice today is how to apply clinical social work knowledge and practice theories to ethnic and racial groups who have diverse cultural values and practices. A solution-focused approach that incorporates the premises and techniques of social constructivism, empowerment-based practice, and a strengths perspective is well suited for responding to the needs of these groups with respect for their values and practices. With its focus on pragmatic change and encouraging clients to create solutions for themselves, in addition to avoiding the shame that clients in these enthnic and racial populations feel in seeking professional help, this approach fits cultural approval to seek support and advice.
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Magala, Slawomir. "Crosscultural Life of Social Values and Organizational Analysis: An Introduction to the Special Themed Section." Organization Studies 30, no. 9 (September 2009): 925–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840609338982.
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‘Crosscultural Life of Social Values’, a conference organized by the Rotterdam School of Management, Department of Organization Studies and Human Resource Management (Erasmus University, May 18—19, 2007) and International Association for Crosscultural Competence and Management (IACCM) signaled major challenges to the dominant theories of national and organizational cultures. Growing criticism of quasi-paradigmatic model of national culture (the Hofstedian canon) manifested increasing awareness of the need for a sustainable, ‘culturally attentive’ perspective on cross-cultural comparative studies. Latest AoM publications confirm post-paradigmatic shifts in theories of national and organizational cultures and in professionalization of cross-cultural competence.
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Peterson, Mark F., Stephanie J. Thomason, Norm Althouse, Nicholas Athanassiou, Gudrun Curri, Robert Konopaske, Tomasz Lenartowicz, et al. "Social Structures and Personal Values That Predict E-Mail Use." Journal of Global Information Management 18, no. 2 (April 2010): 57–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.2010040103.
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This article extends communication and technology use theories about factors that predict e-mail use by explaining the reasons for cultural contingencies in the effects of managers’ personal values and the social structures (roles, rules and norms) that are most used in their work context. Results from a survey of 576 managers from Canada, the English-speaking Caribbean, Nigeria, and the United States indicate that e-mail use may support participative and lateral decision making, as it is positively associated with work contexts that show high reliance on staff specialists especially in the U.S., subordinates, and unwritten rules especially in Nigeria and Canada. The personal value of self-direction is positively related to e-mail use in Canada, while security is negatively related to e-mail use in the United States. The results have implications for further development of TAM and media characteristic theories as well as for training about media use in different cultural contexts.
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Zapryanova, Galina M., and Lena Surzhko-Harned. "The effect of supranational identity on cultural values in Europe." European Political Science Review 8, no. 4 (July 1, 2015): 547–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773915000193.
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Does supranational identity have an independent effect on individuals’ beliefs about culturally contested issues in their national systems? This article demonstrates that self-categorization in the supranational realm – a seemingly unrelated category to domestic value cleavages – has implications for individuals’ views on cultural issues. Traditional theories of international norm diffusion focus almost exclusively on state-level interactions, but our findings provide further evidence to the existence of a more direct mechanism through which norms reach some citizens. A sense of identification with a supranational entity such as Europe makes citizens more likely to espouse the views and opinions promoted by supranational organizations. We use the European Values Study to examine whether supranational identity is associated with socially liberal preferences. Results from the multi-level models indicate that supranational identity exerts a systematic effect on attitudes toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender rights and gender equality. Additionally, while these effects are more consistent in EU member states, supranational identity exhibits a similar impact on social attitudes in non-EU countries such as those in the former Soviet Union.
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Grigoryan, Lusine K., Nadezhda Lebedeva, and Seger M. Breugelmans. "A Cross-Cultural Study of the Mediating Role of Implicit Theories of Innovativeness in the Relationship Between Values and Attitudes Toward Innovation." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 49, no. 2 (January 18, 2018): 336–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022116656399.
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This article presents a cross-cultural study on the mediating role of implicit theories of innovativeness in the relationship between basic values and specific attitudes toward innovation. Modernized samples (399 Russians from Moscow and Novokuznetsk) and more traditional samples (194 Chechens and Ingushs from North Caucasus and 200 Tuvins from the Tuva Republic) within the Russian Federation completed the Schwartz Value Survey (SVS), measures of attitudes toward innovation, and an Adjective Check List adapted for measuring implicit theories of innovativeness in the current samples. Main findings include (a) a split in individual and social aspects of implicit theories of innovativeness, (b) different mediation of the effects of Openness to Change and Conservation values, and (c) differences in mediation models between the two samples. Implications of these findings for cross-cultural studies on innovativeness are discussed.
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Chen, Stephen H., and Qing Zhou. "Cultural Values, Social Status, and Chinese American Immigrant Parents’ Emotional Expressivity." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 50, no. 3 (December 20, 2018): 381–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022118817653.
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Cultural values and social status are two salient factors in the psychological experiences of immigrant families, and both have been associated with immigrant parents’ patterns of emotional expression in previous studies. The present study examined how endorsement of cultural values (collectivism and conformity) and social status were uniquely associated with immigrant parents’ emotional expressivity in the family. First-generation Chinese American immigrant parents ( N = 239, 80% mothers; M = 41.31 years old) of elementary-age children reported on their endorsement of values of collectivism and conformity, their patterns of emotional expressivity in the family context, and their family income and education levels. Path analyses indicated unique positive associations between family income and all domains of parents’ emotional expressivity and negative associations between family income and parents’ endorsement of collectivism and conformity. Parents’ endorsement of collectivism was negatively associated with negative-dominant expressivity. We discuss implications of our findings for theories of culture and emotion, as well as for future intersectional approaches with Asian American populations.
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Kojima, Hideo. "Japanese Childrearing Advice in its Cultural, Social, and Economic Contexts." International Journal of Behavioral Development 19, no. 2 (June 1996): 373–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549601900209.
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After describing the background and current state of historical interests among Japanese developmentalists, this article stresses the value of the direct participation of developmentalists in historical study. Japanese historical materials on childrearing were analysed from a developmental point of view and their relation to cultural, social, and economic contexts in five historical epochs was examined. The results revealed historical continuity of basic beliefs and values in Japanese ethnotheories on childrearing and human development, and their relation to certain structural and functional aspects of Japanese society was demonstrated. A new term, the "ethnopsychological pool of ideas" (EPI), is presented to denote a reservoir of knowledge, practices, sentiments, and values that maintains diverse components across historical periods. The ethnopsychological pool of early modem Japan contained divergent key components based on which a few schools of modem academic theories on child development can be constructed. The analysis suggests that theories of childrearing draw upon naive psychology, expert advice, and scientific psychology, and are mutually related as social constructions based on the ethnopsychological pool of ideas of a particular society.
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Nguyen, Trong Dinh, and Mai Kieu Phuong Hua. "Influence of culture onconsumer behaviour: a model at personal level in pharmaceutical context." Science and Technology Development Journal 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i2.1481.
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This paper focuses on the building of conceptual model based on the Hofstede theory (1980; 1991) with extended theories for personally cultural values. As a result, a model for the relationshisp between personal cultural values and Vietnamese consumers’ buying intention in the context of non-prescription medication is established. The model is a new approach for the Hofstede’s theory at personally cultural level which was not developed and accepted before.
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Russo, Giuseppe, and Patricia Tomei. "ALIGNMENT OF CULTURAL AGREEMENT PRACTICES IN A BRAZILIAN BASED COMPANY." Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14488/bjopm.2015.v12.n1.a3.
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This paper reports the results of a case study research carried out in the Rio de Janeiro firm ARFCO, based on documentary evidence, interviews and questionnaires with the main objective to analyze the cultural agreement of an organization's subcultures, identifying the values (both extant and desired) perceived by the clusters (for both the leadership and the staff).The theoretical framework for the research is based on the theories on organizational management and change and based on the assumption that the search for clusters of similar perceptions is important for cultural alignment of subcultures.After an overview of the theories, programs and approaches for cultural management and change, the research method and questions of research are formalized so as to guide the case study. Simultaneous recourse was made to both a quantitive Q-methodology for the systematic analysis of subjectivity, that enabled the ideographic evaluation of organizational values, and a qualitative methodology, by means of study of the case. Results of the study indicate that although several elements of management and change capabilities are present, the organizational culture of ARFCO is predominantly defragmented. The existence of cultural fit among the subcultures of the leadership and the staff, with respect to desired values, offers us sufficient insight to suggest that cultural alignment within ARFCO is possible, as long as the current differences of perception can be attenuated.
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Zhou, Zhonghao. "Cross-cultural Training and Second Language Learning." Asian Education Studies 2, no. 3 (September 19, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/aes.v2i3.176.
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Culture and language are inseparable, and cultures as groups adopt particular practices and norms of behavior. Culture teaching is a long and complex process concerning something more than language use itself. The two popular theories influencing practice today are the Constructivist and the Creative Constructionist approaches, and the technique for conveying cultural awareness is cultural assimilator, which has been designed for specific cultures around the world. Cross-cultural training can be used to promote cultural awareness, that is, sensitize people to the influence of culture on people’s values and behaviors and help them recognize and accept the existence of cultural differences.
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Mele, Emanuele, and Katharina Lobinger. "A Framework to Analyze Cultural Values in Online Tourism Visuals of European Destinations." International Journal of Semiotics and Visual Rhetoric 2, no. 2 (July 2018): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsvr.2018070103.
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Images play a crucial role in inspiring and informing travelers throughout the tourism experience. Due to this, destination management/marketing organizations (DMOs) do their best to provide visually rich websites and mobile applications. Among the factors guiding online communication choices, cultural values influence the selection and use of website design and multimedia contents. While several strategies are available to measure cultural values offline and online, so far, no consistent framework has accounted for the visual style of cultural categories in the tourism domain, especially within the European context. Addressing this research gap, the aim of this article is to propose a framework for the visual analysis of cultural values in the context of European destinations, also discussing the relation among values, visual content and visual style. The final model results from the combination of existing theories of visual semiotics and cross-cultural communication with bottom-up data from the semiotic analysis of 95 pictures from UK and Portuguese DMO websites.
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Zygadło, Paweł. "Face and Authority: Cultural Challenges of Teaching in China." IAFOR Journal of Cultural Studies 5, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/ijcs.5.2.05.
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This article is meant as a reflection on the applicability of modern educational theories in a society in which embracing modernity does not necessarily imply the denial of traditional values. The theoretical divagations based on a comparison of arguments currently relevant in the western world regarding education and the historically dominant socio-ethical values in China will be followed by a short analysis of specific instances demonstrating the persistent nature of the latter. As there are undeniable advantages of the modern approach to education, the rift between western and Chinese views on the educational model is still quite apparent. The text will demonstrate the main points of divergence and will try to outline another possible approach towards modern education in a Chinese context.
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Huang, Ling, and Wan Min Zhao. "Cultural Planning for Urban Spaces: Cultural Turn of Contemporary Urban Planning." Advanced Materials Research 790 (September 2013): 492–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.790.492.
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Urban cultural crisis becomes a common phenomenon under the background of current globalized wave and rapid urbanization; the traditional city planning emphasizes on shaping material spatial form and lacks deep understanding and respect towards city culture, leading to the loss of city characteristics. It mainly because the cultural values of the urban planning are not clear and the urban spatial planning is divorced from cultural planning seriously. This paper starts with the cultural duality of urban space, puts forward that it is inevitably logical to integrate the cultural planning into the urban planning system; It discusses the theories and methods of cultural planning for urban spaces from the target system construction, main content and operation system, stressing that the core of cultural planning for urban spaces is the combing of cultural spatial factors and spatial cultural structure, then propounds the way to melt it into existing city planning system to enhance urban planning to the new stage of cultural consciousness and initiative.
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White, Cindel J. M., Michael Muthukrishna, and Ara Norenzayan. "Cultural similarity among coreligionists within and between countries." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 37 (September 7, 2021): e2109650118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2109650118.
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Cultural evolutionary theories suggest that world religions have consolidated beliefs, values, and practices within a superethnic cultural identity. It follows that affiliation with religious traditions would be reliably associated with global variation in cultural traits. To test this hypothesis, we measured cultural distance between religious groups within and between countries, using the Cultural Fixation Index (CFST) applied to the World Values Survey (88 countries, n = 243,118). Individuals who shared a religious tradition and level of commitment to religion were more culturally similar, both within and across countries, than those with different affiliations and levels of religiosity, even after excluding overtly religious values. Moreover, distances between denominations within a world religion echoed shared historical descent. Nonreligious individuals across countries also shared cultural values, offering evidence for the cultural evolution of secularization. While nation-states were a stronger predictor of cultural traits than religious traditions, the cultural similarity of coreligionists remained robust, controlling for demographic characteristics, geographic and linguistic distances between groups, and government restriction on religion. Together, results reveal the pervasive cultural signature of religion and support the role of world religions in sustaining superordinate identities that transcend geographical boundaries.
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Roobavannan, Mahendran, Tim H. M. van Emmerik, Yasmina Elshafei, Jaya Kandasamy, Matthew R. Sanderson, Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran, Saket Pande, and Murugesu Sivapalan. "Norms and values in sociohydrological models." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 2 (February 23, 2018): 1337–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1337-2018.
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Abstract. Sustainable water resources management relies on understanding how societies and water systems coevolve. Many place-based sociohydrology (SH) modeling studies use proxies, such as environmental degradation, to capture key elements of the social component of system dynamics. Parameters of assumed relationships between environmental degradation and the human response to it are usually obtained through calibration. Since these relationships are not yet underpinned by social-science theories, confidence in the predictive power of such place-based sociohydrologic models remains low. The generalizability of SH models therefore requires major advances in incorporating more realistic relationships, underpinned by appropriate hydrological and social-science data and theories. The latter is a critical input, since human culture – especially values and norms arising from it – influences behavior and the consequences of behaviors. This paper reviews a key social-science theory that links cultural factors to environmental decision-making, assesses how to better incorporate social-science insights to enhance SH models, and raises important questions to be addressed in moving forward. This is done in the context of recent progress in sociohydrological studies and the gaps that remain to be filled. The paper concludes with a discussion of challenges and opportunities in terms of generalization of SH models and the use of available data to allow future prediction and model transfer to ungauged basins.
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Olsen, Jesse E. "Societal values and individual values in reward allocation preferences." Cross Cultural Management 22, no. 2 (May 5, 2015): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccm-09-2013-0130.
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Purpose – Prior research suggests that cultural values affect individuals’ preferences in whether work rewards (i.e. pay and benefits) are allocated according to rules based on equity, equality, or need. However, this research has focussed primarily on societal-level values or individual-level operationalizations of values originally conceptualized at the societal level. Drawing on equity and social exchange theories, the purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical model and nine propositions that incorporate both individual and societal values as determinants of these reward allocation rule preferences. Design/methodology/approach – The author briefly reviews of the relevant literature on values and reward allocation preferences and present arguments supported by prior research, leading to a model and nine propositions. Findings – The author proposes that societal values and individual values have main and interactive effects on reward allocation preferences and that the effects of societal values are partially mediated by individual values. Research limitations/implications – The model and propositions present relationships that could be tested in future multi-level studies. Future conceptual/theoretical work may also build on the model presented in this paper. Practical implications – The proposed relationships, if supported, would have important implications for organizational reward systems and staffing. Originality/value – Prior research on reward allocation preferences focusses mostly on the effects of societal or individual values. This theoretical paper attempts to clarify and distinguish values at these two levels and to better understand their main and interactive effects on individual reward allocation rule preferences.
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Taplin, Ruth. "Islamic Values and the New Technology: are they Compatible?" Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 2, no. 3 (January 1988): 179–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x8800200303.
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In this paper theories concerning the compatability of Islamic religious cultural ideology with Western capitalist technology are reviewed and criticised. Some theorists argue that Islam is antithetical to the requirements of a modern industrialised society, while others view Islam as compatible with the demands of Western technical change and point to its flexibility in shaping the various states where it is the national religion. We suggest that arguments should be focussed on internal weakness in terms of contradictions between the unity facilitated by the Islamic religion’s cultural-ideology at the level of the cultural ideology and the disunity caused by separate family units that fight among themselves for scarce resource, these contradictions between unity and disunity, touched upon by the Orientalists have not prevented the adoption of Western capitalist technology, but have allowed Western manipulation of Arab Islamic economies. Disunity on the level of the family, which has caused disunity among different classes of Islamic Arab society has allowed two conflicting internal dynamics to exist. One dynamic at the level of the family is weak, which allows Western technology and economic structures to be absorbed while Islamic religious cultural-ideology is so strong that a reaction is formed against Western cultural-ideology, which strengthens Islamic cultural-ideology and therefore the structure of the family. Palestinian Arabs are used as an example of this phenomenon because of their dramatic contact with Western technology.
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Kulavkova, Katica. "Macedonians of Islamic Religion in the Context of Identity Theories." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 17 (June 30, 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n17p105.
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In line with the theories of variability, fluctuation and instability of ethno-cultural identities, this paper deals with some sensitive issues surrounding the creation of new (sub-ethnic and sub-cultural) microidentities within one nation, in this case within the Macedonian nation. The research focuses on the initiative for declaring one part of the Macedonian nation, the Macedonians of Islamic religion, to be a separate ethnic group in 2011. It analyses the regional and historical background from which this initiative originated, mostly as an echo of the multicultural strategies and policies in the European and international context. It shows how the unstable politics destabilized the already fragile and fluctuating identity of this group toward an identity of resistance or even heresy, inspite of having preserved their primary Slavic linguistic and cultural identity. The paper argues that the Macedonians of Islamic religion are a part of the Macedonian social, cultural and religious reality and should therefore be recognized as a specific cultural-religious community within the Macedonian national entity. This issue is seen as very important in the present context, since the Macedonian identity is preasured and relativized itself. The paper underlines that the Macedonian national identity is inclusive, layered, more general and complex than its religious factor. Therefore this researcher proposes inclusive state policies for all Macedonians regardless of religious affiliation, inclusive civilizational strategies with inter-connective spiritual values (inter-religious palimpsests and symbiosis) and inclusive state secular strategies as protection against religious radicalisms, atavisms and conflicts.
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Astrea, Kiki, and Anisa Ulfah. "ANALISIS EKOLOGI BERWAWASAN GENDER (ECOFEMINISM) DALAM KARYA SASTRA PARA SASTRAWAN LAMONGAN." HUMANIS: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora 11, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.52166/humanis.v11i2.2297.
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The purpose of this study is the discovery of (1) the influence of political ecological values (2) the influence of cultural ecological values (3) the influence of social ecological values, and (4) the influence of the ecological values of imperialism heritage. The data in this study are data about (1) the influence of political ecological values (2) The influence of cultural ecological values (3) The influence of social ecological values, and (4) the influence of the ecological values of imperialism heritage. Data sources are obtained from documentation and interviews. The data collection techniques are carried out with documentation and interviews. Data analysis techniques use interactive techniques. Data validation uses triangulation, both triangulation of theories, data, and methods. The research findings can be described include: (1) the influence of political ecological values (2) The influence of cultural ecological values (3) The influence of social ecological values, and (4) the influence of the ecological values of imperialism inheritance in the literary text writer in Lamongan
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Babatunde, Kamaldin Abdulsalam, and Siti Ezaleila Mustafa. "Culture and Communication: Effects of Cultural Values and Source Credibility in a Multicultural Society, Nigeria." Jurnal Pengajian Media Malaysia 20, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jpmm.vol20no2.4.
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Coming from a psychological view of self concepts related theories: schemata and self construal, we investigated the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement in a multicultural society-African context. The study was to examine whether the celebrity endorsement strategy is effective in Africa culture as claimed in some studies. We used focus group discussions comprising people of different ethnic backgrounds in Nigeria. Findings indicate that celebrity endorsement is not effective in Nigeria cultural context and that African audience perceptions of source credibility are markedly different from the Western societies’. However, the study reveals that for celebrity endorsement effectiveness, cultural values play an important role. Recommendations for advertising managers and marketers are discussed as well as suggestions for future research.
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Maslikova, I. I. "METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS STUDIES." UKRAINIAN CULTURAL STUDIES, no. 1 (6) (2020): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/ucs.2020.1(6).02.
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The article deals with the "atomistic", "holistic", "teleological" theories of social institutions, which form the methodological basis for the Cultural Institutions Studies. The "atomistic" theories of institutions (D. North, D. Hodgson, E. Ostrom) relate to the conclusions of the institutional economics put emphasize on the importance of certain normative models and frameworks of social behavior, which are the institutions. Representatives of the "holistic" theories of institutions (G. Spencer, E. Durkheim, T. Parsons) highlight the connection between institutions ("structures") and their contribution to a society ("function"), and distinct institution are described as interdependent and necessary for functioning of the society in general. Representatives of the "teleological" approach in explaining the essence of social institutions (P. Gielen, S. Miller, Ch. Taylor, etc.) focus on the realization of a common goal, which is a set of interrelated individual goals, which are perceived by distinct individuals as their personal goal, but which makes sense only in the interaction of all participants of joint actions. Such actions most find their expression in the cultural sphere: team games, dances, theatrical performances, musical events, academic activities, etc. Recourse to these concepts allows us to outline the problematic field of cultural institutions studies as a research area, which is based on the latest investigation in cultural studies, sociology, and cultural economics. The main tasks of cultural institutions studies are related to the creation of descriptions of institutional practices, the elucidation of the patterns of functioning of cultural institutions, the prediction of future changes in institutional cultural practices in the context of cultural economy and cultural policy. In consideration of the basic approaches to the definition of a social institute, the essential characteristics of a cultural institute are revealed, which are manifested in three aspects: normative and regulatory aspect (complex of values, norms, rules), behavioral and procedural aspect (behavioral models, institutional roles, forms of joint interaction), organizational aspect (cultural institutions that produce, preserve and promote cultural good).
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Williams, J. Patrick. "The Straightedge Subculture on the Internet: A Case Study of Style-Display Online." Media International Australia 107, no. 1 (May 2003): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0310700108.
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This article discusses one way in which cultural studies theories can be applied to current research of subcultures on the internet. Starting from Clarke's and Hebdige's theories of subcultural style and Frith's theory of music and identity, a case study of an online subcultural website is used to highlight the ways in which resistance is displayed by members of the ‘straightedge’ music subculture. In particular, usernames and signature files are analysed to demonstrate how style is constructed to communicate subcultural values and beliefs. At the same time, a critique of semiotic analyses of subcultural style is raised. It is argued that ethnographic methods are better suited to interpreting social psychological and cultural meanings attributed to subcultural activities in cyberspace.
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Dreyer, Y. "Vroue en die sosio-kulturele narratief." Verbum et Ecclesia 20, no. 1 (August 6, 1999): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v20i1.1165.
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Women and the sosio-cultural narrative The socio-cultural narrative mirrors the dominant system of values in society. This system contains the values of and protects the interests of the dominant group. It is expression of the prevailing ideology of a culture. In Western society patriarchy is still the dominant ideology. Feminist hermeneutics aims to illuminate the disparity between the sexes in the socio-cultural narrative as one of more urgent problems in society. This article discusses different aspects of the “coherent philosophy” behind this socio-cultural narrative. Dominant theories in theology, which result from this ideology, are exposed. The article focuses on the role of pastoral interaction with women and points out the consequences for pastoral care.
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Ramos, Félix, Omar González, and Jean-Paul A. Barthès. "A Model of Culture for Cognitive Agents." International Journal of Art, Culture and Design Technologies 2, no. 2 (July 2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijacdt.2012070101.
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Misunderstandings derived from cultural differences represent a main barrier for effective communication and collaboration. As part of a platform aimed at supporting intercultural interactions, the authors present a synthetic model for quantifying culture. Their approach is based on theories which abstract culture as a set of quantifiable aspects called cultural dimensions. Given that in general, the values of cultural dimensions are subjective and highly dependent on the observer judgment, they are modeled as linguistic variables. Linguistic variables allow profiling users using pseudo natural language which is appropriate for an abstract concept like culture. Regarding computations, fuzzy logic and approximate reasoning can be used for comparing culture of individuals, making inferences from their values, and modeling stereotypical cultural profiles.
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Khilkhanova, Erzhen V., and Dorzhi L. Khilkhanov. "Ethnocultural Identity of Migrants from the Eastern Regions of the former USSR in the Light of “Clash of Cultures” Theory." Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices 17, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-897x-2020-17-1-31-38.
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The article presents some results of the project, the purpose of which was to study the processes of definition and (re)construction of ethnic identity and its relationship with the language and culture of Asian migrants from the former USSR. The results are analyzed in terms of differences in cultures and values as the most important part of culture. This once again tests the universality of the theories of “clash of civilizations” and “clash of cultures” by S. Huntington and R. Lewis. The author comes to the conclusion that, first, cultural identity, unlike ethnic identity, is subject to transformation and at the same time it is stable. Secondly, the difference of cultures (“Eastern” and “Western”) exists and is perceived at the level of cultural values and norms, but it is not of a conflict, antagonistic nature. The conclusion explains the reasons for this in the light of the above-mentioned theories.
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Moonen, Piet J. J. "Cultural values and leadership styles as determinants of innovative strengths of nations. Part 1: culture and leadership theories." European J. of Cross-Cultural Competence and Management 5, no. 1 (2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ejccm.2019.097825.
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Coury, David N. "A Clash of Civilizations?: Pegida and the Rise of Cultural Nationalism." German Politics and Society 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2016.340404.
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Since its founding in 2014, Pegida has positioned itself as a populist movement striving to limit immigration and to preserve Germany’s cultural heritage. It has also aligned itself with other right-wing European political groups whose exclusionary views are rooted in theories of a civilizational clash between the West and the Islamic world. Pegida’s pushback against immigration also includes appeals to resist globalization and the growth of multiculturalism by embracing what Verena Stolcke has termed “cultural fundamentalism.” This ideology assumes cultural hierarchies and segregates religious and ethnic groups spatially and geographical as a means to maintain cultural uniformity. In doing so, Pegida posits that it is not racist or xenophobic, rather that it seeks solidarity in maintaining Western cultural values. The danger in Pegida’s ideology is that it rejects not only constitutional principles and notions of cultural pluralism, but that it furthers a cultural divide that need not exist and, in fact, embraces an exclusionary nationalism that is not unlike the values that they purport to reject.
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Sheridan, Louise, and Matthew Mungai. "Teacher-Student Reflections: A Critical Conversation about Values and Cultural Awareness in Community Development Work, and Implications for Teaching and Practice." Education Sciences 11, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11090526.
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This reflective, autoethnographic piece provides some insights into our involvement with a program that promotes a value-driven approach to community development work. As a ‘conversation’ between a lecturer and a graduate, or Educator of Informal Educators and Informal Educator, we discuss the process of teaching and learning about values within day-to-day community development practice. We emphasise that a value-driven approach enables informal educators to celebrate cultural diversity, which can be complex in community settings. As the educator of informal educators (Louise), I reflect on the need to explore and demonstrate what value-driven practice looks like in day-to-day practice within community work and not simply state that values are important. This was prompted by self-reflection and the realisation that my teaching failed to illuminate how to bring values to life in all aspects of community work to achieve anti-discriminatory, inclusive and empowering practice. As an informal educator (Matthew), I consider how community development theories and values translate into meaningful practice that celebrates cultural diversity. Reflections are influenced by theories from Paulo Freire, with a focus on his notion that ‘educators should respect the autonomy of the students and respect cultural identities’. An example of Freirean dialogue, the article discusses our critical consciousness through praxis as educator and informal educator. Acknowledging that we are never fully complete—we are always ‘becoming’—we hope the article will be of interest to both Educators of Informal Educators and Informal Educators alike.
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Streit, Cara, Gustavo Carlo, and Sarah E. Killoren. "Family support, respect, and empathy as correlates of U.S. Latino/Latina college students’ prosocial behaviors toward different recipients." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 37, no. 5 (February 7, 2020): 1513–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407520903805.
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Cultural developmental and relational theories suggest that multiple social agents influence young adults’ prosocial behavior (i.e., actions intended to benefit others; e.g., helping or comforting others in need). Despite these theoretical foundations, research that examines cultural and multiple relational correlates of prosocial behaviors in U.S. Latino/Latina college students is scarce. Moreover, young adults are socialized to express prosocial behaviors to recipients that have distinct interpersonal relationships. The present study investigated the relations between mothers’, fathers’, and siblings’ support and U.S. Latino/Latina young adults’ prosocial behaviors toward different recipients (family, friends, and strangers) and considered the mediating roles of family respect values, perspective taking, and empathic concern. The sample was 253 U.S. Latino/Latina college students (58.2% female; M age = 21.07, SD =1.98) with at least one sibling. Structural equation modeling showed evidence for cultural values and moral traits as intervening mechanisms in the relations between family support and prosocial behaviors. All forms of family support predicted family respect values, which were associated with prosocial behaviors toward family and friends more so than toward strangers. Family respect values also predicted perspective taking and empathic concern and there was evidence for the mediating role of empathic concern in the relations between perspective taking and prosocial behaviors (across recipient). The current study demonstrates the interplay of multiple family socialization agents in predicting U.S. Latino/Latina college students’ prosocial behaviors toward different recipients, which has implications for theories of prosocial development.
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Kemp, Linzi J., and Fang Zhao. "Influences of cultural orientations on Emirati women’s careers." Personnel Review 45, no. 5 (August 1, 2016): 988–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-08-2014-0187.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how cultural orientations influence Emirati women’s career development. Drawing on the cultural theories of Hofstede (1980, 2001) and House et al. (2004), the authors investigated the cultural orientations of a sample of 19 women in the United Arab Emirates. Design/methodology/approach – In-depth interviews were conducted to collect life history data about women’s early lives, education and employment. Findings – The findings identify three themes that influenced the participant’s careers: family influence on careers, individual-level attitudes toward education for careers, and workplace career development. Research limitations/implications – Limited by the small sample of 19 female national participants that implies further international study is required to extend this research. Practical implications – The business application is that social values, beliefs and norms can be leveraged for women’s career success. Social implications – Policymakers are guided on key factors that influence Emirati women’s careers from a cultural perspective. Originality/value – The study makes a unique theoretical contribution in a model that shows: cultural dimensions are interrelated, cultural values and practices are interdependent, and cultural orientations vary between women and men.
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Touwe, Sem. "Local Wisdom Values of Maritime Community in Preserving Marine Resources in Indonesia." Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration 4, no. 2 (December 23, 2020): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmsni.v4i2.4812.
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This study identifies and describes the local wisdom carried out by the coastal communities, especially the people of North Seram, Maluku in preserving the island and marine environment as well as the customary institutions in determining and guarding local wisdom of coastal communities to manage marine resources. The marine resource is started to weaken along with the development of modern technology. This paper provides contemporary phenomena regarding the weakness of customary laws and traditional institutions that regulate marine resources, including social values in the form of rituals, representing the relationship between humans and their environment. The protection of marine resources around them will be an important discussion to see the role of government and society in preserving marine and coastal resources. This study used a qualitative approach to produce descriptive explanations from reports, book reviews, and documents that describe theories and information of both past and present. The result is that the local wisdom maintained as superior cultural practices that are beneficial to human survival, especially in maintaining the sustainability and balance between humans and living objects.
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Fitriyah, Fitriyah, Emzir Emzir, and Sakura Ridwan. "CULTURAL VALUES OF POLITENESS IN EFL CLASSROOM: A STUDY OF ETNOGRAPHY OF COMMUNICATION." Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching 3, no. 2 (December 19, 2019): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/ll.v3i2.1965.
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One of the purposes of learning English as a foreign language (EFL) is to be able to communicate. The Students must have communicative competence that does not only consist of linguistic competencies, but also socio-cultural ones. This paper aims to analyse the cultural themes of politeness strategies in EFL Classroom. The research in this paper focused on directive and expressive speech acts in EFL classroom. The participants of this study are three lecturers and the students of three English classes. The data are gathered by video audio by recording the lecturers’ utterances and students’ compliances to the lecturer, in order to find the politeness strategies and the cultural values in EFL classroom. The results show that; 1) There are seven kinds of cultural values of politeness strategies in EFL classroom, such as glorifying God, agreement, apologising, questioning, delivering praise, delivering thank you, and praying for others, 2) The lecturers and students dominantly use agreement and questioning in EFL Classroom. Thereby, this issue is relevant to EFL classes focusing on the improvement of both lecturers and students’ language and cultural skill. The analytical tool refers to the theories of Brown and Levinson’s positive and negative politeness, and the ethnography of communication method. The findings of this study will probably give insights into the pragmatic and conversational rules of EFL. The last part of this paper aims at summarizing that the implications that this paper are relevant to the strategies of teaching English as a Foreign Language.
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Dembitskyi, Serhii, and Bohdana Khlyapatura. "Explanation of democratization process in theories of institutionalism of rational choice and cultural modernization: a comparative analysis." Ukrainian society 2013, no. 3 (2013): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/socium2013.03.019.
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The article is devoted to empirical verification of theories of institutional-ism of rational choice and cultural modernization in part of explanation of process of democratization by them. At the same time statistical analysis is carried out at the country level, rather than respondents. As an empirical base are used statistical data of UNDP, expert opinions of Freedom House and the results of Global Values survey.
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Korovin, Sergey Semenovich, and Lilia Nailievna Maloroshvilo. "Values of physical culture: structure, characteristics." Samara Journal of Science 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201763306.
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Target development and justification of established theories, technologies, and structures of educational systems is the formation of cultural characteristics of the individual at all stages of continuous education, which reflects the mentality of society and the state (as a result) - development of the value-oriented overbiological programs of human activities, knowledge, abilities and skills of their practical and creative use. It is very important to develop components (their characteristics) of the individual basic culture, which include moral, aesthetic, labor, civil, intellectual (cognitive) and physical cultures. Nowadays, the structure of physical culture values can be represented by a group of material (the human body, sports equipment, sports facilities, mass media, scientific equipment, environmental - natural factors), spiritual (physical, intellectual, pedagogical, mobilization, intention) and artistic (a set of artistic images and works that reflects the values of the material and spiritual spheres of the society) values. The optimum ratio of the used physical culture values is believed to ensure the quality of the content of sports activity and as a consequence - the development of culture among students.
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Siregar, Roswani. "EMPHASIZING THE CULTURAL AWARENESS IN TRANSLATION TEACHING." AICLL: ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE 1, no. 1 (April 17, 2018): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/aicll.v1i1.20.
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Language is a means of communication closely related to social and cultural values. Translation as an intelligent process is a human activity that bridging the cultures. However it is not always easy when translator encounter the culture-items. This paper provided short overviewabout the emphasizing of culture awareness in translation teaching. The participants are the students of Law and Economic Faculty of Universitas Al-Azhar, Medan, Indonesia. Throughout the classroom activities: theories, discussion, practicing and response to questionnaire, the students encouraging to aware the cultural influences in translation. To do so, they need more practice with culture specific items that related to their subjects. Students were motivated in learning translation when they involve in discussion and using internet as the comparable source. By emphasizing the importance of cultural awareness, the students impulse to learn more about other culture as well as improving their target language competence to avoid mistranslation.
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Doan Khoi, Le Nguyen. "Factors Determining Business Growth of Women Entrepreneurship." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 8 (August 9, 2021): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20210815.
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This paper provided a review of literature on theories and determinants of business growth of women entrepreneurship. Whereas the core objective of paper focused on entrepreneurship and theories of small business growth belong to women’ owner. The discussions on the factors determining small business growth by looking at the various factors that contribute to women entrepreneurship. These factors related to individual and demographic characteristics of the business owner, business characteristics and the general business environment that include socio-cultural values and government policies and regulations. Keywords: women entrepreneurship, business growth, factors.
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Smith, Peter B. "Cultural Values Versus Cultural Norms as Predictors of Differences in Helping Behaviors and in Emotion Regulation: A Preliminary Nation-Level Test Related to the Leung-Morris Model." Management and Organization Review 13, no. 4 (December 2017): 739–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mor.2017.51.
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ABSTRACTLeung and Morris (2015) propose conditions under which values, norms, and schemata drive cultural differences in behavior. They build on past theories about dimensions of situational strength to propose that personal values drive behavior more in weak situations and perceived norms drive behavior more in strong situations. Drawing on this analysis as well as two recent models of cultural tightness-looseness, country-level effects are predicted on the assumption that tighter cultures more frequently create strong situations and looser cultures more frequently create weak situations. Using secondary data, I examine values as well as perceived descriptive norms and injunctive norms relevant to collectivism in relation to two key dependent measures: helping strangers and emotion regulation. The relation of embeddedness values to helping strangers is moderated negatively by tightness (in that high embeddedness reduces helping less in the context of tightness), and its relation to emotion regulation is moderated positively (in that embeddedness increases emotion regulation more in the context of tightness). Furthermore, descriptive norms show main effects for both dependent variables that are predominantly unmoderated by tightness. Finally, the link of injunctive norms with emotion regulation is moderated positively by tightness (in that injunctiveness heightens emotion regulation more in the context of tightness). Results support the relevance of nation-level tightness to reliance on values and norms, but the strength of effects depends on how it is operationalized.
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Moonen, Piet. "Cultural values and leadership styles as determinants of the innovative strength of nations. Part 1: Culture and leadership theories." European J. of Cross-Cultural Competence and Management 5, no. 2 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ejccm.2019.10016034.
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Yang, Jun, Chun-Sheng Yu, and Jun Wu. "Work values across generations in China." Chinese Management Studies 12, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 486–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-12-2017-0357.
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Purpose This study aims to examine how the perceived importance of work values differs among the three generations (Cultural Revolution, Social Reform and Millennial) in the Chinese workforce. Design/methodology/approach Grounded in work values and generation theories, hypotheses were tested by empirical data collected from 464 Chinese employees from companies located in the Yangtze River Delta of China. A one-way multivariate analysis of covariance and a series of one-way analysis of covariance and t-tests were conducted to compare the three generations with respect to work values. Findings The results revealed significant generational differences existing in China with respect to extrinsic–intrinsic work values measured by the work-need typology (Huseman and Hatfield, 1990). After controlling for demographic variables, Millennial employees were found to show the highest preference for both extrinsic and intrinsic work values, followed by the Social Reform generation, whereas the Cultural Revolution generation scored lowest. Additionally, important similarities across the three generations were also found. Research limitations/implications These findings highlight the complex nature of generational phenomena and suggest the need to further develop a deep appreciation and understanding of the underlying reasons for those generational differences and similarities. Originality/value Drawing from generation and work values theory, the authors developed a theoretical framework that allows us to directly compare the three generations in the Chinese workforce with respect to the magnitude of importance each generation attaches to various work priorities. The present study represents an important initial step in throwing more light on the mechanisms underlying the observed generational differences and similarities in work values.
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Liu, Donghong. "Comparative rhetoric and emic approaches to Chinese persuasive strategies in hotel discourse." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 29, no. 2 (August 6, 2019): 168–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.00029.liu.
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Abstract Many studies concerning culture and rhetoric have been restricted to the binary distinction of cultures or to etic perspectives by using western theories as framework to point out the weakness of Chinese rhetoric. Taking comparative rhetoric and emic approaches, this paper focuses on logical appeal and ethical appeal to discuss the cultural values reflected in the hotel discourses. In this study content analysis was used to encode the English and Chinese hotel introductions; quantitative method was used for data comparison and an interview for investigating the persuasiveness of the Chinese rhetorical strategies. The relation between cultural values and persuasive strategies was explored. It is concluded that cultural specificity at deep level is still an indispensable factor determining rhetorical strategies despite the globalization.
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Olasina, Gbolahan. "Cultural expression using digital media by students." Journal of African Media Studies 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 351–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jams_00029_1.
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Digital media have developed to facilitate new forms of engagement with heritage and allow traditional life to showcase its past history, thus potentially broadening interest to a broader landscape of audience. The research responds to calls for a better understanding of cultural expression using digital media by exploring the affordances and utilization of digital forms on users. Also, it is essential to examine the magnitude of the associations. Accordingly, the research analyses the interaction between cultural expressions and digital media use. The aims of the investigation are informed by behavioural theories to add depth and texture. The methodological framework is framed by a survey questionnaire method. The sample size is drawn from undergraduate students at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria, using the simple random scheme. The study informs practice, enhances our understanding of digital media while improving user experiences and sheds new insights on self-preservation, values and co-producing heritage assets.
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Baraldi, Claudio. "Intercultural Communication Systems and Discourses of Cultural Identity." Applied Linguistics Review 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2015-0003.
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AbstractThe analysis of intercultural communication, which is adopted in mainstream applied linguistics and communication studies, aims to explain the meaning of cultural differences and identities in the present global world. The present analysis of intercultural communication is based on theories of cultural variability, which highlight the basic distinctions between values determining cultural differences and identities. Some studies in applied linguistics observe cultural variability as a discursive construction based on a form of epistemological essentialism, produced in the Western part of the world to give meaning to its hegemony. However, these studies share some epistemological foundations with theories of cultural variability. This paper proposes a theorization of intercultural communication, which explains cultural differences and identities as constructed in communication systems and based on their particular structural presuppositions. In this perspective, the hegemonic structure of intercultural communication is ethnocentrism, including the presuppositions of Us/Them basic distinction, positioning of individuals as members of cultural groups and normative expectations about displays of We-identities. This theorisation also provides an explanation of the discursive construction of new hybrid forms of identity, which are observed as a result of globalisation, and of the interdependence between local and global communication systems. Finally, this theorization leads to explain the meaning of intercultural dialogue, which is presented as an alternative to ethnocentrism. The open question regards the explanation of dialogue as either a new discursive construction of hegemonic Western culture or a new structure, introducing equality in participation, sensitivity for participants’ personal expressions and expectations of participants’ empowerment in local and global communication systems.
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Hiasat, Lana. "Helping Students Develop Intercultural Intelligence In Tertiary Education." West East Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 1 (August 12, 2019): 25–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36739/wejss.2019.v8.i1.9.
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Many students never develop good intercultural competencies during their years at college or university. These students are often unaware of how important cultural attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors are in their daily and academic lives. Students are also unaware of their own cultural boundaries that may be impacting their communication and engagement with others. Assignments that teach intercultural competencies can help students in a variety of ways: to gain confidence in their own cultural identity and acquire a set of skills to communicate and lead in a global world. In this paper, the researcher discusses some effective activities that can be used to teach students intercultural competencies and increase students' intercultural intelligence. Activities are based on experiential and blended learning approaches and integrate technology tools to engage learners. These activities are based on Knowledge Workx intercultural intelligence training that introduces three key theories of culture: Hofstede's cultural dimensions, World View theory, and Knowledge Workx of 12 Dimensions. These theories follow the layers of culture found in an iceberg metaphor that includes the top of the iceberg and observable culture, next is attitudes, the third layer is norms and values, and finally the most hidden layer is one's beliefs. Based on these theories, three blended and experiential projects were developed to include cultural object presentations, a research project on current intercultural conflict, and a cross cultural communication research and application of cultural maps. Three psychometric tests were also used to increase intercultural awareness: culture learner/critic, worldview, and 12 Dimensions tests.