Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cultural labour'
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Moore, Kerry. "Cultural study of asylum under New Labour." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54349/.
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A Cultural Study of Asylum in the UK Under New Labour critically explores the meaning and significance of an 'asylum crisis' constructed within British public discourse since 1997. Drawing upon the discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe and the work of other poststructuralist, deconstructionist and Cultural Studies theory, the research opens a range of questions about how the dominant hegemonic discourse on asylum has been articulated, using examples in the analysis drawn from across a number of discursive sites, focusing primarily upon examples drawn from the national news media, the rhetoric of mainstream national politicians and policy and other official documents. In the first three chapters the study seeks to explain how theory is important to understanding the role of asylum in contemporary culture and politics. Here, a genealogy of ideas concerning the 'othering' of migrants in the UK is developed, and in relation to asylum, an elucidation of some key concepts for discourse theory and Cultural Studies. The analytical approach of the study is constructed through a critical appraisal of Laclau and Mouffe's discourse theory in relation to asylum as an object of analysis and via an engagement with the work other poststructuralist scholars. Case study chapters then examine how a dominant asylum discourse has been constructed in relation to particular 'crisis' issues, how these discourses have shifted and changed under New Labour, and the technologies of control through which asylum seekers are excluded from the mainstream, 'law abiding' citizenry. Through these are explored the conditions of possibility for the articulation of asylum as a threat to the security and well being of the British nation, and concomitantly for the rearticulation of liberal democratic values such as 'human rights' as a potential threat to national security.
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Patel, Karen. "The politics of expertise in cultural labour." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.753295.
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What is expertise? In cultural work, the idea of expertise is commonly associated with a specialised knowledge of cultural forms and products, often possessed by art critics, dealers and cultural intermediaries. In the majority of literature on cultural work, the status of these ‘experts’ is mostly treated as normative and accepted as legitimate, with little attention paid to the expertise of the primary producers of the cultural forms which are judged. This thesis argues that expertise as a concept is taken for granted in cultural work scholarship, and thus requires further interrogation. The particular focus here is on the social media use of cultural workers to promote themselves, their aesthetic output and availability for work. As argued here, the status of their expertise is problematised in an ostensibly accessible and democratised space where ‘anyone’ can engage in cultural production. In this context, how do cultural workers signal their aesthetic expertise online? Signalling involves conveying information about one’s credentials. This concept is utilised in a framework to analyse the social media output of a group of UK cultural workers, who were also interviewed, in order to gain insight into their aesthetic expertise and how they manage signalling expertise online as part of cultural labour. The research reveals the expertise of cultural producers to be of a dynamic and fluid quality, worked on over the course of a cultural work career, where opportunities to build expertise can be constrained or enabled depending on access to resources. As these cases suggest, aesthetic expertise can be staged on social media by revealing creative skills and methods - the ‘back stage’ of production, then potentially enhanced through audience interaction, which can also put expertise signals at risk. The analysis also reveals gendered strategies for signalling expertise undertaken by the women cultural workers, to facilitate a potential collective raising of visibility online, but also raising questions about the exclusivity of such collective activity. The research concludes by suggesting ways in which cultural policy could widen access to creative skills and training, so that anyone who wishes to develop their own aesthetic expertise can do so.
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Sheridan, Valerie. "The cultural context of breastfeeding on the labour ward." Thesis, Kingston University, 2008. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20341/.
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This study examines labour ward culture on two British labour wards, in terms of mother-baby contact and breastfeeding, which has not been empirically researched since 1985 (Garforth & Garcia 1989). ‘Aims’: to investigate the organisational culture; examine mothers' beliefs and experiences; and midwives' knowledge, beliefs and practices. ‘Objectives’: To compare organisational cultures; identify if midwifery practice is evidence based and factors which facilitate or detract from it; identify mothers' preferences, beliefs and levels of satisfaction. ‘Study Design’: Ethnography with case study and diagnostic analysis also utilised. Methods: observation and interviews: purposive sample of mothers (n = 50) and midwives (n = 51); interviews with Heads of Midwifery (n = 2); focus groups with midwives (n = 3); and documentary analysis. ‘Results’: Despite Trust strategies and Heads of Midwifery support for evidence-based practice, clinical guidelines and midwifery beliefs about mother-baby contact and early breastfeed were not usually congruent. Mother-baby contact after birth is usually interrupted for completion of tasks and some babies have multiple contact episodes, which has not been previously described in the literature. Completion of routine tasks for transfer of mothers and babies to postnatal ward takes precedence, because of organisational demands and insufficient resources. However, most mothers expressed feeling satisfied with contact achieved and support for breastfeeding. ‘Conclusion’: Findings of the study have contributed new insights and knowledge of labour ward culture. It is not conducive to uninterrupted mother-baby contact and is not evidence-based. ‘Recommendations’: The development of a learning culture and clinical leadership to promote evidence-based practice and woman-centred care is recommended. The unique period after birth should not be disturbed, to prioritise routine tasks.
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Cohen, Phil. "Rethinking the youth question : education, labour and cultural studies." Thesis, University of East London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532417.
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Connolly, Mark. "Capital and culture : an investigation into New Labour cultural policy and the European Capital of Culture 2008." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2007. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55756/.
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This thesis is an investigation into the relationship between culture in New Labour policy and within the competition for the European Capital of Culture 2008. The study interrogates a policy paradigm which it identifies as a 'creative city/urban planning' approach to urban regeneration. It locates this approach within a wider New Labour 'Third Way' politics, in that it attempts to reconcile economic instrumentalism with a rhetorical commitment to a politics of the social. Based on elite interviews and documentary analysis, this thesis argues that this approach to urban regeneration draws on a misappropriation of the work of cultural theorist Raymond Williams. It demonstrates how this misappropriation results in an unbounded anthropological definition, whereby culture colonises all areas of economic and social life. Within this template, culture becomes a surrogate economic and social policy. This is illustrated in the case-study of Liverpool's bidding for, winning of and plans for Capital of Culture 2008. This analysis shows how culture without parameters is usurped within both a neo-liberal economic agenda, and a policy template which recasts social inequality as a personal cultural deficit. Within Liverpool's urban strategy, culture is conceived as a social and economic panacea. However, when culture comes to mean everything, it invariably means nothing. This thesis attempts to put Raymond Williams' 'vague and baggy monster' back in its theoretical cage.
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Hoermann, Lesley. "Accessibility, cultural affiliation and Indian reserve labour force development in Canada." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7906.
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The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the labour force development of Indian reserves in Canada and their physical accessibility to off-reserve communities designated as service centres. The second goal is to examine the relationship between the traditional cultural affiliation of reserves and their labour force development. The diffusionist and dependency development paradigms are considered to place the role of accessibility and cultural affiliation into the context of reserve development. A review of the literature investigating the influence of physical accessibility upon reserve development follows. The traditional Indian culture areas of Canada are introduced, as are the rationale for investigating the roles of these two factors in reserve development. The reserves were then classified into six samples representing cultural affiliation. These are the Iroquoian, Algonkian, Plains, Mackenzie River, Plateau, and Pacific Coast culture areas. Lastly, two culture areas are examined to gain further insight into the nature of differences amongst reserves falling into the same access category. Levels of education and mother tongues spoken in the Algonkian and Pacific Coast culture areas are compared to this end. In conclusion, the major differences amongst the samples are highlighted in terms of the hypotheses posed in this research. Some further avenues of inquiry are then suggested for future research. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Saldana, Lucia. "Rural labour in neo-liberal Chile : Exploitation, vulnerability and cultural transformation." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511018.
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McKeown, Sean. "Managing equality cultural studies, management discourse and the division of intellectual labour." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514314.
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Layte, Richard. "Gendered equity? : The material and cultural determinants of the domestic division of labour." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321582.
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Lister, B. M. "Precarious labour and disposable bodies : the effects of cultural and economic change upon sexualised labour in lap-dancing venues in Scotland." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/9540.
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Despite concerns regarding working conditions in Scottish lap-dancing venues being raised in the 2006 report published by the then Scottish Executive’s Adult Entertainment Working Group, women’s experiences of working inside these venues remains under-researched. This thesis provides an up-to-date snapshot of working conditions in the Scottish lap-dancing industry. The study utilised in-depth, semi-structured interviews with dancers which benefitted from the researcher’s involvement in the industry. The inclusion of women’s voices led to the conclusion that wider cultural and economic changes are impacting negatively upon working experiences in venues by adversely altering the dynamics of supply and demand. This means power is felt to be partially shifting from workers to owners, and to a lesser extent, customers. Participants suggest that venues have changed from being enjoyable working environments where money could be made relatively easily to ones where the work embodies the characteristics of precarious labour where competition is rife and projected income is far less certain. A feminist and Foucoudian analysis assists in understanding and explaining these changes. The thesis suggests that simply improving working conditions for women may prove ineffective in the facilitation of a more satisfactory workplace, due to the overriding desire for profit held by both dancers and owners in an industry which has become less financially lucrative. Ultimately, the thesis reveals and explains how shifts outside the lap-dancing venues have affected dancers negatively in different ways, affecting relationships inside the venue, and the actual experience of carrying out the labour. This thesis argues that these shifts have been assisted by the provision of State policy that fails to recognise lap-dancing as a form of labour and is not concerned with dancers safety at work.
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Singh, Brahma Prakash. "The performance of cultural labour: a conceptual framework for understanding Indian folk performance." Thesis, University of London, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603539.
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Performance has emerged as an important concept in the field of art, culture, media, communication and socio-anthropological studies. This thesis examines the ' Indian folk performance' from a performance studies perspective, examining performance as that which arises out of the labouring bodies and lived experiences in Indian society. Such performances are embedded in 'everyday lives, struggles, and labour of different classes, castes, and gender' (Rege 2002). These performances can be considered as performances of cultural labour. Performances of cultural labour are recognized by the centrality of performance, the materiality of labouring bodies, and the integration of various al1 forms. Drawing on an understanding derived from the cultural performances of the Indian labouring lower-caste communities, the thesis attempts to provide a conceptual framework for understanding Indian folk culture and performances. For theoretical approaches, I have drawn from Dwight Conquergood's idea of performance studies as a radical intervention (2002) and Ngugi wa Thiong'o's concept of performance (2007) as well as interdisciplinary and integrated approaches to art and culture with a critical ethnography. Performance studies approach with a critical ethnography shows a great potential in such research because if performance stands for identity, then it also stands for the embodiment of oppressed identities, genres and struggles. While performance here functions as an cpistemic as well as an analytical tool, critical ethnography provides an 'ethical responsibility' to address processes of hidden injustices (Madison 2005)
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Conor, Bridget Elizabeth. "Screenwriting as creative labour : pedagogies, practices and livelihoods in the new cultural economy." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2010. http://research.gold.ac.uk/2642/.
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This thesis analyses screenwriting as an exemplary and idiosyncratic form of creative labour in the ‘new cultural economy’ and specifically, in the contemporary UK screen production industry. Using a critical sociological framework combined with a neo-Foucauldian understanding of work and subjectivity, a series of explicit analytical connections are made in this project, between screenwriting, creative labour and the new cultural economy. I contend that screenwriting, as a form of creative labour which in many ways eschews the term ‘creative’, is an instructive, timely case study precisely because it agitates traditional dichotomies - between creativity and craft, art and commerce, individual and collaborative work - in pedagogy and practice. After tracing the dynamics of this form of creative work in theoretical, discursive and historical terms, I then analyse how screenwriting is constructed, taught and practiced as labour in three areas: ‘How-to’ screenwriting manuals, pedagogical locations for screenwriting in the UK and British screenwriters’ working lives. At each site, I focus on how craft and creativity are defined and experienced, how individual and collective forms of work are enacted at different locations and what implications these shifting designations have. Screenwriting within the mainstream Hollywood and British film industries in the contemporary moment demands particular and complex forms of worker subjectivity in order to distinguish it from other forms of filmmaking and writing, and to make the work knowable and do-able. I follow the voices of screenwriters and those who teach and instruct about screenwriting across the fieldwork sites and analyse the ways in which they calculate, navigate and make sense of the screen production labour market in which they are immersed. The theatrical, mythic and practical navigations of screenwriters in pedagogy and practice that are the centre of this thesis offer an antidote to impoverished, economistic readings of creativity, craft and creative labour in contemporary worlds of work.
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Rowan, Jaron. "The creative industries and the cultural commons : transformations in labour, value and production." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2012. http://research.gold.ac.uk/8022/.
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The following work constitutes an inquiry into the economic, social and political composition of what are commonly known as the cultural or creative industries. My aim is to provide a critique of the discursive origins, political dimensions, economic models and subjective constructions that shape the complex set of practices and discourses that comprise the creative industries. To do so, this work looks into the production of a set of schemes, policies, plans, economic models, modes of labour, regulations and discourses that have been designed in order to transform cultural practices into economic activities. I will contextualize these transformations within a general framework of what has been branded ‘cognitive capitalism’, acknowledging that this process needs to be understood with reference to the neoliberalization of the wider economy through focusing on a set of changes in the nature of labour, value and creativity. I then attempt to understand the ecosystem in which the creative industries are enmeshed. In order to do so, I will discuss the notion of the cultural commons: the pools of collective ideas and knowledge from which these enterprises capture their raw material. Not only will this give an understanding of the nature of the sources of knowledge and ideas that feed the creative industries but will also to provide a good opportunity to understand the communities, objects and relations that shape them. Finally there is a discussion on the tensions, bifurcations and alternatives that escape the hegemonic economic models promoted by policy. This will open up possibilities in which to think of forms of self-organization and commons-based cultural enterprises that might provide new spaces in which the economy and culture can meet.
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Ozimek, Anna Maria. "Videogame work in Poland investigating creative labour in a post-socialist cultural industry." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22074/.
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The Polish videogame industry has come a long way from its origins on the grey markets in the Polish People’s Republic to its recognition as a national speciality. However, in this atmosphere of celebration, and in the promise of securing its bright future from the government, there is one element rarely present in these discussions – the industry’s workforce. While video games that are developed, localised and tested in Poland are played by people all over the world, the working lives of the people who contribute to these games’ development are under- explored. This research investigates Polish videogame practitioners’ interpretations and negotiations of the risk associated with working in the Eastern European videogame industry. An investigation of working in the Polish videogame industry is not only a matter of discussing working practices and the unstable nature of being employed in videogame production but also about discussing the changes in approaches to work and cultural production in the context of a post-socialist country. This research is inspired by autonomist Marxism and neo-Foucauldian theoretical frameworks widely used in studies about creative labour (Gill and Pratt, 2008; McRobbie, 2016; Gill, 2011a; 2002; Scharff, 2018; Dyer-Witheford and de Peuter, 2009). Videogame practitioners’ approach to the risk associated with working in videogame production is conceptualised through a discussion of the construction and negotiation of entrepreneurial subjectivities. However, in this research, I acknowledge the limitations of these theoretical frameworks by addressing their deterministic stances in discussing creative workers’ subjectivities (e.g. Scharff, 2018). This study overcomes this limitation by drawing on alternative approaches in discussing workers’ subjective experiences of work (Hesmondhalgh and Baker, 2011; Banks et al. 2013; Taylor and Littleton, 2012).
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Calleman, Catharina. "Cultural exchange or cheap domestic labour : constructions of "au pair" in four Nordic countries." Umeå universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-71284.
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Chen, L. P. "Social and cultural dimensions of labour migration : a study of overseas female Filipino workers." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597558.
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This study explores the reasons that more and more Filipino women are seeking overseas contract work (OCW) and why so many choose to repeat the migration cycle. The experiences of overseas female Filipino workers (OFFWs) are analysed within the framework of social exclusion theory (SET). Analytical concepts, such as capital and arena, are adapted from Bourdieu in order to enrich SET with cultural and personal dimensions. OFFWs are understood as socials agents acting within overlapping social, economic, and political arenas before, during, and after OCW. Social exclusion is defined as lack of full participation in an arena in which a social agent acts. Exclusion in home arenas, for example unemployment and frustrated social aspirations, are examined, as are exclusions within the arenas of labour migration itself, for example in recruitment fees and restrictions on freedom of movement in the host country. The ways in which state policy and political and market dynamics support these exclusions is addressed. Questionnaires and interviews of current and former OFFWs reveal the considerable extent to which choices related to migration are influenced by local ideologies of age and gender, and by local social patterns. It was found that OFFWs voluntarily risk exclusion in the arenas of overseas contract work in hopes of overcoming exclusion for themselves and their families in the arenas at home in the Philippines. Short-term success and long-term failure of OCW to overcome exclusion in home arenas motivate many women to repeat their migration. The dissertation argues that persistent exclusion in the home arenas may be partly due to incommensurabilities among the various (social, economic, local, international) arenas in which OFFWs act, such that overcoming exclusion in one arena engenders exclusion in another.
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Watkins, Francis. "Save there, eat here : a cultural study of labour migration from a Pakhtun village." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21598.
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For at least the last century men have been leaving the village of Kohery in North West Frontier Province, Pakistan to look for work and better opportunities. In all that time migration has remained a temporary phenomenon with the men always returning to their home village. Migration has become a way of life and is deeply rooted in the experience and ideas of the people. In the 1970s the men of Kohery began to take part in labour migration to the Gulf states along with millions of other Asians. This thesis is about this migration in the 1990s, and the social and economic effects that it has had and continues to have. It is a cultural study of labour migration from Kohery to the Gulf and is divided into four parts. Part 1 consists of the life histories of several men from a group of eight households where the research was carried out. The aim is to describe the experiences of a group of individuals over several decades of migration. The stories illustrate the long history of migration from the area and form a background to the rest of the thesis. The stories are also used to demonstrate the ways in which individuals use their own life histories to represent themselves as honourable men. Part II examines households. The association of gender with space - women with houses and men with 'outside' - affects the sexual division of labour, so that men are the ones who participate in migration and who control household resources. Within households, the composition of the group and the position of individuals in the hierarchy give rise to tensions and conflicts which result in divisions. Despite considerable variations in the composition of households the differences between them are played down and the similarities are emphasised. In particular households are described as being unproductive in themselves and dependent on migration.
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Hauf, Felix [Verfasser]. "Beyond Decent Work : The Cultural Political Economy of Labour Struggles in Indonesia / Felix Hauf." Frankfurt am Main : Campus Verlag, 2016. http://www.campus.de/home/.
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Enaholo, Patrick Emakhu Enaholo. "Cultural context of creative labour : an empirical study of new media work in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12129/.
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My study had two aims: first, to find out the extent to which claims about new media work that result from research in the West apply in the Nigerian context; and second, to investigate how new media workers in Nigeria negotiate the specificities of their cultural context. Its purpose was therefore to examine the experiences of new media workers in Nigeria, how these diverge from claims made around such work in Western-based literature and what these experiences suggest about new media and creative labour in Nigeria. To fulfill these aims, I conducted field research in Lagos, Nigeria through two focus group sessions with eight managers and owners of new media companies, interviews with thirty-five new media workers, and participant observation at a Lagos-based new media company. The study came up with two main findings. First, that the specific features of new media work in Nigeria are manifestations of broader themes which define the cultural context or ̳way of life‘ of people in Nigeria. Therefore, adverse conditions like software piracy, infrastructural breakdown and ethnic differentiation in new media work can be understood as manifestations of broader features of the Nigerian cultural context, namely, precariousness, entrepreneurialism and social networking. Second, that new media workers‘ negotiation of these conditions produce outcomes that have positive, instrumental and emancipatory dimensions. Specifically, I showed how software piracy contributes to the sustenance of a moral economy, how the negotiation of infrastructural breakdown manifests an entrepreneurialism of improvisation and how the mobilization of ethnicity leads to the formation of associative ties. Overall, my study foregrounds the relevance of cultural context in discourses about new media and, more generally, creative work in the cultural industries and, in so doing, offers a different perspective to analyses about such work in developing contexts of the Global South.
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Ward, Jonathan. "Cultural labour in the context of urban regeneration : artists' work in Margate and Folkestone." Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/48602/.
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This thesis engages with debates around cultural work and culture-led regeneration by exploring the working conditions encountered and experienced by visual artists who have located in Margate and Folkestone, two towns in Kent (South East England) which have pursued culture-led regeneration. It draws on, and contributes, to critical debates on cultural labour and the conditions of cultural work as well as long-standing debates around culture and creativity as drivers of urban regeneration. It establishes the ways in which artists’ labour is integral to culture-led urban policies, and further critically explores the quality of such work, looking at the conditions under which it proceeds, and the values and meanings individual workers ascribe to it. The thesis demonstrates that culture-led urban strategies represent a locus of economic exploitation for the artists implicated in them. This accords with other studies that provide evidence of artistic, and other forms of cultural, labour as wholly beset by economic and social structures that instrumentalise cultural value, and undermine any intrinsic value or meaning to cultural labour. However, this thesis also provides a ‘defence’ of artists’ work. While noting the continuing inequalities, marginalisation and exclusionary effects of neoliberal working conditions and practices, this thesis demonstrates that creative cultural work is not fully colonised by the market, and that within the cultural industries there remains the possibility of ‘good work’. This thesis concludes that although economic exploitation and insecurity are common, workers are able to draw upon pre-existing cultural discourses that sometimes allow them to produce value and meaning in their work in ways that evade capitalist logics.
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Leander, Esther Nzungwa. "Cultural labour management in Finland : Multicultural Working environment in Riihimäki Würth Ltd., Finland; MBA-thesis in marketing." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Institutionen för ekonomi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-4500.
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Aim: The aim of this study is to explore, discuss and analyse patterns that make up a successful multicultural labour marketing and management. Riihimäki Würth Ltd. employees´ experiences have been used as an example of multicultural labour management. In the report, the following research questions have been answered: What are the main cultural differences in multicultural working place? What are the benefits and challenges of multicultural working environment? How do Finnish managers prepare employees on multicultural working environment, prevent, solve problems that are caused by multicultural working environment and, promote multicultural working environments. What are the lessons learned from multicultural working environment? Culture can be best expressed in the interactions of values, attitudes and behavioural assumptions of society. We must be able to unpack the culture concept (Schwartz 1994). I have worked as a government labour consultant/officer in Finland for 7yrs. I used my knowledge of today’s Finnish labour market condition to get a full picture of the cultural labour marketing possibilities. Method: I picked four big companies in Finland that practice multicultural labour strategies from our clients’ registration data system and send them an email offer to interview their employees. Only Riihimäki Würth Ltd. took my offer and booked me in as a visitor. I interviewed five natives and five migrant employees in Riihimäki Würth Oy company in Finland that fix and assemble materials like screws, screw accessories, dowels and plugs, chemical products, furniture and construction fittings, tools, and stock keeping and picking systems. Common denominator for all ten respondents was an over one-year experience in multicultural working environment. I walked around the building, selected 10 employees by random, contacted face-to-face oral interviews and recorded their answers using my Video camera. Findings on how the respondents have handled their multicultural working environment are discussed in the analysis. Employees’ suggestions on how to create and manage multicultural working environment have been reviewed too. Result and conclusions: My conclusion is that cultural differences may not affect unskilled working environment (like the researched warehouse operating Würth Ltd. company), as long as all the employees are treated equally. Carrying out of given duties in unskilled working place is the same in a warehouse company despite of the country of origin. The Würth Ltd. unskilled labour respondents provided evidence that equal salary, treatment, sharing of duties and other benefits could be the key to successful multicultural working environment, marketing and management. It creates harmony, kindness and friendliness in the air that I too, witnessed while walking around the building before the interview. Learning the native or working language is very important to enable communication and career progress even in Würth’s unskilled warehouse multicultural working environment, marketing and management. Researched company has 126 employees in 379 departments of which 28 are migrants from Vietnam, Morocco, Kosovo, Germany, Russia, Estonia, Egypt, Kuwait, Bangladesh, Japan and Philippines. It hired the first foreign employee in 1990 but none of foreign employees has ever been promoted. This could be a multicultural working environment dark side or failure. Multicultural marketing in Finland might not be the right strategy or solution for ambitious foreigners who are interested and looking for quick career advancements or career progress if this is the case in most of the Finnish multicultural working places. I suggests the following for future research: A deeper study on communication in a multicultural working environment: How can information be easily and successfully communicated in a working environment where employees do not share a common language. Promotions: How can foreign employees advance their career in a foreign labour market if their native language skill is below the native or required standard, but the job skills are excellent? Why Finland attracts and uses more foreigners for unskilled labour than skilled? Contribution of the study: The study offers a pattern and lays down a background for further studies on multicultural labour force. It may reduce the fear of multicultural working environment. It might help the managers and companies to overcome prejudices on cultural differences and barriers. Some organisations and networks (e.g. The Municipality of Riihimäki town, TJS ; STTK and AKAVA union education institute and Mosaiikki project sponsored by Ministry of Migration) have already copied my research interview DVD to use as a guideline for training new foreign employees and managing multicultural working environments strategies. I believe that it might help marketing managers to create better multicultural labour marketing strategies.
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McRobbie, Angela. "Art world, rag trade or image industry? : a cultural sociology of British fashion design." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7359.
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This thesis argues that the distinctiveness of contemporary British fashion design can be attributed to the history of education in fashion design in the art schools, while the recent prominence and visibility is the result of the expansion of the fashion media. Fashion design had to struggle to achieve disciplinary status in the art schools. Tarnished by its associations with the gendered and low status practice of the dressmaking tradition, and then in the post war years, with the growth of mass culture and popular culture, fashion educators have emphasised the conceptual basis of fashion design. Young fashion designers graduating from art school and entering the world of work develop an occupational identity closer to that of fine artists. This is a not unrealistic strategy given the limited nature of employment opportunities in the commercial fashion sector. But as small scale cultural entrepreneurs relying on a selfemployed and freelance existence, the designers are thwarted in their ability to maintain a steady income by their lack of knowledge of production, sewing and the dressmaking tradition. The current network of urban `micro-economies' of fashion design are also the outcome of the enterprise culture of the 1980s. Trained to think of themselves primarily as creative individuals the designers are ill-equipped to develop a strategy of collaboration and association through which their activities might become more sustainable. While the fashion media has also played a key role in promoting fashion design since the early 1980s, they are overwhelmingly concerned with circulation figures. They produce fashion images which act as luxurious environments for attracting advertising revenue. Consequently they carry little or no coverage on issues relating to employment or livelihoods in fashion. But their workforce is also creative, casualised and freelance. In each case, these young workers are the product of the shift in the UK to an emergent form of cultural capitalism comprising of low pay and the intensification of labour in exchange for the reward of personal creativity. This current sociological investigation aims to open the debate on the potential for the future socialisation of creative labour.
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Beauregard, Devin. "Cultural Policy in the Digital Age: The Emergence of Fans as Political Agents in Copyright Discourse." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19798.
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Cultural policy theory operates on a division between producers and the public. Dualisms, such as producer/consumer – or, in more nuanced circles, the triadic relationship of consumer/producer/owner – have had a structuring effect on the way in which we envision cultural policy theories. At its core, the producer/consumer dualism implies subjectivities – that is to say that it defines positions in relationships between socio-political actors/actresses. At the governmental level, such clear-cut subject positions are perceptible beyond theories, entering into the actual practice of policy-making to the point where certain policies structure the notion of the public (or consumers), and the producers and/or owners. Copyright law, for instance, represents a good example of such an ideational construct. As a form of cultural policy, copyright law seeks to define the rights of producers with regards to their productions. Consequently, this thesis aims at exploring the forms of agency that develop and challenge both the practice and theoretical constructs of cultural policy. Two aspects command us to question anew these boundaries, one based on contemporary social and technical transformations (the rise of the digital age), and one based on cultural practice (in this case, those of fans and fandoms).Borrowing from theories of cultural studies and Foucauldian approaches to discourse analysis, this thesis explored the emerging discourses surrounding fans and their use of copyrighted material via the internet. Putting emphasis on three fandoms that have had marked histories of fan activism and fan production via the use of copyrighted material – Star Trek, Firefly, and Harry Potter – this paper investigated fans’ use of copyrighted material in developing fan cultures and as a vehicle for their discursive practices. These cases illustrate how fans have challenged the established repertoires of subjects in cultural policy (making and theory), and how their form of agency represents an interesting case of resistance to the rise of the cultural industries conception of cultural policy.
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Rengers, Merijn. "Economic lives of artists studies into careers and the labour market in the cultural sector /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/dissertations/2002-0729-094948/inhoud.htm.
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Komurcu, Onur. "Postmigrant theatre and cultural diversity in the arts : race, precarity and artistic labour in Berlin." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2016. http://research.gold.ac.uk/16771/.
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This study analyses the ways in which artistic labour is racialised and made precarious. It examines the working and living conditions of Turkish German artists throughout the institutionalisation of postmigrant theatre and the implementation of cultural diversity in the arts policies in Berlin’s cultural landscape. It illuminates the dynamics that unfold with regards to cultural diversity in the arts and the labour involved in its practices. The main argument of the thesis is, that the emergence and development of postmigrant theatre needs to be understood as the successful establishment and institutionalisation of new aesthetic, narrative and political tools, which, on the one hand, signal the arrival of Turkish German and other artists of colour and of the language of cultural diversity in the field of the arts in the midst of a new globalised urban cosmopolitanism. On the other hand, however, this thesis also accounts for the still limited access of Turkish German and other artists of colour to institutions of high culture, for their precarious and racialised labour conditions and the lack of material resources available for the diversity work that the artists of the postmigrant theatre movement do. As a critical ethnography conducted over the span of seven years, this study maps out the field of opportunities and the restrictions that Turkish German artists working in postmigrant theatre experience in their everyday lives and in negotiating their position in institutional life. This includes their experience in arts school education, the artistic labour market, the sphere of cultural policy, existing funding structures and public discourses about migration, gentrification, cultural diversity and the arts in Germany. The study shows how postmigrant theatre artists’ representational practices produce new postmigrant ethnicities, and challenge narrow conceptions of ethnicity, German culture, national identity as well as power relations in Germany’s theatre landscape. Postmigrant theatre artists perform acts of memory by reaffirming intergenerationally transmitted cultural memories and lived experiences of migration. These become political through acts of remembrance that counteract the long neglect of Turkish German hi/stories. Ultimately, the artists of the postmigrant theatre movement determine the meaning of “diversity in the arts” by working collaboratively to establish sustainable funding and employment structures, networks of solidarity and by giving voice to an increasingly well-organised movement of artists who critique the racialised division of labour in the state-subsisided theatre and cultural landscape.
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Rycx, François. "Collective bargaining, labour market performance, wage structures and poverty: an international perspective." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211604.
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Alawattage, Chandana G. "The cultural politics of production : ethnicity, gender and the labour process in Sri Lankan tea plantations." Thesis, Keele University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414757.
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Grillo, André Peralta. "Contracultura, trabalho imaterial e produção cultural: tendências possíveis da produção cultural no Brasil contemporâneo." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2017. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6804.
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Esta pesquisa tem como objeto a produção cultural no Brasil Contemporâneo (anos 90 aos dias atuais) e, dentro desta, mais especificamente, o nicho da chamada “música independente”, analisada a partir (mas não só) de estudo empírico da rede “Circuito Fora do Eixo”, a qual, como objeto, ultrapassa o âmbito da produção cultural e dos circuitos alternativos de arte e cultura. Os objetivos são observar a atividade de produção cultural em sua generalidade no mundo contemporâneo, o quanto esta é moldada por ingerências estruturais e conjunturais tanto econômicas quanto políticas, além de culturais; descrever sucintamente parte da história recente e analisar o nicho da “música independente” dentro deste quadro; analisar o caso da rede “Circuito Fora do Eixo”, sua formação em meio e sob a ingerência destes diferentes processos, sua especificidade como, além de circuito cultural, movimento social, e seu desenvolvimento ao longo dos anos, demonstrando a sua pertinência heurística para o objeto mais amplo em questão, assim como o seu transbordamento em relação ao mesmo. Tudo isso para discutir alguns possíveis sentidos subjetivos da atividade de produção cultural para o produtor cultural.
The object of this research is the category of “cultural production” in contemporary Brazil (from the nineties till now) and, inside if this, more speciphically, the nicho of the so called “independente music”, analysed from (but not only) the case study of the network “Circuito Fora do Eixo”, whom, as object, goes beyond the spectrum of the “cultural production” and the alternative circuits of art and culture. The goals are to observe in general matter the activity of “cultural production” in the contemporary world, how much this activity is shaped by structural e conjunctural injanctions, political e economical, besides cultural; to describe briefilly parto f the recente history a analyse the nicho of the “independente music” from the stanpoint of this framework; analyse the case of the network “Circuito Fora do Eixo”, its foundatitons in teh midle of and from the injanctions of this diferente processes, his specifity as, beyond a cultural circuit, a social movement, and his development through the years, showing his heuristic pertinance to the broadly object in question, and how it overwelmed it. All this to discuss some contemporary possible subjective meanings of the activity of cultural production to the cultural producer.
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Friesen, Wardlow. "Labour mobility and economic transformation in Solomon Islands: lusim Choiseul, bae kam baek moa?" Thesis, University of Auckland, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2442.
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This thesis examines the relationship of labour mobility and socioeconomic transformation in the Solomon Islands, and proposes that one cannot be understood in isolation from the other. Explanation is pursued both at the levels of structure and of agency, and integration of these levels is attempted in some places. This is discussed in the first part of the thesis, within a general discussion of issues of theory and method. The second part of the thesis deals with the structural parameters of labour mobility. Through the twentieth century, the institutions of government, mission and capitalist enterprise have been central in shaping the Solomon Islands social formation. The roles of these formal institutions with implications for labour mobility have ranged from purveyors of ideology to employers of labour. Another major element in the social formation is an original Melanesian mode of production which influences labour mobility through village-level institutions such as the land tenure system, kinship, and household operation. Labour circulation is a major factor in linking village and non-village institutions, and more abstractly in articulating two different modes of production. The third part of the thesis considers the ways in which individual agency operates within structure. The data base are life histories and related information from the Mbambatana language group on the island of Choiseul. This is integrated with national, regional and village-level structural information. Education is important in the way it 'selects' individuals for certain kinds of employment. This selection process occurs within the wage economy generally, but is further refined within institutions of employment. This results in labour mobility 'streams' which have identifiable characteristics related to gender, education, and employment type. Movements within each 'stream' have typical temporal and spatial characteristics. Patterns of labour mobility, especially sequence, are affected by gender and life cycle factors. For men and women the most critical changes take place in the 20s age span, but individual behaviour varies according to marriage and childrearing patterns. From a village perspective, labour circulation is a logical response to the necessity of operating within two different economic systems typified by different modes of production. This process of articulation is manifest in other ways as well, and households or families may adopt different strategies in operating within two different systems. The particular strategy adopted depends on the labour power available, degree of access to land, and employment possibilities of individual members.
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Tsai-Chuan, Ma. "Mechanisms of policy-making : a cultural, structural and network examination of female and foreign labour policy in Taiwan." Thesis, University of Essex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394295.
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Lee, Jane Gyung Sook. "A Narrative Analysis of the Labour Market Experiences of Korean Migrant Women in Australia." Faculty of Economic and Business, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1860.
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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)Abstract This thesis examines the experiences of Korean migrant women (KMW) in the Australian labour market. A review of the extant literature leads to two propositions, both of which assert that KMW are likely to experience labour market disadvantage or barriers to entry. These propositions take into account two significant theories of the labour market: segmentation theory and human capital theory. Segmentation theory argues that unchangeable gender and racial / cultural differences have the greatest impact upon labour market value, human capital theory describes the labour market value of individuals as based upon apparently objective and attainable skills (here English language skills). Using narrative analysis and, more specifically, antenarrative analysis, the study examines the life stories of 33 Australian KMW. In so doing, it identifies hitherto unheard discourses concerning the experiences of KMW in relation to the Australian labour market — discourses that challenge established academic thinking regarding this issue. Identification and analysis of these new discourses generates a number of alternative understandings of the labour market experiences of KMW. These alternative understandings both demonstrate the limitations of, and go beyond, the existing two propositions. In particular, the research shows that the impacts of gender and culture (segmentation theory) vary over time for KMW, do not always prevent labour market participation, and are experienced in terms of identity within a gendered Australian labour market. The research also demonstrates that while many KMW are in fact sufficiently skilled in the English language (human capital theory) to enter the Australian labour market, they nevertheless experience a sense of inferiority about their English language capacity that discourages them from entering, and limits their opportunities to participate in, the labour market. This in turn contributes to their social isolation. The thesis concludes that within the Australian academic literature, KMW have either been given little space and voice or have been misrepresented, reflecting and contributing to an ongoing ignorance of the experiences of Asian women in Australian workplaces. The KMW examined in this study are subject to numerous forms of subordination in Australian workplaces and society that cannot be adequately explained in terms of their human capital or their gender and cultural differences. The covert nature of the politics of difference within the work place makes exclusionary practices more difficult to identify and discuss. The thesis argues that in order to overcome these problems new policies of multiculturalism and productive diversity need to be developed. It asserts that narrative analytic techniques are an important means by which to inform such policy development. Abstract This thesis examines the experiences of Korean migrant women (KMW) in the Australian labour market. A review of the extant literature leads to two propositions, both of which assert that KMW are likely to experience labour market disadvantage or barriers to entry. These propositions take into account two significant theories of the labour market: segmentation theory and human capital theory. Segmentation theory argues that unchangeable gender and racial / cultural differences have the greatest impact upon labour market value, human capital theory describes the labour market value of individuals as based upon apparently objective and attainable skills (here English language skills). Using narrative analysis and, more specifically, antenarrative analysis, the study examines the life stories of 33 Australian KMW. In so doing, it identifies hitherto unheard discourses concerning the experiences of KMW in relation to the Australian labour market — discourses that challenge established academic thinking regarding this issue. Identification and analysis of these new discourses generates a number of alternative understandings of the labour market experiences of KMW. These alternative understandings both demonstrate the limitations of, and go beyond, the existing two propositions. In particular, the research shows that the impacts of gender and culture (segmentation theory) vary over time for KMW, do not always prevent labour market participation, and are experienced in terms of identity within a gendered Australian labour market. The research also demonstrates that while many KMW are in fact sufficiently skilled in the English language (human capital theory) to enter the Australian labour market, they nevertheless experience a sense of inferiority about their English language capacity that discourages them from entering, and limits their opportunities to participate in, the labour market. This in turn contributes to their social isolation. The thesis concludes that within the Australian academic literature, KMW have either been given little space and voice or have been misrepresented, reflecting and contributing to an ongoing ignorance of the experiences of Asian women in Australian workplaces. The KMW examined in this study are subject to numerous forms of subordination in Australian workplaces and society that cannot be adequately explained in terms of their human capital or their gender and cultural differences. The covert nature of the politics of difference within the work place makes exclusionary practices more difficult to identify and discuss. The thesis argues that in order to overcome these problems new policies of multiculturalism and productive diversity need to be developed. It asserts that narrative analytic techniques are an important means by which to inform such policy development.
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Oliveira, Aline Parente. "World of the women in the market of work in Fortaleza/CE." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1285.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoThis study refers to an investigation about the relations between labour market and gender in Fortaleza (CE), focusing on occupational areas aiming at understanding how women are positioned, especially in 2001 and 2005. It is pertinent due to helping to show that positioning and circulating places addressed to women are still very much related to gender division. Its theoretical field is Cultural Geography, particularly a branch that has discussed, problematised and made use of a theoretical articulationâs fruitfulness in the poststructuralist perspectives, as it helps to understand that these relations are constructed in the cultural practices to position women and men in different occupational fields. We have sought to understand gender relations from the cultural practices. In this sense, gender relations are understood as those which bring into play (fe)male representations and symbols whose powers are directed to social practices to stay alive in the societyâs value set. Therefore, gender use as the analysis focus lies at deconstructing, displacing meanings that were culturally constructed, and showing that when they are marked around gender difference, they can and should be issued, questioned and problematised. To understand these issues we have sought for the research data at the Censos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatÃstica (IBGE), AnuÃrios EstatÃsticos do Sistema Nacional de Empregos, and Instituto de Desenvolvimento do Trabalho (SINE/IDT-CE) and da RelaÃÃo Anual das InformaÃÃes Sociais (RAIS) in 2001 and 2005, as they provided accessibility and updating. From the collection, some variables that allow us to understand the studied problematic, were observed: occupational field, age, instruction degree, salary, and working hours of the workers in Fortaleza. With the crossing of variables, we have constructed the theme thread for the research: local labour occupation and distribution, which provided discussions of the studied problematic. This has allowed us to reflect about and understand the configuration of the women in the labour market as cultural practices.
Este estudo refere-se a uma investigaÃÃo sobre as relaÃÃes entre mercado de trabalho e gÃnero na cidade de Fortaleza/CE, focalizando, especificamente, os setores ocupacionais com a finalidade de compreender as maneiras que as mulheres estÃo posicionadas, com Ãnfase nos perÃodos de 2001 e 2005. Sua pertinÃncia està pautada na contribuiÃÃo de mostrar que os lugares de posicionamento e circulaÃÃo, endereÃados Ãs mulheres, ainda estÃo muito relacionados à perspectiva da divisÃo sexual. Tem como campo teÃrico a Geografia Cultural, mais especificamente, em uma vertente que tem discutido problematizado e se valido da fecundidade de uma articulaÃÃo teÃrica com as perspectivas pÃs-estruturalistas, por auxiliar a compreender que essas relaÃÃes sÃo construÃdas nas prÃticas culturais, para posicionar mulheres e homens em diferentes setores ocupacionais. Pretende-se compreender as relaÃÃes de gÃnero a partir de prÃticas culturais. Nesse sentido, as relaÃÃes de gÃnero sÃo entendidas como aquelas que pÃem em jogo representaÃÃes e sÃmbolos de masculino e feminino, cujas forÃas endereÃam para prÃticas sociais com a finalidade de se manterem vivas no conjunto de valores da sociedade. Logo, a utilidade do gÃnero como foco de anÃlise està em desconstruir, deslocar significados que foram culturalmente construÃdos e mostrar que, quando marcados em torno da diferenÃa sexual, podem e devem ser tencionados, questionados, problematizados. Para entender estas questÃes, foram buscados os dados para a pesquisa nos Censos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatÃstica (IBGE), nos AnuÃrios EstatÃsticos do Sistema Nacional de Empregos e o Instituto de Desenvolvimento do Trabalho (SINE/IDT-CE) e da RelaÃÃo Anual das InformaÃÃes Sociais (RAIS), no perÃodo de 2001 e 2005, por apresentarem maiores acessibilidades e atualizaÃÃes. A partir de sua coleta, foram observados os comportamentos de algumas variÃveis que permitiam compreender a problemÃtica estudada: setor ocupacional, faixa etÃria, grau de instruÃÃo, remuneraÃÃo e jornada de trabalho da populaÃÃo ocupada de Fortaleza. Pelo cruzamento das variÃveis, efetuei a construÃÃo dos eixos temÃticos da pesquisa: ocupaÃÃo e distribuiÃÃo da mÃo-de-obra local, o qual apresentou discussÃes sobre a problemÃtica estudada. Isso permitiu estabelecer reflexÃes e compreender a configuraÃÃo da mulher no mercado de trabalho como prÃticas culturais.
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Scriven, Thomas. "Activism and the everyday : the practices of radical working-class politics, 1830-1842." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/activism-and-the-everyday-the-practices-of-radical-workingclass-politics-18301842(499e8040-fc6d-4711-904e-b86cf257d3a4).html.
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This thesis will re-evaluate the Chartist movement through research into day-to-day practice in four areas: sociability, material networks, gender and political subjectivity. It will demonstrate that Chartism's activism and the everyday lives of its members were indistinct. In the early years of the movement and the years preceding it, activism and political thought engaged with the quotidian to successfully build a movement that was not only relevant to but an integral part of people's everyday lives. This thesis will analyse how this interaction was not limited to Chartist activists politicising everyday grievances, but also how day-to-day practices and relationships contributed to the infrastructure, intellectual culture and political programme of the movement. This thesis will make original contributions to a number of debates. It challenges the dominant view of Chartism as first and foremost a political movement distinct from its social conditions. It will be argued that this dichotomy between the political and the social cannot be sustained, and it will be shown that activists were most successful when they drew from and were part of society. It will criticise the related trend in studies of Chartism and Radicalism to focus on political identity, meaning and forms of communication. It will argue that these topics are valuable, but need to be seen within a wider existential framework and integrated with an approach that sees cultural activity as one part of a range of activities. As such, it will illustrate the ways that cultural practices are bound with social relationships. Following this, it will make the case for practice to be looked at not just in symbolic or ritualistic terms but also in terms of day-to-day activities that were crucial for the development and maintenance of political movements. It will be argued that prosaic, mundane and day-to-day activities are integral aspects of social movements and as such are worthwhile areas of research. Finally, it will add to our understanding of Chartism by providing biographical information on Henry Vincent, an under-researched figure, and the south west and west of England, under-researched regions. This thesis is organised into two parts. The first will follow the work of activists in developing Chartism in the south west of England from the end of the Swing Riots until the Chartist Convention of 1839. Here it will be argued that Chartism relied upon a close and intensive interaction between activists and the communities they were politicising, with the result being that the movement was coloured by the politics, intellectual culture and practices of those communities. The second section will look at how the private lives and social networks of individual activists were integral to their political ideas, rhetoric and capacity to work as activists. Correspondence, documents produced by the state, the radical press and the internal records of the Chartist movement all shed light on the way everyday life and political thought and action merged.
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Woolley, Jonathan Paget. "Rede of reeds : land and labour in rural Norfolk." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273374.
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The central aim of this thesis is to provide a detailed ethnographic account of the human ecology of the Broads - a protected wetland region in the East of England - focussing upon how working lives shape and are shaped by this reedy landscape. In conversations about the management of the Broads, the concept of "common sense" is a frequent trope; encompassing a wide range of associated meanings. But what are these meanings of "common sense" in English culture, and how do they influence the peoples of England, and landscapes in which they work? This thesis addresses these questions ethnographically; using academic and lay deployments of common sense as a route into the political economy of rural Norfolk. Based on 12 months of fieldwork in the Broads National Park, this thesis draws together interviews and participant observation with land managers of various kinds - including conservationists, farmers, gamekeepers, volunteers, gardeners, and administrators. Chapter 1 dissects the differences between academic and popular understandings of "common sense" as a phrase, and produces an ethnographically-derived, working definition. Chapter 2 examines the attitudes of farmers, establishing "the common" as a root metaphor for social and practical rectitude, actualised through labouring in a shared landscape. Chapter 3 explores how the common is sensed, reflecting upon the diverse sensoria afforded by different degrees of enclosure on a single nature reserve. Chapter 4 explores how the concept of common sense intersects with a prevailing culture of possessive individualism, creating a fragmented society in the Park, wracked by controversies over management. Chapter 5 examines bureaucracy in Broadland - frequently cast as the very antithesis of common sense. In the conclusion, we return to the title, and ask - what do the reeds have to say about land, labour, and human nature?
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Mansi, Kamel Mahmoud Saleh. "Socio-economic and cultural obstacles to ethnic minority women's engagement in economic activity : a case study of Yemeni women in the UK." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.673819.
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Ahn, Jong-Soon. "The study of maternal employment in South Korea : cultural and structural constraints." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/45084/.
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This thesis explores factors in the low rates of maternal employment in South Korea through a quantitative analysis of a large-scale survey dataset, the Korea Labour and Income Panel Study (KLIPS). This thesis elaborates Western debates and theories of women's labour market participation within Korean contexts, develops hypotheses on a theoretical basis accommodating both individual factors such as human capital, children and spouse factors and structural factors like the workplace and class practices, and examines them through descriptive, cross-sectional linear and logistic regression analyses. The thesis finds that mothers' decisions toward paid work are responsive to children's ages, implying that lifestyle preferences adapt in accordance with the family's life cycle. Also, it is found that precarious employment and a long work-hour culture contribute to career interruptions while parental welfare such as child care leave and provision have a negative association. The thesis finds social class to be a critical factor linked to mothers' labour force participation. Middle class mothers tend to delay their career by trading off time for childrearing, including attending to children's educational needs, whereas lower class mothers tend to return more quickly to work. A key finding is that whilst married women's labour market behaviour appears to be explained in part by individual factors, such as work experience and the presence of children (as neo-classical theorists have argued), this thesis strongly suggests that structural factors are key to explaining the low level of maternal employment in Korea with a gendered labour market and welfare regime – such as the long work-hour culture and low parental welfare – sitting alongside social class as primary explanatory factors.
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Akyelken, Nihan. "Capital and development in social and cultural contexts : an empirical investigation on transport infrastructure development and female labour force in Turkey." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:01b1cb7a-aac9-436f-82c5-eb7ab8db138c.
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Non-economic factors like culture and politics, as well as the socio-economic background, matter significantly in directing economic development endeavours towards social wellbeing. Therefore, the current narrow definition of economic development must be extended to include overall wellbeing. As one of the primary forms of physical capital constituting a regional economy, transport investments have played a significant role in development plans. Given that accessibility to social infrastructure is a basic need, certain levels of infrastructure are essential. How these investments have an impact on different groups of individuals has kept many scholars busy for a long time. However, the economic spillover effects of these investments into female labour markets have remained largely unexplored. Situating the implications of development initiatives, including transport investments, for female labour markets in social and cultural contexts requires an integrated view of the regional economy. Although economic geography and existing development theories provide extensive conceptual models to elucidate the links between transport, labour markets and culture, the methodological implications are obscure; hence, the empirical evidence remains weak. This thesis explores the economic and non-economic dynamics of regional economies to clarify the links between transport infrastructure, labour markets, and social and cultural conditions. In particular, the association between female labour forces and development efforts, in the form of transport infrastructure development, is conceptually and empirically examined. This thesis conducts a case study on Turkey. With the extensive infrastructure investment that has been made since 2002 and the extremely low rates of female labour force participation (around 25%), compared to EU-15 and OECD averages of around 65%, Turkey serves as an illuminating case. Theoretically, the study shows that the focus of transport economics on the economic growth effect of investments is not consistent with current efforts to extend economic development objectives: transport research requires a broader view to assess its development implications. The study demonstrates how the interactions between the economic, physical, political, cultural and socio-economic attributes of regions significantly affect how individuals benefit from the investments. The overarching policy implications of the study are useful for regional development policy with a gender focus: complementary policy interventions in human capital development and the consideration of social and cultural attitudes should strengthen the positive impacts of physical investments on female labour markets.
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Bianchini, Franco. "Cultural policy and political strategy : the British Labour Party's approach to arts policy with particular reference to the 1981-86 GLC experiment." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1995. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658063.
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Bryggare, Anne. "”Det är mer plus, det måste det ju vara…” : En kvalitativ studie om att förhålla sig till kulturell bakgrund som kompetens." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Social Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1961.
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Several studies have shown that the Swedish labour market for different reasons is characterized by ethnical discrimination and that people who have another cultural background than Swedish are being excluded. Most studies done within this area have been focused on why it is harder for immigrants to enter the labour market and identifying the contributing mechanisms for this phenomenon. Instead the aim of this study was to see how the immigrants view their own cultural identity and background and how they perceive that their cultural competences are being valued when they apply for a job. To examine this, the following problematic was used: How does a person who has been brought up with both the Swedish culture and another culture look at using this as a cultural competence when they apply for a job. Two different theories were then applied to analyze the problematic, Erving Goffman´s theory about Stigma and Norbert Elias theory about the Established and the Outsiders. To carry out the study, a qualitative method with interviews was used and 8 people from 6 different cultural backgrounds participated. The results show that if the knowledge that had emerged from a persons cultural background turned out to benefit that person in his or her work situation than that person was more likely to see cultural background as a competence. Although if the condition was the opposite then there was no need to see it or to use it as a competence. Therefore cultural competence seems to be useful in specific situations and in interaction with certain people or groups of people rather than being viewed as an overall, general competence. To accentuate cultural competence also proved to be difficult due to the stereotyped conceptions about immigrants that exist in society. The conclusion of this study is that emphasizing cultural competence can sometimes benefit a person although there is always a risk that it could lead to increased stigmatization.
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Holovko, Iryna. "Volunteering for the nation : Volunteering as a tool of nation branding during the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 in Ukraine." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-35646.
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There have been a lot of studies dedicated to investigating nation branding as a set of political discourses and practices deploying analysis of objects of symbolic nature: logotypes, brand books, slogans and commercials. The present thesis aims to study nation branding as a form of communicative labour through investigating volunteering as a form of media work that is used as a tool of the nation branding campaign in Ukraine during the Eurovision Song Contest in 2017. By using the theoretical concepts of nation branding, values and motivations of free labour in media industries, the thesis analyses the role of volunteers in the nation branding campaign during ESC 2017, volunteering as a specific form of media work and the motivation tools employed by the organisers and volunteers themselves to make sense of their involvement in the event. The analysis suggests that the roles assigned to volunteers as bearers of the nation brand are of great importance but the volunteers’ understanding of this process is rather confused and blurred. Another point highlighted in the thesis is how is volunteering was organised in terms of training and motivation on the side of organisers and what kind of motivations were of the crucial significance to volunteers themselves.
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Hjorth, Isis Amelie. "Networked cultural production : filmmaking in the Wreckamovie community." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c5baae87-6667-463a-bef2-b22d25c75896.
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This thesis challenges core assumptions associated with the peer production of culture using the web-based collaborative film production platform Wreckamovie to understand how peer production works in practice. Active cultural participation is a growing political priority for many governments and cultural bodies, but these priorities are often implemented without a basis in empirical evidence, making it necessary for rigorous scholarship to tackle emerging networked cultural production. Existing work portrays peer production efforts as unrealistically distinct from proprietary, market-based production, incorrectly suggesting that peer production allows distributed, non-monetarily motivated, collaboration between self-selected individuals in hierarchy-free communities. In overcoming these assumptions, this thesis contributes to the development of a consolidated theoretical framework encompassing the complicated and multifaceted nature of networked cultural production. This theoretical framing extends Bourdieu’s theory of cultural production and reconciles it with Becker’s Art Worlds framework, and further embeds and draws on Benkler’s notion of commons-based peer production. Concretely, this research tackles the emergence of new collaborative production models enabled by networked technologies, and theorizes the tensions and challenges characterizing such production forms. Secondly, this thesis redefines cultural participation and considers the divisions of labour in online filmmaking materializing from the interactions between professional and non-professional filmmakers. Finally, this study considers the social economies surrounding networked cultural production, including crowdfunding, and characterizes associated conversions of capital, such as the conversion of symbolic capital into financial capital. Methodologically, this thesis employs an embedded case study strategy. It examines four feature film productions facilitated by the online platform Wreckamovie, as well as the online community within which these productions are embedded. The four production cases have completed all production stages, and have resulted in completed cultural goods during the course of data collection. This study’s findings were derived from two and half years of participant observations, interviews with 29 Wreckamovie community and production members, and the examination of archived production-related discourses (2006-2013). Ultimately, this study makes concrete proposals towards a theory of networked cultural production with clear policy implications.
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Gee, Narelle. "Maintaining our rage: Inside Australia's longest-running music video program." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/85665/10/Narelle_Gee_Thesis.pdf.
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This research presents an insider's account of rage, Australia's longest-running music video program. The research's significance is that there has been scarce scholarly analysis of this idiosyncratic ABC program, despite its longevity and uniqueness. The thesis takes a reflective and reflexive narrative journey across rage's decades, presenting the accounts of the program makers, aided by the perspective of an embedded researcher, the program's former Series Producer. This work addresses the rage research gap and contributes to the scholarly discussion on music video and its contexts, the ABC, public service broadcasting, creative labour, and the cultural sense-making of television producers.
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Macpherson, Robert Allan. "Immigrant integration and the global recession : a case study using Swedish register data." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7598.
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In many immigrant-receiving countries, the increased rate and diversification of immigration has placed immigrant integration high on academic and political agendas. Immigrant integration must also be understood within increasingly complex contexts due to the global recession and new geographies of immigrant settlement. The aim of this thesis is to deepen understanding of immigrant integration processes during the recession by using Sweden as an empirical lens. Using Swedish register data, this thesis examines the registered population during the recent economic boom and bust to explore how the recession may have resulted in differential labour market and migration outcomes between immigrants and natives. The first empirical chapter highlights how long-term processes have produced a spatial, immigrant division of labour that results in differential risks of unemployment during the recession. The second empirical chapter examines internal migration to show that although cyclical patterns of the economy offer some explanation of the differences in experiences between immigrant and natives, long-term, deeper processes are more important in understanding geographies of immigrant integration. The final empirical chapter examines a recent immigrant cohort to show that labour market entry is by no means uniform across time, space and immigrant origin. Conceptually, the thesis shows that existing theories of immigrant integration processes during recessions are underdeveloped and that processes taking place across other temporal and spatial scales offer deeper explanation for the differential outcomes between immigrants and natives. The thesis also reveals what is knowable from register data and how such data allows future research to present a more holistic picture of how various forms of immigrant integration play out across time (economic cycles, lifecourse, generations) and across space (urban, rural areas, old and new immigrant destinations). This methodological contribution is significant given that social scientists are currently evaluating the relative merits of population censuses versus administrative register data.
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Nobel, Carolina, and Mikaela Wedin. "”Man säger inte- Tjena Wallenberg här är jag, va!” : en studie av arbetskonsulenters förståelse av hinder och möjligheter på arbetsmarknaden för personer med utländsk bakgrund." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Social Work, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7020.
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The study is a qualitative survey with the purpose to through interviews with Employment Office social workers examine their perception of possibilities and obstacles in the employment market for immigrants. This purpose is specified through two specific problems; how are cultural and ethnic affiliations portrayed in relation to what is perceived as Swedish in the communication with Employment Office social workers and whether they reckon that the specifications in the employment market are pragmatically or normatively motivated. The materials are presented using a social constructivist perspective and in relation to previously conducted research and our chosen theory. The results are presented and analyzed in themes. The main conclusions drawn from the interviews are that it primarily is the individual prerequisites that are central, but that structural factors also affect the entry into the employment market. The interviewees refer to the specifications as being reasonably formulated, but that there are also implicit norms that determines the outcome of the recruitment process. Moreover, the Employment Office social workers are affected by the Swedish cultural context they work within, and that they experience ambivalence around the fact that employers assume a Swedish norm. This could conceal the competences of the unemployed and thus be excluding.
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Kaye, David Stewart Valdovinos. "Golden pagodas and platinum albums: Developing and decolonizing copyright in Myanmar." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/207883/1/David%20Stewart%20Valdovinos_Kaye_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis investigates copyright and musical artists in Myanmar. Theoretically framed by critical media industries studies and decolonizing methodologies and informed by in-depth qualitative interviews with key informants in the Myanmar music industry, this thesis illustrates how a music recording industry can flourish in the relative absence of copyright. Further, findings demonstrate how cultural conceptions of copying and authorship can shift dramatically in the absence of or prior to copyright reform. This thesis raises questions about the colonial legacy and power dynamics of international copyright regulation in the Global South.
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Eriksson, Fredrik. "Arbetsförmedlingens kulturpolitiska betydelse : En idéanalys av den svenska kulturpolitikens roll inom arbetsmarknadspolitiken." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och kulturvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-34011.
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The aim of this paper is to research and discuss the role the cultural politics play for the Swedish employment office (Arbetsförmedlingen) and the meaning culture politics have within the labour market policy. A research has shown that Arbetsförmedlingen evaluates unemployed cultural workers differently than regular registered jobseekers. From an instrumental perspective on political implementation this can be considered as an anomali. Arbetsförmedlingen’s mandate derives from the government and its authority is a tool for carrying out state policy. A study, conducted on how Arbetsförmedlingen handles matching of culture jobseekers in the labour market can therefore be utilized as guidance towards possible answers regarding the state’s cultural policy in general. The problem formulation presented above led to the following inquiry: Does Arbetsförmedlingen have a cultural political assignment appointed by the government? Furthermore, what does the answer to the question imply regarding the Swedish cultural policy? A descriptive analysis of ideas are applied in order to examine governmental political documents and Arbetsförmedlingen’s regulations. The inquiry has generated a no answer for its question. Arbetsförmedlingen does not have a cultural political assignment. The governmental organization has primarily a labour market political mission and in this context it signifies that it balances the cultural labour market. The result indicates that the Swedish cultural policy are presently diverting from the traditional Swedish model, where the state had a closer relationship to the culture and the culture workers.
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Fleming, James. "The Moral Economy of Swedish Labour Market Co-operation and Job Security in the Neoliberal Era." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kulturantropologi och etnologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447536.
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In the neoliberal era, there has been a global trend towards increased labour market insecurity and inequality, even in countries traditionally emblematic of union strength and socio-economic security such as Sweden. In this study, I present the first ethnographic research conducted in anthropology of negotiations between the central Swedish union and employer peak bodies (known as the ‘labour market partners’). These negotiations were conducted in 2020 against the background of a political crisis and political pressure to modernise and liberalise longstanding and fundamental job security protec- tions in the Employment Protection Act (LAS). Through the lens of these negotiations, I investigate the role of the labour market partners in moderating neoliberal trends and how the partners see their relationship and role in society. I investigate, for example, why Swedish employers support unions and a system that ostensibly curbs their own power. I employ the notions of moral economy and em- bedding to look beyond economic self-interest, to the moral and institutional norms that help explain the partners’ co-operation over time and the role they see themselves as playing as guardians of the social peace. I also incorporate interview material describing diverse workers’ experiences of the current job security protections under LAS. I argue that workers’ voices and experiences reveal a parallel moral economy, where current job security protections are revealed to be important but inadequate, and that job security is a highly nebulous, ambivalent and contextual phenomenon. I argue the moral economy of job security is one of entangled reciprocity between employer, worker and the state, and I consider the proposed reforms in this context. The study shows that even in the context of increasing market- isation of labour and society, reciprocity and cooperation both at the workplace and during the LAS negotiations serve to de-commodify labour and embed the economy in various moral norms. In this way, the research contributes to the anthropological literature on embeddedness and moral economy. It also contributes to both an ethnographic and theoretical understanding of job security.
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Clements, Paul. "The arts, culture and exclusion : with reference to New Labour cultural policy 1997-2002 : this is a critical examination of the social function and evaluation of the arts in Britain and the extent to which they legitimate social difference or integrate the socially excluded." Thesis, City University London, 2003. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8403/.
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With specific reference to the cultural policy set out by New Labour, this research explores the individual and social function of the arts and the extent to which they are agents of inclusion. The arts, an important aspect even driver of culture, can be perceived as exclusive with taste reflecting socio-economic concerns which contradicts this function. Such a paradox requires an investigation into the complex and sometimes contradictory relationship between cultural and social inclusion and exclusion, as well as the methods used of evaluating impact. The thesis is divided into four sections. Part One sets out definitions of social exclusion and relevant government cultural policy. Part Two investigates valuation methodology and techniques of evaluating the social impact of the arts programmes in particular. This includes an analysis of relevant reports. Part Three then investigates cultural exclusion. A trilateral approach is taken that assets at, cultural democracy and popular culture. Part Four relates specifically to causal factors of inclusion and how the arts enable emancipation, empowerment and satisfy personal need. It also explores the wider social function and ideal location of the arts, especially with regards to a leisure framework. Throughout, the research questions the extent to which the social role of the arts and policy is one of accommodation or more concerned with reflecting individual needs and a wider counterculture. It concludes that an engaged freedom is the more natural agenda of the arts, which contrasts with an instrumental New Labour government policy that treats social inclusion as primarily related to employment and training issues in order to increase individual social capital.
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Garcia-Lorenzo, Luica. "Cultural transitions : organisational change and its impact in culture." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/120/.
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This thesis explores, from a cultural perspective, the organisational change process resulting from a string of take-overs within Blazehard, a tyre manufacturing company in Spain. It looks at the effects of these changes in the way people reconstruct the organisation and their role as its employees through the stories they share. The first part of the thesis elaborates on the uses of culture as a conceptual tool for observing organisations and, especially, on the need to account for the complementary processes of continuity and change in social experience. The thesis proposes historical recollections, as cultural manifestations, as a vehicle that reproduces and challenges a cultural order through their reproduction and generation within that order. They articulate a space where the new and the uncertain can be made safe through their integration into the traditional and the known, thereby providing possibilities for permanence and security as well as for innovation. The research combines different methods of data gathering - interviews, documents and group discussions - and of analysis - narratives and discourses to facilitate the exploration of both the commonalties and the diverse interests and perspectives existing among Blazehard employees. The exploration of the stories shows how they compose a collectively reproduced narrative that guides -and therefore constrains- employees' historical recollections. This referential narrative is the vehicle through which people reproduce but also challenge their cultural order in the organisation. As such, storytelling is presented as the constant process of reformulation that opens possibilities for individual development within the cultural constraints that the organisation imposes on its members. The results suggest when people try to make sense of a change situation both turn to their own experiential resources and use the symbols that their cultural environment provides. It is in the tension between the two, that the conditions of fluidity and ambiguity required for a cultural transition can be created.
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Goulet, Frédéric. "L'innovation par retrait : reconfiguration des collectifs sociotechniques et de la nature dans le développement de techniques culturales sans labour." Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE29025.
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La remise en cause d'un modèle moderniste et productiviste en agriculture, bâti sur le développement des sciences et des techniques, se traduit par l'éclosion de formes originales de pratiques et de collectifs. Nous interrogeons ici les processus sociotechniques qui accompagnent ces transformations, à partir du développement en France de techniques sans labour et d'une agriculture de conservation, en tant qu' "innovation par retrait" basée sur la suppression d'un artefact et des actions qui lui sont associées, au profit d'objets de la nature sensés les supplanter. Cette recherche montre tout d’abord que cette actancialisation de la nature ne se traduit pas dans l'activité des praticiens par une simple transformation du "rapport" de ces derniers à la nature. Les objets de la nature sont effet en engagés au sein de différents collectifs et régimes d'action, et participent d'une évolution des cadres de socialisation des praticiens et de leurs identités. L'analyse révèle également que le retrait d'objets et de pratiques techniques va de pair avec la construction de collectifs originaux où agriculteurs, acteurs de la recherche et du développement agricole mais aussi firmes privées, s'associent sur un mode renouvelé. L'innovation par retrait révèle les tensions professionnelles et épistémiques qui prennent forme dans les rangs des agriculteurs et des acteurs de la recherche agronomique, et les recompositions sous formes de segments ou de communautés qui s'y opèrent. Elle rend compte également de la façon dont des acteurs du secteur privé, les firmes de l’agrofourniture, se dégagent de ces tensions et deviennent des acteurs essentiels des processus d’innovationThe modernist and productivist model of development in agriculture was built on the expansion of science and technologies. Challenging it implies the emergence of original forms of practices and of collectives. We question in this research the sociotechnical processes which accompany these transformations, based on the development of no-tillage and conservation agriculture as a case of " innovation by withdrawal". The latter is based on the suppression of an artifact and of actions associated with it (the plough and tillage), to the benefit of natural objects which may substitute them (the soil and its biological activity). Our results shows that this "actancialisation" of nature does not simply translate into a transformed relationship of practitioners with nature. Natural objects are engaged within various collectives and regimes of action, and therefore take part in an evolution of the frameworks of socialization of practitioners and their identities. This withdrawal corresponds moreover, for actors searching for meaning and new practices through objects and practices with a symbolic character, to a willingness to dissociate themselves from predefined categories of actors and modes of organization which they associate with the modernist model and its failures. Thus innovation by withdrawal reveals professional and epistemic tensions that take place among farmers and actors of agronomic research, and the corresponding recompositions in the form of segments or communities. It also explains how private input providers free themselves from these tensions and become essential actors of the innovation processes