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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cultural differentiation'
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1
Carpenter, John Philip 1957. "El ombligo en la labor: Differentiation, interaction and integration in prehispanic Sinaloa, Mexico." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282237.
Full textAbstract:
Northwest Mexico, often characterized as a vast gulf (the so-called Chichimec Sea) between the complex societies associated with the Mesoamerican superarea and the middle-range societies of the American Southwest, remains poorly understood by both Mesoamericanists and Southwesternists. This research analyzes funerary remains in order to reconstruct aspects of social, political, economic and ideological organization of the Huatabampo/Guasave culture, a prehispanic complex in northern Sinaloa and southern Sonora, Mexico. The data are primarily derived from Gordon F. Ekholm's excavation of a large burial mound situated on an abandoned meander of the Rio Sinaloa, approximately six kilometers from the modern town of Guasave, Sinaloa. Whereas previous models have traditionally considered this area as a marginal periphery of both Mesoamerica and the American Southwest, this study directs attention to the role of indigenous developments in culture change, inter-regional interaction and integration. The results support the interpretation of this region as an environmentally, spatially and culturally intermediate area between West Mexico and the Southwest.
2
Bruwer, Helena Dorothea. "The Canadian education system with special reference to cultural differentiation / Helena Dorothea Bruwer." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8754.
Full textAbstract:
1. PROBLEEMSTELLING: Die navorsingsprobleem is om vas te stel of die Kanadese
onderwysstelsel deur die verskillende kulture van die
Kanadese bevolking beïnvloed is. Of anders gestel,
bestaan daar die geleentheid tot kultuurdifferensiasie
in die Kanadese onderwysstelsel.
Uit hierdie probleemstelling word die volgende
probleemvrae afgelei, naamlik:
* Word die onderwysstelsel van 'n bepaalde
bevolkingsgroep deur die kul tuur van daardie groep
bepaal?
* Het die kultuurverskille in die Kanadese bevolking in
die verlede 'n invloed op die onderwysvoorsiening
gehad?
* Word die onderwysstelselstruktuur in Kanada bepaal
deur kultuurverskille?
* Word spesifieke maatreëls getref om
kultuurdifferensiasie te verwerklik?
2. NAVORSINGSDOELSTELLING
Voortvloeiend uit die navorsingsprobleem lei die
navorsingsdoelstelling om vas te stel of:
* die onderwysstelsel se aard kultuur-bepaald is;
* die kultuurverskille in die Kanadese bevolking in die
verlede 'n invloed op die onderwysvoorsiening gehad
het;
* die onderwysstelselstruktuur
kultuurverskille bepaal word; en
* of daar spesifieke maatreëls
in Kanada deur
getref word om
kultuurdifferensiasie in die onderwys moontlik te
maak.
3. NAVORSINGSMETODES
'n Literatuurstudie is gevoer deur boeke, tydskrifte en
koerante te raadpleeg wat betrekking op die studieveld
mag hê. Onderhoude is gevoer met gesaghebbendes op hul
gebied in die onderwys om 'n wyer siening te bekom oor
die Kanadese onderwys-gemoeidheid.
4. STRUKTUUR VAN DIE VERSLAG
In die opvolgende vyf hoofstukke is gepoog om die
navorsingsdoelstellings te staaf.
HOOFSTUK 2
'n Teoretiese begronding van die verband tussen die
onderwysstelsel en kultuur word bespreek. Aan die hand van
deeglike ondersoek is daar gevind dat kultuur geen definisie
het nie, maar alle aspekte van die mens se lewenswyses
insluit soos: tradisie, geskiedenis, ekonomie, politiek,
handel, boukuns, landbou, kuns, etiek, taal, gewoontes en
gebruike. Omdat die kultuurbegrip so omvattend is, kan gesê
word kultuur deursuur die mens, sy gewoontes, sy gebruike,
sy taal, sy materiële vooruitgang en sy omgewing.
In die allesomvattende begrip kultuur, word die opvoeding of
onderwys ook ingesluit. Derhalwe sal die onderwys van 'n
groep noodwendig deur daardie groep beoefen word binne die
kul tuurgrense wat die groep as belangrik beskou. So word
daar dan van 'n Engelse, Franse of Amerikaanse kultuur
gepraat, en of onderwys.
Terwyl die onderwys dan verbonde is aan die kultuur van die
groep, sal die onderwys bedryf word binne 'n
onderwysstelsel. Die onderwysstelsel is die georganiseerde
struktuur verband waarbinne onderwys bedryf word, en word
bepaal deur die kultuur van die bevolkingsgroep.
HOOFSTUK 3 EN 4
Kanada is bespreek aan die hand van natuurlike en kulturele
faktore. Aangesien die land so uitgestrek is, 4,000 myl van
oos na wes, met 'n klimaat van uiterste, lang koue winters
en kort warm somers, het die twee faktore bygedra tot die
kommunikasie-probleme wat weer aanleiding gegee het tot
plaaslike ontwikkeling en lojaliteite. Gevolglik berus
Kanada se politieke bestel op 'n versameling van provinsies
binne 'n federale regering.
Die onderwys-geskiedenis is aangetoon in die lig van
kulturele verskille wat betrekking het, eerstens, op die
Franse en Engelse en later, op die ander groepe.
Die Franse nedersetting het in die oostelike deel van die
land begin. Na die Engelse oorname van die Franse gebied
het konflikte ontstaan as gevolg van die Franse se weiering
om Engel se gebruike aan te neem,
vernaamste was. Volgens die
waarvan die onderwys die
Franse gebruik was die
Katolieke kerk verantwoordelik vir die onderwys, en die
Katolieke kerklikes wou geen Engelse staatsinmenging duld
nie. Om enigsins vreedsaam te verenig is daar volgens
wetgewing bepaal dat onderwys die verantwoordelikheid van
die provinsie bly. Daarvolgens is onderwysvoorsiening 'n
plaaslike aangeleentheid en val dit nie onder die federale
regering se jurisdiksie nie. 'n Spesiale bepaling maak vir
kultuurverskille voorsiening, naamlik 'n aparte skoolraad,
sodat die Protestante in Quebec en die Katolieke in die
ander provinsies die reg behou om aparte skole te hê, en
geregtig is op staatshulp.
Kanada is geleidelik bevolk deur immigrante van Europa. In
Engelse Kanada of Kanada-Wes 1 het die Engelse invloed die
onderwysbeplanning gerugsteun. Ryerson, as superintendent
van onderwys, het die riglyne vir die onderwysstelsel
aangetoon in 1846 tot 1876. Soos die land weswaarts bevolk
is, het die onderwysstelsel uitgebrei. Die ontwikkelende
provinsies het nie die patroon slaafs nagevolg nie 1 maar dit
aangepas om by die plaaslike gemeenskappe se behoeftes en
verskille aan te pas. So, het Britse Kolombië ‘n
nie-sektariese onderwysstelsel, terwyl Newfoundland se
stelsel verbonde is aan vyf denominale stelsels.
In 1876 het Kanada 'n federasie geword met vier provinsies,
die ander provinsies het op later datums lede geword. By
elke byvoeging is die onderwysvoorsiening wetgewing
bekragtig.
In hierdie twee hoofstukke word dan aangetoon dat die
geografiese kenmerke van distansie en klimaat die
kommunikasie tussen die mense beïnvloed het 1 sodat daar 'n
alles-oorheersende plaaslike lojaliteit ontstaan het. Die
historiese patroon van nedersetting 1 oos en wes met die
Franse en Engelse, het die plaaslike groepslojaliteit verder
aangehelp. Die gevolg was dat daar 'n gefragmenteerde
pluralistiese federasie van mense ontstaan het, met
onderwysvoorsiening 'n plaaslike aangeleentheid. Die Franse
en Engelse bevolkings het etnies religieus, kultureel en
linguisties te veel verskil om eenvormig te wees.
Die tweede navorsingsdoel is hierby verklaar, naamlik dat
die kultuurverskille van die Kanadese bevolking in die
verlede 'n invloed op die onderwysvoorsiening gehad het.
HOOFSTUK 5
In hoofstuk vyf het die klem geval op die rol wat die
federale en provinsiale regerings speel in
onderwysvoorsiening. Alhoewel die federale regering
aangewys is op onderwysvoorsiening vir spesiale groepe, soos
die Indiane, Eskimo's, Weermag en Gevangenes, het die
federale regering geen direkte inspraak op die onderwys van
die provinsies nie. Daar is tans 'n debat om die federale
regering se rol te probeer verklaar, aangesien die federale
regering die onderwys indirek beïnvloed deur finansiële
bydraes te maak. Daar word andersins streng gewaak teen
direkte federale inspraak op die onderwys van die
provinsies.
Die onderwys is derhalwe gedesentraliseerd tot op plaaslike
vlak. In die provinsiale struktuur val onderwysbeheer en
-beleid onder die gesag van die departement van onderwys met
'n minister aan die hoof van die departement. Hy/sy is 'n
politieke aanstelling terwyl die adjunk-minister 'n
staatsdienaar is. Onder die leiding en gesag van die
persone resorteer die administrasie, finansiële begroting,
onderwysuitvoering, onderwysdienste en onderwysinrigtings.
Verder het die plaaslike skoolrade gedelegeerde gesag sodat
skoolstelsels op provinsiale vlak verskil.
Omdat die onderwysstelsel so ui teenlopend is, kon net 'n
veralgemening gebruik word ten einde te benadruk dat die
onderwysstelselstruktuur kultuur bepaald is.
die derde navorsingsdoelstelling uiteengesit.
HOOFSTUK 6
Vervolgens is
Binne die hoofstuk word aangedui hoe die beleid van
multikulturalisme waarop die federale regering in 1970
besluit het, binne die tweetaligheidbeginsel toegepas moet
word.
Die dominante Engelse groep het die onderwys van al die
provinsies beheer behalwe Quebec. Ten einde geassimileer te
word moes die immigrante hul by die Engelse beleid van
onderwys aanpas. Gedurende die sestigerjare het Quebec 'n
etniese oplewing ondervind toe die Franse bevolking hul rol
in die ekonomiese samelewing bevraagteken het. Deurgrondige
ondersoek is ingestel en na aanleiding van die verslae het
die ander etniese groepe in Kanada aangetoon dat hulle
erkenning wil hê. Daar is wetgewing ingedien en Kanada volg
nou die beginsel van multikulturalisme binne 'n
tweetaligheidsraamwerk.
Uiteenlopende denkrigtings/opinies word gehuldig oor die
uitvoerinq van multikulturalisme binne skool verband.
Daar die beleid berus op die vertolking van elke provinsie
of skoolraad binne sy kulturele verband of belang, kon net
'n paar voorbeelde genoem word.
Daar is egter opgelet dat spesifieke maatreëls getref word
om kul tuurdifferensiasie in die onderwys moontlik te maak,
wat die vierde navorsingsdoelstelling duidelik maak.
Die slotopsomming van die navorsingstudie met sekere
bevindings word in die hoofstuk verhaal.. Dit is gevind dat
die studieveld baie meer behels as wat aanvanklik bereken
is, met die gevolg dat die veelomvattendheid van die studie
nie genoeg ruimte oorlaat vir 'n in diepte verslag nie.
Die moontlikheid bestaan dus dat 'n opvolg studie die area
kan bereik wat nie gedek is nie, te wete die onderwysvooriening van die inboorlinge, Indiane en
Eskimo's.Thesis (MEd)--PU vir CHO, 1987
3
Diederich, Marcia C. "Cultural determinants in Chinese and American preschool children's understanding of physical laws and social rules." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2008. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008diederichm.pdf.
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4
Eriksson, Linn, and Hanna Santesson. "Organizational Culture in a Remote Setting : A Qualitative Study on Organizational Culture and the Effects of Remote Work." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448645.
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Organizational culture is a widely known concept and is something that has increasingly become a subject of importance as many argue for its relation to an organization’s overall performance and business. The idea for this study was born in the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic that broke out during the year of 2020. The authors’ interest in the subject of organizational culture and the identified lack of research on the area culminated in the research question to what extent does remote work affect organizational culture? The aim with our study was to deepen our knowledge on remote work and its effects on culture because of the widespread discussion on a more flexible attitude towards it even after the COVID-19 pandemic. The theoretical framework in this study was based on a three- perspective-approach that consists of three different perspectives on how to study organizational culture. The research was based on a qualitative case study and nine semi- structured interviews were conducted. The results showed that organizational culture has been affected by remote work to some extent. The authors suggest future research on the subject with a similar study, but at a later point in time to be able to conclude the more long term and permanent effects of remote work on organizational culture.
5
Wang, Chongying. "A cross-cultural study of metaphoric understanding in English and Chinese children and adults from a developmental and cognitive perspective." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670038.
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6
Hills, Mils. "Modes of association and differentiation in Mauritius : an account of identity in a situation of socio-cultural heterogeneity." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6455.
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This Thesis details the anthropological investigation of socio-cultural heterogeneity in Mauritius, a small island republic in the Indian Ocean. I introduce the island, its population, climate and other salient features in the Introduction, where I also reveal something of the author's intentions, interests and ideology. Although Mauritius has been relatively infrequently written about by anthropologists or other social scientists, when Mauritian social diversity has been discussed it has been conducted on the presumption that difference is synonymous with division. Consequently, in Chapter 1, I develop a critique of this assumption, which has found its way into the texts and discourses of both sociologists and state bureaucrats. I collapse these two categories' products into one, by drawing upon Foucault's notion of 'governmentality', and critique widespread views of Multiculturalism as being founded on the alleged coevalness of difference and division. I also introduce my three main analytical tools: intersubjectivity, transcendence and creolization. Chapter 2 portrays individuals' identity, agreeing that at times those Mauritians that I met did draw divisions between one another, but that this was far from predictable, nor universally practised. Chapter 3 continues this project, by focusing on specific forms of the expression of division, but again I highlight the unanticipated nature of division and difference. Chapter 4 further clouds the picture by noting that even where individuals might be thought to be unproblematically employing ethnic - or caste - based strategies in, for example, the workplace, the use of such tools was again unforseeable, and not always successful. Even where they were successful in securing advantage, there are wider costs not previously noted in the ethnographic record. Chapter 5 is the culmination of my argument. Through a fine-grained portrayal of a number of ethnographic moments, I point up the unifying and shared practices which have hitherto been excerpted from ethnographic accounts of Mauritius (or other 'plural' societies). These unifying features are as relevant to my understanding of Mauritian society as divisions, I claim, and I reflect on the contrast between 'banal' unities and governmental notions of Multiculturalism. The Conclusion draws together the threads of the Thesis and charts where it fits in terms of wider anthropological and political trends.
7
Outhwaite, Deborah Emily. "Educational leadership in the International Baccalaureate : critical reflections on modern elite formation and social differentiation." Thesis, University of Derby, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/621613.
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This thesis has focussed on the International Baccalaureate’s Diploma Programme (IBDP). This focus arose from the author having worked in three centres which had subsequently gone on to adopt the IBDP, and which had thus given the author access to an initial purposive sample. This sample was later extended to include another five schools/colleges, as the author found that the initial interviewing sample had yielded inconclusive findings. The extended sample, however, provided a significantly rich source of qualitative data. This thesis examines leadership, and how leaders choose to implement non-mandatory curricula choices in schools and colleges. It also addresses whether leaders believe that these choices make differences to their students’ life chances through social mobility. This thesis investigates what happens when leaders can no longer afford to offer such choices to their students: how this makes them ‘feel’, and what they have ‘experienced’, through the removal of a curriculum option for educationalists and learners alike. It also addresses how leaders ‘feel’ when their students maintain access to curricula choices that other post-16 students are unable to access. The thesis also considers the development and extension of ‘a globally mobile transnational elite’ group (Savage et al, 2015: 244), and the leaders in education who deliver and extend this position. There have been eight phases to this research process, including four strands of data collection, with post-16 students, middle tier staff, HEI students, and Senior Leadership Teams in providing institutions, but the determining focus is with the SLTs interviews (N=28), conducted in 2014 and 2015. These were the individuals who had taken the decisions on the implementation of this non-mandatory curriculum area. The thesis analyzes some of the current areas of ‘distinction’ (Bourdieu, 1986) on independent schooling, and the research process demonstrates the significant gaps that are opening up between more traditional upper middle class groups in contrast with more adept transnational students and their parents. The thesis confirms that a global transnational elite exists inside the English education system, and that it uses the IBDP extensively to establish its separate cultural identity. It identifies ways of access to HEIs that are now a critical part of that cultural entity, as discussed by Savage et al (2015). This thesis is therefore an indicator of new and emerging forms of social differentiation, and examines how this is created using the IBDP. At a time of decreasing social mobility for the mainstream population, the thesis explores whether education environments are able to influence either their students or the wider education policy agenda, in order to actively achieve social justice.
8
Phillips, Marianne, and edu au jillj@deakin edu au mikewood@deakin edu au wildol@deakin edu au kimg@deakin. "The Internationalisation of Singapore Television: Singaporean Regional and Global Perspectives and Contexts." Deakin University. School of Literary and Communication Studies, 2001. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20040818.141118.
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In this study l investigate the Singaporean characteristics of broadcast media internationalisation. I ask the question "e
Does Internationalisation lead to homogenisation and commercialisation of the television culture in Singapore or does it give way to more diversity, thus stimulating cultural differentiation?"e
. I articulate the constraints and/or tensions of supranational regulation, foreign policy, regional and intraregional alliances upon communication and the cultural and social effects as they impact on and respond to production, programming, scheduling and output in Singapore.
I explain how Singaporean Television media culture takes part in the processes of globalisation, and how it challenges existing cultures and creates new and alternative symbolic and cultural communities, within the context of regional communication.
In this thesis 1 conclude that whilst Singapore definitely does not have equity in information, wealth or resource flows it is attempting to liberalise. To do so, the government recognises that serious inadequacies and imbalances must be addressed and that the path to greater political and economic growth is through an actively informed public. Despite regulatory restrictions on data flow and technical and service ownership, Singapore is encouraging regional alliances, depoliticising cultural differences and concentrating on economic imperatives to build mutual knowledge and understanding, multilateral agreements, collective ownership, mutual exchange and cooperative dissemination.
9
Hung, Auris Huang. "The concept of differentiated oneness and implications for Asian American families." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2004. http://www.tren.com.
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Metni, Lena. "Nivågruppering i grundskolans tidigare år : Hur och varför används den i matematikundervisningen." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-14798.
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The aim of this essay is to examine why and how three teachers who work in elementary classes choose to use ability grouping during math lessons and what they think of ability grouping as a method to individualize the activities according to the pupil’s needs. I chose one main question for this study that is the following: What is the teacher’s point of view and experience of ability grouping in teaching mathematics? And three sub-questions: What are the motives behind the choice of ability grouping? What are the advantages of ability grouping? What are the disadvantages of ability grouping? In order to be able to answer my questions, I used the qualitative method. I interviewed three teachers who work in the elementary classes (First to fifth grade) to find out what they think about ability grouping and how it is experienced in mathematic teaching.The result shows that the common thing between these three teachers is that they don’t use ability grouping as the only teaching method. They all agree that the whole class teaching has many benefits for the pupils. Regarding the teachers’ views on advantages of ability grouping, they all regard it as a method that contributes to differentiating the math activities according to the pupil's personal needs. My conclusion is that the teachers’ different experiences of ability grouping have an impact on their point of view of ability grouping.
11
Hallerström, Jacob. "Konstverkets roll i samtida reklam : Funktioner, meningsskapande och en jämförelse mellan svensk och singaporiansk reklam." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-165559.
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This Bachelors essay takes an in-depth look at how meaning is created through advertisements with references to art. What reasons can be found for why art, a phenomenon that draws highly on analogue reactions, is still widely used in advertisements today in a society that is more and more digitalized. Through a strategic selection of ads picked to illustrate variations in how art is used in advertising, different forms of how meaning is created through these ads are analysed. Semiotic analyses are applied to six different ads that all use art in some way. Methods such as social semiotics and multimodal analysis-tools lay the foundation for how the analyses are made. The semiotic analysis focuses on distinguishing certain factors of the ads that motivate the use of famous artworks. Based on results from previous research in the field I choose to look at three different reasons to why artworks are used in advertisements; humour, seriousness and exclusivity. Furthermore, this bachelors essay also includes a comparative analysis. Half of the advertisements included were produced in Sweden, the other half in Singapore. This comparative aspect of the essay is motivated by the fact that Sweden and Singapore are the two most digitalized countries in the world. This led to an interest in whether the analogue reactions which advertising with references to art are based on may differ between these two countries. The study shows that humour and exclusivity are the two main functions that give reason to the use of art in the analysed advertisements. Furthermore, the semiotic analyses found that humour-based ads tend to depend more on the relation between words and image to create meaning. Advertisements based on exclusivity tend to be more reliant on the visual aspects of the image. A tendency towards visual links between the products and the artwork used in the advertisements could also be found. The comparative aspect of the study found a similar focus on humour and exclusivity in the advertisements, though different forms of humour. A more transparent use of exclusivity in the advertisements from Singapore than the Swedish ones could also be distinguished.
12
Lemaître, Mathieu. "Ressources patrimoniales culturelles et développement touristique." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20036/document.
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Cette thèse étudie les mécanismes qui déterminent le succès des stratégies de développement touristique centrées sur le patrimoine culturel. La première partie revient sur la notion de patrimoine et les enjeux économiques liés à sa valorisation. Elle tente notamment d’identifier les liens entre la nature des ressources et leur place sur le marché. La seconde partie cherche à construire un cadre théorique apte à appréhender le caractère spécifique du patrimoine. Elle envisage son rôle sous l’angle des avantages absolus et différenciatifs, et s’intéresse à son processus d’activation. La troisième partie, par l’examen de la liste du patrimoine mondial, interroge le lien entre des ressources théoriquement exceptionnelles, leur valorisation par une stratégie de labellisation éprouvée (du moins dans le discours), et le statut d’attraction majeure. Des outils économétriques sont ensuite mobilisés afin d’étudier la contribution relative des caractéristiques de l’offre patrimoniale, sur les performances touristiques et socio-économiques des pseudo-cantons de Midi-Pyrénées. Bien que nos résultats montrent que la valeur culturelle des ressources détermine pour une large part leur potentiel, leur impact dépend surtout du contexte économique et des moyens déployés dans le cadre de leur mobilisation marchande. En outre, malgré le rôle central des labels dans les politiques de promotion, les tests n’apportent aucune preuve concluante d’un impact économique quantifiable leur étant associé. Ils peuvent, dans certains cas, jouer un rôle de catalyseur, mais ne sont que des leviers d’actions parmi d’autres, dont l’efficacité dépend largement du contexte et des modalités de leur usageThis thesis investigates the determinants of cultural heritage tourism development. Part one is devoted to the notion of heritage, as well as economic issues related to its valorisation. Part two provides a theoretical and conceptual framework that takes into account the specific nature of heritage, and addresses heritage market mechanisms through the notions of absolute and differentiative advantage. Special attention is also being paid to heritage activation process. In part three, this research questions the relationship between cultural resources of outstanding universal value, valorisation through a proven labelling strategy (or at least portrayed as such), and major tourist attraction status, through the analytical lens of UNESCO world heritage list. Econometric modelling is then employed to study the relative contribution of keys cultural heritage features upon tourism and socio-economic performance at the Midi-Pyrénées’ cantonal scale. Our results show that heritage’s potential impact on tourism development is strongly related to its own intrinsic cultural value. However, the real impact of heritage depends more on the way resources are being used, and on the economic environment in which these resources are being brought into the market. Even though labels hold a central position in tourism development policy, the tests we conducted do not provide any conclusive evidence of a quantifiable economic impact. Labelling strategies may act as a catalyst for tourism and economic development, yet expected benefits remain highly contingent upon the sites’ pre-labelling economic profile, as well as the nature of the interventions that accompanies designation
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Freyer, Nora [Verfasser]. "Optimizing culture conditions for hepatic differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells : from 3D culture systems to co-cultures / Nora Freyer." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1160514968/34.
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Bai, Qiang. "Human pluripotent stem cells in In vitro conditions : differentiation and genomic instability." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON1T007/document.
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Les cellules souches pluripotentes humaines (hPSC) sont des cellules capables à la fois d'autorenouvellement et de se différencier en tous les types cellulaires. Elles peuvent être issues de l'embryon (pour cellules souches embryonnaires humaines, hESC) ou être obtenues par reprogrammation d'une cellule différenciée (pour cellules souches pluripotentes induites humaines, hiPSC). Les hPSC sont au centre d'enjeux scientifiques, médicaux et économiques majeurs, en particulier dans le cadre des maladies génétiques et orphelines. En effet, elles ouvrent la porte à de nouvelles stratégies de modélisation de maladies génétiques humaines in vitro et sont une source potentiellement illimitée de cellules pour une thérapie cellulaire des maladies dégénératives. Cependant, la culture in vitro de hPSC est une étape essentielle avant toute application clinique ou recherche fondamentale. En effet, la culture cellulaire est nécessaire pour l'amplification du nombre des cellules, et est nécessaire pour toute étape de différenciation in vitro. Or c'est une étape délicate pour le succès des applications visées. Mon travail de doctorat s'est focalisé sur deux aspects de la culture des hPSC. Dans un premier temps, j'ai modélisé in vitro une voie de différenciation, le développement trophoblastique humain, en modulant les paramètres de la condition de culture, notamment en jouant sur la concentration du facteur de croissance BMP4. Ce travail m'a permis d'élucider la toute première bifurcation de différenciation cellulaire au cours du développement embryonnaire humain précoce. Dans un second temps, mon travail s'est focalisé sur le changement phénotypique et génomique des hPSC au cours de la culture in vitro. J'ai montré que l'utilisation de certains protocoles de passage cellulaire – en particulier le passage par dissociation cellulaire complète par utilisation de trypsine - se traduit par des acquisitions très précoces d'anomalies génétiques chromosomiques et sub-chromosomiques, et que des anomalies sub-chromosomiques pouvaient précéder l'apparition d'anomalies chromosomiques. Les conséquences de ces observations sont importante pour la recherche de la culture de hPSC : (1) il faut définitivement renoncer à l'utilisation des passages par dissociation cellulaire complète, y compris pour les méthodes de culture en suspension, et (2) il faut, pour valider une technique de culture, compléter systématiquement le caryotype par un examen d'analyse génétique avec une meilleure résolutionHuman pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) are the stem cells capable to self-renew and also to differentiate into all the cell types. These cells can be derived from embryos (for human embryonic stem cells, hESC) but also be obtained by reprogramming the differentiated somatic cells (for human induced pluripotent cells, hiPSC). The hPSC become central stakes of science, medicine and economy, particularly for genetic and rare diseases. In fact, they open up the new perspectives to the novel treatment strategies by remodeling human genetic diseases in vitro and at the same time they are a potentially unlimited cell source for cell therapy for especially degenerative diseases. Meanwhile, the hPSC in vitro culture is one of the most important steps before passing to the clinic applications and in fundamental research, as the proliferation and pluripotency can only be maintained in culture condition as well as many differentiation methods. My PhD work was concentrated on the hPSC in vitro culture. At first, I modeled human trophoblastic development and its differentiation pathway in vitro by modulating the parameters of culture, especially the concentration of BMP4. This work permitted clarifying the first cell lineage bifurcation in early human embryonic development. Secondly, my word was focalized on the phenotypic and genomic changes of hPSC during the in vitro culture. I demonstrated that the use of some passaging protocols in culture, particularly complete cell dissociation by trypsin, was translated by very early acquisitions of chromosomal and sub-chromosomal abnormalities, and that the appearance of sub-chromosomal abnormalities could precede chromosomal abnormalities. The consequences of these observations are important for the hPSC culture research: (1) the use of complete cell-dissociation passaging should be definitively abandoned, including the suspension culture, and (2) the genetic analyses with higher resolution should be added to validate a culture technic
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Mayaud, Isabelle. "Sciences de la musique sans frontières ? : Contribution à une sociologie du processus de primitivisation." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080007.
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Cette thèse analyse la division moderne des domaines des sciences de la musique et la hiérarchisation des répertoires musicaux qui lui est corrélative. La recherche s’appuie sur une enquête socio-historique menée à partir du cas français et sur plusieurs sources courant du début du XVIIème au milieu du XXème siècle. Elle mobilise des ressources manuscrites et imprimées (documents administratifs, archives savantes et muséales, actes de congrès et autres imprimés issus des Expositions universelles, archives du secteur de l’édition, pièces documentant la collecte et la conservation d’instruments de musique, de chansons et d’enregistrements sonores) qui sont traitées à l’aide de plusieurs méthodes (analyse lexicale, sociologie des textes, bases de données, ethnographie historique). L’enquête met en lumière une configuration de patrimonialisation de la musique pilotée par l’État-nation français, qui participe d’un processus de longue durée de différenciation du social par la musique. Des opérations de collecte et de conservation des objets de musique sont impulsées par le Second Empire et confortées par la Troisième République. Elles concourent à assigner certains répertoires, portés par des populations vivantes, à une anhistoricité – un en-deçà de l’histoire. Ce partage est analysé comme un système de domination symbolique institué par plusieurs administrations (Instruction publique, Commerce et Industrie, Beaux-Arts, Colonies), produit et reproduit par différent·e·s agent·e·s mandaté·e·s par l’État (Professeur·e·s, académicien·ne·s, conservateurs et conservatrices, dirigeant·e·s territoriaux)In this dissertation, I analyse how, in the modern period, the different scientific domains dealing with music were divided, and how, at the same time, musical repertories were organised into a hierarchy. This research, focused on the French case, is based on a socio-historical enquiry and on several sources dating from the beginning of the seventeenth to the mid-twentieth century. Those sources are both manuscript and printed, and range from administrative documents, scientific and museum archives, conference proceedings and other printed sources related to the Universal Exhibitions, to archives from the publishing sector and other pieces related to the collection and curating of musical instruments, songs and audio recordings. The following methods were mobilised : lexical analysis, textual sociology, databases and historical ethnography. The enquiry emphasizes a configuration of the process of making music a part of national heritage by the French State, which is also a long-term process of social differentiation through the music. Collecting and curating operations of musical objects were initiated by the Second Empire and consolidated by the Third Republic. These operations have contributed to make certain repertories anhistorical, kept in a zone below history. This separation is analysed as a symbolic domination system, which was enacted by several administrations (Public Instruction, Trading and Industry, Fine Arts, Colonies), produced and reproduced by different agents commissioned by the State (teachers and professors, academicians, curators, territorial leaders)
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Seeley, Marguerite R. "Developmental toxicity of alkylating agents in differentiating cell cultures /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8464.
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Field, R. P. "Primary culture of uterine cells : Markers of growth and differentiation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372403.
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Thomas, Leigh Sara. "Development of a culture system to study human trophoblast differentiation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621203.
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Coletta, Riccardo. "Manipulating growth and differentiation of embryonic intestine in organ culture." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/manipulating-growth-and-differentiation-of-embryonic-intestine-in-organ-culture(ad43b8a7-2499-4813-a1de-c46a24a079aa).html.
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Background: An ex vivo experimental strategy replicating in vivo intestinal development would provide an accessible setting to study normal and dysmorphic biology, and would be a test bed for tissue engineering. Previous studies implicated transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) in postnatal gut maturation and regeneration following injury, but its potential role in intestinal development is poorly understood. I firstly hypothesised that embryonic small intestine is able to heal after physical injury. To test this idea, I aimed to create an organ culture model using explants of embryonic jejunum. I secondly hypothesised that TGFβ1 affects embryonic small intestine growth and differentiation. Accordingly, I aimed to use the same organ culture model to determine potential effects of exogenous TGFβ1.Methods. Segments of mouse embryonic jejunum were isolated by dissection and placed on semipermeable platforms. They were fed with defined, serum free, media, in some cases supplemented with TGFβ1. Growth, differentiation and healing of explants were characterized and quantified using a battery of techniques that included whole mount imaging, histology, immunostaining and RNA arrays. TGFβ1 was measured in amniotic fluid by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Groups were compared by statistical tests. Results: After three days of culture, jejunal rudiments differentiated from simple tubes into a more complex structures containing smooth muscle surrounding newly formed villi. Pairs of rudiments, linked by a thread, fused and formed a continuous single lumen, as assessed by trajectories of fluorescent dextrans injected into their distal ends. Functional continuity was confirmed by spontaneous waves of peristalsis crossing the point of fusion. In vivo, TGFβ receptors I and II were detected in embryonic longitudinal smooth muscle cells and, in organ culture, exogenous TGFβ1 induced differentiation of longitudinal smooth muscle. Microarray profiling showed that TGFβ1 increased smooth muscle associated transcripts in a dose-dependent manner. TGFβ1 protein was detected in amniotic fluid at a time when the embryonic small intestine was physiologically herniated. Conclusion: Embryonic jejunal segments can fuse to form a single functional organ when aided by a mechanical manipulation. By analogy with the requirement for exogenous TGFβ1 for smooth muscle differentiation in culture, the TGFβ1 protein that I demonstrated to be present in the amniotic fluid may enhance intestinal development when it is physiologically herniated in early gestation. Future studies of embryonic intestinal cultures should add TGFβ1 in the defined media to produce a more faithful model of in vivo muscle differentiation. In future, this model could be used to test whether other growth factors enhance intestinal growth, and so pave the way to novel biological treatments for short bowel syndrome, a devastating disease with a high mortality.
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Karandikar, Atul. "Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) : growth and differentiation of surface grown cultures." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242153.
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Gorodeski, George Israel. "Retinoids and steroid hormones regulate differentiation of cultured human ectocervical cells." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1054845951.
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Hopley, J. P. "Toxicity studies in a differentiating epidermal keratinocyte culture." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1986. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847531/.
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A keratinocyte culture derived from rat sublingual epithelium has been developed and characterised both morphologically and enzymically. Morphologically the culture closely resembles that found in vivo. The culture has been studied comprehensively using light and electron microscopy (scanning and transmission). The culture procedure has been optimised such that minimal amounts of time and materials are required. The culture, although heteroploid, shows a high degree of homogeneity with minimal fibroblastic contamination. Total adhered protein, total DNA content, 3H-thymidine incorporation, ornithine decarboxylase activity, acid phosphatase activity, prolinase and malate dehydrogenase activity have been studied at various phases in the cultures growth cycle. An initial study using 3,3',4,4' tetrachlorobiphenyl indicated that acid phosphatase, prolinase and total protein may be the best parameters for studying toxic insult in these cells, together with morphological examination by electron microscopy and light microscopy using acridine orange as a stain. Subsequently, comparisons of the 3,3',4,4' and 2,2,4,4' tetrachlorobiphenyl isomers, benzo(a)pyrene and 20-methylcholanthrene were made. Acid phosphatase and prolinase appeared to be useful markers of the toxic effects of these compounds showing alterations consistent with some in vivo findings. These changes were observed at concentrations of the compounds that did not produce significant cytotoxicity. Morphological examination showed changes with some similarities to some carcinomas in vivo. The effects of these compounds on keratin production within the cells has also been undertaken. A comparison has also been made of the relative toxicities of several compounds in the keratinocyte culture and in the human embryonic lung fibroblast line (BCL-Dl); the keratinocyte system appeared to be more sensitive to irritant compounds. Studies of the metabolic capabilities of the culture using benzo(a)pyrene as substrate have also been undertaken. Although the capacity of these cells to metabolise foreign compounds was low, they show hydroxylation, glucuronidation and sulphation activity. In longer term tests (14-21 day), the system shows enhanced sensitivity, the point of commitment of the culture (ie., differentiation and stratification) being a critical time. The methods used showed good reproducibility and were easily performed. The system may, therefore, provide a useful sensitive screening test for detection of compounds affecting differentiation (e. g irritants and carcinogens).
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Sargent, Carolyn Yeago. "Effects of hydrodynamic culture on embryonic stem cell differentiation: cardiogenic modulation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34710.
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Stem and progenitor cells are an attractive cell source for the treatment of degenerative diseases due to their potential to differentiate into multiple cell types and provide large cell yields. Thus far, however, clinical applications have been limited due to inefficient differentiation into desired cell types with sufficient yields for adequate tissue repair and regeneration. The ability to spontaneously aggregate in suspension makes embryonic stem cells (ESCs) amenable to large-scale culture techniques for the production of large yields of differentiating cell spheroids (termed embryoid bodies or EBs); however, the introduction of hydrodynamic conditions may alter differentiation profiles within EBs and should be methodically examined. The work presented here employs a novel, laboratory-scale hydrodynamic culture model to systematically interrogate the effects of ESC culture hydrodynamics on cardiomyocyte differentiation through the modulation of a developmentally-relevant signaling pathway. The fluidic environment was defined using computational fluid dynamic modeling, and the effects of hydrodynamic conditions on EB formation, morphology and structure were assessed. Additionally, EB differentiation was examined through gene and protein expression, and indicated that hydrodynamic conditions modulate differentiation patterns, particularly cardiogenic lineage development. This work illustrates that mixing conditions can modulate common signaling pathways active in ESC differentiation and suggests that differentiation may be regulated via bioprocessing parameters and bioreactor design.
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Jones, Erin Boote. "Effects of substrate and co-culture on neural progenitor cell differentiation." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Capra, J. (Janne). "Differentiation and malignant transformation of epithelial cells:3D cell culture models." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526218236.
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Abstract The epithelial cells form barriers that compartmentalize the organs. Carcinomas are cancers stemming from epithelial cells and are the most common cancer type. The aim of this study was to understand the differentiation and malignant transformation of epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and to analyse the electrophysiological parameters which regulate their transport capacity. Emphasis was placed on comparing different culture environments, both in 2D and 3D. First, the effects of drugs or basal extracellular fluid composition on MDCK cell, cyst and lumen volumes were analysed using time-lapse microscopy. The results showed that MDCK cells were capable of both water secretion and reabsorption. The cells were able to perform these functions in a hyperpolarizing or depolarizing environment; change in osmolality of basal fluid was not required. Taken together, these results validate MDCK cells as a good basic model for studying kidney function. Next, the aim was to analyse the effect of 2D and 3D culture environments on the gene expression of untransformed MDCK and temperature sensitive ts-Src -transformed MDCK cells and the changes a single oncogene can induce. Microarray analysis revealed a decrease in the expression of survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, when switching the untransformed cells from 2D environment to 3D. This downregulation of survivin occurs in adult tissues as well, indicating that the cells grown in 3D are closer to the in vivo state than 2D cells. Src oncogene induced disintegration of cell junctions, but did not downregulate E-cadherin expression. The last part was to study further the factors controlling survivin expression and its significance to cell survival. MDCK cells grown in 3D did not suffer apoptosis if the cells remained in contact with the extracellular matrix. If MDCK cells were denied of ECM contacts they were more susceptible to apoptosis than survivin-expressing ts-Src MDCK cells. Finally, if cells were denied of cell-cell junctions, cells lacking survivin suffered apoptosis even though they had proper cell-matrix contacts. Taken together, these results highlighted the importance of cellular contacts to the cells: MDCK cells needed ECM contacts to differentiate and cell-cell contacts to avoid apoptosisTiivistelmä Epiteelisolut ovat erikoistuneet toimimaan rajapintana elimen ja ympäristön välillä. Ihmisten yleisin syöpä on epiteelisoluista alkunsa saanut karsinooma. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli ymmärtää Madin-Darby-koiran munuaisen solujen (MDCK) erilaistumista ja pahanlaatuistumista sekä analysoida sähköfysiologisia tekijöitä, jotka säätelevät näiden solujen kuljetustoimintaa. Erityisenä kiinnostuksen kohteena oli erilaisten kasvuympäristöjen vertailu. Farmakologisten aineiden tai basaalisen, solunulkopuolisen nesteen koostumuksen vaikutusta MDCK-solujen, -kystan sekä luumenin kokoon tutkittiin valomikroskooppisten aikasarjojen avulla. Tulokset osoittivat MDCK-solujen olevan kykeneviä sekä veden eritykseen että absorptioon, niin hyperpolarisoivassa kuin depolarisoivassakin ympäristössä. Basaalisen nesteen osmolaliteetin muutosta ei tarvittu. Nämä tulokset osoittavat MDCK-solujen olevan hyvä munuaisen tutkimuksen perusmalli. Seuraavaksi analysoitiin kaksi- ja kolmiulotteisten (2D ja 3D) viljely-ympäristöjen vaikutusta ei-transformoitujen MDCK-solujen ja lämpötilaherkkien ts-Src-transformoitujen MDCK-solujen geenien ilmentymiseen sekä yhden onkogeenin aktivoimisen aikaansaamia muutoksia. Microarray-analyysi osoitti apoptoosin estäjän, surviviinin, ilmentymisen vähenemisen, kun kasvuympäristö vaihdettiin 2D-ympäristöstä 3D-ympäristöön. Koska surviviinin väheneminen on normaali tapahtuma aikuisissa kudoksissa, voitiin todeta, että 3D-ympäristössä kasvatetut solut ovat lähempänä luonnonmukaista olotilaa kuin 2D-ympäristössä kasvaneet. Src-onkogeeni sai aikaan soluliitosten hajoamisen, mutta ei vähentänyt E-kadheriinin ilmentymistä. Tutkimuksen viimeinen osa keskittyi surviviinin ilmentymistä säätelevien tekijöiden analysoimiseen ja surviviinin merkitykseen solujen eloonjäämiselle. 3D-ympäristössä kasvaneet MDCK-solut eivät kärsineet apoptoosista edellyttäen, että solut pysyivät kosketuksissa soluväliaineeseen. Jos solut irtautuivat soluväliaineesta, ne päätyivät herkemmin apoptoosiin kuin surviviinia ilmentävät ts-Src MDCK-solut. Mikäli solujen väliset liitokset pakotettiin avautumaan, solut joutuivat apoptoosiin, vaikka ne olivat kosketuksissa soluväliaineeseen. Yhteenvetona nämä tulokset korostavat solujen kontaktien merkitystä: MDCK-solut tarvitsevat soluväliainekontakteja erilaistumiseen ja solujen välisiä kontakteja välttyäkseen apoptoosilta
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Chen, Jim-Ray. "Hepatocytic differentiation of normal but not neoplastic cultured rat pancreatic duct cells." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28996.
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This thesis represents an effort to examine certain aspects of the differentiation potential of normal and neoplastic (spontaneously- and chemically-transformed) cultured rat pancreatic ductal cells under the influence of two microenvironments.The technique of in vivo implantation of cells to subcutaneous and intraperitoneal sites is used as it not only reveals the intrinsic potential of the implanted cells but also reflects the effects of the microenvironment on phenotypic expression.
The results of these studies indicate that when implanted in vivo normal propagable cultured cells derived from the duct epithelium of adult rat pancreas develop phenotypic features of a hepatocyte, and that the extent of this phenotypic expression is influenced by the microenvironment in which these cells are implanted. When localized subcutaneously, the cells displayed partial differentiation toward hepatocytes but retained some of their ductal phenotype. In contrast, when the same cells were implanted intraperitoneally, they expressed the full phenotypic properties of mature hepatocytes. Both spontaneously- and chemically-transformed pancreatic ductal cell lines did not display phenotypic differentiation along the hepatocytic lineage after in vivo implantation. It is concluded that (1) pancreatic ductal cells can be the progenitor cell for pancreatic hepatocytes; (2) Neoplastic transformation of these cell lines results in partial or total loss of hepatoctyic differentiation.
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Eccles, Bree A. "Effect of Cannabinoids on Osteogenic Differentiation of Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/392.
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Vascular calcification is strongly correlated with the clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis, heart attacks and strokes. The calcification process resembles bone formation and involves the osteogenic trans-differentiation of smooth muscles cells within the arterial wall. Cannabinoid receptors are known to modulate bone formation and are present in atherosclerotic vessels, suggesting they may also play a role in modulating calcification. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of cannabinoids on the expression of osteogenic proteins by vascular smooth muscle cells undergoing calcification.
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Chesley, Colin G. "Merging Cultures: Organizational Behavior, Leadership, and Differentiation in a Health System Merger." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3271.
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Health system mergers and acquisitions (M&As) have increased exponentially in recent years as a result of the Affordable Care Act (Brown, Werling, Walker, Burgdorfer & Shields, 2012). M&As are consummated as a way to control for interdependencies within the market, control costs and leverage debt, and negotiate better rates among health insurers (Bolman & Deal, 2013; Cooper & Finkelstein, 2010; Mirc, 2013). Regardless of the impetus for a merger, the largest predictor of the success or failure of a M&A lies within the organizational culture (Brown, et al., 2012; Cooper & Finkelstein, 2010; Kastor, 2010; Ovseiko, Melham, Fowler & Buchan, 2015). The purpose of this research was to assess the organizational culture of two competing health organizations prior to a planned merger and understand whether there were significant differences in pre-merger culture compared to a post-merger preferred organizational culture using the Competing Values Framework (CVF). The population included all employees of both health systems with the survey respondent sample stratified by the following employee types: (Tier 1), entry-level employee; (Tier 2), supervisory level, and, (Tier 3), executive level. Statistical procedures included independent t tests, one-way and two-way analyses of variance.
Findings indicated a statistically significant difference existed between the current cultures of the health systems prior to the merger; however, both systems sets of employees preferred a post-merger organizational culture that was not statistically different from each other. Further, there were significant differences in the cultural perceptions of Tier 1 employees and Tier 2 employees and no significant differences between Tier 3 employee perceptions of culture as compared to Tier 1 or Tier 2.
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Liu, Ning. "Expansion and Neural Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells in Three-Dimensional Cultures." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1262281522.
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Rotti, Pavana Gururaj. "3D differentiation enhances the efficiency of differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells to insulin producing cells." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2266.
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Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder in which the pancreatic β-cells are destroyed by the body's immune system. The reduced number of β-cells leads to inadequate insulin secretion and high glucose levels in the body. The requirement of insulin injection throughout life and lack of donors for islet transplantations has prompted a search for more accessible and available sources of insulin producing cells that can be transplanted in T1D patients. To that end, the discovery of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has provided a potential source of precursors for cell therapy for T1D. iPS cells are reprogrammed somatic cells which can be transplanted back into the patient from whom the somatic cells were initially derived, thus potentially avoiding immune rejection when transplanted. As a potential therapy for T1D, we aim to derive insulin producing cells (IPCs) from human iPS cells. In contrast to the conventional two dimensional (2D) cell culture systems used in many iPS derived IPC studies, the inner cell mass (ICM) from which various organs differentiate during embryogenesis is a cluster of cells that enables signaling crosstalk between cells of different types. Three dimensional (3D) cell culture systems allows cells to form cell clusters that promote cell - cell signaling. Hence, we hypothesized that 3D cell culture systems will yield better efficiency of differentiation to functional IPCs in vitro than 2D cultures.
Initially, the synthetic polymers sodium alginate and matrigel were analyzed for their ability to enable cell clustering to establish 3D cell culture systems. The 3D cell environment established using matrigel was used for the differentiation of human iPS cells to Insulin Producing Cells (IPC). The cells were first converted to endodermal cells. A mixture of growth factors then induced the differentiation of endodermal cells to pancreatic cells. The pancreatic cells were converted to IPCs that resemble pancreatic β-cells. Our 3D differentiated IPCs strongly expressed pancreatic endocrine transcription factors and pancreatic hormones. The IPCs also produced insulin when exposed to a high glucose environment. But the number of IPCs obtained at the end of the differentiation was low.
Hence, our results demonstrate that 3D differentiation generates functional IPCs in vitro unlike 2D differentiation. In the future we aim to improve the percentage of IPCs that we generate from the 3D differentiation. Our expectation is that these cells will be able to cure hyperglycemia in diabetic mice more rapidly compared to the 2D differentiated cells owing to their proven insulin production in the presence of a high glucose environment in vitro.
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Barber, M. C. "Studies on the growth and differentiation of the mammary gland in culture." Thesis, University of Reading, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380923.
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Khayat, Ghazaleh. "Low frequency stimulation of stem cells in dynamic culture modulates differentiation pathways." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119594.
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Living cells, depending on their physiological functions, are subjected to a variety of mechanical stimulation. The magnitude and frequency of such mechanical stimulation varies dramatically in different organs. Oscillatory mechanical stimulation at relatively high frequancies, as occurs in walking, respiration and circulation, is one of the most extensively studied schemes. However, the stimulation at extremely low frequencies is rarely examined. This research investigates the effects of relatively low frequency mechanical stimulation in molecular scale, on different cell types. Throughout the work presented in this document, the emphasis was on the stem cells differentiation, and primary cells dedifferentiation. The results suggested that performing extremely slow activities, namely low frequency movements, significantly affects the differentiation pathways of stem cells. In addition, it was found that slow movement of surface culture area enhances phenotypical characteristics of primary cells.Toutes les cellules vivantes, selon leur fonctions physiologiques, sont soumises à différentes stimulations mécaniques. L'ampleur et la fréquence de ces stimulations mécaniques varies considérablement d'un organe à un autre. Les stimulations oscillantes dues notamment à la marche, la respiration et la circulation sanguine sont largement étudiées. Par contre, les travaux concernant les stimulations a très faibles fréquences sont rare. Cette recherche examine les effets sur différents types de molécules, des stimulations mécaniques à relativement basse fréquence, à l'échelle moléculaire. Tout au long du travail présenté ici, l'accent a été mis sur la différenciation des cellules souches et la dedifférenciation des cellules primaires. Les résultats suggèrent que la pratique d'activités extrêmement lentes, à savoir les mouvements à basse fréquence, affectent, de manière significative, le mécanisme de différentiation des cellules souches. En outre, il a été constaté que les mouvements lents à la surface des cultures améliorent les caractéristiques phénotypiques des cellules primaires.
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Wataya, Takafumi. "Minimization of Exogenous Signals in ES Cell Culture Induces Rostral Hypothalamic Differentiation." Kyoto University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/124243.
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Yarwood, Stephen J. "The cyclic amp signalling system as a regulator of preadipocyte differentiation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362948.
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Wetten, Andrew C. "The influence of light regime on growth and differentiation of cultured tomato explants." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315398.
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Growth of cultured tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) leaf explants was assessed in response to quantitative variation in the light regime. Exposure to a range of photon flux densities (PFD) resulted in distinct PFD optima for callus, shoot and root initiation. Incubation of explants under a range of temperatures also resulted in a wide range of growth responses both in terms of tissue type and dry matter production. It was observed that manipulation of PFD by varying the separation between culture and light source was accompanied by a non-uniform temperature regime between PFD treatments. Therefore irradiance-dependent growth responses cannot be accurately interpreted with this arrangement unless additional compensatory heating is employed to maintain a uniform temperature regime throughout PFD treatments. Culture of explants on media shielded from illumination resulted in a distinct organogenesis response from explants exposed to full illumination when the media contained indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). A comparison of the morphogenic response to PFD with that produced under a matrix of exogenous auxin and cytokinin concentration combinations indicated that morphogenesis may be influenced by PFD-dependent depletion of IAA. A high performance liquid chromatography study of auxin depletion from basal medium showed that IAA was rapidly removed when illuminated and that the rate of removal was proportional to the prevailing PFD and the concentration of basal salts. The inclusion of the photosynthetic inhibitors 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)I,I-dimethylurea and 3-amino-l,2,4-triazole in the basal medium resulted in inhibition of explant growth and elimination of the sequential change in the culture vessel headspace CO2 concentration apparent during the light/dark cycle in noninhibited controls. This indicates that in vitro photosynthesis made a significant contribution to PFD-dependent explant growth. While culture of explants under a range of photoperiods of uniform PFD produced a range of growth responses, a uniform growth response occurred when explants were exposed to 16 hour and 24 hour photoperiods of uniform photon dose achieved through PFD variation. This demonstrates that growth was enhanced as a function of the increase in total incident radiation rather than through an effect of the photoperiod per se. Dark or low PFD incubation of explants for the first 4 days of culture significantly enhanced growth as a result of reduced photodestruction of IAA during a period of optimal tissue sensitivity to exogenous auxin.
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Millman, Jeffrey Robert. "Effects of low oxygen culture on pluripotent stem cell differentiation and teratoma formation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65759.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-175).
Pluripotent stem cells (PSC) hold promise for the study of embryonic development and the treatment of many diseases. Most pluripotent cell research is performed in incubators with a gas-phase oxygen partial pressure (p02) of 142 mmHg. However, embryonic cells in early development are exposed to a local P02 of 0-30 mmHg, and the effects of such conditions on differentiating PSC are poorly understood. Residual PSC within differentiated populations are problematic because of their potential to form tumors in vivo. This is a major safety issue that must be overcome before PSC-based therapies can be used in the clinic. In this study, we differentiated mouse and human embryonic stem cells and mouse induced pluripotent stem cells at different defined P02 on highly oxygen-permeable silicone rubber culture dishes and assessed differentiation to the three germ layers, endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm and to cardiomyocytes and assessed residual PSC within differentiated populations. Low P02 drastically affects differentiation of PSC to the three germ layers and cardiomyocytes. Overall, differentiation was higher to endoderm, lower to ectoderm, and higher or the same to mesoderm. Differentiation to cardiomyocytes was greatly enhanced without the need for purification, possibly by lineage selection via increased Mesp1 and Mesp2 expression. Understanding the effects of P02 during differentiation is an important step towards the development of protocols for regenerative medicine. Control of P02 to physiological levels typical of the developing embryo reduced the fraction of PSC within, and the tumorigenic potential of, differentiated populations. Culture under differentiating conditions at low PO2 reduced measured pluripotency markers by up to four orders of magnitude. Upon implantation into immunocompromised mice, low PO2-differentiated PSC either did not form tumors or formed tumors at a slower rate than high PO2 PSC. Low PO2 differentiation could be combined with cell sorting for improved benefits. Low PO2 culture alone or in combination with other methods is a potentially straightforward method that could be applied to future cell therapy protocols to minimize the possibility of tumor formation.
by Jeffrey Robert Millman.
Ph.D.
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Krassowska, Anna Katharina. "Haematopoietic differentiation of embryonic stem cells by aorta-gonad-mesonephros region co-culture." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29206.
Full textAbstract:
Long term repopulating HSC activity has been found to increase within AGM region explant cultures indicating that elements of the supporting microenvironment for definitive HSC expansion can be captured in vitro. In this study an explant culture system was developed to examine the inductive properties of the AGM region on differentiating ES cells. A highly significant increase in the number of primate haematopoietic progenitors, as measured by in vitro colony assays, was observed after co-culture of ES cells with the AGM region from a 10.5 day embryo. However, engraftment in vivo of ES-derived progenitors after transplantation was not achieved. The effect of three stromal cell lines derived from the AGM region and foetal liver on the differentiation of ES cells in co-culture was also examined. Although the cell lines were similar to each other in terms of the expression of surface markers, they exhibited diverse effects on the differentiation of ES cells. Preliminary data also suggest that the AGM region-derived factor(s) responsible for the increase in haematopoietic differentiation of ES cells is dependent on direct cell-cell contact. The AGM region culture system was also used as a novel investigative tool in the analysis of a putative haematopoietic phenotype in a mouse mutant deficient in the murine homologue of the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, Ubc7, generated previously by a gene-trapping technique. The numbers of haematopoietic progenitors in AGM regions from wildtype, heterozygous and homozygous embryos after culture were compared, but in this case no measurable haematopoietic defect was observed.
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Khetani, Salman R. "Micropatterned co-cultures of hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells mechanisms of differentiation, dynamics and applications /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3204579.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Apr. 4, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 242-264).
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Zandstra, Peter William. "Cytokine-dependent regulation of human hematopoietic cell self-renewal and differentiation in suspension cultures." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25194.pdf.
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Ito, Akira. "Culture temperature affects redifferentiation and cartilaginous extracellular matrix formation in dedifferentiated human chondrocytes." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199220.
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Cho, Hsin-Hua. "Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into pancreatic progenitors using chemically defined culture systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608076.
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Soh, Boon Seng. "Optimization of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Culture and their Differentiation towards the Lung Lineage." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516176.
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Shann, Linzi H. "Protein kinase Cα and the regulation of ovine articular chondrocyte differentiation/dedifferentiation in culture." Thesis, University of York, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273904.
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Hashimura, Yasunori 1980. "Fundamental differentiation and growth characterization of murine embryonic stem cells in varied culture conditions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28529.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Biological Engineering Division, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-83).
Although embryonic stem (ES) cells and their pluripotent capability have been elucidated for decades, little study has been done on obtaining the pluripotency profile of ES cells in the incipient stages of differentiation. In this research, an ES cell line with transfected green fluorescent protein (GFP) co-expressed by an Oct-4 promoter was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) to obtain such profile. As Oct-4 is an ES cell differentiation marker whose expression varies with pluripotency, GFP expression could simply be measured in these cells to determine how pluripotent they are as a population. The differentiation characterization of ES cells was also conducted with different culture conditions of reduced serum and glucose concentrations both in the presence and absence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) which prevents spontaneous differentiation, as well as at varied LIF concentrations and seeding densities. In addition, fundamental growth kinetic and metabolic profiles were obtained to get a more complete picture of how ES cells behave under these varied culturing conditions. The doubling time (t[sub]d) of R1 Oct4-GFP cell line was found to be 13 hours in LIF⁺ culture and 8 hours in culture with LIF addition after 7 days of LIF withdrawal, implying that cell proliferation rate is higher for cells receiving a sudden upregulation of genes controlling cell division through LIF addition. Although the upregulation of the genes is rapid, the downregulation of these genes through LIF withdrawal was found to take 6-7 days, while 3-4 days were required to downregulate the pou5f gene (which controls Oct4 expression). Higher concentration of LIF resulted in higher ES cell proliferation rate, but GFP⁺ expression was unaffected by
(cont.) concentration. Higher seeding density resulted in greater improvement in GFP⁺ expression for LIF⁺ culture but lower non significant reduction in GFP⁺ expression in LIF⁻ culture. Low level of glucose in medium led to reduction in the rate of ES cellular mechanisms and lower Y[sub]lac/gluc (8-49 % versus 40-60 % in high glucose), but metabolic rates were consistent with cells grown in high glucose medium, implying more efficient glucose metabolism through oxidative phosphorylation. The level of serum in medium had no effect on GFP⁺ expression or cell proliferation rate in LIF⁺ cultures, but reduction in GFP⁺ expression level was higher and t[sub]d was longer in low-serum culture (71 [plus-minus] 33 hours versus 35 [plus-minus] 9 hours) in the absence of LIF.
by Yasunori Hashimura.
M.Eng.
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Shi, Xinglong. "DIFFERENTIATION OF NEURAL STEM CELL USING SMALL MOLECULES IN 2D AND 3D CULTURE SYSTEM." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/363660.
Full textAbstract:
BioengineeringM.S.
The neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) has received much attention due to its potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (i.e., Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases). In this regard, discovering compounds that direct differentiation of NSCs is highly required to facilitate therapeutic applications. In this study, we examined various bioactive compounds (SA1, SA2, LiCl, compound B, and DHED) to induce the neuronal differentiation of human neural stem cells (hNSCs). The study was conducted on the cells grown in three dimensional (3D) hydrogel or two dimensional (2D) environment since 3D hydrogel mimics the extracellular matrix and provides physiologically more relevant environment than 2D cell culture system. Three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel systems in this study involve polysaccharides such as alginate and hyaluronic acid. Neuronal differentiation of hNSCs was monitored in genetic level and protein level by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunocytochemistry (ICC), respectively. This study will show the effect of bioactive compounds on hNSCs differentiation in 2D and 3D culture systems.
Temple University--Theses
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Takeuchi, Hiroki. "Endodermal differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to insulin-producing cells in 3D culture." Kyoto University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/189668.
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Hooper, William Craig. "The characteristics of the in vivo and in vitro response of hairy cell leukemia to inducers of differentiation /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487260531955703.
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Miwa, Keiko, Jong-Kook Lee, Kyoko Hidaka, Rong-qian Shi, Gen Itoh, Takayuki Morisaki, and Itsuo Kodama. "Paracrine Factors from Cultured Cardiac Cells Promote Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Cardiac Myocytes." Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7580.
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Osborn, Kay Elizabeth. "Radiation effects on human keratinocyte cultures in relation to growth factors, differentiation and stem cells." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429519.
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Schinzel, Robert [Verfasser]. "The culture and differentiation of human pluripotent cells into brown and white adipocytes / Robert Schinzel." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2012. http://d-nb.info/103029092X/34.
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