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1
Carstens, Anne-Marie. "The affirmative protection of cultural property during armed conflict." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617097.
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This thesis clarifies the nature, scope, and sources of rules governing the affirmative protection of cultural property during armed conflict. These rules include obligations to identify qualifying cultural property, 10 provide material protection to cultural property that is endangered or damaged by military operations, and to safeguard cultural property against destruction and misappropriation. These rules have emerged to supplement the well-entrenched rules of restraint that bar the unnecessary destruction and misappropriation of cultural property during armed conflict. This study traces the development of these rules in the law of armed conflict from the 1899 & 1907 Hague Conventions governing land warfare through the early 21st century. The historical analysis documents the emergence and progression of both conventional and customary rules. It additionally examines the continued validity of critical distinctions on which rules protecting cultural property rested a century ago: between actors from the State where the cultural property is located and actors on another's territory; between hostilities and occupation; and between international and non-international conflicts. Woven within this inquiry, the thesis explores transformative events and policy shifts that have motivated the evolution of rules la protect tangible representations of cultural identity. It considers the impact of developments in the means and modes of warfare, compares the development of protection of cultural property with the development of civilian protection, and examines the influence of the increasing emphasis on the 'cultural value' of protected property over the last century. The thesis concludes by identifying the principal factors that have shaped or com,1rained the development of rules of affirmative protection. It also provides a specific analysis of each of the duties of identification, material protection, and safeguarding. The conclusion details the rules of affirmative protection that exist in the contemporary law of armed conflict and identifies the trajectory of their likely future development.
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Ha, Man-tuen Angela. "Vernacular landscape design in Lung Yuek Tau." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25951622.
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Lee, Ka-yin Anna, and 李家賢. "Urban governance and cultural heritage conservation in Guangzhou." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206346.
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The pursuit of cultural heritage conservation is particularly problematic in China as the country has been undergoing substantial changes in its governance processes in the post-reform era. As the regime becomes less authoritarian and more pluralized, a multitude of stakeholders (both state and non-state), are now involved in promoting, constructing, challenging and safeguarding a variety of meanings and values in heritage. This thesis incorporates an urban governance lens to examine the policy and practical problems in conserving urban built heritage in contemporary China. This approach offers a new perspective in understanding the distribution of authority and power between the state and society as well as its effect on the management of public affairs. The reconfigurations of the role of the state, market and civil society have ushered in a new phase of urban politics that have enormous implications for built heritage conservation practices.
As a result of reforms, conventional stakeholders have assumed new roles in politics; meanwhile, an increasing variety and number of new stakeholders connected to the non-state sector have also emerged; and their relationships and interactions with the state have become increasingly complex. An urban governance perspective draws attention to the new arrangements embedded in these relationships, which have profoundly impacted the decision-making processes in conservation, re-shaped the interpretation of heritage values, re-defined the scope of heritage and re-thought the use of heritage in Guangzhou.
By employing a case-study approach, this thesis provides a detailed analysis of the conservation efforts undertaken by various stakeholder groups in Guangzhou in the post-reform era. Guangzhou is one of the country’s designated historic cities; it is also the provincial capital of Guangdong and has experienced rapid marketization over the past three decades. Three district-specific cases are selected to provide an in-depth analysis on the changing relationships among concerned stakeholders. The case of Shamian Island demonstrates the rigidity and constraints of central-local relation; while the case of Xinhepu discloses the evolving state-market relation. Finally, the case of Enning Road examines the rise of non-state stakeholders and their power struggle against the state. These cases were selected because each of them covers a particular heritage aspect that is directly related to the three-pronged national conservation hierarchical framework. The findings in the three cases respectively reveal the intricacies of conservation politics: the bureaucratic politics in the management and conservation of designated heritage; the struggle between state and society over what legitimate type of history is considered as “national” history and the maintenance of its local significance; and the operation-cum-conservation of heritage assets by market forces in China’s transitional economy.
The findings of this thesis contribute to a broadened understanding of the changing roles and functions of the state, market and civil society in China’s transitional period; thus revealing the major deficiencies in the existing institutional and managerial frameworks for built heritage conservation in Guangzhou. This thesis also documents the impacts and outcomes of the actions of various state and non-state stakeholders on the prospect of built heritage conservation at an urban scale in China.published_or_final_version
Geography
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
4
Adams, Fadlah. "The protection of cultural property during times of armed conflict: Have we failed Iraq?" University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8713_1181886894.
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Li, Sok-ching, and 李淑青. "Building sustainable cities: a comparative analysis of heritage conservation in Hong Kong and Macau." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45014103.
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Peleggi, Maurizio. "National heritage and nationalist narrative in contemporary Thailand : an essay on culture and politics." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/110979.
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In contemporary perception vestiges of the past are like endangered
species: the ones still surviving have to be protected to avoid their possible
disappearance. Hence, similar to animals under threat of extinction, relics
are kept in enclosed areas that safeguard and allow their display while lists
of crumbling monuments are drawn up to establish a Noah's Ark of
cultural remnants. Removed from daily vicissitudes, heritage becomes an
essential element of "extra-ordinary" life, holiday time, when visiting a
museum or an exhibition is a more likely event. Yet, just as captivity
changes animal behaviour, the survival of heritage in "cultural zoos" alters
its character and value. Furthermore, memory, which allows people to
relive their history, never has an idealistic nature. It always is a function of
present and particular perspectives, at the personal as well as at the
collective level. Nevertheless, conservation of ruins is nowadays
implemented with global aims under the formula of World Heritage, a list
of natural and cultural sites to maintain for future generations. World
Heritage has UNESCO as its great sponsor and national governments as its
main executor. It is thus clear that, despite the stress on antiquity from
which relics emerge and the posterity for which they are preserved, the
establishment and consumption of a world cultural heritage is a social and
cultural phenomenon which matters essentially in the present.
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Joinhas, Luzia Aparecida. "A Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade como um espaço de contradições : entre a memoria e o esquecimento." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287545.
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Orientador: Arleude BortolozziTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T17:23:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joinhas_LuziaAparecida_D.pdf: 42298501 bytes, checksum: 2ae25a18e905bf7f935cef4e72f80c3f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: A atual Floresta Edmundo Navarro de Andrade ¿ antigo Horto Florestal de Rio Claro ¿ SP, Brasil, é analisada nesta tese como um espaço de contradição, portanto entre a memória e o esquecimento. Acentuadas ao longo do tempo e decorrentes do processo histórico de produção, apropriação e usos do território, as contradições atuais apresentam-se ainda mais agravadas, devidos aos impactos ambientais da expansão urbana na sua área de entorno. Nesse sentido, tendo como fio condutor a história do Horto Florestal, esse trabalho procura ressaltar as relações sociais, econômicas, políticas, culturais e ambientais aí estabelecidas. Objetiva principalmente mostrar que o resgate da memória local ¿ individual e coletiva ¿ se faz necessário e urgente, para contribuir com a preservação do seu patrimônio cultural (bens construídos e a floresta). Este resgate da memória, no entanto deverá se dar na perspectiva de uma gestão integrada do território, compreendido como um conjunto inseparável entre o natural e o artificial. Considerando, portanto que objeto de estudo nesta tese compreende uma floresta urbana foi importante buscar uma integração entre sociedade e natureza por meio do entendimento dos aspectos técnicos e humanísticos. Assim sendo, procurou-se integrar uma análise documental (normas de legislação ambiental que regem a unidade de conservação) com as informações coletadas na pesquisa de campo a fim de detectar os conflitos existentes entre os desejos da população e o poder público local. Dessa forma, a Educação Patrimonial como suporte, poderá ser inserida no rol das ações que visem a combater o esquecimento do Horto Florestal por meio do fortalecimento da identidade cultural da população rio-clarense. Para a confirmação dessa hipótese foi importante dar vozes aos interlocutores, ou seja, os envolvidos na pesquisa, tais como: poder público local, os moradores, os visitantes e ONGs
Abstract: The Current Forest Edmundo Navarro de Andrade - former and antique Horto Florestal of Rio Claro - Brazil, is discussed in this thesis as a space of contradiction between memory and forgetfulness. Wide over time and arising from the production, ownership and territorial usage¿s historic process, current contradictions present themselves further aggravated due to the environmental impacts of the urban sprawl in its surroundings. In that sense, with the leitmotif on the Horto Florestal story, this work emphasizes the established social, economic, political, cultural and environmental relations. It aims mainly showing that local memory redemption - individual and collective - is necessary and urgent to contribute to the preservation of its cultural heritage -"the forest itself and its builted assets."This memory rescue, however should be given the perspective of a territorial integrated management, understood as an inseparable set between natural and artificial. Considering that the study object in this thesis abroads an urban forest, it was important to seek an integration between society and nature through both technical and humanistic aspects understanding. Therefore, it has striven to integrate a documentary analysis (standards of environmental legislation governing the conservation unit) with the information collected in the field to identify the conflicts between population demands and local public power. Thus, patrimonial education as a support may be included in the list of actions aimed at combating Horto Florestal forgetfulness, through ¿Rio-clarense¿ population cultural identity strengthening. For this hypothesis confirmation it was important to give an active voice to the interlocutors, namely those involved in research, such as: local public power, residents, visitors and NGOs
Doutorado
Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial
Doutor em Ciências
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梁順祥 and Shun-cheung Xylem Leung. "Wanchai Gap Road revitalization." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31980879.
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Esan, Olajumoke Ibironke. "The relevance for sustainable development of the protection of intellectual property rights in traditional cultural expressions." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1579_1297941616.
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This research work addresses the problem being faced by developing countries in the commercial exploitation of their traditional cultural expressions (TCEs) by third parties without giving due attribution to nor sharing benefits with the communities from which these TCEs originate. This problem stems from the inability of customary law systems which regulates life in such communities to adequately cater for the protection of these TCEs. The legal systems of the developing countries have also proven to be ineffective in the protection of TCEs from such misappropriation and unauthorized commercial exploitation. This mini-thesis examines how TCEs have been protected domestically through national legislation and internationally through treaties and proposes means by which they can be protected in a manner that would preserve them, while promoting the dissemination of those which can be shared without destroying their inherent nature. This mini-thesis thus explores avenues through which the protection of TCEs would contribute to economic and human development in developing countries.
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Hiranras, Nilobon. "The intellectual property and alternative legal protection for Thai cultural heritage properties, traditional knowledge and products." Thesis, Durham University, 2015. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11704/.
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This thesis comprises a study into whether the existing intellectual property regime, a sui generis system, or any adaptations or modifications of them have been successfully adopted for protecting both tangible and intangible cultural property and traditional knowledge of Thailand. How other developing countries have dealt with misappropriation issues and the limitations of the current intellectual property regime has also been studied. A number of concerns about and obstacles to traditional knowledge have been pointed out: the existing intellectual property system may have increased the risk of misappropriation or unauthorised use of traditional knowledge without consent; most developing countries have no comprehensive national policies or legal frameworks covering traditional knowledge; lack of effective legislation, authorities and mechanisms associated with intellectual property; the high cost of intellectual property procedures and management; the threat to the intellectual and cultural property rights of indigenous peoples; loss of cultural traditions/ articles and biodiversity; problems with maintaining and passing on cultural expression; as well as inequitable benefit-sharing and remedies. Intellectual property rights and traditional knowledge have become increasingly controversial globally, and sometimes they overlap. Due to the presumption that traditional knowledge is in the public domain, the current intellectual property rights regime can not efficiently and appropriately protect traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions/folklore, or provide equitable sharing for indigenous and local communities. Sometimes domestic legislation is insufficient, incompatible or in conflict with international intellectual property norms and policies. The most feasible solutions need to be rigorous, but flexible enough to cover the various forms of traditional knowledge and access to the generic resources of individual communities. Policy-making, development of categorisation and management of biodiversity data and local knowledge systems, effective strategies and mechanisms, international co-operation and support all need to be taken into consideration. It would be ideal to have a single legal system to protect all forms of intellectual property; unfortunately, in reality, this is impossible. However, depending on the capacity of governments and the readiness of their people, alternative or sui generis rights or a combination of any regimes of both preventive and positive protection could be developed and adapted and play a complementary role to balance the interests of all parties, while the general public can still access appropriate usage and benefits. Various ideas and alternative solutions from the different perspectives of international forums and other countries are gathered, analysed, proposed and recommended here for Thailand in particular.
11
Zografos, Daphne. "Origin related intellectual property rights as best policy option for the protection of traditional cultural expressions." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2008. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1780.
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Over the past few decades, the protection of Traditional Cultural Expressions (TCEs) has generated lively debates within the international community and the questions of whether TCEs should be protected by Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) and if so how, have been of increasing practical concern for TCEs holders and national policyrnakers in various countries. To date, however, work on the protection of TCEs has progressed slowly, and little has emerged in the way of concrete, binding law. Moreover, those instruments proposed as solutions appear unable to meet the range of concerns raised by TCEs holders and culturally-rich developing countries. Concerns raised by TCEs holders can be classified into four main categories. Firstly, they stress the difficulties they encounter in preventing and/or controlling the commercial use of their TCEs by third parties and in benefiting from this commercial isation themselves. Secondly, they express concerns about the inappropriate and offensive use of their TCEs. Thirdly, they wish to be attributed for their TCEs as well as have the possibility to object to any false attribution. Finally, they emphasise the need to ensure the identification and preservation of existing TCEs as well as their promotion, dissemination and continued evolution. The protection of TCEs was initially envisaged on a copyright model, because of the similarity of subject matter between copyright law and TCEs. However, although copyright law seems well suited to meet some of the needs and objectives of TCEs holders, it is limited in its potential for protecting TCEs. This thesis argues that "origin related intellectual property rights", such as trade marks, certification and collective marks and geographical indications, as well as passing off and laws against misrepresentation appear to be conceptually best suited for the protection of TCEs, because of their specific nature and characteristics. Such characteristics include the fact that they are usually produced within a community, which is often linked to a specific place, and according to traditional methods and know how transmitted from generation to generation, often using raw material from sustainable resources. In addition, this method of protection also seems to accommodate the fact that TCEs are usually already in the public 2 Abstract domain and to take into consideration some of the aims of TCEs holders such as the fact that they would like a protection that is unlimited in time. A system of protection based on origin related IPRs could offer practical advantages for TCEs holders since such category of rights used as such or with minor adaptations would enable them to obtain quick, practical and effective protection. In addition, there would be no need for the creation of a new sui generis IP or IP related system, which would take a long time to establish and may not be politically feasible anyway. The proposed approach will admittedly not address all the concerns of TCEs holders, but it will provide a balanced and workable compromise solution that could satisfy most of their concerns and policy objectives.
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鍾詠霞 and Wing-hang Joan Chung. "Development of cultural and natural trails in Tai O." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31980843.
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Wiryawiwatt, Charupan. "Museum of royal barge : the kingdom of Thailand /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25955809.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997.Includes special report study entitled: Water : the scientific and spiritual reading of water and its influences in Thai culture. Includes bibliographical references.
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Daya, Yusuf. "Intellectual property rights and the protection of traditional knowledge in Western Cape agriculture." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49992.
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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study analyses the extent to which the current intellectual property system is suited to the protection of traditional knowledge in the Western Cape. Employing a multidisciplinary approach that incorporates economic and legal theory as well as legal philosophy, this study argues that although advances in the fields of biotechnology has brought with it the need for greater intellectual property rights protection, the protection of traditional knowledge has largely been ignored. Traditional ethnobotanical knowledge holds immense economic value for both commercial entities seeking to develop products based on traditional knowledge as well as for the communities that possess such knowledge. Protecting traditional knowledge is necessary to ensure that the communities contributing their knowledge are recognized and compensated for such contributions. In order for a system to provide adequate protection for traditional knowledge it has to be consistent with and suited to the needs of traditional knowledge holders. This study therefore evaluates the prevailing system of knowledge protection as embodied in the intellectual property rights regime as a means of protecting traditional knowledge. The analysis reveals that the dominant justification for the existence ofIPRs is based on utilitarian considerations that promote IPRs as a necessary incentive encouraging innovative activity. This utilitarian justification also provides the basis for an economic justification for the existence of IPRs that suggests that the conferring of exclusive rights (in the form of IPRs) to innovators ensure that such innovators are able to recover their research costs and realize profits from their inventions. The IPR system as it exists is underpinned by these considerations and embedded in principles of individualism and private property. The WTO reinforces and promotes this approach to intellectual property in the TRIPs agreement by recognizing intellectual property as a 'trade related' issue. The inclusion of IPRs as a 'trade related' issue in the multilateral framework of the WTO reflects the interests of multinational corporations and developed nations who rely extensively on these mechanisms to maintain their power and wealth in an increasingly knowledge driven global economy. The exclusion of traditional knowledge within the TRIPs, coupled with the desire to extend patents to cover life forms is also indicative of this bias inherent in the system. South African intellectual property legislation is then applied to the traditional knowledge of an indigenous medicinal plant to test whether IPRs are able to provide adequate protection to traditional knowledge. In this regard it is found that patent protection, which could potentially provide the greatest form of protection for traditional knowledge is. not suited to the needs of traditional knowledge holders. Problems of identifying owners, determining inventors and novelty, time limited rights and costs all limits the potential of patents as a tool for protecting traditional knowledge. Similar constraints limit the potential of other categories of IPRs to provide protection for traditional knowledge. However, it was found that IPRs do provide a certain measure of defensive protection. The study therefore concludes that the IPR system as it exists, both in the international trade environment as well as at the national level, fails to adequately address the threat of appropriation and the concerns of traditional knowledge holders. Amending the IPR system and/or developing sui generis systems of protection are therefore necessary to ensure that the knowledge of communities are protected and such communities are able to benefit from the exploitation oftheir knowledge and resources.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie is om vas te stel in hoe 'n mate die huidige sisteem vir die beskerming van intellektuele eiendom geskik is vir die beskerming van tradisionele kennis in die Wes-Kaap. 'n Multidissiplinêre benadering, wat uit elemente van ekonomiese- en regsteorie sowel as regsfilosofie haal, is gevolg om te wys dat die beskerming van tradisionele kennis grootliks geïgnoreer is, alhoewel nuwe deurbrake in biotegnologie die behoefte skep vir groter bekerming van intellektuele eiendom. Tradisionele etnobotaniese kennis het geweldige ekonomiese waarde vir beide die kommersiële entiteite wat produkte uit sodanige kennis wil produseer sowel as vir tradisionele gemeenskappe aan wie die kennis behoort. Dus, indien sulke gemeenskappe voordeel wil trek uit hierdie kennis, is dit nodig dat hul bydraes erken moet word, en dat hulle daarvoor vergoed moet word. Sulke beskerming sal net doeltreffend wees indien dit aangepas is by die behoeftes van hierdie gemeenskappe. Dus word die huidige sisteem vir die beskerming van tradisionele kennis geevalueer in hierdie studie. Die ondersoek wys dat die sisteem vir die beskerming van intellektuele eiendom berus op die teoretiese basis van nutsmaksimering, waar die hoofdoel te vinde is in die bydrae wat dit kan maak tot ekonomiese welvaart deur middel van innovasie. In hierdie opsig word beskerming van intellektuele eiendom beskou as 'n manier waardeur die innoveerder sy navorsings- en ontwikkelingskostes kan delg en wins kan maak. Hierdie benadering word onderskryf deur die WTO in die TRIPS Ooreenkoms. In hierdie opsig word die belange van veral die ryk lande en die multinasionale maatskappye bevorder, 'n sleutelvoordeel in 'n wêreld waar kennis gepaardgaan met mag in die mark. Hierdie verskynsel word versterk deur die uitsluiting van tradisionele kennis van die TRIPS Ooreenkoms en die behoefte daaraan om patentregte uit te brei. Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing oor intellektuele eiendom word vervolgens toegepas op die geval van tradisionele kennis oor 'n inheemse medisinale plant om te toets of intellektuele eiendomsreg genoegsame beskerming aan tradisionele kennis bied. Daar is gevind dat patentregte, wat potensieël die grootste mate van beskerming sou kon bied, nie gepas is in die geval van houers van tradisionele kennis nie. Probleme wat voorkom sluit in die identifisering van eienaars, innoveerders en innoverings, die tydsbeperking op regte, asook kosteoorwegings. Ander vorms van beskerming is aan soortgelyke kritiek onderhewig, alhoewel bevind is dat intellektuele eiendomsreg wel 'n mate van defensiewe beskerming bied. Die gevolgtrekking word dus gemaak dat die huidige vorms van beskerming vir intellektuele eiendomsreg, beide internasionaal sowel as in Suid-Afrika, nie die belange van die houers van tradisionele kennis beskerm nie. Dit is dus nodig om die huidige vorms aan te spreek, of om sui generis beskerming te ontwikkel om hiervoor te sorg.
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Martin, Daniel Gordon 1963. "The Archaeological Resources Protection Act, other federal legislation, and the protection of cultural resources in the United States." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276621.
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Within the past 100 years, the protection of archaeological and other cultural resources have fallen in part under federal jurisdiction. The role of federal legislation and regulations, with particular emphasis on the Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979 (ARPA), is evaluated in terms of guidelines, application, and effectiveness. A history of federal legislation is presented, followed by an in-depth review and analysis of ARPA. The relevance and applicability of ARPA and other legislation is reviewed in terms of resource significance, definitions of archaeological material, logistics of law enforcement, and prosecution of violators. A case review is presented and analyzed. The roles of public archaeology and future legislation are discussed as they apply to continued efforts toward preservation of cultural resources.
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Kwan, Chun-wing Newton, and 關雋永. "Stakeholder engagement in cultural heritage management in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43981793.
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Van, Zyl Megan. "An Analysis of the objectives and general principles of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation's Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage." Cape Town, South Africa : Unitersity of Cape Town, 2005. http://lawspace.law.uct.ac.za:8080/dspace/handle/2165/61?mode=full.
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Kuti, Temitope Babatunde. "Towards effective multilateral protection of traditional knowledge within the global intellectual property framework." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6339.
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Magister Legum - LLM (Mercantile and Labour Law)Traditional Knowledge (TK) has previously been considered a 'subject' in the public domain, unworthy of legal protection. However, the last few decades have witnessed increased discussions on the need to protect the knowledge of indigenous peoples for their economic sustenance, the conservation of biodiversity and modern scientific innovation. Questions remain as to how TK can best be protected through existing, adapted or sui generis legal frameworks. Based on an examination of the formal knowledge-protection mechanisms (i.e. the existing intellectual property system), this mini-thesis contends that these existing systems are inadequate for protecting TK. As a matter of fact, they serve as veritable platforms for incidences of biopiracy. It further argues that the many international initiatives designed to protect TK have so far failed owing to inherent shortcomings embedded in them. Furthermore, a comparative assessment of several national initiatives (in New Zealand, South Africa and Kenya) supports an understanding that several domestic efforts to protect TK have been rendered ineffective due to the insurmountable challenge of dealing with the international violations of local TK rights. It is therefore important that on-going international negotiations for the protection of TK, including the negotiations within the World Intellectual Property Organisation's Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (IGC), do not adopt similar approaches to those employed in previous initiatives if TK must be efficiently and effectively protected. This mini-thesis concludes that indigenous peoples possess peculiar protection mechanisms for their TK within the ambit of their customary legal systems and that these indigenous mechanisms are the required anchors for effective global protections.
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Kuti, Temitope Babatunde. "Towards effective Multilateral protection of traditional knowledge within the global intellectual property framework." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6245.
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Magister Legum - LLM (Mercantile and Labour Law)Traditional Knowledge (TK) has previously been considered a 'subject' in the public domain, unworthy of legal protection. However, the last few decades have witnessed increased discussions on the need to protect the knowledge of indigenous peoples for their economic sustenance, the conservation of biodiversity and modern scientific innovation. Questions remain as to how TK can best be protected through existing, adapted or sui generis legal frameworks. Based on an examination of the formal knowledge-protection mechanisms (i.e. the existing intellectual property system), this mini-thesis contends that these existing systems are inadequate for protecting TK. As a matter of fact, they serve as veritable platforms for incidences of biopiracy. It further argues that the many international initiatives designed to protect TK have so far failed owing to inherent shortcomings embedded in them. Furthermore, a comparative assessment of several national initiatives (in New Zealand, South Africa and Kenya) supports an understanding that several domestic efforts to protect TK have been rendered ineffective due to the insurmountable challenge of dealing with the international violations of local TK rights. It is therefore important that on-going international negotiations for the protection of TK, including the negotiations within the World Intellectual Property Organisation's Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (IGC), do not adopt similar approaches to those employed in previous initiatives if TK must be efficiently and effectively protected. This mini-thesis concludes that indigenous peoples possess peculiar protection mechanisms for their TK within the ambit of their customary legal systems and that these indigenous mechanisms are the required anchors for effective global protections.
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Chan, Chi-yau, and 陳智柔. "Safeguarding intangible cultural heritage in Hong Kong: a lesson to learn from Cantonese opera." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4834428X.
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Intangible cultural heritage (henceforth ICH), a living expression of indigenous culture and traditions, have been orally transmitted through generations. As the heritage bearers are usually aged and have mere opportunities to pass on their knowledge to young practitioners, ICH are disappearing at a rapid pace. Safeguarding ICH is a battle against time.
Since the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (henceforth the Convention) was adopted in 2003, China has been proactive in participating in the Convention and safeguarding its ICH. Ratified the Convention on 2 December 2004, China was the sixth out of the 143 State Members deposited the Convention1. China’s prompt response to the Convention could show how determined she was in safeguarding its ICH.
Hong Kong agreed to apply the Convention in December 2004 but the early adoption of the Convention did not help Hong Kong to keep its pace on safeguarding ICH.
During the 6 years practice of safeguarding ICH since 2006, China had already built its ICH inventory through announcing 3 batches of National ICH List and inscribing 2500 plus elements, established a ICH Transmitters List with 1400 plus transmitters, and most importantly, adopted the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Law (henceforth the China ICH Law).
In contrast, Hong Kong has not even completed its territory-wide survey until now for its first batch of inventory, not to mention setting up a safeguarding ICH policy.
Hong Kong’s achievement in safeguarding ICH so far is inscribing Cantonese Opera onto The Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (henceforth the UNESCO Representative List) with joint effort from Macao and Guangdong in 2009; inscribing Cantonese Opera and Chinese Herbal Tea onto the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List (henceforth the National ICH List) with joint effort from Macao and Guangdong in 2006. However, the first time Hong Kong successfully inscribe ICH elements onto the National ICH List with its own effort was in 2011, five years after its ICH safeguarding ICH work kicked off.
Meanwhile, Hong Kong has paid a lot more effort in safeguarding Cantonese Opera. There have been research to preserve scripts and masterpieces; there is an advisory committee and a fund set up to dedicatedly support Cantonese Opera; new Cantonese Opera venues are developing by the Government; a programme developing young troupe for inheriting the skills from Cantonese Opera masters is set up.
In this dissertation, I will study the safeguarding ICH progress made in UNESCO, China, Hong Kong and safeguarding Cantonese Opera progress in Hong Kong in terms of different safeguarding measures as defined by UNESCO. From the comparison between the safeguarding progress of Hong Kong on ICH and Cantonese Opera respectively, answers can be found to improve the safeguarding ICH situation in Hong Kong.published_or_final_version
Conservation
Master
Master of Science in Conservation
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Goddard, Jennifer Lee. "Clandestined : understanding values and motivations for illegally hunting, digging and collecting artefacts in the United States Southwest." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610323.
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Cummer, Katherine Noelle. "Cultural mapping western Lockhart Road for insight into Hong Kong's drinking culture." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47092245.
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Cultural mapping is a technique in the field of conservation that is currently gaining popularity. Cultural maps provide a means to better understand an area and produce easily understood documentation of an area’s tangible and intangible cultural assets. These serve as an inventory for the local knowledge and resources of an area. As cities continue to grow and develop, it becomes ever more important to document local traditions and historical sites before they disappear and are forgotten. Cultural mapping provides the means to do this.
As the field of cultural heritage conservation has emerged and evolved in Hong Kong, numerous aspects of this city’s heritage and culture have been examined. These have included analyses of Hong Kong’s market culture, temples, food culture, architectural styles and local traditions. One aspect, however, that has been somewhat ignored is Hong Kong’s drinking culture. This is an unfortunate oversight since through the analysis of an area’s drinking culture, a greater understanding of an area as a whole can be achieved.
Lockhart Road has a history spanning eighty years and throughout this history it has had a reputation as an entertainment centre. A key feature of this entertainment has involved the consumption of alcohol. In a city such as Hong Kong that has witnessed much change over the last century, it is intriguing to find an area with such continuity in its tradition. It is on account of this that Lockhart Road is an appropriate study area in order to better understand Hong Kong’s drinking culture. This dissertation will focus on 20-86 Lockhart Road as its case study. The purpose is to analyse the area in order to understand its history and evolution, establish its tangible and intangible features, highlight the role and impact of drinking culture and thoroughly document the area to help in making decisions about its future and serve as a model for other similar studies.published_or_final_version
Conservation
Master
Master of Science in Conservation
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Spaolonzi, Maria Gabriella Pavlopoulos. "Tombamento e a justa composição para o patrimônio cultural." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21608.
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The aim of this study is the balanced protection of the rights reached by state intervention in the ownership of urban real estate in the form of tipping. To achieve this aim, in the first part, we discuss the concepts elevated to the constitutional guarantee. More precisely, on the elements that make up the concept of cultural heritage as well as the right to property. From the valorization of the right to culture, which is also constitutionalised, a new meaning of the social function of property is focused in order to conclude that property has lost its absolute character over the years. This research then visited the various forms of state intervention in private property to devote greater attention to tipping - the most important instrument of our legal system for the protection of cultural heritage. A special chapter was dedicated to the indemnification aspect of tipping to conclude that the aforementioned form of state intervention, often responsible for serious damage to the holder of the domain, accommodates itself in social resilience. From this conclusion, the study dealt with the right of indemnification of the individual and some forms of its concretization. The second part of the study devoted attention to the Vila Operária Maria Zéliae, located in the neighborhood of Belém, in São Paulo. This village was established more than one hundred years ago. This Villa suffers from the effects of the tipping since the 1980s. This state intervention has in many cases configured the total misconfiguration of the property with total damage to the cultural patrimony. For what possible solutions can concrete case await? The conclusion of the study highlights the need to apply instruments aimed at provoking the responsibility of the parties affected by the tipping. As for the particular, the need for it to be called to respond for the effective maintenance of the good even in the form of its provocation in the hypotheses in which it does not have the financial resources for such purpose. In relation to the Public Power, to respond for the damages caused not only to the particular but to the cultural patrimony in the situations in which it remains inert even when the hype and lack of knowledge of the owner of the domain was a known fact even before the concretization of his intervention in his property .
O objeto de estudo deste é trabalho é a proteção equilibrada dos direitos atingidos pela intervenção estatal na propriedade de bens imóveis urbanos, na forma de tombamento. Com esse propósito, discorre-se, numa primeira parte, sobre conceitos elevados à garantia constitucional. Mais precisamente, sobre os elementos que compõem o conceito de patrimônio cultural bem como o direito de propriedade. A partir da valorização do direito à cultura, igualmente constitucionalizado, foca-se um novo significado da função social da propriedade para se concluir que a propriedade perdeu, ao longo dos anos, seu caráter absoluto. Em seguida, esta pesquisa visitou as diversas formas de intervenção do Estado na propriedade privada para dedicar maior atenção ao tombamento – instrumento mais importante do nosso ordenamento jurídico para proteção do patrimônio cultural. Dedicou-se um capítulo especial ao aspecto indenizatório do tombamento para se concluir que mencionada forma de intervenção estatal, muitas vezes responsável por prejuízos graves ao titular do domínio, acomoda-se na resiliência social. A partir desta conclusão, o estudo versou sobre o direito indenizatório do particular e algumas formas de sua concretização. A segunda parte do trabalho dedicou atenção ao caso Vila Operária Maria Zélia, situada no Bairro do Belém, no Município de São Paulo. Constituída há mais de um século, esta Vila padece com os efeitos do tombamento desde a década de 1980. Referida intervenção estatal configurou, em muitos casos, a total desconfiguração do bem com total prejuízo ao patrimônio cultural. Por quais soluções possíveis caso concreto por aguardar? A conclusão dos estudos coloca em evidência a necessidade de aplicação de instrumentos voltados à provocação da responsabilidade das partes atingidas pelo tombamento. Quanto ao particular, a necessidade de o mesmo ser chamado a responder pela efetiva manutenção do bem inclusive na forma de sua provocação nas hipóteses em que não dispõe de recursos 8 financeiros para tal finalidade. Em relação ao Poder Público, para responder pelos prejuízos causados não apenas ao particular, mas ao patrimônio cultural nas situações em que se mantém inerte mesmo quando a hipossuficiência e o desconhecimento do titular do domínio era fato sabido antes mesmo da concretização de sua intervenção em sua propriedade.
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Anderson, Jane Elizabeth Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "The production of indigenous knowledge in intellectual property law." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Law, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20491.
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The thesis is an exploration of how indigenous knowledge has emerged as a subject within Australian intellectual property law. It uses the context of copyright law to illustrate this development. The work presents an analysis of the political, social and cultural intersections that influence legal possibilities and effect practical expectations of the law in this area. The dilemma of protecting indigenous knowledge resonates with tensions that characterise intellectual property as a whole. The metaphysical dimensions of intellectual property have always been insecure but these difficulties come to the fore with the identification of boundaries and markers that establish property in indigenous subject matter. While intellectual property law is always managing difference, the politics of law are more transparent when managing indigenous concerns. Rather than assume the naturalness of the category of indigenous knowledge within law, this work interrogates the politics of its construction precisely as a ???special??? category. Employing a multidisciplinary methodology, engaging theories of governmental rationality that draws upon the scholarship of Michel Foucault to appreciate strategies of managing and directing knowledge, the thesis considers how the politics of law is infused by cultural, political, bureaucratic and individual factors. Key elements in Australia that have pushed the law to consider expressions of indigenous knowledge in intellectual property can be located in changing political environments, governmental intervention through strategic reports, cultural sensitivity articulated in case law and innovative instances of individual agency. The intersection of these elements reveals a dynamic that exerts influence in the shape the law takes.
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Bly, Victoria. "Kyrkliga kulturminnen eller kyrkligt kulturarv? : En studie av kategorier och definitioners påverkan på fördelning av kyrkoantikvarisk ersättning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-302489.
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Swedish cultural heritage policies put heritage of the Church of Sweden in an exceptional position. It is protected by law and managed by the Church of Sweden which receives a yearly economical compensation from the Swedish government to assure a continued protection and care. The purpose of this study has been to examine categories and definitions that are used in the formulations of the protection of this part of the national cultural heritage. The study also analyses the values and motives behind the distribution, which is being regulated by said definitions. To achieve this, I have answered questions about to what kind of projects the compensation has been distributed, focusing on the appointed object and intervention categories. These classifications have been compared to the projects actual character, and also to official guidelines and policies. The results of the study show that the distribution of the government compensation follow official guidelines more often than not, but also that the project categorizations are frequently misguiding in comparison to the actual character of the projects. In written statements from the Swedish National Heritage Board and the Church of Sweden a dissonance regarding their respective value perspectives has been shown. The big difference is found in a question of definitions regarding the nature of the religious heritage in policy documents. Definitions of cultural heritage are crucial in heritage management. The classification stated in policy documents and used during the management of the heritage of the Church of Sweden, is also defining what is included. These classifications and definitions are part of the traditional western heritage management discourse. By using theoretical frameworks like Authorized Heritage Discourse the results of the study has been put in a perspective of using categories as way to manifest material heritage. This is a two years master’s thesis in Archive, Library and Museum studies.
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Santos, Carlos Murilo Prado. "O reencantamento das cidades : tempo e espaço na memoria do patrimonio cultural de São Luiz do Paraitinga/SP." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287049.
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Orientador: Maria Tereza Duarte Paes LuchiariDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: A sociedade contemporânea vem passando por um período de rápidas transformações em que a valorização do entretenimento, associado ao espetáculo, desponta como a grande panacéia do século XXI. O turismo como vetor de desenvolvimento econômico passa a ser divulgado e incorporado pelas políticas públicas e estratégias econômicas. Em um momento em que a produção de imagens assume uma posição estratégica no planejamento urbano, a espetacularização do patrimônio cultural passou a ser uma ferramenta primordial na refuncionalização do território com vistas ao desenvolvimento local por meio do desenvolvimento do turismo. Com o fito de desmistificar as construções simbólicas a respeito do turismo como a melhor saída ao desenvolvimento local e à preservação, procuramos analisar a atividade turística como uma prática que produz e consome espaço, buscando abordar o patrimônio como um conjunto de formas-conteúdo da cidade (Santos 2002), considerando o espaço uma construção permanente, resultante de um conteúdo social variável. Desse modo, baseado no processo de preservação e refuncionalização do patrimônio em função da atividade turística, buscamos realizar um diálogo entre ciência geográfica e o desenvolvimento local. São estas reflexões a respeito das novas funções e usos atribuídos ao patrimônio do lugar São Luiz do Paraitinga que orientam nossas pesquisas
Abstract: The contemporary society has been going through a period of fast transformations in which the appraisal of the entertainment, associated with the spectacle, appears as the big XXI century panacea. The tourism as a power of economic development turns to be promoted and incorporated by the public policies and economic strategies. In a moment in which the image production assumes a strategical position in the urban planning, the act of making the cultural patrimony a spectacle has started to be a primordial tool in the territory "refunctionalization" aiming the local development through the tourism development. With the purpose of desmystifying the simbolic constructions about the tourism as the best outlet to the local development and to the preservation, we endeavour to analyse the touristic activity as a practise that produces and consumes space, and we strive to treat the patrimony as a shapes-content assemblage (Santos, 2002), considering the space a permanent construction, offspring of a variable social content. Therefore, based in the process of preservation and "refunctionalization" of the patrimony subordinated to the touristic activity, we try to achieve a dialogue between the geographical science and the local development. These reflections around the new functions and usages attributed to the patrimony of São Luiz do Paraitinga are the ones which guide our researches
Mestrado
Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial
Mestre em Geografia
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羅安前 and Ann-chien Ann Lo. "Towards a new dimension of urban design in Hong Kong: the conservation of socio-cultural activities." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979816.
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Chan, Pak-hay Simon, and 陳柏熙. "The conservation of social culture in current planning process: the case of Sai Kung." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257884.
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Sant'Anna, Michele de Aguiar. "Intellectual property rights and protection of traditional knowledge : emerging challenges and the role of international legal order." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2291720.
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Kwon, Cherry. "La protection du patrimoine culturel : une comparaison entre la France et la Corée." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010321.
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Le patrimoine culturel est par sa nature une exposition de l'identité nationale ainsi qu'un symbole de la souveraineté. L'étude comparée sur cela offre donc la possibilité à des implications au-delà d'une comparaison des institutions concernées. Le système du patrimoine culturel de la France issu de la Révolution est en effet réputé à l'heure actuelle comme étant le plus développé au monde. La Corée, de l'autre côté du globe, ne cesse de poursuivre les mesures de réforme, notamment depuis l'entrée en vigueur de la loi relative à la protection des biens culturels en 1962. L'accent dans le présent travail a été mis sur le patrimoine et la terre, car le lien particulier entre ceux-ci est considéré comme un terrain fertile pour la comparaison. Compte tenu de la prédilection traditionnelle des français sur le terrain, l'analyse du patrimoine immobilier alimenterait de nouvelles perspectives pour la Corée. Il est à noter que si ledit patrimoine est celui « protégé », le patrimoine exclu de la protection, dit patrimoine non protégé, entre dans le champ de cette étude. Certes, la présence du régalien est dominante en la matière par rapport à d'autres domaines culturels. Pour autant, en France a entamé une politique de décentralisation culturelle en 1982 et 1983 ; ce mouvement s'accélérant dans les années 2000. A l'opposé, la politique patrimoniale coréenne se trouve encore dans les mains de l'Etat. Les personnes privées comme les fondations et associations ont adhéré à la démarche du patrimoine culturel et les activités de mécénat et de partenariat public-privé ne sont plus inconnues en la matière. Somme toute, la protection du patrimoine va reposer, en premier lieu sur la conciliation de l'intérêt public et des intérêts privés, en deuxième lieu sur celle de l'intérêt national et de l'intérêt local et, en troisième lieu, sur celle de l'intérêt des générations passées, présentes et futuresCultural heritage is by its own nature an exposition of national identity as well as a symbol of sovereignty. Thus a comparative study on it would give rise to implications beyond the relevant institutions. The cultural heritage system of France, a culmination of the Revolution, has indeed held an enduring reputation as the most sophisticated one in the world. Korea, on the other side of the globe, has been pursuing ambitious reform measures, ever since the enactment on the Protection of Cultural Property in 1962. Emphasis in the present work has been placed on the cultural heritage and the land. The reason is that the unique relationship of the two is believed to be fertile ground for comparison. Traditional attachment in France to the land in case of tangible or material cultural “patrimoine” would very well bring about fresh perspectives to Korea. It is to be noted that those cultural properties, not classified as “protected” ones thus falling out of the umbrella, are also dealt with rather extensively. One may find that state intervention or engagement is much more conspicuous in case of cultural heritage, as compared to other areas of culture. Decentralization epitomizes the administration of cultural “patrimoine” in France since 1980s, whereas role of the central government dominates in Korea, although foundations, associations and MECENATs are on the rise in numbers and activities. Lastly the task of interest-coordinations are highlighted in every facet of the protection : namely public v. private, national v. regional/local, past/present generation v. future generation
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Au, Pui-yu. "Towards sustainability: enhance the local economy and identity through urban renewal : the case study of Wanchai." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31261206.
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Ombella, John S. "Benefit sharing from traditional knowledge and intellectual property rights in Africa: "an analysis of international regulations"." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8927_1213866323.
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This thesis was written in the contemplation of the idea that, it is only through protection of the traditional knowledge in African local societies where these societies can rip the benefit of its commercialization and non-commercialization. It was thus centered on the emphasis that, while the African countries are still insisting on the need to have amendments done to the TRIPS Agreement, they should also establish regulations in their domestic laws to protect traditional knowledge from being pirated. This emphasis was mainly raised at this time due to the wide spread of bio-piracy in African local societies by the Western Multinational Pharmaceutical Corporations.
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夏敏端 and Man-tuen Angela Ha. "Vernacular landscape design in Lung Yuek Tau." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31980855.
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Sibayi, Dumisani. "Adressing the impact of structural fragmentation on aspects of the management and conservation of cultural heritage." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2758.
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Thesis (MPA (School of Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The birth of democracy in South Africa launched a paradigm shift in the public sector aligning it with the new political ideology. To meet this objective, state organs had to be radically transformed to embrace this new political ideology so as to extend and enhance service delivery to all South Africans. The democratisation of state organs led to the transformation of public institutions both statutory and non-statutory. The urgency to transform strategic state institutions whose mandate was to provide basic and primary needs like health, housing and social services, led to the neglect of other like sport, culture, and the natural environment. The transformation of some of the latter institutions was attended to only after a couple of years after the democratisation. This led to flaws in these legislative development processes which resulted in the creation of different institutions by various laws. This was the root cause of fragmentation. The provisions of these Acts are in some areas ambiguous and contradictory. The consequences are duplications and overlaps in the implementation processes. Heritage institutions have different regulatory frameworks and management systems – regulations, policies, guidelines and procedures. Furthermore, complex internal management systems expedite fragmentation of this sector. This institutional fragmentation has enormous impact on heritage conservation and management. There is limited cooperation and collaboration between heritage institutions. This study will outline how theories, strategies and instruments from the new public management approach, can be utilised to address these challenges.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met die totstandkoming van ‘n demokratiese Suid-Afrika het in paradigma verskuiwing in die openbare sektor gevolg wat dit in lyn gebring het met die nuwe politieke ideologie. Om hierdie doelwit te bereik staats instelling moes radikaal getransformeer word om hierdie nuwe politieke ideologie te ondersteun en diens lewering na alle Suid-Afrikaners uit te brei. Die demokratisering van staatsinstellings het tot die transformasie van beide statutere en -nie statutere instellings gelei. Die noodsaak om strategiese staatsinstellings wie se mandaat dit was om basiese en primere dienste soos gesondheid, behuising en maatskaplike dienste te verskaf en transformeer, het tot die verwaarlosing van sport, kultuur en omgewingsake gelei. Dit het ‘n paar jaar geduur na demokratisering voordat die transformasie van hierdie instellings aandag gekry het. Die gevolg was ‘n gebrekkige wetgewende ontwikkelingsproses wat tot die totstandkoming van verskillende instellings in terme van verskeie wette gelei het. Hierdie is die bron van fragmentasie. Die voorskrifte van hierdie wetgewing is in sekere areas dubbelsinnig en teenstrydig. Die gevolg is duplikasie en oorvleuling in die implementeringsprosesse. Erfenis oorvleueling instellings het verskillende regulatoriese raamwerke en bestuurstelsels- regulasies, beleide, riglyne en prosedures. Verder vererger die komplekse interne bestuurstelsels fragmentasie in die sektor. Die institusionele fragmentasie het groot impak op erfenisbewaring en-bestuur. Daar is beperkte samewerking tussen erfenis instellings. Hierdie studies sal aandui hoe teoriee, strategie en instrumente van die nuwe benadering tot openbare bestuur aangewend kan word om hierdie uitdagings die hoof te bied.
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Shafinaz, Ummul Wara. "Cultural heritage conservation and sustainable urban community in Dhaka: case study with Mirpur Benarashi Palli& Shakhari Bazaar." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49885741.
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Sustainable Development is one of the most important arguments now a day. How we can make our world more sustainable in nature is the most significant phenomena for all of us. It is very difficult to transform the old, traditional and historically significant places to a more sustainable and modern in nature without hampering their values and historic resources. Cultural significances of old historic places represent the sense of connectivity and provide a continuation of past experience to the present and future generations (ICOMOS, 1999). These are the old urban characters which shapes the modern urban culture and identity over the time. They should treat as the most important belongings of history to go forward towards more advanced future. Future is always shaped by the past. Hence if we forget our history; it would be very difficult to get proper guidelines for future development. It is necessary for us to preserve our deteriorating heritage resources to develop our own future. However, globalization, rapid and uncontrolled urbanization and technological advancement make these attempt challenging. Urban heritage conservation in a very integrated way would be one of the solutions for conserving old values and ideas with their own traditional nature. Conservation with sustainable manner should be taken as the top priority in all development planning agendas.
Moreover, proper urban heritage conservation can help to transform historical places as the source of history, culture and socio-economic advancement for the local community and can change unsustainable community into more sustainable in nature.
Dhaka is one of the major old cities in South Asia. It has a various combination of historic places and communities which give Dhaka a unique urban character. It has long history of urbanization and this urban growth pattern has influenced mainly by the topography, socio-economic and socio-cultural characteristics along with inherent morphological quality. However over population growth, uncontrolled urbanization, poor infrastructure facilities and weak urban management contribute to deteriorating these urban heritages rapidly. There are several discussions about urban heritage conservation of developing countries but little discussions have found which has focused on the conservation with empowering local traditional economy to develop the sustainable community. By enhancing local economy through proper planning and policy and promote sustainable tourism can contribute to conserve heritage resources of Dhaka and support sustainable community development.
Two historically significant communities are chosen for representing Dhaka‟s heritage which is unique in nature for their traditional professions, significant local arts, handmade crafts, life style, religious and social festivals, urban fabric and built heritage. These are Benarashi Palli at Mirpur and Shakhari Bazaar at old Dhaka. They had a self-sustained economy in the past which becomes declining day by day due to rapid and poor urban development management and ignorance of historical values and ideas. However, still these two communities are trying to survive with their own efforts and make them represented of the glorious past to us.
The main focus of this study is to revive their past well-sustained economic conditions with proper conservation of heritage resources and community participation. At the same time explore several guidelines of comprehensive conservation for sustainable urban community in Dhaka. The research identifies that there is a severe lacking of integrated conservation policies in Dhaka. In fact, the importance of heritage conservation is still very far away from national planning policies in Bangladesh. Dhaka has several development control agencies however; they are not so well-integrated and well-organized to provide a comprehensive heritage planning policies for Dhaka as well as Bangladesh. Moreover, incompetent rules and regulations with scattered organizations make this problem more severe. The study has tried to incorporate all these issues and formulate a comprehensive conservation planning for Benarashi Palli and Shakhari Bazaar as well as Dhaka.
Furthermore, the study tries to accommodate sustainable tourism for providing a sustainable urban economy which has always ignored in Bangladesh context. However, tourism could be a strong way of promoting heritage conservation in Dhaka which has already followed by many developing countries in South Asia.published_or_final_version
Urban Planning and Design
Master
Master of Science in Urban Planning
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Helton, Erin King. "Archaeological Site Vulnerability Modeling for Cultural Resources Management Based on Historic Aerial Photogrammetry and LiDAR." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804925/.
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GIS has been utilized in cultural resources management for decades, yet its application has been largely isolated to predicting the occurrence of archaeological sites. Federal and State agencies are required to protect archaeological sites that are discovered on their lands, but their resources and personnel are very limited. A new methodology is evaluated that uses modern light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and historic aerial photogrammetry to create digital terrain models (DTMs) capable of identifying sites that are most at risk of damage from changes in terrain. Results revealed that photogrammetric modeling of historic aerial imagery, with limitations, can be a useful decision making tool for cultural resources managers to prioritize conservation and monitoring efforts. An attempt to identify key environmental factors that would be indicative of future topographic changes did not reveal conclusive results. However, the methodology proposed has the potential to add an affordable temporal dimension to future digital terrain modeling and land management. Furthermore, the methods have global applicability because they can be utilized in any region with an arid environment.
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何世昌 and Sze-cheong Max Ho. "Conflict of conservation and development in Singapore: a case study of Tanjong Pagar District." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31258232.
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Kong, Siu-nga, and 江兆雅. "When value management meets conservation management: a possible progress for conservation practice in HongKong?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50716025.
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Zaparoli, Dilene 1969. "Plano de ação para a valorização do patrimônio cultural do município de Jacareí." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280828.
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Orientador: Pedro Paulo Abreu FunariTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: O principal objetivo da pesquisa foi à realização de um diagnóstico detalhado da realidade do patrimônio arquitetônico, bens móveis, bens imateriais e dos pontos com potencial turístico do município de Jacareí, a fim de colocar em perspectiva os níveis de competitividade turística de cada um, e permitir que gradualmente possam com base nos princípios de sustentabilidade, oferecer produtos e serviços de melhor qualidade a turistas e comunidade. Já o inventário da oferta turística apresenta o resultado do levantamento da identificação e do registro de atrativos, dos serviços e dos equipamentos turísticos e da infraestrutura de apoio ao segmento. A principal finalidade foi à utilização dele como base das informações para fins de planejamento e gestão da atividade turística. Dessa forma, foi desenvolvido um sistema de inventariação da oferta turística em Jacareí, visando o armazenamento e a organização dessas informações, constituindo um banco de dados abrangente que servirá de base para aplicação de um Plano de Ação visando à valorização do patrimônio cultural material e imaterial. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, elaboramos e adotamos uma metodologia bem definida e uma sequência de ações em todos os locais selecionados
Abstract: The main objective of the research was to perform a detailed diagnosis of the reality of architectural heritage, movable assets, intangible assets and items with tourism potential of the city of Jacareí in order to put into perspective the level of competitiveness of each tourist, and gradually to allow, based on the principles of sustainability, offering products and better services to tourists and community. Have an inventory of tourism presents the results of the survey, the identification and registration of attractions, services and tourist facilities and infrastructure to support the segment. The main purpose was to use it as a base of information for planning and management of tourism. Therefore we developed a system of inventory of tourism in Jacarei, targeting the storage and organization of this information, providing a comprehensive database that will serve as a basis for application of an Action Plan aimed at enhancement of tangible and intangible cultural heritage. To achieve the proposed objectives, elaborate and adopt a well defined methodology and a sequence of actions in all selected locations
Doutorado
Historia Cultural
Doutora em História
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Yan, Mei-yee Michelle, and 甄美儀. "Sustaining the spirit and identity of a place: a case study of Tai O." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260676.
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Wagener, Noé. "Les prestations publiques en faveur de la protection du patrimoine culturel." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA111007.
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La thèse prend le parti méthodologique de ramener l'action de l'État en faveur de la protection du patrimoine culturel à une simple succession de « prestations ». Prenant au mot le point de vue néolibéral, elle entend se mettre ainsi en capacité d'embrasser d'un même geste l'ensemble des interventions de l'État en ce domaine, quelque soit les formes que celles-ci revêtent (édiction d'une réglementation et fourniture de services matériels). Ce faisant, l'enjeu de la thèse est de parvenir à déterminer « pourquoi » l'État agit en matière de patrimoine culturel, et plus précisément « pourquoi » il agit d'une certaine façon plutôt que d'une autre. Ce type d'interrogation fonctionnelle, auquel les juristes sont peu enclins, présente un avantage : il permet de replacer au cœur de l'analyse les manières particulières dont les catégories propres du droit contribuent à produire – bien plus qu'à décrire – les choix de protection du patrimoine culturel. Ainsi, l'observation diachronique, depuis la Révolution, des prestations publiques en faveur de la protection du patrimoine culturel fait apparaître qu'à plusieurs reprises, ces prestations ont pu, le plus sérieusement du monde, trouver leur source à l'extérieur de l'État, précisément dans un droit de la collectivité. Aussi, en matière patrimoniale se dessine, au-delà d'un processus d'étatisation progressive qui n'a, en soi, rien de bien original, un renversement complexe du rapport de l'État à la collectivité, en ce sens qu'au cours des XIXème et XXème siècles celui-ci se libère de celle-là, à grand renfort de reconceptualisations doctrinales. En définitive, ce n'est que quelque part dans l'entre-deux-guerre, après l'échec des théories du droit social, que l'on enferme définitivement l'explication juridique des prestations publiques en faveur de la protection du patrimoine culturel dans l'antagonisme entre puissance publique et droits fondamentauxThe thesis has made the methodological choice of reducing the action of the State for the protection of cultural heritage to a simple series of "services". Taking the neoliberal perspective literally, it intends to study all State interventions in this area, regardless of the shapes they assume (enactment of regulation and provision of services). In doing so, the scientific challenge of the thesis is to get to determine why the State acts in cultural heritage, and more specifically why it acts in a certain way rather than another. This functional interrogation, rarely asked by lawyers in France, is of interest as it questions the particular ways in which specific categories of law help to produce - much more than to describe - the choice of a particular cultural heritage protection. Thus, the diachronic observation of services, since the French Revolution, shows that on multiple occasions, these services have found, in all seriousness, their source outside the State, specifically in a community right. Also, beyond a progressive etatization process (which is not in itself very original), a complex reversal of the relation of the State to the society emerges : during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the State frees itself from the society, helped by a massive work of doctrinal reconceptualizations. It is only between World War I and World War II, after the failure of theories of social law, that the legal explanation of State services for the protection of cultural heritage is finally locked in the antagonism between the authority of the State and fundamental rights
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Chan, Yee-wa, and 陳綺華. "Evaluating built heritage conservation in Hong Kong: principle and practice." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3126122X.
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Porto, Aline Lopes Gonçalves. "Questões de preservação de bens culturais = a madeira como objeto de estudo." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258019.
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Orientador: Mauro Augusto DemarzoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Ubanismo
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Resumo: A preservacao engloba todas as acoes que beneficiam a manutencao de um bem cultural, o que inclui a criacao de leis, realizacao de projetos de conservacao, restauracao, intervencoes no entorno do patrimonio, etc, e tem como objetivo principal manter a autenticidade historica e integridade do patrimonio cultural, para que as geracoes futuras possam desfrutar desse bem. A melhor maneira de entender como tratar o patrimonio cultural e compreender a natureza dos materiais que fazem parte da sua constituicao, como, por exemplo, a madeira. Com foco neste material, serão analisadas a sua anatomia, e a maneira como ela se comporta diante de agentes deterioradores, apresentando tambem metodos de combate. No caso de objetos de propriedade cultural, o emprego de determinados tipos de produtos e preocupante, pois, podem alterar alguns componentes destas pecas. A partir desta preocupacao, pesquisadores de todo o mundo vem se empenhando em desenvolver métodos atoxicos para o controle de pragas. Assim, em um primeiro momento, neste trabalho, serao apresentados os conceitos sobre patrimonio historico, e sua representatividade no cenario brasileiro; em um segundo momento, apresentar-se-a a biologia da madeira, para que, desta forma, se compreenda o material a ser trabalhado; em um terceiro momento, serao listados os agentes causadores da degradacao na madeira, e, em seguida, os metodos preservativos e curativos para esses danos. Por fim, serão analisados dois casos de intervencao em patrimonio historico em madeira em condicoes diferentes, ou seja, em duas regioes do país: a) Cobertura do ginásio poliesportivo do Pacaembu, localizado na cidade de São Paulo, no Estado de São Paulo, região Sudeste; b) Catedral da Se, localizada na cidade de Belém, no Estado do Para, região Norte
Abstract: Preservation includes every action that benefits the maintenance of a cultural heritage,including the creation of laws, realization of conservation's projects, restoration and interventions in the surrounding areas, among others. Its main goal is to keep the historical authenticity of the cultural heritage and its integrity, so that future generations be able to appreciate it. The most fitting way to learn how to deal with a historical heritage is by understanding the nature of the materials that compose its arrangement; in the present case, the wood. Therefore, we will analyze wood's anatomy, the way it behave against aggressive agents and also show some ways to fight these pathologies. However, in the particular case of objects of cultural value, the adoption of such compounds is source of concern as they can modify the nature of these pieces. To address such a concern, researchers from around the world are spending efforts in the development of non-toxic methods for plague control. Regarding the Brazilian scenario some of these methods have not yet been adapted to the local reality as weather, plague species and constructive techniques are different from other countries. This way is interesting to retrieve as much information as possible about Brazilian wood's historical heritage. Therefore, this work will first present concepts regarding historical heritage and its representativeness of the Brazilian scenario; in a second moment the wood's biology will be shown, in order to fully understand the material we are dealing with. After that, agents that cause wood's degeneration will be listed and in what follows some methods for the preservation and healing of such damage will be presented. At the end, this work evaluates two cases of intervention in a wood's historical heritage. Always keeping in sight the fact that Brazil is a country of continental dimensions, we chose cases of distinct nature. That is it, cases from two different regions of the country: a) Cover of the Pacaembu Gymnasium, located in the city of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo state, southeast region, and the; b) Cathedral of the Se, located in the city of Belem, Para state, north region
Mestrado
Arquitetura e Construção
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Honiball, Marike. "Three-dimensional scanning as a means of archiving sculptures." Thesis, [Bloemfontein?] : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/149.
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Thesis (M. Tech. Design technology) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2011This dissertation outlines a procedural scanning process using the portable ZCorporation ZScanner® 700 and provides an overview of the developments surrounding 3D scanning technologies; specifically their application for archiving Cultural Heritage sites and projects. The procedural scanning process is structured around the identification of 3D data recording variables applicable to the digital archiving of an art museum’s collection of sculptures. The outlining of a procedural 3D scanning environment supports the developing technology of 3D digital archiving in view of artefact preservation and interactive digital accessibility. Presented in this paper are several case studies that record 3D scanning variables such as texture, scale, surface detail, light and data conversion applicable to varied sculptural surfaces and form. Emphasis is placed on the procedural documentation and the anomalies associated with the physical object, equipment used, and the scanning environment. In support of the above, the Cultural Heritage projects that are analyzed prove that 3D portable scanning could provide digital longevity and access to previously inaccessible arenas for a diverse range of digital data archiving infrastructures. The development of 3D data acquisition via scanning, CAD modelling and 2D to 3D data file conversion technologies as well as the aesthetic effect and standards of digital archiving in terms of the artwork – viewer relationship and international practices or criterions of 3D digitizing are analysed. These projects indicate the significant use of optical 3D scanning techniques and their employ on renowned historical artefacts thus emphasizing their importance, safety and effectiveness. The aim with this research is to establish that the innovation and future implications of 3D scanning could be instrumental to future technological advancement in an interdisciplinary capacity to further data capture and processing in various Cultural Heritage diagnostic applications.
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Hueso, Kortekaas Katia. "Salt in our veins. The patrimonialization processes of artisanal salt and saltscapes in Europe and their contribution to local development." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/418811.
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This thesis aims to understand the processes of patrimonialization that take place in artisanal salinas in Europe and analyzes how these can contribute to the preservation of heritage, landscape and local development in their environment. In the last century, artisanal salt making sites in Europe have suffered a progressive decline, as a result of profound socio- economic changes, that have affected productive activities in general. This has limited their ability to compete in the mainstream salt market, which has ultimately led to the permanent abandonment of the salt making activity in most cases. In others, however, local stakeholders (environmentalists, cultural associations, scholars, public administrations, others) have been able to spark, push forward and even consolidate a patrimonialization process based on the sustainable use of the associated heritage and landscape values. To achieve this, many products and services associated with the production of high quality salt, as well as ecocultural tourism activities and salt-related museums, and the provision of health services from salt sub-products have been designed and offered. These have contributed to maintain a multifunctional use of the site with a diversified socioeconomic activity with enough profitability, while respecting the natural values of the sites. In this process, the sites have therefore moved from a situation of managerial indifference or even abandonment, to a collective, highly motivated citizen-led effort to recover the heritage and natural values of the sites. At a certain point, as the complexity of the processes increased, this horizontal and generally altruistic approach, needed to evolve towards a new management environment led by professionals. In the end, these sites have thus progressed from the salt business to the business of salt-related heritage.
In this thesis, three paradigmatic cases of successful patrimonialization have been analyzed in Europe: the marais salants of Guérande, in France; the salinas of Sečovlje in Slovenia and the Læsø saltworks in Denmark. In addition, the patrimonialization processes have also been studied in the nine Spanish inland salinas which have been protected by law as a monument at the time of writing: Añana (Álava), Arcos de las Salinas (Teruel), Espartinas (Madrid), Gerri de la Sal (Lleida), Imón and San Juan (Guadalajara), Peralta de la Sal (Huesca), Poza de la Sal (Burgos) and Rambla Salada (Murcia). In these cases, the processes have been found to be in very different stages, from a situation of decline and almost ruin, to a consolidated patrimonialization process. Many cases, however, have been found to be in intermediate situations, with a patrimonialization process still in in progress, with the threats and weaknesses this stage entails. The comparison of these differences has allowed to understand the challenges and difficulties faced by this type of cultural heritage and landscapes, as well as to identify the good practices that have contributed to their progression towards a consolidated stage.
To this end, the methodology used in this work combined tools from different disciplinary backgrounds. On the one hand, a set of qualitative and quantitative indicators has allowed to perform a comparative analysis of the sites. On the other hand, the study of the local bibliography and the field visits, in combination with personal interviews and group dynamics, has allowed to elaborate the narratives of the patrimonialization processes of each site. The comparative study between the twelve salinas has also led to the development of a conceptual management model that gathers the good practices and prevents the pitfalls observed in the study sites. Hopefully this model will contribute to the sustainable use of similar cultural landscapes and heritage to those studied here.Aquesta tesi té com a objecte comprendre els processos de patrimonialització que tenen lloc en salines artesanals d'Europa i analitzar què poden aportar a la conservació del patrimoni i el paisatge, i al desenvolupament local. En el curs de l'últim segle, les salines artesanals europees han patit un declivi progressiu arran de la incidència de diversos factors socioeconòmics. Això ha limitat la seva capacitat per competir en el negoci tradicional de la sal, abocant-les en molts casos a l'abandonament definitiu. En d'altres, però, els agents socials (societat civil, administracions i altres) han sabut iniciar i fins i tot consolidar un procés de patrimonialització basat en l'aprofitament sostenible del patrimoni i el paisatge. En aquest context, s'han proposat productes molt diversos i serveis associats a la sal de qualitat, el turisme ecocultural i la salut, aconseguint mantenir una activitat socioeconòmica rendible alhora que respectuosa amb el medi ambient. Aquestes salines han passat així de viure del negoci de la sal a recolzar la seva activitat en el negoci del patrimoni. En aquesta tesi s'examinen tres casos de patrimonialització paradigmàtics a Europa: les salines de Guérande (França), Sečovlje (Eslovènia) i Læsø (Dinamarca). A més, s'analitza el procés de patrimonialització a les nou salines d'interior espanyoles que han estat declarades com a Bé d'Interès Cultural: Añana (Àlaba), Arcos de las Salinas (Terol), Espartinas (Madrid), Gerri de la Sal (Lleida), Imón i San Juan (Guadalajara), Peralta de la Sal (Osca), Poza de la Sal (Burgos) i Rambla Salada (Múrcia). En aquests casos, l'esmentat procés es troba en fases molt diverses, el que ha permès entendre els reptes i les dificultats a què s'enfronta aquesta mena de patrimoni i els seus paisatges culturals, així com identificar les bones pràctiques que s'hi ha donat. Amb aquesta finalitat, s'ha emprat una metodologia que combina l'ús d'indicadors qualitatius i quantitatius, amb entrevistes i dinàmiques de grup. Tot això s'ha complementat amb un estudi bibliogràfic i visites de camp a cada espai que han possibilitat reconstruir les narratives de la seva patrimonialització. L'anàlisi comparativa d'aquests dotze espais saliners ha permès, alhora, l'elaboració d'un model de gestió que pretén contribuir a l'aprofitament sostenible de paisatges culturals i d'espais patrimonials similars als que aquí s'han considerat.
Esta tesis tiene como objeto comprender los procesos de patrimonialización que tienen lugar en salinas artesanales en Europa y analizar de qué manera éstos pueden aportar a la conservación del patrimonio, del paisaje y al desarrollo local en su entorno. Las salinas artesanales europeas han sufrido en el último siglo un progresivo declive, fruto de diversos factores socioeconómicos. Ello ha limitado su capacidad para competir en el negocio tradicional de la sal, abocando a algunas al abandono definitivo. En algunos casos, sin embargo, los agentes sociales (sociedad civil, administraciones, otros) han sabido iniciar e incluso consolidar un proceso de patrimonialización basado en un aprovechamiento sostenible del patrimonio y del paisaje. Para ello se han propuesto muy diversos productos y servicios asociados a la sal de calidad, el turismo ecocultural y la salud, logrando así mantener una actividad socioeconómica con suficiente rentabilidad al tiempo que se respeta al medio. Así, estas salinas han pasado de vivir del negocio de la sal al negocio del patrimonio. En esta tesis se han estudiado tres casos de patrimonialización paradigmáticos en Europa: las salinas de Guérande, en Francia; Sečovlje, en Eslovenia y Læsø, en Dinamarca. Además, se ha estudiado el proceso de patrimonialización en las nueve salinas de interior españolas que han sido protegidas como Bien de Interés Cultural: Añana (Álava), Arcos de las Salinas (Teruel), Espartinas (Madrid), Gerri de la Sal (Lleida), Imón y San Juan (Guadalajara), Peralta de la Sal (Huesca), Poza de la Sal (Burgos) y Rambla Salada (Murcia). En estos casos, los procesos se encuentran en fases muy diversas, lo que ha permitido entender los retos y las dificultades a los que se enfrentan este tipo de patrimonio y paisajes culturales, así como detectar las buenas prácticas que se han dado en ellos. A tal fin, se ha empleado una metodología que combina el uso de indicadores cualitativos y cuantitativos, con entrevistas y dinámicas de grupo. Todo ello se ha complementado con el estudio bibliográfico y visitas de campo a cada espacio, lo que ha permitido elaborar las narrativas de la patrimonialización de cada uno de ellos. El estudio comparativo entre los doce espacios salineros ha conducido, así mismo, a la elaboración de un modelo de gestión, que esperemos contribuya al aprovechamiento sostenible de paisajes culturales y espacios patrimoniales similares a los estudiados aquí.
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Msomi, Zuziwe Nokwanda. "The protection of indigenous knowledge within the current intellectual property rights regime: a critical assessment focusing upon the Masakhane Pelargonium case." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007744.
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The use of indigenous knowledge (IK) and indigenous bio-resources by pharmaceutical and herbal industries has led to concerns about the need to protect IK in order to prevent biopiracy and the misappropriation of indigenous knowledge and resources. While some commentators believe that intellectual property rights (IPR) law can effectively protect IK, others are more sceptical. In order to contribute to the growing debate on this issue, this study uses the relatively new and as yet largely critically unanalysed Masakhane Pelargonium case to address the question of whether or not IPR law can be used to effectively protect IK. It is argued here that discussion about the protection of IK is a matter that must be located within broader discussions about North-South relations and the continued struggle for economic and political freedom by indigenous people and their states. The Masakhane case suggests that IPR law in its current form cannot provide sufficient protection of IK on its own. Incompatibilities between IPR law and IK necessitate that certain factors, most important of which are land, organised representation, and what are referred as 'confidence and network resources', be present in order for IPR law to be used with any degree of success. The study also reveals various factors that undermine the possibility of using IPR law to protect IK. In particular, the study highlights the way in which local political tensions can undermine the ability of communities to effectively use IPR law to protect their knowledge. The thesis concludes with several recommendations that will enable indigenous communities and their states to benefit more substantially from the commercialisation of their bio-resources and associated IK.
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Dezen-Kempter, Eloisa 1963. "O lugar do patrimônio industrial." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280239.
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Orientador: Cristina MeneguelloTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Os efeitos do processo de desindustrialização e de reestruturação econômica, intensificados na década de 1990, atingiram grandes complexos fabris estabelecidos nos séculos XIX e XX, os quais foram grandes motores econômicos e os principais indutores da urbanização dos lugares. Esses sítios industriais imprimiram, de modo inconfundível, caráter e identidade espacial, organizando a dinâmica urbana e as relações sociais. Sua desativação torna o território, antes ocupado pelas atividades industriais, obsoleto e vulnerável a um processo de reestruturação e incorporação resultante das novas atividades urbanas que demandam uma nova espacialidade, colocando sua permanência em risco. Considerando-se, assim, que o ambiente urbano encontra-se em rápida e fundamental transformação, esta tese pretende, por meio de análise e comparação da trajetória de cinco indústrias têxteis nos estados de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, contribuir para revelar a potencialidade e a singularidade do "lugar" industrial na produção do espaço urbano contemporâneo. As edificações industriais analisadas foram selecionadas em função da sua representatividade técnica e arquitetônica e por se apresentarem como elemento ordenador do espaço urbano. No estado de São Paulo foram analisadas a Fábrica São Luis (1869), em Itu; a Enrico Dell'Acqua e Cia. (1892), em São Roque; a Brasital (1875), em Salto; e na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a Cia. América Fabril (1878) e a Fábrica Bangu (1893). Procedeu-se para tanto a uma análise do desenvolvimento industrial nesses dois estados, focalizando o papel das edificações e complexos industriais na configuração de um tipo arquitetônico e comparando os encaminhamentos das estratégias de preservação do lugar industrial como parte do patrimônio cultural, em um processo de valoração de sua diversidade formal, de uso e escala, e como testemunho e referência histórica, tecnológica e social. Com base na análise das edificações industriais, pautada em sua reconstituição histórica a partir de fontes documentais diversas - documentos empresariais, o projeto arquitetônico, publicações, cartografia, levantamento de campo e vistas aos processos de tombamento - tornou-se possível uma visão abrangente de sua complexidade. Paralelamente, foi abordada a emergência da valorização do patrimônio industrial nos órgãos de preservação por meio do levantamento dos bens tombados pelo IPHAN e do estudo comparativo do tombamento de duas fábricas, com o intuito de identificar procedimentos específicos para áreas industriais de interesse cultural. Verificou-se que, com o abandono e o desuso, essas edificações industriais, portadoras de expressões culturais e sociais, foram adequadas a novas demandas urbanas, e que o processo de reabilitação constituiu ação importante para o seu reconhecimento e valoração
Abstract: The effects of the deindustrialization and economic restructuring, intensified uring the 1990's, reaching large manufacturing complexes established in he XIX and XX centuries, which were the economic drivers and the main ttractors of urban development in that location. These industrial sites imprinted, in an unique manner, spatial character and identity, organizing the urban dynamics and the social relations. Its deactivation changes the territory, beforehand occupied with industrial activities, into obsolete and vulnerable to restructuring and incorporation process as a result of new urban activities that demand new spatial presence, putting in danger its existence. Considering then, that the urban environment is transforming rapidly and fundamentally, this thesis intends to, by analysis and comparison of the history of five textile factories in the states of Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, contribute in unveiling the potential and singularity of the industrial "place" in producing contemporary urban areas. The industrial buildings analyzed were selected due to their technical and architectural importance as well as the element that directed the urban development in that area. In the Sao Paulo state were analyzed the Sao Luis Factory (1869) in Itu, the Enrico Dell'Acqua and Co (1892), in Sao Roque, the Brasital (1875) in Salto, and in the city of Rio de Janeiro, the Cia America Fabril (1878) and the Bangu Factory (1893). In order to do that, it was analyzed the industrial development in the two states, focusing in the role the industrial complexes and its edificial structures in configuring an architectural type and comparing the industrial area preservation strategies part of the cultural landscape, in a process of praising its form, use and scale diversity, as well as a witness and reference of historical, technological and social importance. Based on the analysis of the industrial edifications, focused in recreating the historical context through a myriad of information sources - corporate documents, architectural blueprints, publications, cartography, field visits and review of the process of selection criteria to list a building- it was possible to established a broad perspective of its complexity. In parallel, it was analyzed the emerging need to value the industrial patrimony in the Brazilian preservationist practice by identifying the listed buildings by IPHAN and by comparing the parameters of selection that purposed the preservation of two factories, aiming at identifying the specific procedures for industrial areas of cultural interest. It was verified that, with the disuse and abandonment, these industrial sites, as material support of cultural and social expressions, were adjusted to the new urban demands, in which the rehabilitation process plays an important role in a pratical preservationist, promoting its monumental value and acknowledgment
Doutorado
Politica, Memoria e Cidade
Doutor em História
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Alemneh, Daniel Gelaw. "An Examination of the Adoption of Preservation Metadata in Cultural Heritage Institutions: An Exploratory Study Using Diffusion of Innovations Theory." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9937/.
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Digital preservation is a significant challenge for cultural heritage institutions and other repositories of digital information resources. Recognizing the critical role of metadata in any successful digital preservation strategy, the Preservation Metadata Implementation Strategies (PREMIS) has been extremely influential on providing a "core" set of preservation metadata elements that support the digital preservation process. However, there is no evidence, in the form of previous research, as to what factors explain and predict the level of adoption of PREMIS. This research focused on identifying factors that affect the adoption of PREMIS in cultural heritage institutions. This study employed a web-based survey to collect data from 123 participants in 20 country as well as a semi-structured, follow-up telephone interview with a smaller sample of the survey respondents. Roger's diffusion of innovation theory was used as a theoretical framework. The main constructs considered for the study were relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, observability, and institution readiness. The study yielded both qualitative and quantitative data, and analysis showed that all six factors influence the adoption of PREMIS in varying degrees. Results of a regression analysis of adoption level on the six factors showed a statistically significant relationship. The R2 value for the model was .528, which means that 52.8% of the variance in PREMIS adoption was explained by a combination of the six factors. Considering the complexity of issue, this study has important implications for future research on preservation metadata and provides recommendations for researchers and stakeholders engaged in metadata standards development efforts.
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Victoir, Laura A. "Moscow-area estates : a case study of twentieth-century architectural preservation and cultural politics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670078.
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Sautmann, Sophia-Elena. "Der Sicherheitsrat und der Schutz von Kulturgut im bewaffneten Konflikt." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-164145.
Full textAbstract:
Angesichts der Gefahr für Kulturgüter, die sich gerade in jüngeren Konflikten wie beispielsweise dem Mali-Konflikt zeigen, untersucht das Paper die Rolle, die der Sicherheitsrat seit 1990 beim Schutz von Kulturgütern in bewaffneten Konflikten einnimmt. Anhand einer Wortlautanalyse der Resolutionen des Sicherheitsrates und einer Analyse der beschlossenen Maßnahmen wird die Entwicklung aufgezeigt, dass der Sicherheitsrat dem Schutz von Kulturgut in bewaffneten Konflikten eine zunehmend hohe Bedeutung beimisst und sich entsprechend auch verstärkt für dessen Schutz einsetzt. Es wird gezeigt, dass der Sicherheitsrat dazu im Rahmen der UN-Charta grundsätzlich auch kompetent ist und sich der verstärkte Einsatz durch das wachsende Bewusstsein der internationalen Gemeinschaft für die Gefahr für Kulturgüter in bewaffneten Konflikten sowie die generelle Ausweitung des Tätigkeitsbereichs des Sicherheitsrates erklären lässt. Die Entwicklung des Schutzes durch den Sicherheitsrat erscheint daher folgerichtig und wünschenswert und gleichzeitig noch nicht abgeschlossenIn the light of recent conflicts like the conflict in Mali, which show the risks for cultural property during armed conflicts, the present paper evaluates the role of the Security Council in the protection of cultural property during armed conflicts. Based on an analysis of the wording of resolutions and of the measures adopted by the Security Council, a development will be illustrated: the Security Council attaches greater importance to the protection of cultural property in armed conflict and strengthens its effort for the protection. Furthermore it will be argued that the Security Council is competent in this matter according to the Charter of the United Nations and that its increased efforts can be explained by the growing awareness of the international community about the risks for cultural property during armed conflict and the general increase of the Security Council’s activities. The development of the protection of cultural property provided by the Security Council therefore seems reasonable and not yet completed