Academic literature on the topic 'Cultural transitions'

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Journal articles on the topic "Cultural transitions"

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Inchingolo, G. M. "Cultural transitions and epidemiology." Medical Hypotheses 43, no. 4 (October 1994): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9877(94)90066-3.

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Sussman, Nan M. "The Dynamic Nature of Cultural Identity Throughout Cultural Transitions: Why Home Is Not So Sweet." Personality and Social Psychology Review 4, no. 4 (November 2000): 355–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0404_5.

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This article describes the social psychological process that underlies the cultural transition of sojourners. Herein the empirical and theoretical literature on cultural transitions (and in particular cultural repatriation and the relevant literature on self-concept and identity) is analyzed, critiqued, and synthesized in an attempt to understand the near ubiquitous distress experienced during repatriation. The relation among self-concept, cultural identity, and cultural transitions is explored, and in light of the paucity of comprehensive repatriation models, a new predictive model is proposed that explicates these relations. Shifts in cultural identity are classified as subtractive, additive, affirmative, or intercultural, and research directions are suggested.
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Shenk, Mary K., Ryan O. Begley, David A. Nolin, and Andrew Swiatek. "When does matriliny fail? The frequencies and causes of transitions to and from matriliny estimated from a de novo coding of a cross-cultural sample." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1780 (July 15, 2019): 20190006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0006.

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The question of when and why societies have transitioned away from matriliny to other types of kinship systems—and when and why they transition towards matriliny—has a long history in anthropology, one that is heavily engaged with both evolutionary theory and cross-cultural research methods. This article presents tabulations from a new coding of ethnographic documents from the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample (SCCS), tallying claims of transitions in kinship systems both away from and to matriliny using various levels of stringency. We then use our counts as the outcome variables in a set of Bayesian analyses that simultaneously estimate the probability of a transition occurring given societal covariates alongside the conditional probability of detecting a transition given the volume of ethnographic data available to code. Our goal is to estimate the cross-cultural and comparative frequency of transitions away from and to matriliny, as well as to explore potential causes underlying these patterns. We find that transitions away from matriliny have been significantly more common than ‘reverse transitions' to matriliny. Our evidence suggests that both rates may be, in part, an artefact of the colonial and globalizing period during which the data comprising much of the current ethnographic record were recorded. Analyses of the correlates of transitions away from matriliny are consistent with several of the key causal arguments made by anthropologists over the past century, especially with respect to subsistence transition (to pastoralism, intensive agriculture and market economies), social complexity and colonialism, highlighting the importance of ecological factors in such transitions. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals’.
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Birman, Dina, and Edison J. Trickett. "Cultural Transitions in First-Generation Immigrants." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 32, no. 4 (July 2001): 456–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022101032004006.

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S, Ramya. "Salem Semmanur Nagara Chettiayar’s Cultural Rituals – Ethnographical Research." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, SPL 1 (February 2, 2022): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s112.

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In ethnic social life each race has its differences due to the environment in which they live. Some common customs are found in all communities. Transition in cultural life is natural. It is human nature to set each of the transitions in relation to a ritual. Salem Chemmanur Chettiars perform biological rituals during each transition. Human life is characterized by various transitions from birth to death. Rituals and beliefs are found in every community. Putting the sugar water on the baby at birth is seen as a ritual. These rituals are performed according to the developmental stage of the child as he or she grows to a certain size, such as a hemisphere rope around the waist. Such rituals are common among the girl child and some other rituals are performed as she grows up. Women perform the flowering ritual during flowering. Booppu ritual is seen as a defilement ritual. Poop is the first menstrual period. The flower is a sign that the woman has become fertile. This event is considered as an important transformation of life. Like this, wedding ceremonies are considered to be the primary transition ceremony. Death rites are the final event of human life. Various such rituals are observed in the lives of the Chettiars of Salem Semmanur.
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Bobongie, Fiona, and Cathy Jackson. "Understanding cultural artefacts to ensure seamless transitions in the Early Years." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 47, no. 1 (December 2, 2021): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/18369391211055864.

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For Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Jarjums (children), the cultural and world views they bring from their home life can be very different to those in school, creating an additional layer of adjustments in the Early Years pathway. We describe an Early Years Transitions Framework that demonstrates how changing transition from a process to move Jarjums as quickly as possible into a Western system to one that acknowledges the beliefs and cultural artefacts Jarjums bring to the Early Years space builds smoother transitions. The Framework is underlain by a mesh of High-Expectations Relationships, which moves the educator from the position of ‘knowledge holder’ to one of deep listening to understand the cultural needs and aspirations of families. By bringing these different world views together and building relationships across the Early Years sectors, educators can create a third cultural space where transition becomes a process of interwoven spaces and incremental learning.
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Crafter, Sarah, and Rachel Maunder. "Understanding transitions using a sociocultural framework." Educational and Child Psychology 29, no. 1 (2012): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2012.29.1.10.

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Transitions have traditionally been characterised as forms of change. These may either be inner changes (new beliefs or developmental growth) or the physical move from one place to another (see Erikson, 1975), such as the move from primary to secondary school. This theoretical paper will argue that transition can be best understood using a sociocultural framework, which links human thought and action to social and cultural situatedness (Zittoun, 2006). Using ideas underpinned by Vygotsky (1978) we will present three frameworks for addressing sociocultural transitions: (i) the notion of consequential transitions (Beach, 1999); (ii) symbolic transitions and identity rupture (Zittoun, 2006); and (iii) Communities of Practice transitions (Wenger, 1998). We will borrow examples from research on educational transitions from primary and secondary school contexts through to Higher Education in order to demonstrate that transitions are about a change in self-identity born out of uncertainty in the social and cultural worlds of the individual. Implications for educational practitioners involved in supporting young people undergoing transitions will be discussed.
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Turner, Graeme. "Transitions." Media International Australia 88, no. 1 (August 1998): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9808800101.

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Nhemachena, Artwell, Tapiwa V. Warikandwa, and Nkosinothando Mpofu. "Worse Than “Bushmen” and Transhumance? Transitology and the Resilient Cannibalization of African Heritages." Journal of Black Studies 51, no. 6 (May 4, 2020): 503–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934720917572.

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Although Eurocentric scholars theorize the world in terms of Western evolutionary progress rather than de-evolutionary retrogression, this paper takes a different perspective. Forced to transition away from their tangible and intangible heritages, from their families and marriages, cultures, societies, polities, and economies in ways that legitimized imperial claims to res nullius (unowned resources) and terra nullius (empty land), some indigenous people wittingly and unwittingly increasingly devolved their heritages to the colonialists that benefited from the African transitions. The point here is that unlike “Bushmen” and those that practiced transhumance, contemporary Africans are forced to transition, to change and to transform away from owning and controlling their tangible and intangible resources, including land, culture, laws, religions, polities, economies, livestock, families, marriages, and so on. Whereas “Bushmen” and transhumance migrated and transitioned while retaining ownership and control over their land, forests, livestock, and so on, contemporary Africans are forced to transition in ways that divorce them from their families, marriages, cultures, religions, polities, and from ownership of their material resources. Because Eurocentric forms of transition put African institutions and resources on the chopping boards, we argue that this kind of transition is cannibalistic. Made to believe that transition is easier to accomplish without the supposed burden of repossessing ownership and control over one’s resources, Africans are witnessed as disinherited and wandering around the world arguably in ways that even precolonial “Bushmen” and transhumance pastoralists would not envy. There is no justice in “transitional justice” that transitions indigenous people from their heritages.
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Gao, Yihong. "Directive Approach to Telephone Counseling in the People’s Republic of China." Counseling Psychologist 29, no. 3 (May 2001): 435–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000001293007.

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In the People’s Republic of China, telephone psychological counseling is a new phenomenon that appeared in the late 1980s, following a social transition toward a market economy. Such counseling by paraprofessionals often adopts a directive style in that the counselor gives direct advice pertaining to what the client should do on a particular issue. After a brief description of its features, this article examines factors of cultural traditions and transitions underlying the directive counseling and the interactive relationship between counseling and culture. Analysis is made regarding traditional and transitional values, social networks, and personality types. It is further argued that research and training in cross-cultural counseling should go beyond static cultural relativism and adopt an emic view of cultural change.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cultural transitions"

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Garcia-Lorenzo, Luica. "Cultural transitions : organisational change and its impact in culture." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/120/.

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This thesis explores, from a cultural perspective, the organisational change process resulting from a string of take-overs within Blazehard, a tyre manufacturing company in Spain. It looks at the effects of these changes in the way people reconstruct the organisation and their role as its employees through the stories they share. The first part of the thesis elaborates on the uses of culture as a conceptual tool for observing organisations and, especially, on the need to account for the complementary processes of continuity and change in social experience. The thesis proposes historical recollections, as cultural manifestations, as a vehicle that reproduces and challenges a cultural order through their reproduction and generation within that order. They articulate a space where the new and the uncertain can be made safe through their integration into the traditional and the known, thereby providing possibilities for permanence and security as well as for innovation. The research combines different methods of data gathering - interviews, documents and group discussions - and of analysis - narratives and discourses to facilitate the exploration of both the commonalties and the diverse interests and perspectives existing among Blazehard employees. The exploration of the stories shows how they compose a collectively reproduced narrative that guides -and therefore constrains- employees' historical recollections. This referential narrative is the vehicle through which people reproduce but also challenge their cultural order in the organisation. As such, storytelling is presented as the constant process of reformulation that opens possibilities for individual development within the cultural constraints that the organisation imposes on its members. The results suggest when people try to make sense of a change situation both turn to their own experiential resources and use the symbols that their cultural environment provides. It is in the tension between the two, that the conditions of fluidity and ambiguity required for a cultural transition can be created.
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Tan, Alexander Marcus Lee. "British Chinese youth transitions : cultural identity and youth formations in Newcastle upon Tyne." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2110.

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Research with British Chinese young people has tended to focus on experiences of racism, the influence of catering, and more recently educational attainment. Focusing on young Chinese people growing up in Newcastle upon Tyne, North East England, this thesis brings these areas of scholarship into conversation in order to explore the youth transitions, cultural identities and everyday experiences of British Chinese youth. A key argument of this thesis is that integrating understandings of youth transitions with the everyday experiences of Chinese youth provides a critical contribution to the field. It not only expands the transitions debate that has centred primarily on white working class youth, but specifically enables a more holistic portrait of British Chinese youth to emerge. This study draws upon qualitative interviews with twenty four British born Chinese young people. The project is aimed at those aged 16-25 years. Four key influences on transition are explored: family and home; language and identity; education and aspirations; and leisure lifestyles. Home relations reveal many participants are expected to assist their families in catering work and therefore face a range of responsibilities whilst growing up, from supporting family businesses to caring for younger siblings. An analysis of language demonstrates many participants are actually ambivalent and lack confidence when it comes to Chinese linguistic competency. Nevertheless participants played significant roles as mediators, assisting their parents through English. In the education arena high levels of attainment at school and university reflect strong personal motivations to succeed, a desire to meet parental demands and an awareness of the sacrifices their parents had made to provide them with such opportunities. In their leisure time, British Chinese young people tended to engage with a broadly defined ‘ sian’ culture through global media including television, the internet and music. However, these experiences are found to be shaped by gender, young people’s life-course positioning and broader educational commitments. Overall, by exploring the role of family, language, education and leisure, this thesis offers a rich series of insights into the cultural identities and youth formations of British Chinese young people in Newcastle upon Tyne.
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Pearce, Richard Raymond Vogt Paul Lin Zeng. "Transitions and transformations cultural and structural explanations of achievement among Chinese and White Americans /." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=1&did=1225125241&SrchMode=1&sid=8&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1177942667&clientId=43838.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2006.
Title from title page screen, viewed on April 30, 2007. Dissertation Committee: Paul Vogt, Zeng Lin (chair), Mohamed Nur-Awaleh, Louis G. Perez. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-112) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Hatherley-Greene, Peter. "Cultural border crossings in the UAE : improving transitions from high school to higher education." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1734.

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Over the course of one academic year, I documented the experiences of new first-year male Emirati students at a college of higher education in the United Arab Emirates. Using Giroux’s metaphor of a cultural border crossing, I described and attempted to explain the gamut of transition experiences as young male Emirati school-leavers move from their pre-dominantly Arabic life-world associated with their families and schooling to the pre-dominantly Western culture found in higher education. I additionally investigated factors associated with both students and faculty that hinder and/or enhance student learning, and I assessed best practices in the college administrative and academic areas which appeared to facilitate smoother cultural border crossing experiences for new students. I adopted a multi-paradigmatic research design that drew methods and quality standards from multiple paradigms to create a methodology that enabled an artful, critical and interpretive exploration of complexity supplemented by a descriptive analysis of general social patterns.The latter was achieved by survey research methods and the former using observation, case studies, interviews, journals, student narratives, and focus groups. A Border Crossing Index broadly correlated with the four placement levels of students in Foundations with the result that those students placed in the lower levels were much more likely to leave college and seek full-time employment within the first semester – 66% of the new students left college during the year. Suffering from the effects of neo-indigeneity and a disempowering ‘rentier effect’, I identified almost twice as many factors that appeared to hinder student learning as enhance it. Mainly Western teachers who developed a classroom culture based on ‘warm demandingness’ and rapport-building appeared to have the most positive impact upon the students. The development of students’ soft-skills in a new College Preparation and Readiness (CPR) program was assessed using a Mental Toughness Questionnaire which surprisingly produced lower post-test scores, indicating possibly greater self-awareness and honesty.I offered a series of suggestions from the macro societal level such as more engaged parenting, addressing a potentially devastating ‘rentier effect’, and improving the quality of education especially in the government high schools to smaller ‘tipping point’ changes at the micro college and classroom level. A key emerging question asks - whose interests are being served (or not) by compelling first-language students to cross cultural borders into higher education colleges and asking them to study using the dominant and hegemonic second-language of English?
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Sobulis, Helena Teresa. "Longing to Belong: A Phenomenological Inquiry into Enduring Effects of Cross-Cultural Life-World Transitions." Thesis, Curtin University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/70547.

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This research explores the life-changing effects of diaspora that can result in a cross-cultural childhood. It merges a phenomenological, hermeneutic, ethno-biographical and auto-ethnographical approach to explore the affective aspect of the cross-cultural childhood phenomenon within an existential framework using narrative inquiry to examine the lived experiences of three individuals who migrated to Australia. Empathetic resonance is developed through music interwoven in the text. Longing emerges as a central theme that offers great potential for personal growth.
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Schrock, Richelle D. "Cultural Divides, Cultural Transitions: The Role of Gendered and Racialized Narratives of Alienation in the Lives of Somali Muslim Refugees in Columbus, Ohio." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1211562793.

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Lightner, Noll Judy. "Cultural Adjustment and Career Navigation of International Faculty Women in STEM: U.S. Transitions and Confucianist Influences." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1623847556409118.

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Ota, Akiko. "Factors Influencing Social, Cultural, and Academic Transitions of Chinese International ESL Students in U.S. Higher Education." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1051.

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The U.S. is the leading nation for international students to pursue higher education; the majority of whom are from countries with significant differences in culture and language from American students. As such, many international students start higher education in ESL support programs. While on the surface international students supposedly add cultural and linguistic diversity to American higher education by contributing to the internationalization of campuses, international students' transition into U.S. life and academe is often fraught with challenges including culture shock, adjusting to the new environment and society, adjustment to norms of academic performance, acquisition of academic and language skills, and negotiating chilly campus climates. Such factors can affect academic success, social/cultural acclimation, and even personal/ethnic identity. However, little is researched about international ESL students' transitions into U.S. higher education. This study employs qualitative research with semi-structured interview and grounded theory as analytical technique and aims to rectify the existing research literature limitation by identifying factors that facilitate and inhibit social, cultural, and academic transitions among international ESL students that best serve and accelerate their academic career in the United States.
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Bain, Roderick. "Towards a cultural politics of sustainability transitions : an exploratory study of artistic activism in Scottish community woodlands." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13148.

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Sustainability, and transitions away from currently prevailing unsustainability, is a project with political (economic) and cultural dimensions. Yet, the potential of a cultural political lens to investigate sustainability prefigurations is neglected by the academy. Moreover, existing cultural political conceptualizations are ontologically incoherent with green political perspectives. In this thesis, I articulate a revised notion of cultural politics consistent with normative visions of sustainability transitions, and validate the new approach through an exploratory investigation of Scottish community woodland organizations (CWOs). CWOs are alternative organizations troubling hegemonic land tenurial and forest management practices. However, these organizations are under- researched by sustainability scholars. The study shows how one CWO prefigures sustainability transitions, not least through distinctive woodland artistic activities. The thesis narrates threefold theoretical originality, and also extends empirical knowledge. Originality lies (first) in the practice-theoretical recasting of cultural politics theory, (second) in the synthesis concept describing practices of everyday artistic activism, and (third) in the green republican interpretive framework of sustainability subjectivities, against which cultural political performances may be evaluated. Empirical originality lies in the exploration of community woodlands. I argue that through practices of everyday artistic activism and more general woodland practices, woodland activists perform alternative conceptions of human-nature relations, intrahuman relations, and organization. Through these performances, woodland artistic activists enact a cultural politics of sustainability transitions, and make visible alternative modes of humans being in the world. The study contributes to theoretical debates concerned with cultural politics and artistic activism, with researching community organizing for sustainability transitions, and with interpretive approaches to sustainability knowledge production. Empirically, it extends alternative organizational knowledge, showing how sustainability subjectivities can be communicated through woodland practices.
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Ruales, Falconi Alejandra. "Cultural paradigm shifts in socio-technical transitions towards sustainable cities: A case study of the transportation system of São Paulo." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-124417.

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Transportation is a key component of the urban realm due to its high fossil fuel consumption, GHG emissions and pollution generation (among other negative externalities) that have been aggravated by an individual motor vehicle-driven society. In order to achieve a balanced urban growth for the future, the transportation paradigm requires a complete shift that will depend upon a change on people’s behaviors and perceptions about mobility. Being the biggest, most populous city of Brazil and the western hemisphere, as well as the financial motor behind the country’s economy, São Paulo currently faces a very serious transportation problem: an extremely high car per capita ratio in conjunction with a deficient public transport network. Furthermore, socioeconomic disparities exert an additional pressure to this dilemma, limiting the access to mobility and deeply embedding the car from a cultural standpoint. Given its prominence, São Paulo is the ideal city to evaluate how specific cultural and socio- spatial niches can steer a cultural paradigm shift that could ultimately trigger a socio-technical transition towards sustainability. In this case study, the role of policies, technology, and infrastructure as policymaking instruments are analyzed in the context of urban spaces in emergent nations, where political and economic structures are strong social determinants. Moreover, this study has shown how these instruments could not only produce a new set of mobility practices (or a new transportation culture) but also the creation of an equitable and thriving urban environment.
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Books on the topic "Cultural transitions"

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1949-, Bystydzienski Jill M., and Resnik Estelle P, eds. Women in cross-cultural transitions. Bloomington, Ind: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, 1994.

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Benetka, Gerhard, and Amrei C. Joerchel. Biographical ruptures and their repair: Cultural transitions in development. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing, Inc., 2015.

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Lenore, Manderson, ed. New motherhood: Cultural and personal transitions in the 1980s. Yverdon, Switzerland: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1993.

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Transitions and transformations: Cultural perspectives on aging and the life course. New York: Berghahn Books, 2013.

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Rubery, Jill, Dominique Anxo, and Gerhard Bosch. The welfare state and life transitions: A European perspective. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2010.

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Dyer, W. Gibb. Cultural change in family firms: Anticipating and managing business and family transitions. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1986.

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Vaughn, Kevin J. The evolution of leadership: Transitions in decision making from small-scale to middle-range societies. Santa Fe: School for Advanced Research Press, 2009.

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Post-war security transitions: Participatory peacebuilding after asymmetric conflicts. New York: Routledge, 2012.

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R, Kaufman Robert, ed. The Political economy of democratic transitions. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1995.

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Sparrow, Paul. Competition and change in the special economic zones of China: Transitions in human resource management. Manchester: Manchester Business School, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cultural transitions"

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Grumet, Julie Goldstein. "Transitions." In Encyclopedia of Cross-Cultural School Psychology, 1000–1002. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71799-9_433.

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Walker, Anitra. "Cultural Relationships and Transitions." In Challenging Common Core Language Arts Lessons, 41–50. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003233473-7.

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Paterson, Matthew, and Merissa Mueller. "Cultural conflicts and decarbonization pathways." In Rethinking Urban Transitions, 203–23. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315164779-12.

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Abramson, Neil Remington, and Robert T. Moran. "Managing Global Transitions and Relocations." In Managing Cultural Differences, 293–329. Tenth Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. | Revised edition of the authors’ Managing cultural differences, 2014.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315403984-10.

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Bongaarts, John, and Dennis Hodgson. "Country Fertility Transition Patterns." In Fertility Transition in the Developing World, 15–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11840-1_2.

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AbstractThis chapter focuses on the fertility transitions of individual countries. Countries are the entities that make policy decisions and implement family planning programs. Each country has a special set of economic, political, social and cultural conditions that influence fertility trends and related policies. We describe levels and trends in fertility in 97 developing countries between 1950 and 2020. Measures related to successive phases of the transitions are provided, including pre-transitional fertility, the timing of the onset, the pace of fertility decline, the timing of the transition’s end and post-transitional fertility. A special section discusses countries that have experienced a “stall” in their fertility transition. Transition patterns varied widely among developing countries over the past seven decades. Countries such as Singapore, Mauritius, Korea, Taiwan, and China experienced early, rapid, and complete transitions. In contrast, transitions in all but one country (South Africa) in sub-Saharan Africa have been late and slow, and fertility today remains well above replacement. Among the 97 countries examined, only 42 have reached the end of the transition, which is defined as having reached a TFR below 2.5 in 2020. The majority of countries are still in transition, and some have barely started a fertility decline.
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Cohen, Phil. "Cultural Studies in School Transitions." In Rethinking the Youth Question, 326–83. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25390-6_11.

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Lior, Yair. "Major Transitions in Cultural Evolution." In The Routledge Handbook of Evolutionary Approaches to Religion, 426–48. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/b23047-32.

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Beck, Gary A., Danielle Jackson, Amy Matzke-Fawcett, and Kayla Blansett Peters. "Resilience, Transitions, and Migration." In Family Communication and Cultural Transformation, 95–109. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003220480-6.

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Mitchell, Linda, Amanda Bateman, Robyn Gerrity, and Htwe Htwe Myint. "Bridging Transitions Through Cultural Understanding and Identity." In Pedagogies of Educational Transitions, 29–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43118-5_3.

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Sanz, Esteve. "Open Governments and Their Cultural Transitions." In Public Administration and Information Technology, 1–15. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9563-5_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cultural transitions"

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Robert, Sam. "Linguistic and Cultural Shifts of the Aranadan Tribe in Kerala." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.10-3.

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Language and cultural shifts are the major causes of endangerment of any community, which begins from minor switching of practices and verbal repertoires and ends with a whole change of community, and finally culminates in the community losing its own identity. Language shift usually takes place in a bilingual or multilingual speech community. It is a social phenomenon, whereby one language replaces another in a given society due to underlying changes in the composition and aspirations of the society. This process transitions from speaking the old to the new language. This is not fully a structural change caused by the dynamics of the old language as a system. The new language is adopted as a result of contact with another language community. The term language shift excludes language change which can be seen as an evolution, and hence the transition from older to newer forms of the same language. Contact between two or more cultures often leads to different sociological processes such as acculturation, cultural change, cultural genocide, and cultural shift. Cultural shift occurs when a community gives up its own socio-cultural practices like customs, rituals and traditional beliefs, and is characterized by changes in cultural symbols, rules of behavior, social organizations, or value systems. It differs from the process of cultural change in which a community’s culture can evolve independently. Shifts may take place at the level of an individual speaker who gradually forgets or shifts to another language and consequently this language spreads to an entire community. This phenomenon can be seen among the Aranadans, a primitive tribal community found mainly in the Malappuram district and in other Northern districts such as Kasargode and Kannur of Kerala, owing to their irreverence towards the preservation of their own language and culture. The socio-ecological, psychological and educational factors impact their language and cultural shifts. This paper illustrates and clarifies the reasons for the language and cultural shifts of the Aranadan tribal community.
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Carpenter, Ashley. "Bridging the Gap: Cultural Wealth and College Transitions for Upward Bound Students." In 2019 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1442606.

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García Ramírez, William. "Paisajes en movimiento: metodología para la identificación de paisajes culturales en las plazas de mercado de Bogotá." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6356.

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El reto que plantea esta investigación es comprender los distintos paisajes culturales presentes en las plazas de mercado de Bogotá, a través de la historia de la primera plaza de mercado cubierta de Bogotá y del país: La plaza de mercado de la Concepción. La reconstrucción de este paisaje cultural tiene un contexto físico: Bogotá, y un contexto temporal: la transición entre siglo XIX y Siglo XX (1.864-1.953). La propuesta de investigación se sustenta en la siguiente hipótesis: Los valores patrimoniales contenidos en el paisaje cultural de las plazas de mercado, no dependen de la existencia de la arquitectura que los alberga, sino de la permanencia de los ritos, costumbres, tradiciones que escapan a las formas espaciales, por lo que muchos de estos valores prevalecen hasta hoy como manifiestos de una cultura en las plazas de mercado bogotanas. Es por ello, que la identificación de los paisajes culturales manifestados en esta plaza de mercado, permitirá detentar los principales tipos de paisajes culturales actuales y sus valores patrimoniales, como testimonios del permanente encuentro entre las culturas del campo y de la ciudad. The challenge of this research is to understand the different cultural landscapes present in the market places of Bogota, across the history of the first marketplace covered of Bogota and of the country: The marketplace of the Concepcion. The reconstruction of this cultural landscape has a physical context: Bogota, and a temporary context: the transition between 19th century and 20th century (1.864-1.953). This proposal is sustained in the following hypothesis: The patrimonial values contained in the cultural landscape of the marketplaces, do not depend on the existence of the architecture that shelters them, but of the permanency of the rites, customs, traditions that escape to the spatial forms, for what many of these values prevail up to today as manifests of a culture in the of Bogotá marketplaces. It is for it, that the identification of the cultural landscapes demonstrated in the marketplace, will allow to hold the principal types of cultural current landscapes and his patrimonial values, as testimonies of the permanent meeting between the cultures of the country and the city.
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Dmitriev, Kirill. "Language-philology-culture. Arab Cultural Semantics In Transition." In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2014.sspp0933.

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Munteanu-Iorga, Ionuta-Natalia. "Perspectives on a Philologic and Academic Cannon on Virgil Nemoianu’s Theories." In Conferință științifică internațională "Filologia modernă: realizări şi perspective în context european". “Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu” Institute of Romanian Philology, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52505/filomod.2022.16.07.

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The problem of the Literary Canon is stated by the Romanian theorist Virgil Nemoianu several times and from different critical perspectives of the time – each perspective is seeking to reflect an era and its influences, a certain cultural and artistic typology, the cultural projects and products of a canonical era, the spirituality and politics of the time, as well as the ideological disputes that re-establish from one century to another great canonical European literatures. Systematized thematically and through editorials published between 1967 and 2011, the Romanian professor’s concerns related to the canon are written with great precision – enlightening philological and historical details. Into the same unison with the educated voices of the great universities in Europe and America, Virgil Nemoianu will start the discussion about the phenomenology of the literary Canon by using the tools of referring to the European literary details and referring to the European cultural studies. As a framework, within his academic concerns, there is the idea of complexities and cultural continuities, which together with the ideas of aesthetic and moral emergences, both creates veritable encyclopedic studies that the Romanian theorist he dedicated to Minor European Romanticism, then to Structuralism, and finally to Postmodernism and cultural Globalism. By discussing the importance of the canonical lists, as well as by proposing provocative ideas supposed to aim at the correct understanding of the academic curriculum, Virgil Nemoianu initiates a debate that even gives us the opportunity to discuss the cultural phenomena that determine the modification of the canon. In particular, the Romanian professor gives interest to a canon in perpetual transformation – The Hospitable Canon – a hospitable canon, which involves transitions from a rigidity of the interpretation of literature – to an interpretive plurality. Therefore, these methodological filters have a catalytic role, becoming reagents that lead to a new interpretive synthesis. They also manage to lead to the theoretical core of Professor V. Nemoianu’s reflections: the canon and canonicity allow the observation of the secondary, the marginal, the interdependencies and the intertextualism within the canonical literatures – towards to redefine the social, art and spirituality.
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Майков, В. В. "THE ESSENCE OF TRANSPERSONAL PSYCHOTHERAPY PART 1. HEALING OF THE PRIMARY TRAUMAS OF THE THE HUMANITY HUMANITY." In Антология российской психотерапии и психологии. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54775/ppl.2021.28.74.011.

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Предметом исследования является трансперсональная психотерапия. Ставится вопрос об особенностях её области, метода и культурно исторического пространства её работы. Анализируется причины её особ ого места в семействе различных школ психотерапии. Вводится предположение о том, что эти причины связаны с новым пониманием сознания в трансперсональном подходе. Полученные результаты дают новые возможности понимания того, каким образом и в каком культурно историческом поле работает трансперсональная психотерапия. Метод и методология исследования основаны на анализе незавершённых переходов и связанных с ними первичных травм в историческом развитии человечества вообще и России, в частности, и классификации э тих травм. Основным вкладом автора в исследовании темы является предварительная классификация первичных трав и анализе их роли во вторичной травматизации. Введённые представления о необходимости исцеления первичных травм открывают новые возможности заботы о душе в профессиональной психотерапии. The subject of the study is transpersonal psychotherapy. The question is raised about the peculiarities of The subject of the study is transpersonal psychotherapy. The question is raised about the peculiarities of its its field, methodfield, method, as well as the , as well as the cultural and hcultural and historical space of istorical space of itsits work. The reasons for its special place in the family of various schools work. The reasons for its special place in the family of various schools of psychotherapy are analyzed. The assumption is introduced that these reasons are associated with a new understanding of of psychotherapy are analyzed. The assumption is introduced that these reasons are associated with a new understanding of consciousness in the transpersonal appconsciousness in the transpersonal approach. The obtained results provide new opportunities for understanding in what cultural and roach. The obtained results provide new opportunities for understanding in what cultural and historical field and how transpersonal psychotherapy works. The method and methodology of the study are based on the analysishistorical field and how transpersonal psychotherapy works. The method and methodology of the study are based on the analysis of of incomplete transitions and associaincomplete transitions and associated primary traumas in the historical development of ted primary traumas in the historical development of the the mankind in general and Russia in mankind in general and Russia in particular, and the classification of these traumasparticular, and the classification of these traumas is presentedis presented. The main contribution of the author . The main contribution of the author toto the study of the topic is the the study of the topic is the preliminary classification of ppreliminary classification of primary traumas and the analysis of their role in secondary traumatization. The introduced ideas about rimary traumas and the analysis of their role in secondary traumatization. The introduced ideas about the need to heal primary traumas open up new opportunities for caring for the soul in professional psychotherapy.the need to heal primary traumas open up new opportunities for caring for the soul in professional psychotherapy.
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Maigre, Marie-Elisabeth. "THE INFLUENCE OF THE GÜLEN MOVEMENT IN THE EMERGENCE OF A TURKISH CULTURAL THIRD WAY." In Muslim World in Transition: Contributions of the Gülen Movement. Leeds Metropolitan University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/mxux7290.

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This paper aims to understand the role of Fethullah Gülen’s movement in the emergence of the new Islamic culture in Turkey. Among the Islamic dynamics that emerged in the 80s, the movement based on Gülen’s ideas is unique not in that it spread through an intellectual, healthcare and media network – this is true of other Sufi communities – but in its develop- ment of an effective educational programme now comprising more than 300 schools around the world. In the 1990s, this movement favoured a ‘Turkish Islam’ encompassing the principles of de- mocracy and moderation, and so rejected the radical ideals of Necmettin Erbakan’s Refah party. After the 1997 ‘soft coup’ removed the Erbakan government, pro-Islamic businesspeo- ple became more disinclined to support a party that could threaten their business interests. A reformist branch led by Istanbul mayor, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, began to adopt the principles of democracy and religious freedom as part of a new political argument, and eventually won the general elections of November 2002. It seems that three actors – the Islamist reformists, the businessmen, and Gülen’s followers – converged around the common concepts of Turkish Islam, Conservative Democracy, and Business to re-elaborate the cultural content of the Islamic movement with a more Western- democratic and capitalist orientation. The phrase ‘Islam de marché’, coined by Patrick Haenni, refers to the culture, born of globalisation, in which business success is efficiently used to translate thinking or religious beliefs into something practical and derive some cul- tural influence from association with the state. Fethullah Gülen, whose movement is a paradigm of these new approaches, could be consid- ered a far-sighted visionary since he anticipated the need for Turkish people, whether secular or Islamist, to adapt to the present times, and the strong potential of globalisation to diffuse his vision of Islam.
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Lin, JingYang, QingKun Du, and Wei Bi. "Research on the Local Construction of Innovative Lingnan Cultural Tourism Town From the Perspective of Cultural Gene." In 2021 International Conference on Financial Management and Economic Transition (FMET 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210917.065.

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Peña, Courtney. "Sense of Belonging and Culturally Sustaining Mentorship: Lessons From a Cultural Center's Frosh Transition Program." In 2021 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1690366.

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Usta, Emine Ebru. "The Effect of Culture on Economic Development and Turkey-Russia Economic Relations." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00647.

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Globalization is worldwide integration of economical ,cultural,political,religious and social system.The incremental competitive conditions of nowadays make the firms not only analysis the other countries economic or political system but also cultural,religious and social systems. In this respect for globalization world , it is sure that culture and economy get the crucial role at the inter state relations.At the base of turkey and Russia also lays this dialog.For this reason in this study it is aimed that with current parameters tried to explain after diagnosis in general means the effects of culture on economical developments especially after 2001 economic recession- lives important regulation period in which known power transition world economy -Turkey,takes place in the developing countries, with Russia Federation ,important member of ascending market economy.
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Reports on the topic "Cultural transitions"

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Ota, Akiko. Factors Influencing Social, Cultural, and Academic Transitions of Chinese International ESL Students in U.S. Higher Education. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1051.

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Pillay, Hitendra, and Brajesh Pant. Foundational ( K-12) Education System: Navigating 21st Century Challenges. QUT and Asian Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.226350.

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Foundational education system commonly referred to as K-12 school education is fundamental for people to succeed in life as noted in United Nations declaration of human rights. Consequently, decades of investments have helped K-12 sector evolve and respond to new demands but many of the traditional thinking has remained and thus hinder agility and disruptive evolution of the system. In most countries the national school education systems are perhaps the largest single enterprise and subjected to socio-cultural, economic and political influences, which in turn make it reluctant and/or difficult to change the system. However, as the world transitions from industrial revolution to information revolution and now to knowledge economy, the foundational education sector has been confronted with several simultaneous challenges. The monograph reviews and analyses how these challenges may be supported in a system that is reliant on traditional rigid time frames and confronted by complex external pressures that are blurring the boundaries of the school education landscape. It is apparent that doing more of the same may not provide the necessary solutions. There is a need to explore new opportunities for reforming the school education space, including system structures, human resources, curriculum designs, and delivery strategies. This analytical work critiques current practices to encourage K-12 educators recognize the need to evolve and embrace disruptions in a culture that tends to be wary of change. The key considerations identified through this analytical work is presented as a set of recommendations captured under four broad areas commonly used in school improvement literature
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Yaremchuk, Olesya. TRAVEL ANTHROPOLOGY IN JOURNALISM: HISTORY AND PRACTICAL METHODS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11069.

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Our study’s main object is travel anthropology, the branch of science that studies the history and nature of man, socio-cultural space, social relations, and structures by gathering information during short and long journeys. The publication aims to research the theoretical foundations and genesis of travel anthropology, outline its fundamental principles, and highlight interaction with related sciences. The article’s defining objectives are the analysis of the synthesis of fundamental research approaches in travel anthropology and their implementation in journalism. When we analyze what methods are used by modern authors, also called «cultural observers», we can return to the localization strategy, namely the centering of the culture around a particular place, village, or another spatial object. It is about the participants-observers and how the workplace is limited in space and time and the broader concept of fieldwork. Some disciplinary practices are confused with today’s complex, interactive cultural conjunctures, leading us to think of a laboratory of controlled observations. Indeed, disciplinary approaches have changed since Malinowski’s time. Based on the experience of fieldwork of Svitlana Aleksievich, Katarzyna Kwiatkowska-Moskalewicz, or Malgorzata Reimer, we can conclude that in modern journalism, where the tools of travel anthropology are used, the practical methods of complexity, reflexivity, principles of openness, and semiotics are decisive. Their authors implement both for stable localization and for a prevailing transition.
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Parsons, Helen M., Hamdi I. Abdi, Victoria A. Nelson, Amy M. Claussen, Brittin L. Wagner, Karim T. Sadak, Peter B. Scal, Timothy J. Wilt, and Mary Butler. Transitions of Care From Pediatric to Adult Services for Children With Special Healthcare Needs. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer255.

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Objective. To understand the evidence base for care interventions, implementation strategies, and between-provider communication tools among children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN) transitioning from pediatric to adult medical care services. Data sources. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, the Cochrane Central trials (CENTRAL) registry, and CINAHL to identify studies through September 10, 2021. We conducted grey literature searches to identify additional resources relevant to contextual questions. Review methods. Using a mixed-studies review approach, we searched for interventions or implementation strategies for transitioning CSHCN from pediatric to adult services. Two investigators screened abstracts and full-text articles of identified references for eligibility. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental observational studies, and mixed-method studies of CSHCN, their families, caregivers, or healthcare providers. We extracted basic study information from all eligible studies and grouped interventions into categories based on disease conditions. We summarized basic study characteristics for included studies and outcomes for studies assessed as low to medium risk of bias using RoB-2. Results. We identified 9,549 unique references, 440 of which represented empirical research; of these, 154 (16 major disease categories) described or examined a care transition intervention with enough detail to potentially be eligible for inclusion in any of the Key Questions. Of these, 96 studies met comparator criteria to undergo risk of bias assessment; however only 9 studies were assessed as low or medium risk of bias and included in our analytic set. Low-strength evidence shows transition clinics may not improve hemoglobin A1C levels either at 12 or 24 months in youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared with youth who received usual care. For all other interventions and outcomes, the evidence was insufficient to draw meaningful conclusions because the uncertainty of evidence was too high. Some approaches to addressing barriers include dedicating time and resources to support transition planning, developing a workforce trained to care for the needs of this population, and creating structured processes and tools to facilitate the transition process. No globally accepted definition for effective transition of care from pediatric to adult services for CSHCN exists; definitions are often drawn from principles for transitions, encompassing a broad set of clinical aspects and other factors that influence care outcomes or promote continuity of care. There is also no single measure or set of measures consistently used to evaluate effectiveness of transitions of care. The literature identifies a limited number of available training and other implementation strategies focused on specific clinical specialties in targeted settings. No eligible studies measured the effectiveness of providing linguistically and culturally competent healthcare for CSHCN. Identified transition care training, and care interventions to
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Shaw, R. D. The archaeology of the Manokinak site: a study of the cultural transition between late Norton tradition and historic Eskimo. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/1164.

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Sultana, Munawar. Culture of silence: A brief on reproductive health of adolescents and youth in Pakistan. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy19.1006.

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Previous research on the reproductive health of adolescents and youth in Pakistan has not addressed the diversity of adolescent experiences based on social status, residence, and gender. To understand the transition from adolescence to adulthood more fully, it is important to assess social, economic, and cultural aspects of that transition. This brief presents the experience of married and unmarried young people (males and females) from different social strata and residence regarding their own attitudes and expectations about reproductive health. More young people aged 15–24 live in Pakistan now than at any other time in its history—an estimated 36 million in 2004. Recognizing the dearth of information on this large group of young people, the Population Council undertook a nationally representative survey from October 2001 to March 2002. The analysis presented here comes from Adolescents and Youth in Pakistan 2001–02: A Nationally Representative Survey. The survey sought information from youth aged 15–24, responsible adults in the household, and other community members in 254 communities. A total of 6,585 households were visited and 8,074 young people were interviewed.
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Bertassini, Ana Carolina, Aldo Roberto Ometto, and Mateus Cecilio Gerolamo. The Role of Organizational Culture in the Transition Towards the Circular Economy –A Practical Perspective. University of Limerick, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31880/10344/10196.

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Haider, Huma. Transitional Justice and Reconciliation in the Western Balkans: Approaches, Impacts and Challenges. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.033.

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Countries in the Western Balkans have engaged in various transitional justice and reconciliation initiatives to address the legacy of the wars of the 1990s and the deep political and societal divisions that persist. There is growing consensus among scholars and practitioners that in order to foster meaningful change, transitional justice must extend beyond trials (the dominant international mechanism in the region) and be more firmly anchored in affected communities with alternative sites, safe spaces, and modes of engagement. This rapid literature review presents a sample of initiatives, spanning a range of sectors and fields – truth-telling, art and culture, memorialisation, dialogue and education – that have achieved a level of success in contributing to processes of reconciliation, most frequently at the community level. It draws primarily from recent studies, published in the past five years. Much of the literature available centres on Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), with some examples also drawn from Serbia, Kosovo and North Macedonia.
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Bergsen, Pepijn, Leah Downey, Max Krahé, Hans Kundnani, Manuela Moschella, and Quinn Slobodian. The economic basis of democracy in Europe: structural economic change, inequality and the depoliticization of economic policymaking. Royal Institute of International Affairs, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135362.

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- To understand contemporary challenges to European democracy, it is crucial to look beyond the surface of politics and consider the deeper relationship between democracy and the economy. Instead of focusing exclusively on the rise of ‘populism’, it is necessary to acknowledge the multiplicity of threats to European democracy, in particular those arising from the structure of European economies and economic policymaking. - Understanding these weaknesses in the functioning of European democracies is crucial to an effective approach to future economic transformations, in particular the green transition, but also for dealing effectively and equitably with challenges such as higher inflation. It is important that the relevant policy changes and responses are democratically legitimate and do not foster the kind of political backlash that previous economic transformations did. - Over the past 40 years, economic inequality – ranging from income inequality to discrepancies in wealth and economic security – has widened throughout developed economies. In turn, these developments have generated increasing political inequality, as economic policymaking has served the interests of the well-off. - Democratic systems have also been made less responsive to electorates through the ‘depoliticization’ of policymaking, in particular economic policy, as a result of its insulation from national-level democratic scrutiny. The expansion of technocratic modes of governance – notably through independent central banks and EU-level institutions – has in many cases entrenched the policy preferences of specific groups in institutions removed from direct democratic control. - As this depoliticization has to a large extent made democratic contestation over economic policy redundant, politics has increasingly been polarized around ‘cultural’ questions. But such a focus on culture is unlikely to address the inequalities behind the dysfunction of democracies in Europe. - Strengthening European democracy requires a ‘repoliticization’ of economic policymaking, including both fiscal and monetary policymaking. In the specific context of the EU, this would mean opening up more policy space for national decision-makers and parliaments – in particular by giving them a more influential role in fiscal policy, and by making monetary policy more democratic.
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Bano, Masooda. Beating the ‘Anti-Work’ Culture: Lessons from a Successful Attemptto Improve Performance in State Schools in Pakistan. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE)r, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/105.

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What local-level factors, or horizontal pressures, can improve learning outcomes in government schools in developing countries, when the political elites and education bureaucracy are not exerting enough vertical pressure on principals and teachers to ensure improvement in learning outcomes? Existing research suggests the role of principals, investment in teacher training or improving financial incentives, and increased community participation as possible ways to enhance performance of teachers and principals. Assessing a 25-year state-school improvement programme run by CARE, a prominent education foundation in Pakistan, which has demonstrated visible success in improving student enrolment and performance in national matriculation exams and transition to college and university education, this paper shows that while principals can play a critical role in improving school performance, the real challenge is to suppress the ‘anti-work’ culture that prevails in state schools in countries where appointments of teachers as well as principals remain a source of political patronage. The paper shows that in such contexts NGOs, if given the contractual authority to monitor performance, can act as effective third-party enforcers to help shift the balance in favour of ‘pro-work’ teachers. However, for systematic long-term improvement in school performance, this support needs to come via the district-level education authorities—and this, as we shall see, is often also missing in such contexts. The findings from this study thus support growing evidence on the challenges confronting efforts to strengthen the short route of accountability in countries where the long route of accountability is weak. In such a political-economy context, even committed principals are unlikely to be able to shift school culture in favour of a ‘pro-work’ ethic unless there are wide-ranging reforms in the wider political and bureaucratic culture.
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