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Journal articles on the topic 'Cultural studies of agriculture'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Eche-Enriquez, Mauricio David, and Ramiro José Vivas-Vivas. "Farming, Education and Migration." Migraciones. Publicación del Instituto Universitario de Estudios sobre Migraciones, no. 54 (June 8, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14422/mig.i54y2022.008.

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This paper aims at analysing and presenting the findings regarding migration aspirations of agricultural High school students in northern rural Ecuador. Using a quantitative approach, it analyses 366 surveys from agricultural high schools’ students in three agricultural cantons located in different geographic regions: Coast, Highlands and Amazon. The migration drivers are low prices of agricultural produce, low wages and lack of technical support to agriculture. A big share does not intend to work in the agricultural sector in the Highlands and Coast; contrarily to the Amazon region. More than half of the respondents has aspirations to migrate to study in urban centres, and search for better economic and labour opportunities. Aspiration to migrate has a negative correlation with agriculture profitability. It is positive with parents’ land ownership, which is determined by the lack of interest to study agriculture at university that increases the scarcity of rural labour force and young successors to take up agriculture.

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Tsybenov, B. D. "DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL ECONOMY OF THE MORIN-DAWA DAUR AUTONOMOUS REGION IN 1958–1984*." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 4 (December 23, 2018): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2018-4-100-105.

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The subject of this study is the agriculture of the Morin-Dawa Daur Autonomous region. The purpose of the article is to study the agricultural development of the national autonomy of the Daur people in 1958–1984. The author used foreign and Russian sources and employed chronological, retrospective, and concrete historical methods of research. The article features the formation and development of people's communes and production brigades in the autonomous region, as well as their agricultural activities during the years of the "big leap", "cultural revolution", and "reform and opening up" in China. The author also studied the degradation of agriculture and pastures during the "cultural revolution". The results of the research can be applied in scientific and practical studies of the agriculture of the national minorities of the People’s Republic of China, in a comparative study of the national economic complexes of the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China. The author concludes that the development of agriculture of the Morin-Dawa Daur Autonomous region was an integral part of the nation-wide processes in the Chinese agriculture.

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Danglová, Oľga. "Regional response to post-socialist decollectivisation – The example of slovak villages in the little carpathians." Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 58, no. 1 (March 27, 2021): 177–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aethn.58.2013.1.12.

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This paper addresses questions connected with the restructuring of agriculture in the Little Carpathian region, which is one of the most dynamically developing regions of western Slovakia. Analysing the course of the transformation process in large-scale postsocialist agricultural enterprises, the author stresses its variable character in the differentiated local context. Attention is given also to other spheres of agricultural activity: the enterprises of privately producing farmers, and private plot production for families’ own use. It is argued that in the real economy of the region the importance of agriculture as a branch of production has declined. Ideas of the region’s progress and prosperity are rarely associated with agriculture nowadays (with the exception of vine-growing). Nonetheless, agriculture is beginning to be perceived as a natural part of the landscape, as a particular feature which must be preserved and utilised in the long-term, including in the context of developing regional tourism.

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4

Yaşayanlar, İsmail. "An Example of Efforts to Increase Agricultural Output in the Ottoman Middle-East: the Irrigation Project of the Jaffa Valley." Belleten 80, no. 287 (April 1, 2016): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2016.201.

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In the 19th century, in regions that lay outside the agriculture lands along the shores of rivers in the Middle East, dry agriculture that was affiliated with seasonal precipitation was practiced. This situation meant that many productive lands were not farmed. The spread of agriculture production without being dependent on precipitation and an increase in production was only possible with a wide-ranging irrigation project. This paper takes as its basis the Middle East, which was limited in water resources and examines the irrigation projects that were developed for irrigated agriculture and gardening in Jaffa, a seaside Palestinian city; in addition, the concessions that were granted in this context will be examined. If we take into account that the conflicts affiliated with water sources in this region still continue today, the development of an irrigation project in a city like Jaffa, both from the aspect of the direction of state agricultural policies and for evaluating the settlement policies of the Jewish colonies, is extremely important.

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Riguzzi, Paolo. "Sistema financiero, banca privada y crédito agrícola en México, 1897–1913: ¿Un desencuentro anunciado?" Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 21, no. 2 (2005): 333–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/msem.2005.21.2.333.

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El artículo abordalas relaciones entre el sistema financiero y la agricultura, desde la ley bancaria de 1897 hasta 1913, último año en que los bancos mantuvieron operaciones regulares. Se pretende medir el acceso de las unidades productivas al crédito de largo plazo y reconstruir los canales de financiamiento. La pregunta central es si y en qué condiciones los bancos u otros intermediarios financieros encauzaban una oferta de crédito hacia el sector agrícola y en qué términos. O si, por otro lado, la banca privada manifestaba una incapacidad estructural para acomodar en sus actividades el crédito agrícola; en este caso se pretende conocer qué caminos alternativos estaban disponibles y qué consecuencias derivaron de ello. The article deals with the relationships between the financial system and agriculture, from the first Banking Law in 1897 until the last year of bank operations before the Revolution, 1913. It aims at reconstructing the credit channels and measuring the access of rural estates to long-term credit. The central question is whether banks or other financial intermediaries supplied funds to Mexican agriculture, and in what terms. Was private banking structurally incapable of providing agricultural credit? And if so, were alternative means available? What consequences this situation had on the rural economy?

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Kerbler, Boštjan. "The multi-functionality of agriculture and agricultural policy." Urbani izziv 17, no. 1-2 (2006): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2006-17-01-02-013.

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7

Mabbs-Zeno, Carl C., Arthur Dommen, and Constance Anthony. "Innovation in African Agriculture." African Studies Review 33, no. 1 (April 1990): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/524637.

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8

Ilieva, Rositsa T., Nevin Cohen, Maggie Israel, Kathrin Specht, Runrid Fox-Kämper, Agnès Fargue-Lelièvre, Lidia Poniży, et al. "The Socio-Cultural Benefits of Urban Agriculture: A Review of the Literature." Land 11, no. 5 (April 23, 2022): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11050622.

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Despite extensive literature on the socio-cultural services of urban open spaces, the role of food-producing spaces has not received sufficient attention. This hampers advocacy for preserving and growing urban agricultural activities, often dismissed on justifications that their contributions to overall food supply are negligible. To understand how the social benefits of urban agriculture have been measured, we conducted a systematic review of 272 peer-reviewed publications, which drew on insights from urban agriculture sites in 57 different countries. Through content analysis, we investigated socio-cultural benefits in four spheres: engaged and cohesive communities, health and well-being, economic opportunities, and education. The analysis revealed growth in research on the social impacts of gardens and farms, with most studies measuring the effects on community cohesion and engagement, followed by increased availability and consumption of fruits and vegetables associated with reduced food insecurity and better health. Fewer studies assessed the impact of urban farming on educational and economic outcomes. Quantifying the multiple ways in which urban agriculture provides benefits to people will empower planners and the private sector to justify future investments. These findings are also informative for research theorizing cities as socio-ecological systems and broader efforts to measure the benefits of urban agriculture, in its many forms.

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9

Heller, Chaia. "Another (Food) World Is Possible." Anthropological Journal of European Cultures 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ajec.2011.200106.

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If the post-war industrial model entails a mix of technological and chemical interventions that increase farm productivity, then post-industrial agriculture (emerging in the 1970s) constitutes agricultural surpluses, as well as an array of trade, aid and biotechnology practices that introduce novel foodstuffs (processed and genetically modified) on an unprecedented scale. While industrial agriculture reduces the farming population, the latter gives rise to new sets of actors who question the nature and validity of the industrial model. This essay explores the rise of one set of such actors. Paysans (peasants) from France's second largest union, the Confederation Paysanne, challenge the industrial model's instrumental rationality of agriculture. Reframing food questions in terms of food sovereignty, paysans propose a solidarity-based production rationality which gives hope to those who believe that another post-industrial food system is possible.

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Munro, William, and Rachel Schurman. "Building an Ideational and Institutional Architecture for Africa’s Agricultural Transformation." African Studies Review 65, no. 1 (March 2022): 16–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2021.82.

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AbstractOver the past two decades, transnationally networked actors have promoted a vision of transforming African agriculture from an object of poverty-alleviating development assistance to a motor of economic growth by integrating smallholders into markets and promoting agribusiness through multi-stakeholder initiatives. Munro and Schurman analyze the networking and communicative labor that key policy actors have performed to advance this vision. An institutional and ideational architecture for this project is created by defining agricultural challenges in specific ways, imbuing particular ideas with authority and establishing strategic institutional connections. This architecture constitutes an emerging governance regime for African agriculture, but its long-term prospects remain uncertain.

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Pérez-Criado, Silvia, and José Ramón Bertomeu Sánchez. "From arsenic to DDT: Pesticides, Fascism and the invisibility of toxic risks in the early years of Francoist Spain (1939-1953)." Culture & History Digital Journal 10, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): e004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2021.004.

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This paper reviews the way in which Spanish agriculture climbed onto the pesticide treadmill. We claim that Fascist policies and expert advice assembled in the early 1940s accelerated the introduction of pesticides into Spanish agriculture and promoted the emergence of the Spanish pesticide industry in the times of autarky. Agricultural engineers were the key protagonists in this process, but other human and non-human actors also played a pivotal role: a new pest (the Colorado beetle), Francoist politicians, farmers, landowners and industry managers. Our focus is on the use of pesticides against the Colorado beetle (the main threat to the potato crop), and the transition from arsenical pesticides to DDT during the 1940s. We discuss how the politics of autarky offered new opportunities for developing agronomic programmes and the chemical industry and led to the creation of the Register of Pesticides in 1942. We also discuss the role of these regulations in concealing the risks of pesticides from farmers and food consumers. Arsenic pesticides became sources of slow poisoning and tools for social control while reinforcing the alliance of agricultural engineers and Fascist politicians in their autarkic and authoritarian projects. When DDT arrived in Spain, the agricultural engineers praised the low toxicity it had demonstrated (compared to lead arsenate) in its first uses in public health and in military campaigns in Italy. Indeed, the data concerning its potential dangers disappeared from view thanks in part to a large multimedia campaign launched to promote the introduction of the new organic pesticides in Spanish agriculture, which is described at the end of the paper.

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Schnitman, Tarita. "MULTIFUNCTIONALITY OF AGRICULTURE: A BRAZILIAN PERSPECTIVE/ Multifuncionalidade da agricultura: uma perspectiva brasileira/ Multifuncionalidad de la agricultura: una perspectiva brasileña." REVISTA NERA, no. 51 (January 13, 2020): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47946/rnera.v0i51.6654.

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Earlier international studies on multifunctional agriculture question rural development and show a new direction to rural areas. This approach is conceptualised as a counter to larger industrial agriculture and integrates social, economic, environmental preservation, productive and cultural values to sustain farming communities among traditional farmers. Brazilian researchers have previously argued for a four-pillar model of rural development to be incorporated to the concept of multifunctional agriculture. This paper presents a framework to investigate this theoretical approach. It presents a Brazilian case study among the Quilombola community of Mandira-Brazil and how it fulfils the four-pillar model. Results show exemplary protection of their cultural and biophysical territory and recognition of their traditional ways by the State, the ability to sustain livelihoods over time, but keeping the youth engaged is a challenge. The case study reveals unique Brazilian lenses towards the approach.

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13

Rehber, Erkan, and Libor Grega. "Agriculture, Trade and Sustainability." European Legacy 13, no. 4 (July 2008): 463–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10848770802180755.

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14

van der Veen, Marijke. "Garamantian Agriculture: The Plant Remains from Zinchecra, Fezzan." Libyan Studies 23 (1992): 7–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900001722.

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AbstractExcavations at Zinchecra, a hill fort settlement of the Garamantes in Fezzan, southern Libya, have recovered a rich assemblage of desiccated and carbonised plant remains. The archaeobotanical analysis of this assemblage has produced a unique insight into the state of agriculture in the Sahara during the first half of the first millennium BC. Three cereal crops and three fruit crops have been identified, as well as salad plants and aromatic herbs. The use of wild plant resources has also been attested. The assemblage is dated by eleven radiocarbon dates to 900–400 cal BC. A well-developed agricultural regime was present, despite the harsh climatic conditions.

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15

Hendricks, Cheryl, Paul Kishindo, Elizabeth Eldredge, and Mark Epprecht. "Women, Land and Agriculture in Lesotho." African Studies Review 39, no. 2 (September 1996): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/525454.

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16

Zhou, Yan. "Risk Assessment of Agricultural Economic Management Based on the Multivariate Statistical Computing Method." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (April 14, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8547306.

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The modernization process of Chinese agriculture has posed new challenges to agriculture economic management. However, existing studies focus on financial and ecological and environmental risks of agriculture economic management while lacking the necessary attention to other types of agricultural economic management. Therefore, we first propose that the risk of agricultural economic management is of five types—economic, social, political, cultural, and ecological and environmental risks—and further clarify the interactions among the five risk types. Given that the five types of risks are nested with each other, we adopted a multivariate statistical algorithm based on complex network theory to scientifically evaluate the risk management of agriculture economy. The results show the applicability of the algorithm to risk clustering analysis and risk coefficient estimation. The article concludes with the corresponding theoretical and practical implications.

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17

Heatherington, Tracey. "Introduction." Anthropological Journal of European Cultures 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ajec.2011.200101.

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The management of agriculture has long played a key role in efforts to remake European borders, landscapes and identities. The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has been a centerpiece of European collaboration and debate since the first steps were taken to establish the European Community after the Second World War. Launched by the Treaty of Rome in 1957, it was first designed to regulate the agricultural market and protect food security across the original six member states of France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg. With successive European enlargements and ongoing transformations in the world agricultural markets, the CAP has been in continual negotiation.

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18

Anggrahita, Hayuning, and Guswandi Guswandi. "Keragaman Fungsi dan Bentuk Spasial Pertanian Kota (Studi Kasus: Pertanian Kota di Jakarta)." Jurnal Wilayah dan Lingkungan 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jwl.6.3.148-163.

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Urbanization in Jakarta encourages the conversion of agricultural land and other green open spaces into built-up areas. Agriculture sector is being marginalized and its contribution is only 0.1% of the economy of Jakarta. Previous studies showed that regardless of its fewer contribution, Jakarta's agriculture persistence takes place due to single to multiple functional transformations especially from staple food production to diverse functions such as environmental, cultural, property rights protection functions, etc. This study aims to identify agricultural multi-functionality in Jakarta. This research uses descriptive quantitative analysis method which is deepened with qualitative analysis through the interview and scientific photography technique to represent physical and social reality in the field. The results indicate that Jakarta’s agriculture is scattered due to urbanization pressure. In addition, Jakarta's agriculture is transformed through the creation of new urban values which demonstrate the ability of urban agriculture to survive.

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19

Rodriguez-Manas, Francisco. "Agriculture, Ṣūfism and the State in Tenth/Sixteenth-Century Morocco." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 59, no. 3 (October 1996): 450–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00030597.

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The tenth/sixteenth century was undoubtedly one of the most turbulent periods in the history of Morocco. Throughout the century the country was ravaged by civil strife, foreign occupation of some of its coastal regions and widespread social turmoil. Dynastic conflict between the two main contenders for the throne—the Wattasid vizierate and the Saՙdiyans—did not cease until the middle of the century. The prolonged warfare drained the economic resources of the country and crippled commercial activity. The crisis was especially acute in the countryside where the protracted political unrest disrupted agricultural activity. Sizable tracts of farmland were left uncultivated or were ruined by marauding gangs of brigands who plundered the peasants of their crops and cattle. As well as man-made damage, agricultural output was hit by a series of natural calamities (drought, plagues and scarce harvests), while intermittent outbreaks of epidemic decimated the population of certain districts. The results were catastrophic: famine became endemic in certain regions; previously fertile lands were abandoned and their soils became unsuitable for cultivation; trade in agricultural produce gradually ebbed; the price of foodstuffs rose to exorbitant levels and traders resorted to speculative practices, hoarding grain and other agricultural produce to inflate their value. The stagnation of agriculture led to a sharp demographic decline in the rural population and a substantial influx of migrant peasants into urban centres or rural areas less affected by scarcity. Entire rural communities were uprooted. Pauperism and mendicity proliferated in many regions as scores of impoverished peasants and herdsmen abandoned their indigenous lands and roamed the countryside in search of food.

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20

Vlachos, George L. "Agricultural Cooperatives as Social-Engineering Mechanisms: Fragments of Evidence from Two Case Studies from the Interwar Greek Macedonia." Hiperboreea 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 69–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/hiperboreea.9.1.0069.

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Centered on rural Greek Macedonia, this article constitutes an attempt to assess the role of agricultural cooperatives as mechanisms capable of molding a sturdy and efficient farmer. As it will be argued here, this was the intention of the Ministry of Economics (and later, Ministry of Agriculture) officials who composed the standard statute for agricultural cooperatives. By applying a micro-historical perspective, based on the archives of two agricultural cooperatives of interwar Greek Macedonia, this article provides evidence that gives cause to doubt whether the proclaimed goals were achieved.

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21

Katzer, Nikolaus, and William Templer. "Obsessed by Efficiency and Productivity in Agriculture?" Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 22, no. 1 (2021): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/kri.2021.0010.

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Parpart, Jane L., and Jean Davison. "Agriculture, Women and Land: The African Experience." African Studies Review 33, no. 2 (September 1990): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/524477.

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23

Graham, Douglas H., and Bruce F. Johnston. "U.S.-Mexican Relations: Agriculture and Rural Development." Hispanic American Historical Review 68, no. 4 (November 1988): 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2515749.

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24

Kelly, Robert L. "The origins of agriculture and its consequences." Reviews in Anthropology 17, no. 1-4 (February 1991): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00988157.1991.9977926.

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Oyuela-Caycedo, Augusto, and Richard S. MacNeish. "The Origins of Agriculture and Settled Life." Hispanic American Historical Review 75, no. 3 (August 1995): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2517239.

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Graham, Douglas H. "U.S.-Mexican Relations: Agriculture and Rural Development." Hispanic American Historical Review 68, no. 4 (November 1, 1988): 880–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-68.4.880.

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Oyuela-Caycedo, Augusto. "The Origins of Agriculture and Settled Life." Hispanic American Historical Review 75, no. 3 (August 1, 1995): 453–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-75.3.453.

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28

Grez, Evelyn Encalada. "Mexican Migrant Farmworkers in Canada." Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 38, no. 1 (2022): 140–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/msem.2022.38.1.140.

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This essay focuses on Mexican migrant farmworkers employed in the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. During this time, Mexican workers became essential yet expendable while their agricultural employers reaped the material rewards as an essential industry. Through the lens of racialization and structural vulnerability, I explicate how the Mexican and Canadian states facilitated the continuation of capital accumulation in agriculture through the subjugation of Mexican workers. I seek to contribute to the nascent literature on the pandemic in relation to temporary-labor migration programs, Mexican migrant workers, and the racialization of workers to produce a tractable and cheap labor force.

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29

Vidal, Michel, Jean Simonneaux, and Ralph Levinson. "The role of myths in students discussing ‘pest’–agriculture relations." Cultural Studies of Science Education 16, no. 4 (November 25, 2021): 1197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11422-020-10013-9.

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Pant, Krishna P. "Effects of Labour Migration on Poverty and Agricultural Growth in Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 14 (December 1, 2013): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v14i0.19789.

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Increasing labour shortage in agriculture sector and contribution of remittance on poverty reduction has raised the importance of studies on employment, poverty and agricultural growth nexus. The study explores the effects of foreign employment on poverty and agricultural growth. The study using time series secondary data for 19 years fitted econometric models at sectoral level to establish the effects of migration on poverty and agricultural production. It also compares agricultural output elasticity of foreign employment and assesses the role of foreign employment on the relationships between growth, poverty and agricultural development. The results show that migration decreases poverty and at the same time decreases agriculture production. But, the decrease in agriculture gross domestic product per unit of labour migrated is smaller than the per capita remittance. The study does not dwell on the social and cultural effects of the labour migration. The results will be useful for decision makers to devise sound policies on migration, poverty and agricultural development.

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Shapiro, David. "A Descriptive Overview of Traditional farms and farm Households in Zaire." Review of Black Political Economy 18, no. 2 (September 1989): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02895235.

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This article provides a descriptive overview of a number of characteristics of farms and farm households in traditional Zairian agriculture. Information is provided regarding household size, farm size, crops cultivated, livestock, participation by men and women in various agricultural activities, overall participation in agriculture and in nonagricultural activities by age and sex, and utilization of nonhousehold labor inputs. In addition, regression analysis reveals that household labor inputs, household size and composition, and geographic location are all important determinants of area under cultivation. At the margin, women's contribution to area cultivated is nearly twice as great as that of men.

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Vennila, Soorya, and K. Ramesh. "Women’s Labour and Sustainable Agriculture." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 26, no. 3 (October 2019): 385–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971521519861190.

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This article looks at the participation of women in irrigated agriculture in 32 districts of Tamil Nadu and found exceptional involvement in these three districts, which are topographically different from each other, namely Kanyakumari, Nilgiris and South Arcot. The study asked—how does contemporary agriculture support female participation and in turn how does this keep agricultural labour supply and food security sustainable? A range of research methods were used to explore the rationale for exceptional female participation in irrigated agriculture. It concluded that such participation arises because of the existing pattern of labour supply primarily by landowning farm women and labourers. This as a result of male preference for widespread skilled jobs, subsequent changing labour pattern due to male migration, matrilineal property ownership, cropping intensity, multi-tasking of women and the coordinated effort of women’s groups (SHGs) in accessing micro-credits. Finally, subsidies and incentives have further altered and effected greater labour supply of women in agriculture.

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Francks, Penelope, and Richard H. Moore. "Japanese Agriculture: Patterns of Rural Development." Monumenta Nipponica 46, no. 1 (1991): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2385160.

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Seale, James L., and Robert G. Williams. "Export Agriculture and the Crisis in Central America." Hispanic American Historical Review 67, no. 2 (May 1987): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2515039.

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McNeill, J. R. "The Origins of Agriculture in the Lowland Neotropics." Hispanic American Historical Review 83, no. 3 (August 1, 2003): 575–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-83-3-575.

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36

Pelling, Ruth. "Garamantian agriculture: the plant remains from Jarma, Fazzan." Libyan Studies 39 (2008): 41–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900009997.

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AbstractExcavations at Jarma, associated with the ancient capital of the Garamantes, Garama, in the Fazzan, southern Libya, have recovered a long sequence of charred and desiccated plant remains. The archaeobotanical analysis of the samples have provided an insight into the crop plants cultivated by the Garamantian period occupants of Jarma, and the nature of crop processing activities, plant use and disposal. A broad range of cereal, fruit and fibre crops have been identified which demonstrate both winter and summer season cultivation in the region from the end of the first millennium BC. A sophisticated arable regime relying on foggara irrigation was practised.

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Seale, James L. "Export Agriculture and the Crisis in Central America." Hispanic American Historical Review 67, no. 2 (May 1, 1987): 344–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-67.2.344.

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Vlaskina, Nina. "The Ritual Year of the Nekrasov Cossacks in Turkey and in Russia: Reflecting on the Adaptation to New Environments." Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore 87 (December 2022): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/fejf2022.87.vlaskina.

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The Nekrasov Cossacks belong to an ethno-confessional group that had to cope with adaptation to new environments several times. This happened due to multiple rounds of migration. Originating mainly from the southern Russian provinces with agriculture as a predominant type of economy, we would expect them to follow the agricultural calendar well, but ethnolinguistic expeditions to the Nekrasovites in 2010–2013 showed only some remnants of these motifs in the descriptions of the ritual year. Analyzing the causes of this, the article traces the Nekrasovites’ adaptation to the changing natural, economic, religious, and cultural context. The author pays attention to the different dominant in their economy in Turkey, where fishing acquired a higher status than agriculture. In addition to this, climatic differences between Turkey and southern Russia are noted, because they may underline the fact that some of the calendar omens and agricultural prescriptions may have lost their relevance. The necessity of religious consolidation of the Christians in the Turkish Muslim community led to the elaboration of the confessional dominant in the Nekrasovites’ ritual year, which maintained its stability even later, in the atheistic Soviet state. After their re-emigration to Russia, the Nekrasovites adapted to the rules of the new Soviet atheistic society and another round of changes in the predominant activities, since part of them settled in the region specializing in viticulture and winemaking. The changes in the ritual system, which followed their migrations, are analyzed in the article.

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Beresford, Melanie. "Vietnam: Socialist agriculture in transition." Journal of Contemporary Asia 20, no. 4 (January 1990): 466–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00472339080000261.

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Salleh, Halim. "State capitalism in Malaysian agriculture." Journal of Contemporary Asia 21, no. 3 (January 1991): 327–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00472339180000231.

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Fibriansari, Rizeki Dwi, Arista Maisyaroh, and Eko Prasetya Widianto. "Ability to Report Emergency at Farmers in the Agriculture Area." NurseLine Journal 6, no. 2 (November 17, 2021): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/nlj.v6i2.23383.

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Background: Low knowledge and motivation about using personal protective equipment on farmers can cause workplace accidents. Upper limb injuries comprise 67% of all injuries, and the most active parts are fingers (43%). Due to the high number of injuries among farmers, the community needs emergency services where this emergency condition requires immediate health services to reduce mortality and prevent disability. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the factors that affect farmers ability to report daily emergencies in the agricultural area of Lumajang. Methods: The design of this study was cross-sectional. The research respondents were 62 farmers who were taken by purposive sampling. Data collection used a questionnaire consisting of knowledge of injury recognition, management, and emergency events reporting. Data analysis was bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test. Results: Knowledge of farmers recognizing injuries with good categories as much as 92% (p = 0.042), knowledge of farmers doing injury management as much as 80.6% in good category (p = 0.000), and knowledge of reporting of daily emergency events in agricultural areas as much as 61, 3% is moderate (p = 0.000). Recognizing the causes of injury of farming areas will increase farmers' knowledge in managing injuries to seek assistance in handling victims quickly and accurately with useful reporting techniques. Conclusion: The ability to report emergency events in the agricultural area is still in an adequate category. We must continuously improve the socialization of standard operational procedures (SOP) regarding effective communication in reporting injury incidents at PSC 119 Lumajang District. Services provided are fast, precise, responsive, and alert to prevent disability and save someone's life from death.

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Szabó, Árpád. "Agriculture, work and products: The effects of the market on the economics of an agricultural settlement." Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 58, no. 1 (June 2013): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aethn.58.2013.1.11.

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Ferenczi, Tibor. "Integration and disintegration trends in European agriculture." European Legacy 1, no. 2 (April 1996): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10848779608579440.

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Thompson, Guy, Dickson A. Mungazi, and L. Kay Walker. "Colonial Agriculture for Africans: Emory Alvord's Policy in Zimbabwe." African Studies Review 42, no. 3 (December 1999): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/525227.

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Miller, Chris. "Gorbachev’s Agriculture Agenda: Decollectivization and the Politics of Perestroika." Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 17, no. 1 (2016): 95–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/kri.2016.0007.

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Dyer, C. "REVIEW ARTICLE: ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO THE HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE." Past & Present 168, no. 1 (August 1, 2000): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/past/168.1.254.

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Quitt, Martin H., Lois Green Carr, Russell R. Menard, and Lorena S. Walsh. "Robert Cole's World: Agriculture and Society in Early Maryland." William and Mary Quarterly 50, no. 1 (January 1993): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2947252.

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Jackmond, Gregory, Dionne Fonotī, and Matiu Matāvai Tautunu. "Did Sāmoa have intensive agriculture in the past? New findings from LiDAR." Journal of the Polynesian Society 128, no. 2 (June 2019): 225–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15286/jps.128.2.225-243.

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Banda, Paul. "Agriculture: The Backbone of the African Economy." International Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences, Environmental Studies & Technology 7, no. 1 (March 7, 2022): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijarssest.v7.i1.06.

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Agricultural production, of both crop and animal husbandry, has been part and parcel of the livelihoods of African societies since about 8,000 BCE (Before the Common Era). The early focus was on the production of cereals (such as wheat, millet, and sorghum) and root crops (especially yams). There was also a transition towards the domestication of wild animals such as cattle, goats, sheep, and camels. Such transitions occurred in different phases in various parts of the continent. To date, agriculture remains the backbone of most sub-Saharan African economies, contributing an average of about 25 percent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This exploratory research examines the role of agriculture as the backbone of the African economy.

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Myszograj, Sylwia, and Ewelina Płuciennik-Koropczuk. "Environmental Aspects of Sustainable Agriculture." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 32, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 410–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2022-0065.

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Abstract Agricultural policy in the European Union at Community level, as well as in the member states, increasingly emphasises the issue of sustainable agriculture. The pursuit of climate neutrality requires a reduction in emissions from agricultural sources. Above all, it is necessary to fully exploit the potential of agricultural and forestry areas to increase carbon sequestration in biomass and soil, optimise systems for the storage, transport and use of livestock manure, and significantly improve energy efficiency and increase the share of renewable energy in plant and livestock production. Rural areas, and in particular agriculture, are also seen as one of the main and important sources of pollution and eutrophication of water. Determining the correct way to assess the degree of sustainability of farms requires objective and feasible to determine measures and indicators of socioeconomic-environmental sustainability and a lot of analysis, methodological and practical research. To date, no uniform set of sustainability indicators has been developed and their selection depends on data availability.

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