Academic literature on the topic 'Cultural motivated crime'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cultural motivated crime"
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Grudecki, Michał Roman. "Plagiarism as a Culturally-Motivated Crime." Asian Journal of Law and Economics 12, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ajle-2021-0054.
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Abstract The article discusses the possibility of classifying plagiarism as a culturally motivated crime. Creating works, especially written works, is strongly related to culture as well as to knowledge and skills acquired during education. Therefore, plagiarism can be perceived as a culturally-conditioned act, and, thus, differently perceived depending upon the culture with which the artist identifies themselves. The author juxtapose two legal orders, namely of countries where plagiarism is a crime and those where the failure to mark the authorship of a work results from the customs prevailing in their culture, i.e. societies influenced by Confucian philosophy. The research goal is to raise the hypothesis and determine whether the perpetrator of culturally motivated plagiarism can use one of the tools indicated in criminal law, the so-called cultural defense.
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Leander, N. Pontus, Jannis Kreienkamp, Maximilian Agostini, Wolfgang Stroebe, Ernestine H. Gordijn, and Arie W. Kruglanski. "Biased hate crime perceptions can reveal supremacist sympathies." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 32 (July 27, 2020): 19072–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1916883117.
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People may be sympathetic to violent extremism when it serves their own interests. Such support may manifest itself via biased recognition of hate crimes. Psychological surveys were conducted in the wakes of mass shootings in the United States, New Zealand, and the Netherlands (totaln= 2,332), to test whether factors that typically predict endorsement of violent extremism also predict biased hate crime perceptions. Path analyses indicated a consistent pattern of motivated judgment: hate crime perceptions were directly biased by prejudicial attitudes and indirectly biased by an aggrieved sense of disempowerment and White/Christian nationalism. After the shooting at a synagogue in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, disempowerment-fueled anti-Semitism predicted lower perceptions that the gunman was motivated by hatred and prejudice (study 1). After the shootings that occurred at two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand, disempowerment-fueled Islamoprejudice similarly predicted lower hate crime perceptions (study 2a). Conversely, after the tram shooting in Utrecht, Netherlands (which was perpetrated by a Turkish-born immigrant), disempowerment-fueled Islamoprejudice predicted higher hate crime perceptions (study 2b). Finally, after the Walmart shooting in El Paso, Texas, hate crime perceptions were specifically biased by an ethnonationalist view of Hispanic immigrants as a symbolic (rather than realistic) threat to America; that is, disempowered individuals deemphasized likely hate crimes due to symbolic concerns about cultural supremacy rather than material concerns about jobs or crime (study 3). Altogether, biased hate crime perceptions can be purposive and reveal supremacist sympathies.
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Saul, Ben. "The Legal Relationship between Terrorism and Transnational Crime." International Criminal Law Review 17, no. 3 (June 14, 2017): 417–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01703001.
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This article examines the legal relationship between terrorism and other transnational crimes. It considers how terrorist groups instrumentally commit other transnational crimes in order to support their terrorist activities, as well as when terrorist acts can qualify as other transnational crimes. The overlap and differentiation between terrorism and transnational organised crime is explored by reference to the un Transnational Organised Crime Convention 2000 (untoc) and its three protocols on human trafficking, migrant smuggling, and firearms trafficking. In particular, the article examines the distinction between politically motivated terrorism and the financial or material benefit that is central to the definition under the untoc. Beyond the untoc, the article then investigates the relationship between terrorism and a cluster of more disparate transnational crimes, including drug trafficking, illicit trafficking in cultural property, illicit exploitation of natural resources and environmental crimes, and kidnapping for ransom. The article identifies gaps in existing legal regimes.
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Sudika Mangku, Dewa Gede, and Kadek Astiti Narayani. "The Dangers of The Crime of Genocide: International Law Review." Journal of Judicial Review 24, no. 1 (June 6, 2022): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37253/jjr.v24i1.6467.
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The crime of genocide in criminal law international law is an extraordinary crime and has become an prohibited which was later enshrined in the 1948 Genocide Convention, the statute International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), statute International Criminal Tribunals for Rwanda (ICTR) and the 1998 Rome Statute. This study aims to determine the crime of genocide that experienced when viewed in international law and dispute resolution methods genocide under international law. This research using normative doctrinal or juridical legal research. Research result states that the main cause of the crime of genocide is motivated by the struggle for the rights of ethnic minorities and the existence of fanatical and racial religions that are shown in discrimination cultural. Crimes committed by the Myanmar government by Ethnics Rohingya Muslims constitute an international crime of genocide, because has fulfilled several main elements, namely mass murder, discrimination against minority religions, is carried out systematically, and aims to eliminating certain ethnic groups and groups.
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Mason, Gail. "A Picture of Bias Crime in New South Wales." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 11, no. 1 (March 27, 2019): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v11.i1.6402.
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Bias Crime is crime where the victim is targeted because of an aspect of their identity, including race, ethnicity, religion or sexuality. It is an extreme manifestation of cultural tension and conflict. Bias crime remains under-researched in Australia. While there has been some investigation into different types of bias crime, such as racist and homophobic offences, there is little analysis of the nature and extent of bias crime across these categories. For the first time, this article presents the results of a study into official records of bias crime held by the New South Wales Police Force. The study shows that crimes motivated by bias based on the victim’s race/ethnicity and religion are by far the most common types of bias crime reported in NSW. People from Asian, Indian/Pakistani and Muslim backgrounds are the most likely victims to report bias crime. The study also shows that there is much work to be done to encourage bias crime reporting amongst marginalised communities and improve the capacity of police to identify and accurately record bias crime. We argue that civil society has an important role to play in building partnerships with police to achieve positive change in the policing of bias crime.
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Wulandari, Sri. "TRAFFICKING CRIME PREVENTION POLICIES FROM A PHILOSOPHICAL, SOCIOLOGICAL, AND JURIDICAL PERSPECTIVE." Journal Philosophy of Law 3, no. 4 (November 2, 2022): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.56444/jpl.v3i4.3352.
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<p><em>The article was written to analyze the policy of overcoming the crime of trafficking as regulated in Law no. 7 of 1984 concerning the Ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination and Law no. 21 of 2007 concerning the Crime of Human Trafficking (Trafficking).</em><em> Human trafficking is a criminal act and violates human rights. Considering that Indonesia is the country of origin for the victims of human trafficking, the number of which is quite large, it is necessary to follow up with instruments in the form of prevention and the provision of criminal sanctions. This article addresses two questions: First, how is the legal protection for women and children victims of human trafficking?</em> <em>Second, what is the policy for dealing with trafficking crimes from a philosophical, sociological, and juridical perspective? This article concludes that the crime of human trafficking often occurs in vulnerable groups, namely women and children (victims), motivated by economic, social, and cultural factors. Efforts to protect victims’ rights have been carried out even though they have not been optimal through the prevention and prosecution of perpetrators. Law enforcement against the crime of trafficking is carried out with the concept of punishment and providing compensation/restitution to victims and/or their families. Trafficking is a transnational crime, so handling crimes needs to be done bilaterally/multilaterally. In addition to prioritizing penal facilities, it is necessary to seek non-penal means, involving the community in preventing and overcoming crime through preventive and repressive efforts.</em></p>
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Nurse, Angus. "Masculinities and Animal Harm." Men and Masculinities 23, no. 5 (November 17, 2020): 908–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x20965458.
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This paper explores the role of masculinities in animal harm and conceptions on the Masculinities Offender, primarily motivated by power and masculine behaviors. Within “masculinities crimes,” the exercise of power allied to sport or entertainment is significantly linked to organized crime and gambling. Masculinities crimes also include elements of cruelty or animal abuse and perceptions by offenders of their actions having cultural significance, and where toughness, masculinity, and smartness combine with a love of excitement. Examples include badger digging, badger baiting, cock-fighting, and other crimes involving the “sporting” killing or taking of wildlife. This article explores masculinities offender rationalizations and associated masculinity-based negative attitudes towards animals and animal harm. The public policy response to masculinities crimes reflects acceptance of the violent nature of offenders. Yet arguably enforcement and punishment through use of surveillance activities and undercover operations, and reliance on prison as the primary deterrent/sanction risks being counter-productive and reinforcing the very masculinities that underlie offending behavior.
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Sarkar, Swati. "Evaluation of Current Investigations and Future Directions in White-Collar Crime." Scholars International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 6, no. 02 (February 12, 2023): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijlcj.2023.v06i02.003.
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Background: White-collar crime refers to illegal activities that individuals or organizations commit during business or professional activities. These crimes are often financially motivated and include embezzlement, fraud, bribery, money laundering, and insider trading. White-collar crime can have significant consequences for individuals, organizations, and society. Objectives: The objectives of research on white-collar crime may include understanding the motivations and behaviors of those who engage in such activities and identifying the organizational and societal factors. That contributes to the prevalence of white-collar crime and the development of new methods for detecting and preventing white-collar crime. Method: This review highlights and assesses recent (primarily during the past decade) contributions to white-collar crime theory, new evidence regarding the sentencing and punishment of white-collar offenders, and controversies surrounding crime prevention and control policies. Several promising new directions for white-collar crime research are identified, as are methodological and data deficiencies that limit progress. Results: The results of a study on white-collar crime can vary depending on the specific research question and methods used. However, some common findings include the prevalence of certain types of white-collar crime, the characteristics of individuals and organizations that are most likely to engage in such activities, and the impact of white-collar crime on individuals, organizations, and society as a whole. Conclusion: The research conclusion on white-collar crime may summarize the main findings, highlight the implications of the research, and make recommendations for future research. Evaluation of Current Investigations and Future Directions: Current investigations on white-collar crime have greatly improved our understanding of white-collar offenders' motivations, behaviors and methods. However, there are still areas that need further exploration, such as the study of the psychological profiles of white-collar offenders, the impact of technology on white-collar crime and its detection, and the examination of the role of organizational culture in the commission of the white-collar crime. It is also crucial to focus on the development of effective interventions and policies to prevent white-collar crime from happening. Future research may also consider the global and cross-cultural dimensions of white-collar crime.
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Ossei-Owusu, Shaun. "RATS, RANDOM RETRIBUTION, AND REVOLUTION." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 7, no. 1 (2010): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x10000184.
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The abysmal state of the American criminal justice system and its pernicious features has been well documented in much of the relevant literature. Feeley and Simon (1992) propose the notion of a “new penology” that prioritizes efficient, cost-effective (and often actuarial) techniques to manage criminal populations, while Katherine Beckett (1997) argues that the punitive shift in crime control policy was an ideologically motivated response to the Civil Rights Movement, with political rhetoric fomenting fears of crime and public policy reflecting the vogue of law-and-order punishment. David Garland's (2001) comparative study of the United States and Britain suggests that “late modernity,” which encompasses much of the social, economic, cultural, and technological advancements and changes of the second half of the twentieth century (e.g. wage stagnation, regressive tax policies, suburbanization, the rise in the service economy, new penal technologies), along with neoconservative politics in the 1980s played key roles in the reconfiguration of the criminal justice system.
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Lo, Celia C., William Ash-Houchen, and Heather M. Gerling. "The Double-Edged Sword of Gender Equality." International Criminal Justice Review 27, no. 4 (April 21, 2017): 255–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057567717700492.
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Objectives: While the literature confirms the applicability of routine activity/lifestyle theory in studying individual crime victimization, this study asks whether neighborhood disorganization as well as—on the level of the nation—income inequality, attitudes about gender equality, and the meeting of citizens’ basic human needs are associated with opportunity for crime and so might contribute to the explanation of victimization. The study measures demographic variables that could indicate the presence of motivated offenders and likely crime targets, as well as the absence of effective guardians. Methods: The data come from the sixth wave of the World Values Survey (collected 2010–2014), from the Social Progress Index Report, and from information compiled by the World Bank. The present sample numbers 64,861 respondents, representing 46 countries. Results: The data analysis suggests that risk of victimization increases in the presence of income inequality and gender equality, and decreases where people’s basic human needs are met. The relationship between neighborhood disorganization and one employed victimization measure was found to be moderated by attitudes about gender equality. Conclusions: Further investigation of the role of opportunity and routine activity/lifestyle factors (macro- and individual-level) could improve understanding of victimization, particularly related to the complex interplay between structural and cultural predictors of victimization.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cultural motivated crime"
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FERLA, LARA. "I percorsi delle cultural defenses tra garanzie di legalità e richieste di riconoscimento delle identità culturali." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/9456.
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In modern pluralistic society minorities and indigenous groups sometimes ask the legal system to recognize their cultural heritage and their costumary law in deciding criminal cases. This request is often rejected by the Courts, because of the difficulty of adopting solutions which appear prejudicial to the rights of victims and because of the need to solve conflicts that require special knowledge and expertise in cultural matter. Especially in United States of America there is an extraordinary range of cases in which individual attempted to invoke a special legale excuse, the "Cultural Defense", in order to avoid penalty or to obtain a mitigation of sanctions. This legal institute has appeared first in the judicial practise and then recently has become object of careful study by scholars, who have shown some features and characteristic, including arguments for and against the acceptance of this excuse. This study attempts to analyze the Cultural Defense and the Cultural Motivated Crime (Cultural Offense) precisely starting from the U.S. legal framework to reach Europe and Italy, where cultural diversity is mostly represented by immigrants and nomadic people. The aim is to understand the possible relevance in these Country, especially in Italy, of defendant's cultural background in explaining criminal behaviour. After examining the most recent legislative reforms in criminal law and judicial practise, it may be possible to underline some points of convergence or dissonance with U.S. context and to highlight the current trend in progress into Italian criminal justice system about the possibility for Courts to take into account cultural factors to consider and evaluate the personal culpability and to mitigate sanctions.
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Paladino, Alessandra. "Identità culturale e diritto penale. Riflessioni sul reato culturalmente motivato." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1621.
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Oggetto della trattazione e' la disamina delle soluzioni dottrinarie e giurisprudenziali piu'significative e stimolanti nel dibattito aperto sul reato culturalmente motivato. Il punto di partenza e' l'affermazione del ruolo della cultura nella vita degli individui. L'istituto della cultural defense e' individuato come strumento potenzialmente atto a garantire il diritto alla cultura, il diritto alla liberta'di religione e coscienza, il principio di uguaglianza, nei limiti del rispetto dei diritti umani tutelati dalle norme di diritto internazionale.
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Grzyb, Magdalena. "Kryminologiczne i prawnokarne aspekty przestępstw motywowanych kulturowo." Praca doktorska, 2015. http://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/44280.
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Santos, Marcelo Paiva dos. "Da natureza comum da forma de ser dos povos: uma análise jurídica em sentido negativo." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/87590.
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Tese de Doutoramento em Direito, no ramo de Ciências Jurídico-Filosóficas, apresentada à Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de CoimbraO presente trabalho procura mostrar que os (des)encontros das diferenças, tal como são hoje solucionados em termos jurídicos, desde o Direito de matriz europeia-ocidental, greco-romana e judaico cristã, têm gerado dificuldades de ordem prático-decisória, ocasionando lesões a uma esfera singular de direito do ser humano, que é a forma de ser dos povos. Essa é entendida enquanto aquele conjunto de expressividades comportamentais típicas dos povos que toca o próprio cerne constitutivo do ser humano, apresentando, a partir da influência de inúmeros fatores co-constitutivos, uma natureza comum que é a razão de ser da inafastável proteção que referida dimensão do humano possui. A análise é feita em sentido negativo, sob a inspiração vichiana, procurando-se mostrar as falhas de alguns enfrentamentos jurídicos, bem como com o que a proposta lançada não se confunde. A exploração da noção jurídica de pessoa humana, entendida como aquela aquisição axiológica, de que fala Castanheira Neves, mostrou-se como um caminho juridicamente consistente para fundamentar o direito da forma de ser dos povos. Explorando a noção de natureza das coisas, o estudo procura deixar explicitado que a tese do direito da forma de ser dos povos não se confunde com tal noção, concluindo que é a partir dos atos humanos de atribuição de sentidos que o aspecto valorativo é adequadamente sopesado em termos jurídicos. Explora-se, também, a noção do costume jurídico, dos mores ou folkways, buscando-se mostrar que a tese do direito da forma de ser dos povos com tais noções também não se confunde. Em decorrência da amplitude de investigações sobre a temática desde o viés jurídico-criminal, procura-se mostrar em que sentido o referido viés é inafastável, não se contrapondo à proposta. E, ainda, mostra-se que as necessidades humanas precisam ser entendidas enquanto valores e em que sentido podem ser aproveitáveis à temática investigada. Procura-se mostrar, também, desde análise de decisões judiciais e da legislação, que há um déficit em termos de fundamentação das decisões que têm sido proferidas em casos práticos envolvendo (des)encontros das diferenças. Defende-se que o direito da forma de ser dos povos seja reconhecido, num primeiro momento, em termos jurisprudenciais para, em se consolidando jurisprudencialmente, poder vir a ser inserido nos diplomas legais de direitos. Em termos conclusivos e num sentido positivo, procura-se apresentar um enquadramento do direito que se defende a partir de discussões doutrinárias a respeito dos direitos individuais e coletivos.
This work argues that the solutions provided by Western law to the conflicts emerging from the confrontation of different cultures have been undermining a particular legal sphere of the human being: the peoples’ way of being. This is here understood as a set of typical behavioral expressions that comprise the very constitutive core of the human being, presenting a common nature that calls for and justifies its unremovable protection. Taking inspiration from Giambattista Vico’s oeuvre, this work proceeds in a negative fashion, seeking to delineate our proposal through correlated, but ultimately disparate approaches as well as through flaws in some legal solutions that are often given. The exploration of the notion of human person, understood as that axiological acquisition referred to Castanheira Neves, proved to be a juridically consistent way to vindicate the right to the peoples’ way of being. This study also attempts to demonstrate that the premise of the right to the peoples’ way of being js not akin to the notions of nature of things, custom, mores or folkways. On the other hand, it seeks to show in which sense the contribution of criminal law is essential to the proposal and how the notion of human needs should be understood in order to be useful to the subject under investigation. It also attempts to frame the right to the peoples’ way of being in the academic discussions on discretion in public law, as well as on collective and individual rights. It asserts with the aid of the analysis of judicial decisions and legislation, that the reasoning of decisions that have been handed down in cases involving the encounter of different cultures is insufficient. It also argues that the right to the peoples' way of being should be, at first, recognized in jurisprudential terms and only then incorporated in the legislation. In the end, it attempts to frame the right to the peoples’ way of being in the academic discussions on individual and collective rights.
Books on the topic "Cultural motivated crime"
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Knepper, Paul, and Anja Johansen, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the History of Crime and Criminal Justice. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352333.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of the History of Crime and Criminal Justicebrings together researchers who work on crime and criminal justice in the past with an emphasis on the interaction between history and social sciences. Although working on similar subject matters historians and social scientists are often motivated by different intellectual concerns. Historians seek knowledge about crime and criminal justice to better understand the past. In contrast, social scientists draw on past experiences to build sociological, criminological, or socio-legal knowledge. Nevertheless, researchers from both fields have a shared interest in social theory, in the use of social science techniques for analysis, and in a critical outlook in examining perceptions of the past that shape popular myths and justify criminal justice policies in the present. TheHandbookis intended as a guide for both current researchers and newcomers to orient themselves on key aspects of current research from both fields. TheHandbookincludes thirty-four essays covering theory and methods; forms of crime; crime, gender, and ethnicities; cultural representations of crime; the rise of criminology; law enforcement and policing; law, courts, and criminal justice; and punishment and prisons. The essays concentrate on the Atlantic world, particularly Europe and the United States, during the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries. All of the authors situate their topic within the wider historiography.
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Brogaard, Berit. Hatred. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190084448.001.0001.
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The book explores how personal hatred can foster domestic violence and emotional abuse; how hate-proneness is a main contributor to the aggressive tendencies of borderlines, narcissists, psychopaths, and hatemongers; how seemingly ordinary people embark on some of history’s worst hate crimes; and how cohesive groups can develop extremist viewpoints that motivate hate crimes, mass shootings, and genocide. The book’s first part explores hate in personal relationships, looking for an answer to the question of why our personal relationships can survive hate and resentment but not disrespect or contempt. It shows that where contempt creates an irreparable power imbalance, hate is tied to fear, which our brains may reinterpret as thrill, attraction, and arousal. But this can also make hate a dangerous emotion that convinces people to hang on to abusive relationships. When tied to vengeance and the dark triad of personality, hate is not only dangerous but also dehumanizing. Vengeance and the dark personalities are not essential to hate, however. Without them, hate can have more admirable ends. The book’s second part explores the polarizing forces that can bias cohesive groups of like-minded individuals and contribute to what is effectively a hate crisis. Drawing on history, politics, legal theory, philosophy, and psychology, it shows how cultural myths about femininity, ethnic groups, and the land of opportunity perpetuate misogyny, racism, white supremacy, and anti-Semitism. But politicians and policymakers have it in their power to address the hate crisis through legislation that preserves the original incentive behind our constitutional rights.
Book chapters on the topic "Cultural motivated crime"
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Dunbar, Edward. "Signs and cultural messages of bias motivated crimes." In Law Enforcement, Communication, and Community, 201–28. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.112.10dun.
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Ganeshpanchan, Zinthiya, and Isla Masson. "Harmful social and cultural practices that exist within South Asian communities in the UK and their impact on women." In Critical Reflections on Women, Family, Crime and Justice, 35–56. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447358688.003.0003.
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This chapter recounts the influx of South Asian migrants to the UK since 1947, which was motivated by a need to escape civil war, to seek better economic opportunities, for marriage or to join family members. It cites the 2011 census indicating that South Asians represent the largest minority group in Britain and many of them are contributing to economic, social, and political life. It highlights the disadvantages of South Asian women migrants, such as language barriers, lack of education, lack of skills, poor-quality housing, unemployment, and specific forms of violence associated with the various cultural and religious practices that define their identity. The chapter discusses the increase in gender-based power imbalance that reinforces the patriarchal structures of both the host and migrant cultures, which leads to the further marginalisation and victimisation of women.
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Qasim, Mohammed. "Introduction." In Young, Muslim and Criminal. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447341482.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter offers an insight into the lives of a social group of British born Pakistani Muslim men (also known as The Boys) who were involved in a range of offending behaviours. It aims to understand their lives, taking into account their socioeconomic situation, the make up of their community, the cultural and religious influences which impacted on them and on their lives, and their involvement in crime. The chapter aims to understand why The Boys were involved in crime and what factors, if any, motivated them to offend, exploring whether there were other possible and unique explanations for their offending such as, for instance, cultural or religious factors.
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Masarone, Valentina. "Gender and Culturally Motivated Crimes: The Italian Perspective." In Gender and Migration in Italy, 143–59. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315563107-7.
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Frerks, Georg. "The Female Tigers of Sri Lanka." In Perpetrators of International Crimes, 208–23. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829997.003.0012.
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This chapter discusses the motives and legitimation of female cadres of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) joining the fight against the Sri Lankan government. Tamil young women were, among others, motivated by grievances against the treatment of the Tamil minority by the government, their experience of sexual and gender-based violence by Sinhalese soldiers and Indian peacekeepers, and a wish to avenge the death of relatives. They also wanted to escape a suppressive and conservative Tamil culture that forced them into arranged marriages. The heroism and sacrificial martyrdom cultivated by the LTTE legitimized these women’s combat role among the Tamils in Northern and North-eastern Sri Lanka who admired their courage. Different societal and theoretical discourses exist concerning the supposedly victimizing, liberating, or empowering effects of female participation in armed struggle, but the situation in reality appears to be ambivalent, including both victimhood and emancipation.
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von Kellenbach, Katharina. "Rituals of Repentance." In Guilt, 185–204. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197557433.003.0010.
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Since perpetrators of state-authorized atrocities rarely experience guilt feelings, this essay argues that rituals of repentance are necessary cultural interventions that cultivate moral and intellectual recognition of culpable wrongdoing. Especially in politically motivated crimes, guilt feelings are morally and psychologically elusive. Therefore, the term “contrition” is preferable to guilt feelings, because it is morally loaded. Remorse and contrition are reflective emotional responses that make guilt productive in the form of personal transformation and political change. Joshua Oppenheimer’s 2012 docudrama The Act of Killing serves as example of an “artivist” spectacle that creates a ritual space/time to metabolize personal and political guilt into contrition.
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Charles, Douglas M. "Policing Public Morality." In FBI and Religion. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520287273.003.0009.
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Most Americans are familiar with the bromides of the so-called culture wars, particularly as public religious figures of the 1960s and 1970s decried the perceived decline of sexual decency and morality. In this chapter, Charles Douglas examines a lesser-known dimension of this topic: the FBI’s decades-long campaign against obscenity. Charles explains how as obscenity’s legal definition constantly evolved after 1957, leading to the growth and proliferation of both obscenity and pornography, the FBI perceived the two as fundamental threats to American morality and culture. Consequently J. Edgar Hoover’s FBI devoted substantial resources to counter these social changes through an educational campaign spearheaded through its Crime Records Division — the bureau’s public relations machinery. This chapter amplifies attention to how the moralism of the Hoover period motivated efforts to police public morality well into the 1970s and 1980s.
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Braga, Anthony A., and Philip J. Cook. "There’s Much to Be Done." In Policing Gun Violence, 173–84. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199929283.003.0010.
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Abstract Police can reduce gun violence if properly motivated, staffed, and guided. Given the multiple dimensions of gun violence problems, a portfolio of somewhat effective programs is recommended, developed through systematic analysis of local conditions. There are five key areas in which the police can better position themselves to control gun violence: (a) Address gun violence hot spots by reducing illegal gun carrying and modifying opportunities for gun crime in these locations; (b) deal with gangs, street crews, and other dangerous offenders through focused deterrence; (c) strengthen shooting investigations to hold violent gun offenders accountable; (d) reduce shootings by police by improving engagement protocols, organizational culture, and training; and (e) disrupt the underground gun markets that arm violent offenders. Police departments also need to embrace reform, redouble community policing efforts, and ensure lawful and procedurally just encounters with the public. Police are far from perfect but essential in gun violence prevention.
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Planke, Julie A., Jacqueline M. Di Santo, and Glenn Geher. "Emotional and Sexual Infidelity." In The Oxford Handbook of Infidelity, C10—C10.P117. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197502891.013.11.
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Abstract Infidelity can wreak havoc on the emotional, familial, and social lives of people. Reactions to infidelity may be erratic and pronounced, including anger, depression, violence, and even homicide. Reactions to infidelity motivate a substantial proportion of violent crimes across cultures. Understanding the psychology of infidelity thus has the capacity to shed light on substantial social and emotional issues. Importantly, work on the psychology of infidelity has identified two broad categories of infidelity: emotional infidelity and sexual infidelity. The current chapter will address research on the foundational psychological features that bear on these two categories of infidelity, using an evolutionarily informed framework as a guide. Sex-differentiated reactions to infidelity will be addressed in this discussion to shed light on the ways that infidelity and reactions to infidelity manifest in sex-specific ways. The integrative framework presented here will elucidate paths for future research as well as potential implications and applications of the research in this field.
Conference papers on the topic "Cultural motivated crime"
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Robinson Beachboard, Martine. "Uniting Idaho: A Small Newspaper Serves Hispanic Populations in Distributed Rural Areas." In InSITE 2007: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3111.
Full textAbstract:
Print-media needs of Hispanics in non-metropolitan areas of America are often overlooked. One newspaper editor in Idaho found Hispanics to be invisible in her small community and its newspaper, except in crime reports. So she began publishing the bilingual Idaho Unido. This study addresses the publisher’s business model and motivation for publication. It is based on two research streams: theories of the press from Siebert, Peterson, and Schramm in 1956 through McQuail in 2005 and cultural maintenance perspectives. The Idaho Unido story represents a revelatory case, demonstrating the power of a motivated individual to essentially subvert the dominant media paradigm by creating a successful, independent publication specifically intended to serve the information, entertainment and cultural-identity needs of a small, marginalized population living in widely distributed rural areas.