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1
Nathan, Abrams, and Hughes Julie, eds. Containing America: Cultural production and consumption in Fifties America. Birmingham, UK: University of Birmingham Press, 2000.
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Littler, Jo. Radical consumption: Shopping for change in contemporary culture. Berkshire: Open University, 2009.
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Lukas, Paul. Inconspicuous consumption: An obsessive look at the stuff we take for granted, from the everyday to the obscure. New York: Crown Trade Paperbacks, 1997.
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Rodrigues da Silva, Renato. The Anglo-Saxon Elite. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463721134.
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In all of the literature on Anglo-Saxon England, rarely has the question of social class been confronted head-on. This study draws upon recent research into topics such as religious practice, emotions, daily life, and intellectual culture to investigate how the aristocracy of Northumbria maintained social dominance over wider society. Moreover, this monograph suggests that the crisis that brought an end to Northumbria as an independent kingdom was the product of the social contradictions produced by the ruling class as social domination developed over time. The analysis is divided into three broad parts – production, circulation, and consumption – both as a nod to Marxist historiography and also to signal a commitment to a methodology that situates the subject within a global context.
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Lifebuoy men, lux women: Commodification, consumption, and cleanliness in modern Zimbabwe. Durham: Duke University Press, 1996.
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Fictions of commodity culture: From the Victorian to the postmodern. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Ashgate, 2003.
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Consuming traditions: Modernity, modernism, and the commodified authentic. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
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Christoph, Grunenberg, Hollein Max, Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt, and Tate Gallery Liverpool, eds. Shopping: A century of art and consumer culture. Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz, 2002.
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Tanfer, Emin-Tunc, and Babic Annessa Ann, eds. The globetrotting shopaholic: Consumer spaces, products, and their cultural places. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars, 2008.
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McCormick, Lisa. Music Sociology in a New Key. Edited by Jeffrey C. Alexander, Ronald N. Jacobs, and Philip Smith. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195377767.013.27.
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This article examines how scholarship in the sociology of music has been dominated by an economic framework known as the production/consumption paradigm. It first traces the history of the production/consumption paradigm through its appearance in key texts, showing how it changes as it passes from Theodor W. Adorno and Pierre Bourdieu to the American production of culture perspective. It then presents a thematic overview of the literature and highlights the strengths of established research agendas as well as the blind spots that reveal the need for a more cultural approach. It also considers music as a text, as a resource, as a product, and as performance before proposing an alternative to the production/consumption dichotomy. The article argues that the growing interest in performance presents an opportunity not only to advance the study of music, but also to engage with the core theoretical issues in sociology.
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Long, Lucy M. Culinary Tourism. Edited by Jeffrey M. Pilcher. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199729937.013.0022.
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A product of both world history and contemporary mass culture, culinary tourism is a scholarly field of study that is emerging as an important part of the tourism industry. Also known as gastronomic tourism, tasting tourism, and simply food tourism, culinary tourism refers to adventurous eating, eating out of curiosity, exploring other cultures through food, intentionally participating in the foodways of an Other, and the development of food as a tourist destination and attraction. In culinary tourism, the primary motivation for travel is to experience a specific food. Culinary tourism parallels the globalization of food production and consumption and reflects issues inherent in tourism. It has the potential to address some of the controversial issues in tourism in general, such as questions of authenticity, commodification of tradition, identity construction, intellectual property and intangible heritage, as well as the ecological, economic, and cultural sustainability of food cultures in response to tourism.
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Keiser, Sandra, Deborah Vandermar, and Myrna B. Garner. Beyond Design. 5th ed. Fairchild Books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501366581.
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Beyond Design: The Synergy of Apparel Product Development, Fifth Edition maps the processes required to bring apparel products from concept to consumer. This full-color text takes students step-by-step through the decision-making involved in the pre-production processes of apparel product development including business, creative, technical, and production planning. Updated chapter content reflects evolving industry practice. It demonstrates how these processes must be coordinated to get the right product to market, when consumers want it, and at a price they are willing to pay in an increasingly digital environment. The text seeks to address how functional approaches vary depending on a business’s size and fashion focus. More global in scope, the fifth edition includes examples and case studies of multi-national companies and incorporates global nomenclature when it differs from the US industry. This new edition also advances its discussion of how new technologies continue to shorten the product development calendar. The book is written to help students anticipate the chaotic pace of change not only in fashion trends, but also in the fashion system itself. New to this Edition • Updated references and examples demonstrate how industry practice is changing to meet market demands • New case studies illustrate the impact of new technology and an evolving fashion system • An understanding of a circular economy expands upon how sustainability and social justice issues impact every function of product development, distribution, and consumption • The slow fashion/fast fashion dichotomy is considered as it impacts the fashion ecosystem • The issues of cultural appropriation and influencer culture are discussed Beyond Design STUDIO • Study smarter with self-quizzes featuring scored results and personalized study tips • Review concepts with flashcards of essential vocabulary Instructor Resources • Instructor's Guide provides suggestions for planning the course and using the text in the classroom, supplemental assignments, and lecture notes • PowerPoint® presentations include images from the book and provide a framework for lecture and discussion
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Wilken, Rowan. Cultural Economies of Locative Media. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190234911.001.0001.
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Cultural Economies of Locative Media examines the manifold ways that location, location-awareness, and location data have all become familiar yet increasingly significant parts of our mobile-mediated experiences of everyday life. The book explores the complex of interrelationships that mutually define the new business models and economic factors that emerge around and structure locative media services, their diverse social uses and cultures of consumption, and their policy implications and impacts. It offers a detailed, in-depth account of how location-based services, such as GPS-enabled mobile smartphones and associated applications, are socially, culturally, economically, and politically produced and shaped, as much as technically designed and manufactured. The result is a rich, composite portrait of locative media in all its cultural economic complexity.
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Mcbride, Lee A. Racial Imperialism and Food Traditions. Edited by Anne Barnhill, Mark Budolfson, and Tyler Doggett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199372263.013.20.
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This chapter draws questions of race into food ethics. Appropriating a conception of race articulated by Alain Locke (1885‒1954), it is suggested that racial imperialism and the attending drive to claim proprietary ownership of racialized cultural products is responsible for much of the intercultural strife and race-based injustice in the modern world. Foods and foodways, understood as cultural products, are then discussed against the backdrop of racial partisanship in the exchange and consumption of foods and cuisine. Notions of authenticity and cultural appropriation are discussed in this light. It is argued that there is a place for race in the discussion of food ethics and that racial imperialism and racial partisanship in the exchange and consumption of foods should be repudiated.
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Spracklen, Karl. Developing a Cultural Theory of Music Making and Leisure. Edited by Roger Mantie and Gareth Dylan Smith. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190244705.013.2.
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People listen to music in their leisure time, in leisure spaces, as a supposedly free act of agency. Yet social and cultural theorists show that leisure choices and spaces are constrained by hegemonic power, and that cultural forms such as music are products of commodification. This chapter explores these key claims for the use of music and the consumption of music in leisure spaces. It uses the work of Baudrillard on simulacra to explore the potential meaning and purpose of music in the lives of makers, listeners and fans—as a key device in constructing alternative hyperrealities to the capitalized reality of late modernity.
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Wanzo, Rebecca. Pop Culture/Visual Culture. Edited by Lisa Disch and Mary Hawkesworth. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328581.013.34.
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Feminist scholars in fields as varied as art history, film studies, cultural studies, literary studies, sociology, communications, and performance studies have made important contributions to discussions about representations of gender and sexuality in everyday life. This chapter examines themes and issues in the feminist study of popular culture and visual culture, including: the history of sexist representation; the gendered nature of the “gaze” and the instability of that concept; the question of whether or not representation has effects; the anxieties surrounding consumption of “women’s texts”; and the challenges in deciphering women’s agency and authorship given constraints produced by institutions and ideology.
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Scheidt, Hannah K. Practicing Atheism. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197536940.001.0001.
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Practicing Atheism is a cultural study of contemporary atheism, focusing on how atheists negotiate meanings and values through media. This book examines a variety of cultural products, both corporate driven and grassroots, that circulate messages about what atheism means—what ideas, values, affinities, and attitudes the term denotes. Through the creation, consumption, and exchange of this media, atheism gains positive content, the term signaling much more than lack of belief in god(s) for those who identify with the emergent culture. Primary source materials for this book include grassroots Internet communities, popular television programming, organized atheist events, and material culture representations of the movement, such as those found in atheist fan art. Practicing Atheism argues that atheist culture emerges from a unique tension with religion—a category atheists critique and resist but also, at times, imitate and approximate. Using a framework based on ritual studies, this book theorizes ambivalence, ambiguity, and “in-betweenness” as the essential condition of contemporary atheist culture.
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Starks, Tricia. Smoking under the Tsars. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501722059.001.0001.
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Using unusual sources and approaching tobacco from the perspective of users, producers, and objectors, this monograph provides an unparalleled view of the early transfer by the Russian market to smoking and presents the addictive, nicotine-soaked Russian cigarette – the papirosa -- and the sensory, medical, social, cultural, and gendered consequences of this unique style of tobacco use. Starting with the papirosa’s introduction in the nineteenth century and foundation as a cultural and imperial construct, the monograph moves through its emergence as a mass-use product of revolutionary potential, towards discussion as a moral and medical problem, on to its mass-marketing as a liberating object, and concluding as it became a point for increasing conflict for users, reformers, and purveyors. Material from newspapers, journals, industry publications, etiquette manuals, propaganda posters, popular literature, memoirs, cartoons, poetry, and advertising images is combined with wider scholarship in history, public health, anthropology, and addiction studies, for an ambitious social and cultural exploration of the interaction of institutions, ideas, practice, policy, consumption, identity, and the body. Utilizing these unique approaches and sources, the work reconstructs how early-Russian smokers experienced, understood, and presented their habit in all its biological, psychological, social, and sensory inflections.
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Trentmann, Frank. The Politics of Everyday Life. Edited by Frank Trentmann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561216.013.0027.
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As recently as 1985, the doyen of social science history in Germany, Hans-Ulrich Wehler, said the study of everyday life added little more than a bit of ‘gruel’ to the main course of history. Since then, the turf wars between social history, history from below, and cultural history have themselves become a thing of the past. It was during the 1950s–1970s that first sociologists, and then ‘new social’ historians, embraced the everyday. The flowering of consumption studies since would be unthinkable without the recognition that everyday life is an important – perhaps the most important – place people find meaning, develop habits, and acquire a sense of themselves and their world. This article offers an historical account of the changing scope and politics of everyday life. In contrast to recent discussions that have made the everyday appear the product of Western Europe after World War II, it traces the longer history of the everyday and the different politics of modernity which it has inspired.
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Gladwin, Derek, ed. Gastro-modernism. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781942954682.001.0001.
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This volume of essays surveys gastronomy across global literary modernisms. Modernists explore public and domestic spaces where food and drink are prepared and served, as much as they create them in the modernist imagination through narrative, language, verse, and style. Modernism as a cultural and artistic movement also highlights the historical politics of food and eating. As the chapters in Gastro-Modernism reveal, critical trends in food studies alert us to many social concerns that emerge in the modernist period because of expanding food literacy and culture. The result is that food production, consumption, and scarcity are abiding themes in modernist literature and culture, reflecting tensions amidst colonial, agricultural, and industrial settings. This timely volume ultimately shows how global literary modernisms engage with food culture known as gastronomy to express anxieties about modernity as much as to celebrate the excesses modern lifestyles produce.
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Recchi, Ettore, Adrian Favell, Fulya Apaydin, Roxana Barbulescu, Michael Braun, Irina Ciornei, Niall Cunningham, et al. Everyday Europe. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447334200.001.0001.
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Drawing on unique research and rich data on cross-border practices, this book offers an empirically-based view on Europeans’ interconnections in everyday life. It looks at the ways in which EU residents have been getting closer across national frontiers: in their everyday experiences of foreign countries – work, travel, personal networks – but also their knowledge, consumption of foreign products, and attitudes towards foreign culture. These evolving European dimensions have been enabled by the EU-backed legal opening to transnational economic and cultural transactions, while also differing according to national contexts. The book considers how people reconcile their increasing cross-border interconnections and a politically separating Europe of nation states and national interests.
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Edwards, Clive, Andrew Wallace-Hadrill, Katherine L. French, Amanda Flather, Clive Edwards, Jane Hamlett, Despina Stratigakos, and Joanne Berry, eds. A Cultural History of the Home in the Age of Enlightenment. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474207164.
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During the period of the Enlightenment, the word ‘home’ could refer to a specific and defined physical living space, the location of domestic life, and a concept related to ideas of roots, origins, and retreat. The transformations that the Enlightenment encouraged created the circumstances for the concept of home to change and develop in the following three ways. First to influence homemaking were the literary and cultural manifestations that included issues around attitudes to education, social order and disorder, sensibility, and sexuality. Secondly, were the roles of visual and material culture of the home that demonstrated themselves through print, portraiture, literature, objects and products, and dress and fashion. Thirdly, were the industrial and sociological aspects that included concepts of luxury, progress, trade and technology, consumption, domesticity, and the notions of public and private spaces within a home. The chapters in this volume therefore discuss and reflect upon issues relating to the home through a range of approaches. Enlightenment homes are examined in terms of signification and meaning; the persons who inhabited them; the physical buildings and their furniture and furnishings; the work undertaken within them; the differing roles of men and women; the nature of hospitality, and the important role of religion in the home. Taken together they give a valuable overview of the manners, customs, and operation of the Enlightenment home.
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Adams, Lisa, and Patrizia Calefato. Luxury: Fashion, Lifestyle and Excess. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2014.
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Luxury: Fashion, Lifestyle and Excess. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2014.
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Wang, Y. Yvon. Reinventing Licentiousness. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501752971.001.0001.
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This book navigates an overlooked history of representation during the transition from the Qing Empire to the Chinese Republic — a time when older, hierarchical notions of licentiousness were overlaid by a new, pornographic regime. The book draws on previously untapped archives to argue that pornography in China represents a unique configuration of power and desire that both reflects and shapes historical processes. On the one hand, since the late imperial period, pornography has democratized pleasure in China and opened up new possibilities of imagining desire. On the other, ongoing controversies over its definition and control show how the regulatory ideas of premodern cultural politics and the popular products of early modern cultural markets have contoured the globalized world. The book emphasizes the material factors, particularly at the grassroots level of consumption and trade, that governed “proper” sexual desire and led to ideological shifts around the definition of pornography. By linking the past to the present and beyond, the book's social and intellectual history showcases circulated pornographic material as a motor for cultural change. The result is an astonishing foray into what historicizing pornography can mean for our understandings of desire, legitimacy, capitalism, and culture.
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Brand Islam: The Marketing and Commodification of Piety. University of Texas Press, 2016.
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Brand Islam: The Marketing and Commodification of Piety. University of Texas Press, 2016.
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Shirazi, Faegheh. Brand Islam: The Marketing and Commodification of Piety. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2016.
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Cinotto, Simone. Serving Ethnicity. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037733.003.0006.
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This chapter examines how Italian restaurateurs used food to represent Italian American identity and nation outside the community. In the interwar years, the position of Italian Americans in the larger life of New York City was still far from secure and subject to a complicated range of attitudes. The exclusionary Immigration Act of 1924 was filled with fearful allusions to the racial inadequacy of Italian immigrants and their inability to make good American citizens. At the same time, however, Italian immigrant restaurateurs and restaurant workers were beginning to transform cultural differences into highly marketable products for mass consumption. This chapter first provides an overview of the economy of Italian restaurants during the period 1900–1940 before discussing how popular culture, race, and performance converged at such establishments. It also considers customer–worker relations in Italian restaurants and shows that Italian restaurants attracted non-Italian middle-class customers by offering popular Italian food in an original and ultimately appealing ethnic narrative.
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Sowerby, Tracey A., and Joanna Craigwood, eds. Cultures of Diplomacy and Literary Writing in the Early Modern World. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198835691.001.0001.
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This interdisciplinary volume explores core emerging themes in the study of early modern literary-diplomatic relations, developing essential methods of analysis and theoretical approaches that will shape future research in the field. Contributions focus on three intimately related areas: the impact of diplomatic protocol on literary production; the role of texts in diplomatic practice, particularly those that operated as ‘textual ambassadors’; and the impact of changes in the literary sphere on diplomatic culture. The literary sphere held such a central place because it gave diplomats the tools to negotiate the pervasive ambiguities of diplomacy; simultaneously literary depictions of diplomacy and international law provided genre-shaped places for cultural reflection on the rapidly changing and expanding diplomatic sphere. Translations exemplify the potential of literary texts both to provoke competition and to promote cultural convergence between political communities, revealing the existence of diplomatic third spaces in which ritual, symbolic, or written conventions and semantics converged despite particular oppositions and differences. The increasing public consumption of diplomatic material in Europe illuminates diplomatic and literary communities, and exposes the translocal, as well as the transnational, geographies of literary-diplomatic exchanges. Diplomatic texts possessed symbolic capital. They were produced, archived, and even redeployed in creative tension with the social and ceremonial worlds that produced them. Appreciating the generic conventions of specific types of diplomatic texts can radically reshape our interpretation of diplomatic encounters, just as exploring the afterlives of diplomatic records can transform our appreciation of the histories and literatures they inspired.
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Dyer, Christopher. Rural Living 1100–1540. Edited by Christopher Gerrard and Alejandra Gutiérrez. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744719.013.9.
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This chapter considers the material culture of rural life in the later Middle Ages and the motives behind peasant consumption. Rural settlements with their houses and plots may contain evidence for agricultural tasks such as ploughing, tools of cultivation, and the storage of crops as well as space for the production of pigs, poultry, honey, and garden produce. The house, its buildings, yards, gardens, and orchards was not just the base from which cultivators set out to work in the fields, meadows, and woods. Much of the working lives of the family, especially the females, was devoted to processing crops for household consumption and sale. Food preparation has left archaeological traces such as fragments of hand-mills for home grinding of grain and malt in the home, and shallow pottery pans for dairying; meat production is suggested by butchers’ waste. The article argues that the rural poor made skilful adaptations to their environment.
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Halliday, Aria S. Buy Black. University of Illinois Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252044274.001.0001.
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Negotiating the line between “sell out” and “for us, by us,” Buy Black explores how Black women cultural producers’ further Black women’s historical position as the moral compass and arbiter of Black racial progress in the United States. Black women cultural producers’ aesthetic choices communicate that even though capitalist discourses dictate that anything is sellable in our society, there are some symbols of beauty, femininity, and sexuality that sell better than others because of how they occupy the set of already recognizable and, at times, relatable representations of blackness. While they compete in the consumer market for the attention and loyalty of Black consumer dollars, their capitulation to white corporate interests and audiences requires propagating historical tensions regarding Black consumer citizenship and multicultural inclusion. Each chapter contextualizes the role that Black women in the United States play in the global project of Black consumption, questioning which dolls, which princesses, which rags-to-riches narratives, and which characteristics represent the repertoire of Black girlhood. Through themes of self-making and objectification in dolls, princesses, and hip-hop, Buy Black maps the imagined space of “America” and the cultural attitudes that produced a twenty-first-century Black American sensibility based in representation and consumerism. Buy Black teaches all of us the parameters of Black symbolic power by mapping the confluence of intraracial ideals of blackness, womanhood, beauty, play, and sexuality in popular culture.
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Bennett, Jana Marguerite. Choice: Never Married and Paul. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190462628.003.0002.
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Being never-married is culturally presented as a choice a person makes—especially a consumer-driven choice—in which one chooses to be married, or not. One result is that people (especially women) and sexual relationships become objects for consumption, driven by desire. Sexual desire becomes a consumer desire that can be gotten at will, like a product in a store. Consumer desire in turn shows up in the descriptions people have about wanting to get married. At the same time, remaining unmarried continues to be seen as a mistaken consumer “choice,” especially among Christians. The Apostle Paul, a never-married man, offers new possibilities for thinking about choices. His focus is not on whether to remain single or get married, but rather to choose to engage each relationship (whether romantic or not) with the care and love it deserves.
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Century of American Icons: 100 Products and Slogans from the 20th-Century Consumer Culture. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2002.
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A Century of American Icons: 100 Products and Slogans from the 20th-Century Consumer Culture. Greenwood Press, 2002.
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Moore, Sean D. Slavery and the Making of Early American Libraries. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836377.001.0001.
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Early American libraries stood at the nexus of two transatlantic branches of commerce—the book trade and the slave trade. Slavery and the Making of Early American Libraries bridges the study of these trades by demonstrating how Americans’ profits from slavery were reinvested in imported British books and providing evidence that the colonial book market was shaped, in part, by the demand of slave owners for metropolitan cultural capital. It makes these claims on the basis of recent scholarship on how participation in London cultural life was very expensive in the eighteenth century, and evidence that enslavers were therefore some of the few early Americans who could afford importing British cultural products. In doing so, this work merges the fields of the history of the book, Atlantic studies, and the study of race, arguing that the empire-wide circulation of British books was underwritten by the labor of the African diaspora. This book, accordingly, is the first in early American and eighteenth-century British studies to fuse our growing understanding of the material culture of the transatlantic text with our awareness of slavery as an economic and philanthropic basis for the production and consumption of knowledge. In studying the American dissemination of works of British literature and political thought, this book claims that Americans were seeking out the forms of citizenship, constitutional traditions, and rights that were the signature of that British identity. Even though they were purchasing the sovereignty of Anglo-Americans at the expense of African-Americans through these books, however, some colonials were also making the case for the abolition of slavery.
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Barnhill, Anne, Mark Budolfson, and Tyler Doggett, eds. [Oxford] Handbook of Food Ethics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199372263.001.0001.
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Food ethics, as an academic pursuit, is vast, incorporating work from philosophy as well as anthropology, economics, environmental sciences and other natural sciences, geography, law, and sociology. This Handbook provides a sample of recent philosophical work in food ethics. This philosophical work addresses ethical issues with agricultural production, the structure of the global food system, the ethics of personal food consumption, the ethics of food policy, and cultural understandings of food and eating, among other issues. The work in this Handbook draws on multiple literatures within philosophy, including practical ethics, normative ethics, and political philosophy, as well as drawing on non-philosophical work. Part I considers ethical issues concerning the industrial model of farming that dominates in developed countries, looking most closely at industrial crop farming and its environmental effects. Part II concerns the ethics of animal agriculture. Part III concerns the ethics of consumption: is it morally permissible to consume various products? Part IV concerns justice—including racial, social, and economic justice—in the food system. Part V discusses some ethical and legal issues with specific kinds of food policies, including healthy eating policies, food labeling, and agricultural guest worker programs. Part VI includes four essays taking a critical eye to our public discourse about, and personal experiences of, dieting, healthy eating, and obesity prevention. Lastly, the essays in Part VII concern the personal, social, and moral significance of food.
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Lapham, Heather A., and Gregory A. Waselkov, eds. Bears. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401384.001.0001.
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Thanks to Irving Hallowell’s classic 1926 comparative ethnography on the special mythic status of bears in Subarctic cultures, anthropologists are generally aware that peoples throughout the northern hemisphere have treated bears as far more than a subsistence resource, something more akin to another kind of human or, to use Hallowell’s famous phrase, “other-than-human persons.” While Hallowell provided ample evidence of bear ceremonialism in northern latitudes, he found little evidence for the special treatment of bears elsewhere in Native North America. Archaeological and historical research over the last nine decades, however, has produced vast unsynthesized information about the roles of bears in Native American beliefs, rituals, and subsistence. This book is the first collective effort since Hallowell’s formative publication to consider how Native peoples viewed, treated, and used black bears (Ursus americanus) through time across Eastern North America. Contributors draw on zooarchaeological, ethnohistorical, ethnographic, and other evidence of bear hunting, consumption, and use, while contemplating the range of relationships that existed between bears and humans. They have reviewed thousands of pages of ethnohistorical and ethnographic documents and summarized and interpreted data on bear remains from nearly 300 archaeological sites from Quebec to the Gulf of Mexico. Native peoples perceived and related to bears in remarkably diverse ways. Our authors explore the religious and economic significance of bears and bear products (meat, fat, oil, pelts, etc.), bear imagery in Native art and artifacts, and bears in Native worldviews, kinship systems, and cosmologies, along with their role as exported commodities in trans-Atlantic trade.
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Fielding, Penny. Scotland and the North. Edited by David Duff. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199660896.013.7.
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The term ‘Romanticism’ takes on different associations when we consider its geographical extent. This chapter thinks about national configurations of space and time. Scotland was at once a modern producer of literature in the period and a way of imagining an ancient Romance past for modern culture. Scotland reinvents northern spaces, such as the Highlands or the Borders, as literary ones that signify this doubled temporality. Taking as key examples the poetry and novels of James Macpherson, Robert Burns, Walter Scott, and James Hogg, the chapter explores how the legal, economic, and political changes in Scotland’s history after the 1707 Act of Union are translated into centres of literary production that revived the ‘primitive’ past for contemporary consumption. This doubled temporality in turn gives rise to ironic doubling of voice or Gothic tropes in Scottish writing of the period.
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Frid, Christopher L. J., and Bryony A. Caswell. Ongoing issues. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198726289.003.0004.
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Although current understanding of the sources, fate and impacts of many contaminants are now well-known and regulated by national and international bodies and conventions, a number remain problematic. Some are produced in very large quantities (e.g. nutrients, detergents, oil) and others are persistent in the environment (e.g. radioactivity and plastics). All are known threats that have either been ignored, took time to manifest, or have been challenging to manage. For most of these pollutants, regulations exist but changes in the nature (e.g. microplastics) or scale (e.g. increased use of fertilisers, increased livestock culture and sewage production, and changes in energy consumption as the global population grows) may mean existing regulation or management is in some way deficient. For others, (e.g. radioactivity, plastics and threats to biosecurity such as non-native invasive species introductions) the challenges associated with regulation and management are yet to be solved.
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Lury, Celia, Deirdre Boden, and Scott Lash. Global Culture Industries: The Mediation of Things. Polity Press, 2007.
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Hayden, Craig. Entertainment Technologies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.386.
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Entertainment technologies are not new, and neither is their relevance for international studies. As studies evidence, the impact of entertainment technologies is often visible at the intersection of “traditional” international relations concerns, such as national security, political economy, and the relation of citizens to the nation-state, and new modes of transnational identity and social action. Thus the study of entertainment technologies in the context of international studies is often interdisciplinary—both in method and in theoretical framework. Moreover, the production, regulation, and dissemination of these technologies have been at the center of controversies over the flow of news and cultural products since the dawn of popular communication in the nineteenth century. These entertainment technologies include video games, virtual worlds and online role-playing games, recreational social networking technologies, and, to a lesser degree, traditional mass communication outlets. In addition, there are two primary emphases in the scholarly treatment of entertainment technologies. At the level of audience consumption and participation, media outlets considered as entertainment technologies can be discussed as means for acquiring information and cultivating attitudes, and as a “space” for interaction. At the more “macro” level of social relations and production, representation can work to reinforce modes of belonging, identity, and attitudes.
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Hachad, Naïma. Revisionary Narratives. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789620221.001.0001.
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Revisionary Narratives examines the historical and formal evolutions of Moroccan women’s auto/biography in the last four decades, particularly its conflation with testimony and its expansion beyond literary texts. It analyzes auto/biographical and testimonial acts in Arabic, colloquial Moroccan Darija, French, and English in the fields of prison narratives, visual arts, theater performance, and digital media, situating them within specific sociopolitical and cultural contexts of production and consumption. Part One begins by tracing the rise of a feminist consciousness in prison narratives produced and/or published in the late 1970s through the 2000s. Part Two moves to analyzing the ubiquity of auto/biography and testimony in the arts as well as contemporary sociopolitical activism. The focus throughout the various case studies is women’s engagement with patriarchal and (neo)imperial norms and practices as they relate to their experiences of political violence, activism, migration, and displacement. To understand why and how women collapse the boundaries between autobiography, biography, testimony, and sociopolitical commentary, the book employs a broad, transdisciplinary, montage approach that combines theories on gender and autobiography and takes into account postcolonial, postmodern, transnational, transglobal and translocal perspectives.
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Clunas, Craig. Things in Between: Splendour and Excess in Ming China. Edited by Frank Trentmann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561216.013.0003.
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There is plenty of evidence that, during the Ming dynasty in China, the enjoyment of the fruits of commerce was not so frowned upon as the texts of orthodox morality and political economy might imply. The enormous quantities of surviving Ming material culture, which are continuously being augmented by archaeology (since people were buried with goods for use in the afterlife), range from secular and religious buildings, the paintings and calligraphy produced and consumed by the elite, through printed books, furniture, metalwork, textiles, jewellery, carving in a variety of materials from jade to bamboo, and ceramics to weapons and tools. What we find in Ming texts are ways of talking about what we now call ‘consumption’ in ways that are either negative or positive, but which are never detached from a discourse of morality, of good (or bad) governance, and ultimately of a universal order that links humanity and its actions to wider cosmic matters of harmony or disjointedness. This article discusses splendour and excess in Ming China.
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Outka, Elizabeth. Consuming Traditions: Modernity, Modernism, and the Commodified Authentic. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2009.
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Consuming Traditions: Modernity, Modernism, and the Commodified Authentic. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2012.
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Outka, Elizabeth. Consuming Traditions: Modernity, Modernism, and the Commodified Authentic. Oxford University Press, 2008.
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Steinberg, Ellen F., and Jack H. Prost. Midwest City Life. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036200.003.0003.
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This chapter focuses on the Sephardic Jews who settled in the Midwest. Wherever the Sephardi settled in the Heartland, the local press often noted their presence and customs, because they were distinct enough from the more familiar Ashkenazi to warrant comment. They were multinational and multilingual by culture and practice. Instead of speaking German or Yiddish, as did most of the Ashkenazi of Europe, many Sephardic Jews spoke, wrote, and prayed in Ladino. Sephardic interpretations of halakhah (Jewish Law), dating to the sixteenth century, were also distinct from those of the Ashkenazic. The major difference relates to the holiday of Passover that celebrates the Israelites' liberation from Egyptian slavery. During the eight days of Passover, no Jew is supposed to consume hametz (leavened) grain products that have come into contact with moisture for more than eighteen minutes or that have been made with yeast. While also abstaining from leavened breads, Sephardim do not include rice-based cakes, fritters, or other baked goods in the category of proscribed hametz because the main component cannot rise even with the addition of yeast. Sephardic rules also permit the consumption of legumes during this holiday. As a case in point, delicacies, such as Frittada de Pressa (fried leek pancakes) and nutty-flavored Sodra/Sorda (fava bean soup), are consumed with gusto at Sephardic ritual Passover meals.
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Woolley, Samuel C., and Philip N. Howard. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190931407.003.0001.
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Computational propaganda is an emergent form of political manipulation that occurs over the Internet. The term describes the assemblage of social media platforms, autonomous agents, algorithms, and big data tasked with manipulating public opinion. Our research shows that this new mode of interrupting and influencing communication is on the rise around the globe. Advances in computing technology, especially around social automation, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, mean that computational propaganda is becoming more sophisticated and harder to track. This introduction explores the foundations of computational propaganda. It describes the key role of automated manipulation of algorithms in recent efforts to control political communication worldwide. We discuss the social data science of political communication and build upon the argument that algorithms and other computational tools now play an important political role in news consumption, issue awareness, and cultural understanding. We unpack key findings of the nine country case studies that follow—exploring the role of computational propaganda during events from local and national elections in Brazil to the ongoing security crisis between Ukraine and Russia. Our methodology in this work has been purposefully mixed, using quantitative analysis of data from several social media platforms and qualitative work that includes interviews with the people who design and deploy political bots and disinformation campaigns. Finally, we highlight original evidence about how this manipulation and amplification of disinformation is produced, managed, and circulated by political operatives and governments, and describe paths for both democratic intervention and future research in this space.
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Etty, John. Graphic Satire in the Soviet Union. University Press of Mississippi, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496820525.001.0001.
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Krokodil produced state-sanctioned satirical comments on Soviet and international affairs from 1922 onward. Authored by professional and non-professional contributors, and published by Pravda in Moscow, it became the satirical magazine with the largest circulation in the world. Every Soviet citizen and every scholar of the USSR was familiar with Krokodil as the most significant and influential source of graphic satire in the USSR. This book uses an original framework for reconsidering the forms, production, consumption, and functions of Krokodil magazine. It considers the magazine's content, structures and conventions; it also uses modern cultural and media theory to look beyond content analysis to consider visual language and the performative construction of character. Empirical analysis of Krokodil is thus used to extend and nuance our understanding of Soviet graphic satire beyond state-sponsored propaganda. In several ways, this book challenges existing approaches. It conducts close readings of a large range of different types of cartoons that have not before been discussed in depth, and it does so in ways that reveal new insights. It shows that Krokodil's satire was complex, subtle and intermedial. It highlights the importance of Krokodil's readers' and artists' collaborative exploration and shaping of the boundaries of permissible discourse, and it argues that Krokodil's cartoons simultaneously affirmed, refracted and critiqued official discourses, counterposing them with visions of Soviet citizens' responses. Ideology, Krokodil's satire suggests, is an interpretive tool for negotiating everyday reality and official discourses, and it was not always to be taken seriously.