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Graça, A. "The MED-GOLD project: Advanced user-centric climate services for higher resilience and profitability in the grape and wine sector." BIO Web of Conferences 12 (2019): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191201005.
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Agriculture is primarily driven by weather. Forecast climatic conditions will further increase its vulnerability to crop failure and pest damage. Nowhere will this have consequences as dramatic as in the Mediterranean Basin. The challenge here is how to increase resilience of this complex ecological, economic, and cultural heritage in an era of decreasing resources and climate change. Climate services have the potential to support the transition towards a climate-resilient and low-carbon society. The MED-GOLD project will demonstrate the proof-of-concept for climate services in agriculture by developing case studies for three staples of the Mediterranean food system: grape, olive and durum wheat. The new climate services for agriculture developed by MED-GOLD will provide targeted information to companies that will allow them to act over longer time periods (months, seasons or even decades into the future) that go beyond the traditional 2–5 days provided by current weather forecasts. The cumulative benefit of MED-GOLD will range from enhancing agricultural management to supporting and informing policy-making at the Mediterranean, European and global levels. This is because olives, grapes, and durum wheat are grown across the globe and produce the raw materials for global food commodities such as olive oil, wine and pasta.
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Vinci, Giuliana, Sabrina Antonia Prencipe, Ada Abbafati, and Matteo Filippi. "Environmental Impact Assessment of an Organic Wine Production in Central Italy: Case Study from Lazio." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 21, 2022): 15483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215483.
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Growing awareness of environmental sustainability in the agri-food sector has enhanced the gradual shift toward less-impactful food and organic production systems. In 2021, nearly three million hectolitres of organic wine were produced which accounted for 6% of the whole wine production in Italy (50.2 million hectolitres); thus, registering an increase of almost 60% in the last three years. The economic and cultural importance attributed to Italian wine production worldwide represents a key factor to assess and reduce the environmental burdens associated with the activities of this industry. Furthermore, literature studies have highlighted consumer sensitivity for sustainable winemaking processed, and there is even a trend towards eco-friendly wines. In particular, the bottling stage has been identified as an impactful stage for the environmental performance of the wine life cycle. This study examined the environmental impact assessment of organic wine production in the Lazio region, by performing a “cradle-to-gate” approach according to the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. High-quality inventory data for one year of operation was obtained directly from the farming company, “Tenute Filippi” (Cori, Lazio, Italy), and the wine process considered the input from grape cultivation to the winery phases. In these regards, the study also provided an impact assessment for the primary packaging of a 0.75 L wine bottle, with contributions from the different life cycle stages. The results showed a total amount of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) of 1.1 kg CO2 eq, that are responsible for climate change. Referring to the individual production input, the primary packaging phase accounted for 55% of the total GHGs, with 0.86 kg CO2 eq per bottle, followed by agricultural fuel use for grape production and harvesting activities, with 0.30 kg CO2 eq. Building on these results, the study provides recommendations on the selection of the most significant and relevant indicators for the environmental life cycle impact assessment, thus, identifying possible hotspots in the wine sector.
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Kulaipbekova, Akerke, Alma Chamaevna Katasheva, Akmeiir Zhengiskyzy Zhenisova, and Aigerim Uakitkyzy Baibekova. "Study of invertase biosynthesis during fermentation by strain Aspergillus niger L-4." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 107, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg3/99-108.
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The use of enzymes or microorganisms in food products is a long-standing process. With the development of technology, new enzymes have been developed with a wide range of uses and specifics, and a new field of applications is still being studied. Microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, and micromycetes and their enzymes are widely used in food preparations to improve taste and texture; they provide economic benefits for industry. The production of microbial enzymes has such advantages as simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and stability. The study of enzymes is of particular interest since enzyme preparations are widely used in various industries: agriculture, medicine, and genetic engineering. Enzymes of microbial origin as biocatalysts accelerate the process at a rate and order of magnitude higher than inorganic catalysts. This article examines the ability of the strain of micromycete Aspergillus niger L-4 — producer of citric acid to synthesize the enzyme invertase when cultured on a nutrient medium consisting of hydrolysate of rye grain grinding. Based on the study of invertase biosynthesis, it was found that the most preferable and cost-effective option for hydrolysis of rye grain grinding is the use of dosages of enzyme preparations: celloviridin — 4 units/g, amylosubtilin — 2 units/g and β-glucanase — 3 ed/g. Under these conditions, the content of soluble carbohydrates was (%): DE — 43.7±3.4, glucose — 16.8±1.3, maltose — 76.8±3.8, dextrins — 6.4±0.5 and the amount of acid is higher than in the variant without beta-glucanase.
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Galipeau, Brendan A. "Balancing Income, Food Security, and Sustainability in Shangri-La: The Dilemma of Monocropping Wine Grapes in Rural China." Culture, Agriculture, Food and Environment 37, no. 2 (December 2015): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cuag.12054.
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Classens, Michael. "City Farmer: Adventures in Urban Food Growing." UnderCurrents: Journal of Critical Environmental Studies 18 (April 27, 2014): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2292-4736/38548.
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City Farmer: Adventures in Urban Food Growing.By LORRAINE JOHNSON. D. & M. Publishers Inc., 2010. $19.95Reviewed by Michael ClassensWhile the title of Lorraine Johnson’s most recent book may seem like a disjointed juxtaposition, an ill-conceived utopian fantasy, or both, it is only fleetingly so. Despite the considerable and colliding pathologies of the contemporary food system—adequately summarized in the book— |Johnson forcefully argues that small-scale ‘city farmers’ are the vanguard of an emerging transformation of the contemporary food system. True, in the aggregate, city farming remains more prefigurative than productive, however Johnson’s choice to see the socio-political and ecological benefits of small scale food production is itself an affirmative political maneuver. She’s acutely aware of the formidability of re-inscribing the contemporary food system with more just and sustainable attributes, but also understands that starting in the here-and-now is perhaps the only rational choice in the face of such a challenge. Given that ours is an increasingly urbanized world, the ‘here’ is more often than not an apartment balcony, a neighbourhood park, a building rooftop, a front yard, or a back alley. These are the interstitial—and not inconsequentially, un-commodified—spaces of the urban condition. Johnson’s trick is to reveal the potential in these sometimes derelict, often unassuming spaces, while she concomitantly urges us to re-imagine our own relationship to them. We are all urban farmers, she assures us, and the city is our fertile, however discontiguous, field. Part ‘how to’ manual, part philosophical tract, and part urban adventure travel log, City Farmer reads like a contemporary reorientation guide to our cities-as-farms. And like many good mash-up genres, the strength of this book is in its breadth. Johnson takes us on an extensive urban-ag tour and introduces us to urbanites-cum-farmers tilling everything from yards, balcony containers, and community garden plots, to the less conventional back alley parking spaces, underground bunkers, and even floating barges. Along the way, she punctuates these real-world stops with conceptual and instructional vignettes providing everything from step-by-step briefs on how to start a community garden and how to build a compost bin, to lists of plants that thrive in low-light conditions and instructions detailing how to make wine and jelly from foraged urban edibles. While not the explicit focus of the book, issues of urban policy provide an inevitable backdrop to Johnson’s exploration. Of course policy in the neoliberal city cleaves toward that which best facilitates the circulation and accumulation of capital, tending to favour the spectacle of high-rise condo developments and gentrification over designations of land use for non-commercial, nano-scale farming. Through the realm of urban policy, then, local production of food is brought into conversation with the global forces of commercial real estate development and transnational circuits of capital. While Johnson only sparsely addresses this confrontation head on, the tension flows throughout the book. Her critique of neoliberal urbanism is rarely more incisive on this front than in her treatment of the contradictory posture urban policymakers tend to take in response to urban foraging, guerrilla gardening in neglected urban spaces, and back-yard chicken raising. These are the frontiers of urban food production, propelled in effect (though not necessarily in spirit) by self-reliant individuals. But if self-reliance really is what drives neoliberal policy, then why aren’t governments enabling urban food production? If neoliberal efficiency is predicated on deregulation and less government, then why are city governments so heavily regulating the front and back yards of taxpayers?This is not to suggest that Johnson pursues these lines of argument to their often reactionary ends. She comes nowhere close to defending the frighteningly de rigueur sentiment of contemporary conservatism. On the contrary, she positions the ongoing regulatory resistance to forms of extra-legal urban agriculture as a way to expose the disconnect between the rhetoric and actual practice of neoliberalism. Every time a permit to grow food on a neglected parcel of land is denied, private ownership, individualism, and speculative land investment are reified as the operatics of urban governance. Here Johnson steers us toward a corollary—that urban agriculture can indeed confront the many tendencies of neoliberal capitalism. Transforming the contemporary food system and fundamentally altering the ways our cities are organized is, as Johnson readily admits, hefty weight for a radish, tomato plant, or box of home-grown lettuce to carry. Yet her careful documentation of the dozens of projects, policy initiatives, organizations, and individuals tirelessly working at the intersection of social transformation and urban food growing, somehow stunts the audacity of the symbolic weight she bestows upon the spoils of urban agriculture. If Paul Robbins is right, and manicured lawns (along with their considerable political economy) have played a crucial role in inscribing the modern (sub)urban cultural subject, Johnson reveals the possibility of something altogether different. It’s not just a material transformation of the neglected, marginal, or simply ignored urban sites with the potential to act as micro-farms that Johnson is calling for. Instead she asks that we think about the kinds of social and cultural change farming cities would demand of us, and dares us to consider what kind of subjects we’d become if, those among us that are able to, got our hands a little dirty.Work CitedRobbins, Paul. Lawn People: How Grasses, Weeds, and Chemicals Make Us Who We Are. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2007. Print~MICHAEL CLASSENS is a PhD Candidate in the Faculty of Environmental Studies at York University. His work deals mostly with the political ecology of food and agriculture, and figuring out why his Swiss chard keeps dying.
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Casadó-Marín, Lina, and Verónica Anzil. "The semiotics of wine. Analysis of wine-related cultural consensus in two Spanish wine-producing regions." International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science 28 (June 2022): 100536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2022.100536.
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Rognså, Guro Helgesdotter, Morten Rathe, Mikael Agerlin Petersen, Knut-Espen Misje, Dagmar A. Brüggemann, Margrethe Hersleth, Morten Sivertsvik, and Jens Risbo. "From wine to hollandaise sauce: Does the nature of the wine or wine reduction influence sensory attributes?" International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science 9 (October 2017): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2017.06.003.
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Rodrigues, Heber, and Wendy V. Parr. "Contribution of cross-cultural studies to understanding wine appreciation: A review." Food Research International 115 (January 2019): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.008.
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Feinberg, Rebecca. "Uprooting wine." Food, Culture & Society 23, no. 5 (October 12, 2020): 551–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15528014.2020.1807800.
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Fuentes-Fernández, Rosana, Javier Martínez-Falcó, Eduardo Sánchez-García, and Bartolomé Marco-Lajara. "Does Ecological Agriculture Moderate the Relationship between Wine Tourism and Economic Performance? A Structural Equation Analysis Applied to the Ribera del Duero Wine Context." Agriculture 12, no. 12 (December 13, 2022): 2143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12122143.
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The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of wine tourism activity on economic performance in the wine context of Ribera del Duero (Spain), as well as the mediating effect of ecological agriculture on this link. To this end, a conceptual model is proposed based on the literature review carried out and contrasted through structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) with data from 263 wineries, which in turn represent the population under study. The study results allow for us to empirically demonstrate the positive and significant relationship of wine tourism on performance, as well as the partial mediation of ecological agriculture in this relationship. The study thus contributes to the academic literature in a remarkable way given that, to our knowledge, there are no previous studies that have addressed the mediating role of ecological agriculture in the wine tourism–economic performance link. However, the research also suffers from certain limitations. In particular, given the relevance of the study, it is necessary to broaden its geographical scope so that, as a future line of research, it is proposed to contextualize the model proposed in the California wine industry, being able to subsequently establish similarities and differences in the Old and New World.
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Heller, Chaia. "Another (Food) World Is Possible." Anthropological Journal of European Cultures 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ajec.2011.200106.
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If the post-war industrial model entails a mix of technological and chemical interventions that increase farm productivity, then post-industrial agriculture (emerging in the 1970s) constitutes agricultural surpluses, as well as an array of trade, aid and biotechnology practices that introduce novel foodstuffs (processed and genetically modified) on an unprecedented scale. While industrial agriculture reduces the farming population, the latter gives rise to new sets of actors who question the nature and validity of the industrial model. This essay explores the rise of one set of such actors. Paysans (peasants) from France's second largest union, the Confederation Paysanne, challenge the industrial model's instrumental rationality of agriculture. Reframing food questions in terms of food sovereignty, paysans propose a solidarity-based production rationality which gives hope to those who believe that another post-industrial food system is possible.
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Balogh, Jeremiás Máté, and Attila Jámbor. "The global competitiveness of European wine producers." British Food Journal 119, no. 9 (September 4, 2017): 2076–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2016-0609.
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Purpose Comparative advantage is an important indicator in the analysis of international trade flow; however, in empirical studies on agriculture it is often neglected. The purpose of this paper is to analyse global comparative advantage in the European Union (EU) wine industry and to test the duration and stability of trade indices. Design/methodology/approach The paper applies the theory of comparative advantages by using the Balassa indices to European wine trade (based on the 16 biggest producers) data from the period 2000-2013. Moreover, it applies stability and duration analysis on comparative advantages calculated. Findings Results suggest that Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain are the highest ranked European wine producers in the world market and have the largest comparative advantages. However, duration and stability tests indicate that trade advantages have weakened for the majority of these countries. The paper discusses a number of reasons for this downturn, including changes to Common Agricultural Policy wine regulation, economic crisis, and the rise of New World wine producers. Originality/value The originality of the paper is that it applies the theory of comparative advantage to top wine exporters in the EU. The paper also makes valuable contributions to the wine literature by analysing the duration and stability of comparative advantage in the global wine trade. Moreover, the identification of industry-specific causes for changing patterns in comparative advantage in the EU might be important to the wine industry.
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Van Gorp, Baldwin, and Margot J. van der Goot. "Sustainable Food and Agriculture: Stakeholder's Frames." Communication, Culture & Critique 5, no. 2 (May 16, 2012): 127–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-9137.2012.01135.x.
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Doncieux, Antoine, Olivier Yobrégat, Scott Prudham, Sophie Caillon, and Delphine Renard. "Agrobiodiversity dynamics in a French wine-growing region." OENO One 56, no. 4 (November 24, 2022): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2022.56.4.5557.
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Agrobiodiversity is a promising nature-based solution in the pursuit of sustainable agriculture. In wine-growing systems, commercial pressure and varietal regulations have narrowed agrobiodiversity in vineyards despite higher diversity being an important buffer against the effects of climate change. If drivers of grape diversity change are well-understood at national to global scales, little is known about the local, past or anticipated trajectories that drive agrobiodiversity dynamics depending on growers’ cultural values, practices and choices. We combined quantitative agricultural census data and qualitative ethnographic approaches to characterise changes in the diversity of grape varieties from 1960 to 2020 at the communal and vineyard levels in a French wine-growing region, and to decipher the drivers of change. We highlight that vineyards have drastically changed in 60 years, with a decline in planted area and in farm number. We outline that despite a loss of varietal richness across both vineyard and communal scales, varietal richness remains high and evenness have increased across geographic scales in 2020. Ethnographic field observations emphasize that growers account for external drivers (e.g., market changes, regulation and policy, technology, environmental), but also cultural values when they choose which grape varieties to plant. Grape diversity was maintained despite market integration as an insurance to spread production risk, mitigate market volatility and address environmental uncertainties. Securing livelihoods in the midst of market changes has been a major concern for growers over the last six decades and remains so. Despite a pessimistic future vision of the vineyard shared by most growers, the Gaillac region has a cultural heritage that values diversity and that thereby supports adaptation to climate change. We expect that environmental factors may play a more important role in grape selection and planting sites in the future under the influence of climate change and pesticide reduction policies. In order to expand individual initiatives resulting in diversified grape selection, growers need to be better connected with stakeholders at a variety of institutional levels.
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Savchenko, I. V. "Conservation Agriculture in High Quality Food Production." Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences 89, no. 2 (March 2019): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1019331619020199.
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Rosen, Baruch, and Etan Ayalon. "Vinegar in the Wine Cellar: Food Distribution at Fort Arad 600 BCE." Tel Aviv 48, no. 2 (July 3, 2021): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2021.1958621.
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Spence, Charles, and Qian Janice Wang. "What does the term ‘complexity’ mean in the world of wine?" International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science 14 (December 2018): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2018.10.002.
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Blesh, Jennifer. "Nature's matrix: linking agriculture, conservation and food sovereignty." Journal of Peasant Studies 40, no. 4 (July 2013): 786–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2013.824742.
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Backa, Andreas. "“My Responsibility, My Food”." Ethnologia Fennica 47, no. 2 (December 22, 2020): 54–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.23991/ef.v47i2.88801.
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This article examines views on meat, slaughter and human-animal relations in the contemporary self-sufficiency trend. The point of departure of the analysis is ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with individuals striving towards becoming more self-sufficient in the region of Ostrobothnia, Finland. The focus is on the interviewees’ narration of their practices and experiences of animal husbandry, and more specifically on the role of affect and body in the killing of animals for human consumption. The material is analysed utilising cultural analysis inspired by phenomenology, and the findings are discussed from the perspective of post-domesticity. The analysis shows how the interviewees negotiate and justify their choices regarding meat, and why they prefer self-sufficiency farming and home slaughter to industrial agriculture and slaughter. This form of small-scale animal husbandry is characterised by affective relationships between bodies, which counteract the processes of post-domestic modernity that generate disconnectedness between animal and human, food and origin, producer and consumer.
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Rabadán, Adrián. "Consumer Attitudes towards Technological Innovation in a Traditional Food Product: The Case of Wine." Foods 10, no. 6 (June 12, 2021): 1363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061363.
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Food innovation is crucial for food companies in order to produce healthier, safer, and more convenient foods. However, there is a segment of consumers reluctant to accept new foods. This attitude is even more important when those novelties are developed in products such as wine that have habitually relied on heritage and traditional production as their main competitive advantage. In this study, consumer attitudes toward innovation in the wine industry were evaluated by simultaneously considering product neophobia and process neophobia. Based upon a sample of 400 personal interviews with Spanish wine consumers, the results showed that these two aspects of neophobia were uncorrelated, meaning they are useful to measure different aspects of general food neophobia. Cluster analysis showed that four different segments of consumers exist, with different attitudes toward technological innovation in the wine industry. The consumer segment that shows the most positive attitudes toward wine innovation (product and process innovation) is that with the highest income and highest level of education. Moreover, greater involvement with the product (wine) results in lower product neophobia. Therefore, future studies should consider product involvement and exposure to cultural diversity as essential factors when evaluating food neophobia.
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Ivanova, Teodora, Yulia Bosseva, Mihail Chervenkov, and Dessislava Dimitrova. "Enough to Feed Ourselves!—Food Plants in Bulgarian Rural Home Gardens." Plants 10, no. 11 (November 19, 2021): 2520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112520.
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The home garden is a unique human-nature interspace that accommodates a diverse spectrum of plant species and provides multiple services to households. One of the most important roles of home gardens is to shelter the agricultural plant diversity that provides for diverse and healthy nutrition, especially in rural communities. While tropical home gardens have received wide recognition due to their provisional function for the local communities, temperate and especially European home gardens have been discussed less frequently as a source of subsistence. The main objectives of the current study were to document plant species grown in Bulgarian rural home gardens and to explore related local knowledge and cultural practices that influence food plant diversity, its selection and preservation. Field work was focused on settlements situated in eight provinces in South and North-West Bulgaria. Participants representing 65 home gardens were approached through semi-structured interviews. Home gardens were found to harbor 145 cultivated and semi-cultivated plant taxa, used as food, medicinal and aromatic plants and as animal fodder. Members of the Rosaceae family were most numerous. The largest part of the garden area was occupied by vegetable crops of Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae. In 63.1% of the studied households, the food growing area comprised more than 2/3 of the total size of the garden. Most preferred crops reflected the social and cultural importance of food self-provisioning, especially in the rural areas. The provisional role of the home gardens in regard to preparation of traditional foods and the driving forces for seed saving are discussed.
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Abaka, Edmund, and Kwaku Obosu-Mensah. "Food Production in Urban Areas: A Study of Urban Agriculture in Accra, Ghana." African Studies Review 44, no. 3 (December 2001): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/525607.
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Bynum, Caroline Walker. "The Blood of Christ in the Later Middle Ages." Church History 71, no. 4 (December 2002): 685–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640700096268.
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In one of our earliest descriptions of meditation on the crucifix, Aelred of Rievaulx (d.1166) described the body on the cross, pierced by the soldier's lance, as food and urged the female recluses for whom he wrote not only to contemplate it but also to eat it in gladness: “Hasten, linger not, eat the honeycomb with your honey, drink your wine with your milk. The blood is changed into wine to inebriate you, the water into milk to nourish you.” Marsha Dutton, who has written so movingly of Cistercian piety, speaks of this as a eucharistic interpretation of the literal, physical reality of the crucifixion and points to the parallel with Berengar of Tours' oath at the synod of Rome in 1079: “The bread and wine which are placed on the altar … are changed substantially into the true and proper vivifying body and blood of Jesus Christ our Lord and after the consecration there are the true body of Christ which was born of the virgin … and the true blood of Christ which flowed from his side … in their real nature and true substance.”
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Ilieva, Rositsa T., Nevin Cohen, Maggie Israel, Kathrin Specht, Runrid Fox-Kämper, Agnès Fargue-Lelièvre, Lidia Poniży, et al. "The Socio-Cultural Benefits of Urban Agriculture: A Review of the Literature." Land 11, no. 5 (April 23, 2022): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11050622.
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Despite extensive literature on the socio-cultural services of urban open spaces, the role of food-producing spaces has not received sufficient attention. This hampers advocacy for preserving and growing urban agricultural activities, often dismissed on justifications that their contributions to overall food supply are negligible. To understand how the social benefits of urban agriculture have been measured, we conducted a systematic review of 272 peer-reviewed publications, which drew on insights from urban agriculture sites in 57 different countries. Through content analysis, we investigated socio-cultural benefits in four spheres: engaged and cohesive communities, health and well-being, economic opportunities, and education. The analysis revealed growth in research on the social impacts of gardens and farms, with most studies measuring the effects on community cohesion and engagement, followed by increased availability and consumption of fruits and vegetables associated with reduced food insecurity and better health. Fewer studies assessed the impact of urban farming on educational and economic outcomes. Quantifying the multiple ways in which urban agriculture provides benefits to people will empower planners and the private sector to justify future investments. These findings are also informative for research theorizing cities as socio-ecological systems and broader efforts to measure the benefits of urban agriculture, in its many forms.
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Postigo, Vanesa, Margarita García, Juan Mariano Cabellos, and Teresa Arroyo. "Wine Saccharomyces Yeasts for Beer Fermentation." Fermentation 7, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7040290.
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Multiple studies in recent years have shown the potential of Saccharomyces wild yeasts to produce craft beers with new flavour profiles and other desirable properties. Yeasts isolated from food (wine, bread, kombucha…) have shown potential promise for application in brewing. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of 141 Saccharomyces yeast strains isolated from the Madrilenian agriculture (from grapes, must, wine, vineyard, and cellars) to produce a novel ale beer. Fermentation activity of the strains was compared against the commercial strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae Safale S-04. In addition to the other aspects such as melatonin production, thirty-three volatile compounds belonging to higher alcohols, esters, aldehydes/cetones, acids, lactones and phenolic groups, were analysed by GC for selection of the strains. Ten strains were finally chosen, among which the most relevant was the strain G 520 showing a higher production of esters, higher alcohols and acids compared with S-04. The apparent attenuation for this strain was lower than commercial strain, which translates into more residual sugars. Furthermore, G 520 was more capable of producing significantly higher amounts of melatonin studied by HPLC, as well as showing a higher antioxidant capacity. Consumer study showed that G 520 strain could be used to produce a potential beer that has a place in the current market.
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El-Khoury, Gabi. "Agriculture and food security in Arab countries: selected indicators." Contemporary Arab Affairs 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2013.777216.
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El-Khoury, Gabi. "Agriculture in Arab countries: selected indicators." Contemporary Arab Affairs 9, no. 4 (October 1, 2016): 644–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2016.1244943.
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In line with the global trend, this statistical file assumes that the Arab countries are in a situation where they must find ways of feeding the growing population with a limited amount of land and water and other natural resources. It also assumes that the population in the Arab region is becoming increasingly urban. This represents a clear challenge for the region to ensure that agricultural communities are able to contribute to ensuring that expanding urban populations have access to safe and nutritious food, recognizing the crucial role of agriculture in reducing rural poverty, malnutrition in poor countries and, at the same time, contribute to sustainable development. Table 1 introduces statements on the rural population, while Table 2 gives figures on agricultural labour forces. Table 3 provides figures on total and cultivated areas, while Table 4 presents statements on land use. Table 5 is concerned with agricultural production and its contribution to gross domestic product (GDP), while Tables 6 and 7 present statements on agricultural and food imports and exports. Figures on Arab countries' contribution to the food gap value, self-sufficiency ratio (SSR) in main agricultural products and on the proportion of the under-nourished in Arab countries and their ranking in the Economist Intelligence Unit's Global Food Security Index (GFSI) 2016 are shown in Tables 8–10 respectively.
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Lawrence, Peter, Ronald Cohen, Naomi Chazan, and Timothy M. Shaw. "Satisfying Africa's Food Needs: Food Production and Commercialization in African Agriculture." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 24, no. 1 (1990): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485600.
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Balanza, Rafael, Pilar García-Lorda, Carmen Pérez-Rodrigo, Javier Aranceta, Mònica Bulló Bonet, and Jordi Salas-Salvadó. "Trends in food availability determined by the Food and Agriculture Organization's food balance sheets in Mediterranean Europe in comparison with other European areas." Public Health Nutrition 10, no. 2 (February 2007): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007246592.
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AbstractObjectiveThe aims of this study were to assess the changes that have occurred in food patterns in Europe over the last 40 years based on food availability data and to compare the stability of the traditional Mediterranean diet in the south of Europe in this period.DesignAn ecological study carried out on the basis of Food and Agriculture Organization food balance sheets for three geographical areas of Europe (Mediterranean, north and east) over two time periods: 1961–1963 and 1998–2000. The average availability of total energy, energy provided from macronutrients and food groups was calculated for each area and each period studied.ResultsOver the last 40 years total energy availability and energy availability from lipids have increased considerably in the three European areas, while the percentage of energy from carbohydrates has fallen. The greatest changes have occurred in Mediterranean Europe, with an increase of 20.1% in total energy availability, an increase of 48.1% in energy availability from lipids and a fall of 20.5% from carbohydrates. Moreover, Mediterranean Europe showed a significant fall in the energy supplied by cereals (29.9%) and wine (55.2%), while the contribution of milk (77.8%) and dairy products (23.6%) increased.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that European Mediterranean countries should take nutrition policy action to maintain their traditional healthy food pattern, with a cultural added value. This implies actions at all levels, including raising awareness of consumers, collaboration with the food sector and a call to set the agenda of the concerned politicians and stakeholders.
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Zheng, Xiangchun. "Narratingterroir: the place-making of wine in China’s southwest." Food, Culture & Society 22, no. 3 (April 12, 2019): 280–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15528014.2019.1596435.
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Tabarintseva-Romanova, K. M. "The Italian model of humanitarian diplomacy." Diplomaticheskaja sluzhba (Diplomatic Service), no. 12 (December 7, 2022): 458–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2206-05.
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Тhe term humanitarian diplomacy is undergoing a number of changes in the political discourse of international relations. Already, various states and international organizations are investing in it with diff erent content. In this article, we will look at how Italy, the ancestor of the modern diplomatic system, puts into practice humanitarian diplomacy in the broad sense of the term. If initially the concept of "humanitarian diplomacy" meant only "providing humanitarian assistance to vulnerable segments of the population during a confl ict and victims of natural or man-made disasters", today it is already a whole umbrella concept that includes a wide palette of humanitarian cooperation on an ongoing basis in such areas such as: culture, science, education, youth, tourism. Particular attention is paid to the institutionalization of humanitarian diplomacy in the process of "transformation" of the foreign policy system of the Italian Republic. In addition, the author studies the cultural and scientific component of the international activities of the state on the example of cooperation with such "vulnerable" regions as: Africa and the Mediterranean. As the analysis of plans and reports of the relevant Italian structures, namely: the Ministry of Foreign Aff airs and International Cooperation, the Italian Cooperation Agency, showed, the main areas for cooperation in the humanitarian sphere are: education, fundamental research on environmental issues, agriculture, clean water and gender policy. In fact, activities in the fi eld of humanitarian diplomacy cover most areas of a universal, comprehensive nature. It is concluded that the Italian model of humanitarian diplomacy follows the global "trends" of reforming the ministries of foreign aff airs, and also "creates" its own practices of diplomatic discourse — legal and "hybrid" diplomacy, which, unfortunately, are not currently widely used and in its essence, in the first case, it is part of a multilateral (conventional), and in the second, it is rather a characteristic than an independent form of foreign policy activity, in the extreme case, a part of public diplomacy.
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Gupta, Gauri Shankar. "Land Degradation and Challenges of Food Security." Review of European Studies 11, no. 1 (January 25, 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v11n1p63.
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Land degradation has emerged as a serious problem during the last few decades. Soil fertility has declined considerably in many parts of the world due to intensive agriculture, over-grazing, water pollution, increasing use of fertilizers and pesticides, salinization, deforestation and accumulation of non-biodegradable waste. Vast tracts of land are facing desertification. Climate change is further aggravating land degradation, soil erosion and soil fertility. Evidence suggests during the last 6-7 decades over 35 percent of arable land has been degraded due to human induced activities. Soil being the natural medium for plant growth supports all life on earth. Rapidly increasing population, growing food-waste and declining soil fertility are posing serious challenges to humanity for future food security. Therefore, land degradation must come to a halt. Education, changes in agricultural policy and technological innovations are instruments that should be used for restoration of degraded land and stop further land degradation.
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Dewey, Peter. "Book Review: Food for War: Agriculture and Rearmament in Britain before the Second World War." War in History 10, no. 4 (October 2003): 493–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096834450301000412.
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Koroļova, Jeļena, and Sandra Ūdre. "AIZGAVIEŅS AND МАСЛЕНИЦА ( SHROVETIDE ) IN LATGALE : TRADICIONS OF LATGALIAN AND OLD-BELIEVERS." Via Latgalica, no. 5 (December 31, 2013): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2013.5.1640.
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The collective memory better than the individual memory holds the form (actions, words, formulas, scripts) than the matter (why it’s done). That is also true about aizgavieņs and масленица (Shrovetide), the archaic seasonal-rite feasts celebrated in Latgale. Nevertheless in the survey made by Rēzekne University College within the framework of ESF project “Linguo-Cultural and Socio-Economic Aspects of Territorial Identity in the Development of the Region of Latgale” (tilra.ru.lv) 1308 respondents (out of 1959, including 102 questionnaires in Russian) acknowledged Shrovetide as one of Latgalian identity features. In the list of 466 items (well-known people, places, traditions, realias, fi xed phrases, words etc) it holds 67th place. The aim of the work is to describe in comparative aspect the Latgalian and the Old- Believers’ traditions of the time before fasting, stressing syncretism of pagan, Christian (denominationally different) and ideological elements, using linguo-cultural approach. For the work published and unpublished materials of Latgalian folklore as well as the materials of Daugavpils University expedition about Old Believers and for comparing some materials of ethnographic studies in Pskov district (Мехнецов 2002; Прауст 2009) have been used. For all the Indo-European peoples, as they are agricultural people, the rhythm of life and work depends on the solar cycle; for an archaic human being it is the only system of reference frame. Acts of nature determine the quality of life all the year – the harvest should supply food till the next season. Preparing for the new agricultural season (the end of winter) is archaic New Year in modern understanding (Пропп 1995: 33), for archaic people to whom calendar doesn’t exist. Both at Shrovetide and at New Year’s Eve people read fortune about future spouse and the popular beliefs are very similar. Both Latgalians and Old Believers have popular beliefs connected with land tending at New Year eve fortunetelling, for example: at New Year’s Eve they went to crossroads to sow fl ax and later waited that at dream the future husband would come to tend land for flax. Other position: Масленица is the amount of summer solstice and other spring rituals (Клейн 2004: 312). For Slavic people the fertility of land is closely connected with prosperity and mercifulness of its inhabitants. Ritual food and wine is put for the shades, they are asked to come to fire, and they are asked for forgiveness, the graves are visited. For Catholics this time is not the time of commemorating the dead, so Latgalians encourage the growth of the most important for their culture plant – flax – with ritual actions. Most popular beliefs put down in Latgale are related to riding down a hill in a sledge as far as possible or with a horse travel far from home – so the flax grow as long as those ridings. In Latgale not only traditional sledges, but also ladonkys and skretels are used for riding. Ladonkys is a sleigh cut from ice with a hole for a rope and a groove for sitting, where a blanket is put. Seretels is a stake put in low wet place (to freeze in winter) in autumn to which at Shrovetide a pole is attached so the sleigh could be tied to it and spins round. The parade of disguised develop the topic of fertility in a social context. For Shrovetide a superfluity is typical both in entertainment and in food, but the timeline is strictly kept up. Latgalians prepare mainly meet dishes. They eat nine or twelve times and each time they eat meet. Slavic people celebrate Shrovetide for a week, they taste fat dishes, but they don’t eat meet at that time. The symbol of the Shrovetide menu is a pancake, which is the most ancient flour dish and the dish of Cult of the dead, it symbolizes prosperity and satiety. The Shrovetide menu of Latgalians is also unimaginable without it. Catholic fasting starts exactly at midnight of Ash Wednesday when merry-making and easy- time stops. Old-Believers fasting starts on Monday. Archaic ceremony is getting forms of mass events, since even in the conditions of Soviet ideology beginning since 50s of the 20th century, масленица has been celebrated as a farewell to winter with well-known for children Grandfather Frost (Дед Мороз) and The Snow Maiden(Снегурочка), with singing songs, playing games, horse races and horse- riding. Since 90s of 20th century all national groups living in Latgale have been integrated in the celebration of Shrovetide. In 1995 the public disguise event Daugavpils International Masque Festival has been launched where not only local national groups, but also guests from abroad demonstrate their national traditions. The celebration of Shrovetide has got the forms of mass cultural events emphasising its connection to certain place or specific aim of the initiators, for example: the songfest “Aizgavēnī cīmā braucam” (“In Shrovetide we vent on a visit”) of quires and folk companies in Vabole, the meeting of amateur theatres “Aizgavēņa grīztovōs“ (“In the gin-pole of Shrovetide”) in Līvāni (2011), the meeting of performance companies of Rēzekne Schools “Griešanās Aizgavēnī“ (“Rotation in Shrovetide”), “Aizgavieni” (“Shrovetide”) in Baltinava Secondary School; at the same time the restriction of social tradition as well as professional accomplishment can be traced.
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Báti, Anikó. "Organic farm, organic food steps towards a sustainable agriculture (with Hungarian and Slovenian examples)." Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 62, no. 2 (December 2017): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/022.2017.62.2.1.
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Jimoh, Musa Omotayo, and Opeoluwa Funlola Kole. "Quality acceptability of wine produced from fermented tiger nut drink fortified with coconut milk." Research Journal of Food Science and Nutrition 7, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/rjfsn2021.135.
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In some parts of the world, tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) tubers are widely used as a healthy food for both human and animals due to nutritional, functional and medicinal properties of the crop. This study is designed to evaluate quality attributes and acceptability of fermented tiger nut drinks fortified with defatted coconut milk and date syrup. Milk was extracted from the sprouted tiger nut tubers, mixed with defatted coconut milk in ratio of 90:10, 80:20 and 70:30 respectively and date syrup was added to taste. Each sample was allowed to ferment for 24, 48 and 72 hours with the addition of 1 g of yeast (Sacharomyces cerevisiae). Sprouted and unfermented tiger nut milk without coconut milk and date syrup was taken to be control experiment. The results of physic-chemical properties of the drinks showed that temperature (23.7 – 30.5°C), pH (2.54 – 3.20), Brix (3 – 5°), specific gravity (0.86 – 1.05 g/cm3), alcohol content (0.53 – 7.61%), iodine value (0.11 – 0.67), saponification value (20.89 – 68.86) and viscosity (780 mPa.S -1560 mPa.S). There was no microbial growth in all the samples for six months except A48 sample that had 1.00 cfu/g in week 4, 3.90 cfu/g in week 5 and 10.50 cfu/g in week 6. At p≥0.05 significant level, there was no significant difference in all the sensory attributes of most samples. Fermented tiger nut provides alternative drink with relatively low alcohol content compared to bottled wines in the market.
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McLachlan, K. S. "Food supply and agricultural self-sufficiency in contemporary Iran." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 49, no. 1 (February 1986): 148–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00042579.
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Iran was preeminently and agricultural country until recent times. Growth of oil production, exports and revenues during the course of the twentieth century led increasingly to it playing an expanded but rather geographically and economically restricted role in the structures of both employment and national income. As late as the 1960s, more than half of all Iranians in gainful employment were to be found in agriculture or related activities and most Iranians were essentially rural dwellers. Only with the advent of land reform and other upheavals in the countryside from 1961 was there a marked change in the situation. Whatever its other merits, land reform overthrew a form of equilibrium in rural areas that had previously fostered conservatism, isolation and immobility. Among the changes brought in the train of reforms enforced by the central authorities beginning in the early 1960s were displacement of population at an accelerating rate. Rural People left agricultural employment and, as soon as opportunity presented itself, moved from the villages to the towns.
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Tkachenko, O. "COMPLEX EVALUATION OF GRAPES FOR THE TERROIR WINES PRODUCTION." Bulletin of Uman National University of Horticulture 2 (December 2020): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2310-0478-2020-2-89-94.
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. The influence of changes in agro-climatic conditions of grape growing on the wines quality in the conditions of LLC “ITC Shabo” is studied in the paper. For the past two decades, scientists around the world have been concerned about the effects of climate change. Studies of the global climate change impact on agriculture have already covered a significant area of global food crops. Growing grapes more than growing any other plant depends on climatic conditions, soil condition, temperature in certain periods of vegetation and development. This requires a particularly careful approach to the territorial location of wine production, including in terms of varietal. As a result of research, the qualitative characteristics of red grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, white varieties: Pinot Gris, Rhine Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay and Telti Kuruk were analyzed in order to justify production of the Shabo terroir wines. Comparative analysis of data obtained from the white and red wine materials study, allowed to establish ranges of their chemical composition variation. Compliance of wine products with the regulatory documentation requirements primarily characterizes the qualitative characteristics of wine materials. The scientific concept provides taking into account by the winemaker a set of natural, climatic conditions and agricultural techniques for a particular area of the vineyard from which the wine is produced. The main task of this approach is to maximize display and preserve in wine individual characteristics, as display of a complex of terroir descriptors with obligatory preservation of descriptors of a grape variety.
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Komisar, June, Joe Nasr, and Mark Gorgolewski. "Designing for Food and Agriculture: Recent Explorations at Ryerson University." Open House International 34, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2009-b0007.
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Strategies to enable alternative urban food systems cannot be developed alone by those involved with the production and distribution aspects of food systems. It is important for architects, landscape designers and planners to be part of the process of conceiving and implementing innovative food-system thinking. Environmentally focused building standards and models for sustainable communities can easily incorporate farmers' markets, greenhouses, edible landscapes, permeable paving, green roofs, community gardens, and permaculture and other food-related strategies that complement energy generation and conservation, green roofs, living walls, and other approaches that have been more commonly part of sustainable built-environment initiatives. Recently, architecture faculty and students at Ryerson University in Toronto and at a number of other universities have been exploring the intersection of these disciplines and interests. This paper will show how Ryerson tackled agricultural and food issues as design challenges in projects that included first-year community investigations, student-run design competitions, third-year studio projects and complex final-year thesis projects. These projects that dealt with food issues proved to be excellent entry points for addressing a range of design challenges including social inclusion, cultural context, community design and sustainable building practices.
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Armstrong, Frank. "Beef with potatoes: food, agriculture and sustainability in modern Ireland." Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature 115C, no. 1 (2015): 405–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ria.2015.0010.
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Frank Armstrong. "Beef with potatoes: food, agriculture and sustainability in modern Ireland." Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section C: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, History, Linguistics, Literature 115C (2015): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3318/priac.2015.115.05.
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Vennila, Soorya, and K. Ramesh. "Women’s Labour and Sustainable Agriculture." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 26, no. 3 (October 2019): 385–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971521519861190.
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This article looks at the participation of women in irrigated agriculture in 32 districts of Tamil Nadu and found exceptional involvement in these three districts, which are topographically different from each other, namely Kanyakumari, Nilgiris and South Arcot. The study asked—how does contemporary agriculture support female participation and in turn how does this keep agricultural labour supply and food security sustainable? A range of research methods were used to explore the rationale for exceptional female participation in irrigated agriculture. It concluded that such participation arises because of the existing pattern of labour supply primarily by landowning farm women and labourers. This as a result of male preference for widespread skilled jobs, subsequent changing labour pattern due to male migration, matrilineal property ownership, cropping intensity, multi-tasking of women and the coordinated effort of women’s groups (SHGs) in accessing micro-credits. Finally, subsidies and incentives have further altered and effected greater labour supply of women in agriculture.
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Eschevins, A., A. Giboreau, P. Julien, and C. Dacremont. "From expert knowledge and sensory science to a general model of food and beverage pairing with wine and beer." International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science 17 (October 2019): 100144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2019.100144.
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Pavoni, Andrea. "Profanating Gastro-Normativity." Cultural Politics 16, no. 3 (November 1, 2020): 367–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/17432197-8593564.
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This article explores the making and tasting of wine through the anonymous processes of nonhuman consumption that participate in the production of its relational ontology (the terroir) and shape its visceral encounter with the human tongue (taste). First, the author defines a notion of consumption that is neither reduced to the human, the subjective, or the phenomenological nor dematerialized into sociocultural or politico-economic anthropic schemes. Second, he explores wine’s terroir as a prism through which to challenge the two main ideologies that frame the contemporary wine world: a normative territoriality premised on spatio-legal frameworks, and a consumer-oriented marketing approach. Third, the author introduces the natural wine movement, an umbrella term loosely gathering different wine makers who share a common reaction against those ideologies. In the constellation of thinking, making, and tasting that constitute the movement, he finds the lineament of a strategic materialism that aims to make visible and is open toward the agency of the nonhuman matter, and which does so by addressing simultaneously wine’s terroir and taste, by means of profanating their taken-for-granted normativity. The article concludes by suggesting that this strategy may hold promising insights for implementing radical food politics in the age of agro-industrial capitalism.
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Rodriguez-Manas, Francisco. "Agriculture, Ṣūfism and the State in Tenth/Sixteenth-Century Morocco." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 59, no. 3 (October 1996): 450–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00030597.
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The tenth/sixteenth century was undoubtedly one of the most turbulent periods in the history of Morocco. Throughout the century the country was ravaged by civil strife, foreign occupation of some of its coastal regions and widespread social turmoil. Dynastic conflict between the two main contenders for the throne—the Wattasid vizierate and the Saՙdiyans—did not cease until the middle of the century. The prolonged warfare drained the economic resources of the country and crippled commercial activity. The crisis was especially acute in the countryside where the protracted political unrest disrupted agricultural activity. Sizable tracts of farmland were left uncultivated or were ruined by marauding gangs of brigands who plundered the peasants of their crops and cattle. As well as man-made damage, agricultural output was hit by a series of natural calamities (drought, plagues and scarce harvests), while intermittent outbreaks of epidemic decimated the population of certain districts. The results were catastrophic: famine became endemic in certain regions; previously fertile lands were abandoned and their soils became unsuitable for cultivation; trade in agricultural produce gradually ebbed; the price of foodstuffs rose to exorbitant levels and traders resorted to speculative practices, hoarding grain and other agricultural produce to inflate their value. The stagnation of agriculture led to a sharp demographic decline in the rural population and a substantial influx of migrant peasants into urban centres or rural areas less affected by scarcity. Entire rural communities were uprooted. Pauperism and mendicity proliferated in many regions as scores of impoverished peasants and herdsmen abandoned their indigenous lands and roamed the countryside in search of food.
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Thompson, Jennifer Jo, and Ashley Stinnett. "Confronting the Goldilocks Problem: Encountering “The Middle” in Anthropological Studies of Food and Agriculture." Culture, Agriculture, Food and Environment 40, no. 2 (October 21, 2018): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cuag.12173.
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Turinek, M., S. Grobelnik-Mlakar, M. Bavec, and F. Bavec. "Biodynamic agriculture research progress and priorities." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 24, no. 2 (May 27, 2009): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174217050900252x.
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AbstractBiodynamic (BD) agriculture became the subject of research efforts during the past decades, whereas a part of the scientific community looks at the BD method with skepticism and marks it as dogmatic. Nevertheless, as explored in this review, a fair share of the available peer-reviewed research results of controlled field experiments as well as case studies show effects of BD preparations on yield, soil quality and biodiversity. Moreover, BD preparations express a positive environmental impact in terms of energy use and efficiency. However, the underlying natural science mechanistic principle of BD preparations is still under investigation. In addition, quality determination methods, based on holistic approaches, are increasingly being investigated and recognized. BD farming strives, as manifested in several publications, to positively impact cultural landscape design as well. Summarized data showed that further research is needed and thus encouraged in the field of food quality comparison/determination, food safety, environmental performance (e.g., footprints), and on the effects of BD farming practices on farm animals.
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Seales, Chad. "The System Will Not Be Labeled: gm Food Marketing and American Secularism." Journal of Religion, Media and Digital Culture 11, no. 1 (November 22, 2022): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21659214-bja10065.
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Abstract This article examines the lack of transparent labeling for Genetically Modified (gm) foods to show how the marketing of biotechnology obscures the relationship between the production and consumption of industrial agriculture. On the side of production, biotech corporations directly market gm seeds to farmers, to promote brand loyalty and protect proprietary claims. On the side of consumption, however, the biotech industry resists labeling gm ingredients of food products. The article argues that the producer/consumer split in gm food marketing is part of a broader American secularism that circulates a hidden religion of industrial biotechnology within cultural symbols of consumer freedom, personal choice, and moral goodness.
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Howard, Sarah. "SELLINT WINE TO THE FRENCH: OFFICIAL ATTEMPTS TO INCREASES FRENCH WINE CONSUMPTION, 1931–1936." Food and Foodways 12, no. 4 (October 2004): 197–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07409710490518537.
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Wincott, Abigail. "Treasure in the vault: The guardianship of ‘heritage’ seeds, fruit and vegetables." International Journal of Cultural Studies 21, no. 6 (October 4, 2017): 627–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877917733541.
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Crop heritage is a growing global phenomenon whereby people conceive of change to agriculture in terms of loss, issuing calls to safeguard what remains for future generations. This article seeks to understand what it means to think about food and the politics of its production and consumption through the frame of ‘heritage’ by interrogating a prevalent metaphor of plants and seeds as ‘treasure’. It argues the metaphor is more than decorative; it is strategic in producing certain conceptualizations of heritage value. While crop diversity is held to be important, and the great range of food plants a ‘common heritage of humankind’, the treasure metaphor is used in ways that impede the maintenance of that diversity, establishing seeds, plants and genes as precious materials best looked after by expert guardians in secure ‘vaults’, ‘banks’ and walled gardens. Thus this particular conception of ‘treasure’ as a universal good actually plays an important role in legitimizing and normalizing the privatization of crops heritage resources.