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Haddad, Ola. "Soilless Cultivation of Edible Plants for Phytoremediation." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-185047.
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Food security and eutrophication are two issues proven to have severe impacts on both humanity and the environment. This study suggests improving the local food security by utilizing phosphorus and nitrogen, available in severe eutrophic small lakes, in local food production, thus turning eutrophication from a problem into a resource. The study theoretically experiments the possibility of using eutrophic water in a greenhouse, where hydroponics is used as a cultivation method. The eutrophic water is pumped from the lake into the greenhouse, and then to the hydroponic system, which is expected to remediate the water, returning clean water to the lake. The objective of this process is to phytoremediate eutrophic water and simultaneously, produce edible commercial plants. Finding the best matching lake and plant nitrogen to phosphorus (N:P) ratio, is of key importance to optimize the remediation process. Based on data from a literature review, edible plants N:P ratios are found lower than typical lake N:P ratios, suggesting that, in some cases, edible plants in the hydroponic system would require additional nutrients to grow optimally. Finding the best matching lake and plant N:P ratio is thought to optimize the remediation process. Matching the lake and plant N:P ratio was conducted in Python.
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Alamino, Douglas Alvarez. "Características agronômicas de fisalis (Physalis pubescens L.) produzida por diferentes métodos e substratos e aspectos anatômicos e fitoquímicos." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2011. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/234.
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CNPQPhysalis pubescens L., ou camapu, é uma planta herbácea, cujos frutos são comestíveis e folhas, caules e raízes utilizados na medicina tradicional, contra diversas enfermidades. Como os estudos referentes a esta espécie são escassos o presente trabalho teve como objetivos: 1) avaliar os aspectos agronômicos de plantas cultivadas por diferentes métodos e substratos, 2) descrever anatomicamente as principais estruturas da plantas e 3) detectar a presença de compostos de interesse do metabolismo secundário. Para tanto, no primeiro ensaio foram avaliadas plantas produzidas a partir de sementes e estacas herbáceas. Como substratos foram utilizados: (SA) Solo + areia; (SV) Solo + vermiculita; (SP) Solo + Plantmax; (SAV); Solo + areia + vermiculita e (S) Solo. Foram avaliados os comprimentos da parte aérea e da maior raiz; área foliar; massas fresca e seca das folhas, caules e raízes; e volume radicular. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em um esquema fatorial de 2x5, com 10 repetições por tratamento. No segundo ensaio, folhas, caules e flores foram submetidos a cortes paradérmicos e transversais, fixados em FAA 70%, armazenados em etanol a 70% e posteriormente, analisados por microscopia ótica e eletrônica de varredura. No terceiro ensaio, folhas oriundas de plantas cultivadas em vasos mantidos em casa de vegetação foram secas, moídas e extraídas com hexano. O resíduo seco hexânico foi aplicado em coluna cromatográfica, tendo como solventes de partição diclorometano, acetato de etila, metanol e água destilada. As frações foram submetidas à cromatografia em camada delgada (TLC) e ressonância magnética de prótons (RMN 1H). O extrato bruto foi submetido à cromatografia a gás acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG/EM). Para o primeiro ensaio observou-se interação significativa entre os fatores substrato e método de propagação somente para massa fresca e seca dos caules, com destaque para o método estaquia e os substratos S, SA, SP. Para as demais variáveis não foram constatadas diferenças significativas. Em relação aos aspectos anatômicos constatou-se que P. pubescens apresenta lâmina foliar hipoestomática, mesófilo com a presença de drusas; idioblastos de areia cristalina dispersos aleatoriamente pelo pecíolo, e tricomas glandulares e eglandulares ao longo de toda a lâmina foliar, caule, pecíolo e pétalas. O estudo fitoquímico por CG/EM revelou a possível presença do alcalóide epistefamiersina (86% de probabilidade); também foram observados as presenças de cumarinas, fisalinas, óleo essencial, saponinas, triterpenóides e taninos por TLC, além de triterpenos e compostos aromáticos de baixa intensidade por RMN 1H. Diante destes resultados, conclui-se que P. pubescens possui características anatômicas que auxiliam a diferenciá-la das demais espécies do gênero, e que a mesma sintetiza uma grande variedade de metabólitos secundários, com a estaquia sendo o melhor método de propagação, independente do tipo de substrato.
Physalis pubescens L., or Winter Cherry, is a herbaceous plant, whose fruits are edible and the leaves, stems and roots used in traditional medicine against various diseases. As the studies for this species are scarce this study aimed to 1) assess the agronomic features of crops grown by different methods and substrates, 2) describe the main anatomical structures of plants and 3) the presence of compounds of interest secondary metabolism. For this, the first trials were evaluated plants grown from seed and cuttings. The substrates were used: (SA) Soil + sand; (SV) Soil + vermiculite, (SP) Soil + Plantmax; (SAV) Soil + sand + vermiculite and (S) Soil. We evaluated the length of shoot and main root, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaves, stems and roots and root volume. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme 2x5, with 10 replicates per treatment. In the second trial leaves, stems and flowers were sectioned transverse paradermic and fixed in FAA 70%, stored in 70% ethanol and subsequently analyzed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In the third essay leaves from plants grown in pots in a greenhouse, were dried and extracted with hexane. The hexanic dry residue was applied to the extraction chromatographic column, and as solvents for the partition dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water. The fractions were subjected to thin layer chromatography (TLC) and proton magnetic resonance (NMR 1H). The crude extract was subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC / MS). For the first test there was significant interaction between the factors substrate and method of propagation only for fresh and dry weight of stems, especially the cutting method and the substrate S, SA, SP. For the other variables were not significantly different. Regarding the anatomy it was found that P. pubescens leaf presents hypostomatic mesophyll with the presence of drusen, crystalline sand idioblasts scattered randomly around the petiole, and glandular and eglandular throughout the leaf, stem, petiole and flower petals. Phytochemical study by GC / MS revealed the possible presence of alkali epistephamiersine (86% probability) were also observed the presence of coumarins, physalins, essential oil, saponins, triterpenoids and tannins by TLC, and triterpenes and aromatic compounds of low NMR 1H intensity. Given these results it is concluded that P.pubescens has anatomical features that help differentiate it from other species of the genus, and that it synthetizes a wide variety of secondary metabolites also that the cutting is the best method of propagation, independent of substrate type.
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Sanvido, Olivier David. "Conceptual approaches to manage the cultivation of genetically modified plants /." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17546.
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Rahutomo, Suroso. "The response of allocasuarina littoralis, hakea florulenta and hakea actities to organic phosphorus /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18867.pdf.
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McGinley, Susan. "Retractable Roof Greenhouse Cultivation Offers Flexibility: Plants Thrive Under Moveable Shade." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622206.
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Bertoni, Daniel Robert. "The Cultivation and Conceptualization of Exotic Plants in the Greek and Roman Worlds." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11448.
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This dissertation is an investigation into how plants provide a way to explore cultural interactions between Greece and Rome and the east. I use India, a region that remained consistently exotic to most Greeks and Romans throughout antiquity, as a test case to examine how eastern plants were received and integrated into Greek and Roman culture. Throughout I use my test case as a focus and as an object of comparison: India is a constant reminder of what was conceptualized as exotic. My methodology is primarily "plants in text," an approach that incorporates both the physical reality of plants for sale at the market as well as the imagined flora that grows at the end of the earth. The results of this inquiry show the value of investigating the cultural importance of plants and the mental constructs that surround them in the ancient Greek and Roman worlds.The Classics
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Crossley, Mark Norman. "The effects of water flow, pH and nutrition on the growth of the native aquatic plant, Aponogeton elongatus /." [St. Lucia, Qld. : s.n.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17481.pdf.
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Morujo, Nuno Filipe Claro. "Caracterização dos produtores de plantas aromáticas e medicinais em modo de produção biológico em Portugal." Master's thesis, ISA, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6574.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Economia Agrária e Gestão do Território - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThis paper concerns a study on the production of aromatic and medicinal plants (MAP) in Portugal. These species have always been considered as interesting in cultural, social, culinary and medicinal but only recently acquired an economic interest. Global growth of organic farming and market demand in this direction led to the production of specific interest in MAP organic production (MPB). In the particular case of Portugal, are known two ways to get these plants: cultivation and spontaneous gathering. These two types of production associated with the soil and climate of the country makes it a potential producer of these species, although even today the import of plants from abroad, often of dubious quality, still the main supplier of these species to the market. In an attempt to make the sector stronger and more competitive we believe it important to make a first analysis, more profound, about the characteristics of the producers of PAM on MPB in terms of culture: knowing who they are, where they are, what they produce, how to produce and where they sell. Being aware that the features of the islands are very specific, this study has focused on producers identified in Portugal. In an attempt to make the sector stronger and more competitive we believe it is important to make a first analysis, more profound, about the characteristics of the producers of PAM on MPB in terms of culture: knowing who they are, where they are, what they produce, how they produce and where they sell. Being aware that the features of the islands are very specific, this study has focused on producers identified in mainland Portugal.
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Rohloff, Jens. "Cultivation of Herbs and Medicinal Plants in Norway - Essential Oil Production and Quality Control." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-415.
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Essential oils (EO) are plant secondary metabolites that are known for their fragrance and food flavour properties. They consist of a complex mixture of mono- and sesquiterpenes, phenyl propanoids and oxygenated compounds. EOs can be present in different plant organs and materials, and their storage is related to specialised secretory structures. The yield of EOs from plant raw materials by distillation or pressing may on average vary from 0.1 – 1%, thus restricting the major EO production to the plant group of aromatic plants. Due to their function as signalling compounds between different types of organisms and diverse biological systems, their general antimicrobial and antioxidative effects and medicinal activity, EOs offer a promising potential for future applications within the fields of agriculture, medicine, pharmaceutical industry and biotechnology.
Changed consumer demands and raised interest in natural product compounds, especially essential oils, have formed the basis for initiating the research project “Norwegian Herb Production (Norsk Urteproduksjon NUP)” to encourage the cultivation, processing, marketing and distribution of aromatic and medicinal plants. The production, composition and quality characteristics of EOs (yield and terpene composition) from chamomile, lemon balm, oregano, peppermint, sachalinmint, thyme and yarrow have been investigated in the project period between 1994-1998.
Much focus has been put on the application of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the analysis of EO volatiles from various aromatic and medicinal plants. SPME is a fast, solvent-free and non- destructive sample preparation technique where the analytes are extracted from fluid or solid matrices by headspace (HS) or direct immersion sampling (DI). Apart from EO isolation by common distillation, the applicability and sensitivity of the SPME fibre has made it feasible to carry out qualitative and semi-quantitative HS analyses of aromatic plants with regard to changes of EO metabolism during ontogenesis and plant development.
Based on NUP-results from field trials in the period between 1995-1996, the mint species peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.) and sachalinmint (Mentha sachalinensis (Briq.) Kudô) have been studied in detail (Papers B, D and E). Comparative analyses by applying distillation sampling and SPME have been carried out in order to study the advantages and disadvantages of both techniques (Papers B and E). It could be shown, that SPME offers a fast and reliable method for detecting quality-impact compounds from the p-menthane group (menthol, menthone, neomenthol, isomenthone and menthyl acetate). A distinct increase in the menthol/menthone ratio in the basipetal direction could be detected for peppermint and sachalinmint by applying SPME, thus revealing within-plant quality differences according to pharmacopeial requirements. Taking the increase of EO production from the vegetative to the generative growth stage into account, the harvest of mint plants in bloom will result in better EO yield and quality with regard to higher amounts of menthol.
When applying HS-SPME on complex EO volatile matrices such as known for yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.; Paper C), one might deal with fibre-partitioning effects of the different mono- and sesquiterpenes due to their physical and chemical properties. Despite these disadvantages, HS-SPME appears to be a sensitive extraction method for the screening of EO volatiles from complex sample matrices. Comparative analyses of volatiles from rose root rhizomes (Rhodiola rosea L.) have been carried out in order to characterize the rose-like odour compounds (Paper F). A total of 75 and 59 compounds have been identified by distillation sampling and HS-SPME, respectively, thus underscoring the excellent extraction properties and applicability of the SPME fibre.
Paper A gives a brief overview of EO biosynthesis and chemical structures, plant sources and methods of EO production. Before leading over to the main topic of HS-SPME applications by referring to numerous examples from the research work at The Plant Biocenter in the past 5 years, an introduction of solid-phase microextraction with regard to devices, procedures and extraction parameters is given.
The advantages and disadvantages of distillation vs. SPME are outlined on the background of comparative analyses of peppermint, chamomile, basil and dill. Furthermore, the utilization of HS-SPME for quantitative studies with regard to extraction time and analyte concentration is being highlighted. Examples for the screening of chemotypes (hops −Humulus lupulus L.) and cultivars (dill – Anethum graveolens L.) and ontogenetic studies are given (Mentha species; arnica −Arnica montana L.). Finally, the applicability of HS-SPME for the quality assessment of processed herbs (sweet basil −Ocimum basilicum L.) and phytomedicinal preparations (red coneflower – Echinacea purpurea L.) is being discussed.
The advantages of HS-SPME over classical distillation and headspace applications are impressive due to drastically reduced analysis time and will introduce new frontiers in plant volatile research with regard to secondary metabolism, plant-insect interactions and in vivo studies. The user-friendliness of operating SPME will initiate the development of future applications and equipment for the monitoring of volatiles for plant biological and environmental studies, extraction automation, on-site sampling and on-fibre storage of analytes.
Paper VI reprinted with kind permission of Elsevier, Sciencedirect, www.sciencedirect.com
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Gikaara, Daniel Maina. "Phosphorus nutrition of the Australian native flowering plants caustis blakei, sticherus flabellatus and chamelauchium uncinatum /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17488.pdf.
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Butcher, Joshua David. "A comparative study of oxygenation techniques in the hydroponic cultivation of Pelargonium Tomentosum." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2427.
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Thesis (MTech (Horticultural Science))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.This aim of this study was to investigate the viability of growing P. tomentosum in deep water culture (DWC) hydroponics and to assess the effects of various methods of oxygenating the nutrient solution with regards to growth, development and chlorophyll responses. The experiment was conducted over a period of 74 days. In chapter 3, 16 different methods of oxygenation were applied to 9 replicates. The control had passive aeration. The treatments were made up of air-pumps, vortex oxygenators and the application of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at various frequency intervals; these were combined with each other and run as separate oxygenation methods.
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Tonello, Kelly Cristina. "Comportamento ecofisiologico de clones de Eucalyptus." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256936.
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Orientador: Jose Teixeira FilhoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T15:44:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tonello_KellyCristina_D.pdf: 3209931 bytes, checksum: ad807b85c48d80b43bb9c5e89fb27160 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: O crescimento e o desenvolvimento dos vegetais é conseqüência de vários processos fisiológicos controlados pelas condições ambientais e características genéticas de cada espécie vegetal. Este estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar o comportamento ecofisiológico da transpiração (E) e condutância estomática (Gs) de dois clones de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla (C041 e P4295) sob diferentes condições de disponibilidade hídrica no solo e em função de variáveis ambientais como radiação global (Rg), radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (Qleaf) e déficit de pressão de vapor da atmosfera (DPV). As aferições foram realizadas ao longo do período de fevereiro de 2007 a agosto de 2008 em três escalas de estudo designadas como vaso, parcela e bacia hidrográfica. Medidas de potencial hídrico antemanhã (?pd) foram realizadas para o acompanhamento das disponibilidades hídricas no solo. Após o conhecimento do comportamento ecofisiológico dos clones em função das variáveis ambientais e ?pd, buscou-se relacionar as respostas obtidas na escala vaso com as escalas parcela e bacia hidrográfica por meio de modelos ecofisiológicos desenvolvidos para a mudança de escala ao nível de folha. De acordo com os resultados, as variáveis ecofisiológicas estiveram diretamente associadas às variáveis ambientais e ao ?pd tanto para o clone C041 quanto para o clone P4295. Foram observados entre os clones comportamentos ecofisiológicos distintos quando associados à Qleaf, DPV e ?pd. Os clones apresentaram-se diferentes na amplitude de resposta de E e Gs em função de Qleaf e DPV entre as escalas, porém, observou-se a mesma tendência de comportamento, com exceção da relação Gs x DPV para o clone C041, entre escala vaso e parcela/bacia hidrográfica. Os modelos propostos para a mudança de escala de folha para folha mostraram-se satisfatórios, principalmente nas relações envolvendo a radiação fotossinteticamente ativa. Contudo, não apresentaram bons resultados para a extrapolação das respostas ecofisiológicas de Gs em função do DPV
Abstract: The growth and development of plants is a consequence of several physiological processes controlled by environmental conditions and genetic characteristics of each plant species. This study aimed to characterize the ecophysiological behavior of transpiration (E) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of two clones of Eucalyptus grandis x urophylla (C041 and P4295) under different soil water conditions and according to environmental variables such as global radiation (Rg), photosynthetic active radiation (Qleaf) and a vapor pressure deficit of the atmosphere (VPD). The measurements were performed during the period February 2007 to August 2008 on three scales of study designated as a pot, plot and watershed. Predawn leaf water potential (?pd) measurements were performed to monitor water availability in the soil. After the knowledge of the ecophysiological behavior of the clones on the basis of environmental variables and ?pd, sought to link the responses obtained in the pots scale with pot and watershed through ecophysiological models developed for scaling up leaf from leaf. According to the results, the ecophysiological behavior were directly associated with environmental variables and the ?pd both to the C041 as for P4295. Were observed among different clones ecophysiological behavior when associated with Qleaf, VPD and ?pd. The clones were different in amplitude of E and Gs as function of Qleaf and VPD between the scales, however, showed the same pattern of behavior, except for Gs x VPD for clone C041 between pot and plot / watershed scale. The proposed models for the scaling up from leaf to leaf were satisfactory, especially in relationships involving the Qleaf. However, they not provided good results for the extrapolation of ecophysiological responses of Gs as a function of VPD
Doutorado
Agua e Solo
Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola
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Louw, Melissa. "The social practices of cultivation and gathering of medicinal plants in Ebenhaezer, Matzikama, Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5533.
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Magister Artium - MAThis study aims to investigate the extent to which the increasing demand for medicinal plant and the resulting pressure on local cultivators to meet the demand impact upon cultivation and gathering practices of such plants. The specific focus is on the social practices of cultivation and gathering of medicinal plants in Ebenhaezer, a small-scale peri-urban town in Matzikama in the Western Cape Province in South Africa. This study will utilize survey and in-depth interviews techniques complemented with a focus group discussion on observed cultivation and gathering practices.
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Baldoni, Micheli Bortoluzzi. "Genotoxicidade, atividade proliferativa e análise fitoquímica dos extratos aquosos e do óleo de Origanum majorana L." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2017. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/13241.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESMedicinal plants are culturally used by the Brazilian population in curing and treating diseases and the fact that Brazil is rich in biodiversity favors this practice. Among the medicinal plants used are the marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) belonging to the family Lamiaceae. This species is commonly used as aromatic, analgesic, antioxidant, antiseptic, digestive, expectorant and in cooking. The objective of the present work was to analyze the genotoxicity and proliferative activity of the aqueous extracts and the oil of the leaves of marjoram on the cell cycle of Allium cepa, besides to verify the phytochemical composition through Chromatography. The aqueous extracts were prepared from the marjoram leaves that were grown in different environments (field and greenhouse) and with two drying methods (natural shade and microwave oven). Fresh leaves were used to extract essential oil. The evaluation of genotoxicity and proliferative activity through the Allium cepa test were conducted in the laboratory through a completely randomized design with 13 groups of bulbs with 5 replicates. The treatments were composed of distilled water, glyphosate 2%, infusion of marjoram leaves with concentrations of 6 and 12 g L-1, essential oil diluted to 0.075% and ethyl alcohol. These treatments were divided in two methods of drying the leaves: at room temperature (natural) and in microwave oven, in order to compare the phytochemical composition of the aqueous extracts. For the genotoxic analysis and the proliferative capacity, slides were prepared by the technique of crushing the meristematic region and staining with acetic orcein 2%, allowing the observation of the different phases of the mitotic division during the cell cycle. The results obtained by the Allium cepa test demonstrate that treatments with marjoram infusions and oils have an antiproliferative and genotoxic effect. 0.075% marjoram oil has antiproliferative activity and genotoxic potential. Chromatographic analysis indicated that the major component of the essential oils of marjoram in both culture environments was Terpinene-4-ol, and the concentration of this component was higher in greenhouse cultivation, and in the aqueous extracts the major component was chlorogenic acid. When it were produced in the field there was the reduction of this component. The treatment interaction within each culture environment in relation to the mitotic index shows a difference between the concentrations in the field crop and not between the concentrations in the greenhouse cultivation. The treatment interaction within each drying method for the mitotic index at concentrations of 6 g.L-1 and 12 g.L-1 showed no differences.
As plantas medicinais são culturalmente utilizadas pela população brasileira na cura e no tratamento de doenças e essa prática é favorecida pelo fato do Brasil ser rico em biodiversidade favorece esta prática. Entre as plantas medicinais usadas tem-se a manjerona (Origanum majorana L.) pertencente à família Lamiaceae. Esta espécie é comumente utilizada como aromática, analgésica, antioxidante, antisséptica, digestiva, expectorante e na culinária. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos analisar a genotoxicidade e a atividade proliferativa dos extratos aquosos e do óleo das folhas de manjerona sobre o ciclo celular de Allium cepa L., além de verificar a composição fitoquímica através de cromatografia. Os extratos aquosos foram preparados a partir das folhas de manjerona que foram cultivadas em ambientes distintos (campo e estufa) e com dois métodos de secagem (natural à sombra e em forno micro-ondas). Para extração do óleo essencial foram utilizadas folhas frescas. A avaliação da genotoxicidade e atividade proliferativa através do teste de Allium cepa foram conduzidas em laboratório através do delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 13 grupos de bulbos em 5 repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de água destilada, glifosato 2%, infusão das folhas de manjerona com concentrações de 6 e 12 g L-1, óleo essencial diluído a 0,075% e álcool etílico. Esses tratamentos foram divididos tendo como base dois métodos de secagem de folhas: em temperatura ambiente (natural) à sombra e em forno micro-ondas, a fim da comparação da composição fitoquímica dos extratos aquosos. Para a análise genotóxica e da capacidade proliferativa foram preparadas lâminas pela técnica de esmagamento da região meristemática da raiz e coloração com orceína acética 2%, possibilitando a observação das diferentes fases da divisão mitótica durante o ciclo celular. Os resultados obtidos através do teste de Allium cepa demonstram que os tratamentos com as infusões e óleos de manjerona possuem efeito antiproliferativo e genotóxico. O óleo de manjerona 0,075% possui atividade antiproliferativa e potencial genotóxico. As análises cromatográficas indicaram que o componente majoritário dos óleos essenciais de manjerona em ambos os ambientes de cultivo foi Terpineno-4-ol, sendo que a concentração deste componente foi maior no cultivo em estufa, e nos extratos aquosos o componente majoritário foi o ácido clorogênico, com redução deste componente na produção em campo. A interação de tratamento dentro de cada ambiente de cultivo com relação ao índice mitótico mostra diferença entre as concentrações no cultivo em campo e não entre as concentrações no cultivo em estufa. A interação de tratamento dentro de cada método de secagem referente o índice mitótico nas concentrações de 6 g.L-1 e 12 g.L-1 não apresenta diferenças.
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Paulino, Janaina. "Crescimento e qualidade de mudas de Pinhão Manso (Jatropha curcas L.) produzidas em ambiente protegido." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11143/tde-24022010-094838/.
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Com a implantação do Plano Nacional de Produção de Biodiesel, surgiu o interesse na produção comercial de Pinhão Manso (Jatropha curcas L.), uma vez que essa oleaginosa apresenta características favoráveis para a produção do biodiesel. Informações sobre essa cultura ainda são escassas, principalmente no Brasil onde a pouco tempo iniciaram-se as pesquisas. A necessidade de informações locais também ressalta a importância da pesquisa com o Pinhão Manso, sendo que muito se comenta sobre a adaptabilidade dessa cultura sob diferentes condições. Com base nessas necessidades, no desenvolvimento deste experimento teve-se como objetivo avaliar o crescimento e a qualidade de mudas de Pinhão Manso produzidas em casa de vegetação até o momento de serem transplantadas para o campo, para isto foram proporcionadas diversas maneiras de produção, envolvendo diferentes tipos e volumes de recipientes, substratos e adubações, além de contabilizar a quantidade de água consumida pelas mudas para os diferentes recipientes e substratos durante a fase experimental. Conclui-se que as mudas que apresentaram melhor qualidade e que proporcionaram maior crescimento, obtendo condições adequadas para o transplantio na sexta semana após a emergência, foram obtidas com a combinação dos fatores: substrato comercial Plantmax®, recipiente tipo tubete com volume de 290 cm3 e o adubo de liberação lenta, Osmocote®. A combinação do substrato Plantmax® e o tubete de 290 cm3 proporcionaram um consumo de água de aproximadamente 1,4 L contabilizado a partir da emergência das mudas.With the settlement of the National Plan of Biofuel Production, the interest aroused in the commercial production of Physic Nut (Jatropha curcas L.), once that oleaginous plant presents favorable characteristics for Biofuel production. Information on that crop is still scarce, mainly in Brazil where research is incipient. The need of information on local conditions also emphasizes the importance of research on Physic Nut, once much is commented on the adaptability of that crop to different conditions, but a few experiments to evaluate it have been performed. Therefore, during the development of this experiment we aimed to evaluate growth and quality of Physic Nut seedlings produced in greenhouse until the moment to be transplanted to the field. To do so, several production ways were analyzed, involving different types and volumes of dibble-tube containers, different substrate and fertilization. Besides, it was measured the amount of water consumed by the seedlings for different containers and substrate during the experimental phase. Results show that seedlings that presented best quality and largest growth, obtaining appropriate conditions to transplantation in the sixth week after germination, were obtained from the combination of the following factors: commercial substrate Plantmax®, dibble-tube container with volume of 290 cm3 and fertilizer of slow liberation, Osmocote®. The combination of the substrate Plantmax® and the dibble-tube container of 290 cm3 provided a consumption of water of approximately 1.4 L counted since the beginning of seedlings emergence.
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Holman, Lauren Anne Trish. "Discovering the path to Indian uses of native California plants: A family activity guide for the native plant garden at the San Bernardino County Museum." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2859.
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The objective of this project is to develop an activity guide for the California native plant trail located adjacent to the San Bernardino County Museum that allows families to discover native California plants while increasing environmental and cultural sensitivity.
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Singh, Smeetha. "Cultivation studies on two commercially important plants; seasonal variation of Ceratonia siliqua and propagation trials on Athrixia phylicoides." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79716.
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The use of plant extracts or derivatives in the field of medicine, nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals has occurred for a long time. This is due to the diversity of compounds present in plants. The cosmetic industry has a number of products that include plant actives to combat ageing, pigmentation and blemishes. Extensive studies, such as the seasonal variation of bioactive compounds, are required to be carried out on the plant extracts before they can be included in such products. The present study focused on two commercially important plants: Ceratonia siliqua L. (C. siliqua) and Athrixia phylicoides DC. (A. phylicoides).
A. phylicoides is an indigenous plant commonly known as bush tea because an infusion of this plant is a common traditional tea. This plant has a number of medicinal properties and commercialisation of the tea would benefit many. In order to enhance the propagation of the plant, a hormone rooting field trial was carried out on apical cuttings of A. phylicoides during spring and autumn. Cuttings were dipped in liquid hormone solutions of 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and Gibberellic acid (GA); all of which were tested at 0.1% and 0.3%. During spring, IBA at 0.1% had the highest rooting percentage of 58.33% and highest sprouting percentage of 60%. Following closely behind was NAA at 0.1% with a rooting percentage of 51.67%. IBA and NAA at 0.3% had the highest number of roots for the entire trial: 38.72 and 31.00, respectively. During autumn, NAA at 0.1% was found to have the highest sprouting percentage of 78.33% and at 0.3%, the highest rooting percentage of 83.33%. The highest number of roots formed was 7.88 by NAA at 0.3% with IAA forming 6.67 roots at 0.3%. IBA at 0.1% formed 6.41 roots. IBA was confirmed as an effective hormone for this plant but this study introduced an additional hormone, NAA, to serve the same purpose at a lower cost.
Ethanol extracts of A. phylicoides were tested for potential anti-tyrosinase and antimicrobial studies due to the high antioxidant activities of the extracts. At the highest concentration tested (400 μg/ml plant extract) activity was not detected in either assay.
C. siliqua is a popular plant commonly known as carob and is used globally for its bean gum and pods. Previous studies indicated that the leaf extract of this plant has the potential to be used in the cosmetic field. The present study investigated the seasonal variation of five previously isolated bioactive compounds in the leaves of C. siliqua (1,2,3,6-tetra-o-galloyl-β- D-glucose, Quercetin-3-o-α-L-rhamnoside, Myricetin-3-o-α-L-rhamnoside, Myricetin-3-o- glucoside and Gallocatechin-3-o-gallate). Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and the tyrosinase inhibition assay were used in the study. Seasonal samples from three age groups were collected in order to determine the season and age at which optimal levels of the bioactive compounds were present. The leaf extracts prepared from the samples collected from autumn small, autumn medium and summer medium were found to be the most effective at inhibiting the tyrosinase enzyme with inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 51.77±0.058 μg/ml, 59.49±0.1 μg/ml and 53.62±0.71 μg/ml, respectively. The positive control for the tyrosinase inhibition assay was kojic acid with an IC50 of 6.99±0.14 μg/ml. HPLC detected the highest amount of the key bioactive compounds, based on their previously identified melanin inhibition properties: 1,2,3,6-tetra-o-galloyl-β-D-glucose in winter large (327.92 mg/kg plant material) samples and quercetin-3-o-α-L-rhamnoside in summer medium (2216.84 mg/kg).
A significant amount of variation of bioactive compounds of C. siliqua was identified amongst the large plants during the season trial. Follow up variation identification trials were carried out based on plant gender and the drying method of leaf material. TLC and the tyrosinase inhibition assay were used for these trials. Female plants of C. siliqua were found to have lower IC50 values overall for the tyrosinase inhibition assay. A female plant growing in the LC area in Hatfield was found to have the highest activity with an IC50 value of 103.70 μg/ml. The drying study found that leaves that were crushed after harvesting, without drying, led to an extract with the highest tyrosinase inhibition activity. The IC50 obtained for the fresh leaf extract was 139.60 μg/ml. The IC50 value of the control averaged to 7.75 μg/ml for the variation identification trials.
The present study concluded that NAA was successful, in addition to IBA, as a rooting hormone for apical cuttings of A. phylicoides. Bioactivity of C. siliqua was found to be higher in summer and autumn.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
Plant Science
MSc
Unrestricted
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Bezerra, Francisco Thiago Coelho. "Productive characteristics and physiological potential of sunflower acheneâs a function of spatial arrangement of plants and the cultivation area." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10405.
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Sunflower crop is becoming significant in the national and international scene, mainly due to the possibility of the use of oil for biodiesel production. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate spatial arrangements and local culture on vegetative characteristics, yield components, yield and physiological potential of sunflower acheneâs variety of Embrapa 122. The regions were at the Experimental area from Department of Plant Science, in Fortaleza, CE, and at Experimental Farm Vale do Curu, in Pentecost, CE. Treatments consisted of combinations of row spacingâs (0.30, 0.50, 0.70 and 0.90 m) and planting densities (30,000, 45,000, 60,000 and 75,000 plants per hectare) in a factorial 4 x 4, totaling 16 treatments
arranged in four randomized blocks. These characteristics were stem diameter at soil level, stem length, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index, chapters collected, head diameter, mass chapter, mass of seeds for each chapter, mass of 100 seeds, acheneâs per chapter, achene
yield, harvest index and oil content in the acheneâs. Physiological acheneâs was evaluated by germination and vigor (first germination count, electrical conductivity, accelerated aging, seedling emergence and shoot length and root and dry weight of shoots and roots of seedlings emergency test). The experiments were analyzed together in relation to the growing cultivation site, the data were submitted to variance analysis and quantitative factors tested by regression using the F test (p <0.05) to check the adjustment to models. The spatial arrangements providing greater intraspecific competition affect the vegetative characteristics, reduce yield components and physiological acheneâs, but not affect productivity. The growing place was the factor that most influenced the vegetative characteristics, yield components and achene production, mainly due to irregular and low rainfall. Germination and vigor of acheneâs were also affected by growing place, the differences may be related to the maturation process caused by climatic factors.A cultura do girassol vem se tornando expressiva nos cenÃrios nacional e internacional devido, principalmente, a possibilidade da utilizaÃÃo do Ãleo na fabricaÃÃo de biodiesel. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar arranjos espaciais e locais de cultivo sobre caracterÃsticas vegetativas, componentes de produÃÃo, produtividade e potencial fisiolÃgico de aquÃnios de girassol da variedade Embrapa 122. Os locais de cultivo foram na Ãrea Experimental do Departamento de Fitotecnia, em Fortaleza, CE, e na Fazenda Experimental Vale do Curu, em Pentecoste, CE. Os tratamentos consistiram das combinaÃÃes entre os espaÃamentos entre linhas (0,30; 0,50; 0,70 e 0,90 m) e as densidades de plantio (30.000; 45.000; 60.000 e 75.000 plantas por hectare) no esquema fatorial 4 x 4, totalizando 16 tratamentos distribuÃdos em quatro blocos casualizados. As caracterÃsticas avaliadas foram diÃmetro do caule ao nÃvel do solo, comprimento da haste, nÃmero de folhas, Ãrea foliar, Ãndice de Ãrea foliar, capÃtulos colhidos, diÃmetro do capÃtulo, massa do capitulo, massa de aquÃnios por capÃtulo, massa de 100 aquÃnios, aquÃnios por capÃtulo, produtividade de aquÃnios, Ãndice de colheita e teor de Ãleo nos aquÃnios. O potencial fisiolÃgico dos aquÃnios foi avaliado pelos testes de germinaÃÃo e vigor (primeira contagem da germinaÃÃo, condutividade elÃtrica, envelhecimento acelerado, emergÃncia de plÃntulas e comprimento da parte aÃrea e da raiz e massa da matÃria seca da parte aÃrea e da raiz das plÃntulas do teste de emergÃncia). Os experimentos foram analisados de forma conjunta em relaÃÃo ao local de cultivo, os dados submetidos à anÃlise de variÃncia e os fatores quantitativos testados por meio de regressÃo utilizando o teste F (p < 0,05) para verificar o ajuste aos modelos. Os arranjos espaciais que confere maior competiÃÃo intraespecÃfica afetam as caracterÃsticas vegetativas, reduzem os componentes de produÃÃo e o potencial fisiolÃgico dos aquÃnios, porÃm nÃo afetam a produtividade. O local de cultivo foi o fator que mais influenciou nas caracterÃsticas vegetativas, nos componentes de produÃÃo e na produÃÃo de aquÃnios, devido, principalmente, a irregularidade e a baixa precipitaÃÃo pluviomÃtrica. A germinaÃÃo e o vigor dos aquÃnios tambÃm foram afetados pelo local de cultivo, podendo as diferenÃas estar relacionadas ao processo de maturaÃÃo ocasionados pelos fatores climÃticos.
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Campagnol, Rafael. "Sistemas de condução de mini melancia cultivada em ambiente protegido." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-10092009-092331/.
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Dois experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação com o objetivo de avaliar a influência do espaçamento entre plantas, do sistema de condução e da altura de poda de mini melancia conduzidas na vertical. O híbrido utilizado foi o Smile. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. O primeiro experimento foi conduzido no período de 12 de agosto a 25 de novembro de 2008, cujos tratamentos foram três alturas de poda da haste principal (1,7; 2,2 e 2,7 m) e dois espaçamentos entre plantas (30 e 45 cm). O segundo experimento foi conduzido no período de 20 de outubro de 2008 a 16 de janeiro de 2009 e os tratamentos foram compostos por três sistemas de condução (S1 = uma haste e um fruto por planta conduzido na haste principal; S2 = uma haste e um fruto por planta conduzido na haste secundária e S3 = duas hastes e um fruto por planta conduzido na haste principal) e dois espaçamentos entre plantas (30 e 60 cm). No primeiro experimento o índice de área foliar, o teor de sólidos solúveis (SS), de ácido ascórbico, a acidez titulável (AT) e a produtividade comercial foram maiores no espaçamento de 30 cm entre plantas. A produtividade total sofreu influência tanto da altura de poda como do espaçamento entre plantas, cujo maior valor foi obtido pela combinação da altura de poda de 2,7m e espaçamento de 30 cm. Por outro lado, foi na altura de poda de 2,2 m e espaçamento de 45 cm que ocorreu o maior valor para a relação SS/AT. A altura de poda de 1,7 m proporcionou maior porcentagem de frutos colhidos na última colheita. No segundo experimento, o sistema de condução S2 no espaçamento de 30 cm entre plantas proporcionou maior índice de área foliar e firmeza da polpa. A produtividade total foi maior no sistema de condução S3 em relação somente ao sistema de condução S1. Os sistemas de condução S1 e S3 promoveram maior porcentagem de frutos colhidos na primeira colheita, enquanto que no sistema S2 a maior parte dos frutos foi colhida na última colheita. Dessa forma, levando-se em consideração as características avaliadas, de modo geral, no primeiro experimento, a melhor opção para o produtor é a realização da poda da haste principal a 2,2 m de altura e espaçamento de 30 cm entre plantas. No segundo experimento, a condução com duas hastes e um fruto (S3) com espaçamento de 30 cm entre plantas, além de constituir um sistema de condução simples, proporciona elevada produtividade e qualidade dos frutos.Two experiments were conducted in greenhouse in order to evaluate the influence of plants spacing, the training systems and the height of pruning of main stem of mini watermelon through vertical conduction. The hybrid used was \'Smile\'. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. The first experiment was carried out from August 12 to November 25, 2008. The treatments were three heights of pruning of main stem (1.7, 2.2 and 2.7 m) and two plants spacing (30 and 45 cm). The second experiment was carried out from October 20, 2008 to January 16, 2009 and the treatments consist of three training systems (S1 = one stem and one fruit per plant fixed in the main stem, S2 = one stem and one fruit plant fixed in the lateral branch and S3 = two stems and one fruit per plant fixed in the main stem) and two plants spacing (30 and 60 cm). In the first experiment the leaf area index, the content of soluble solids content (SS), ascorbic acid, acidity titratable (AT) and marketable yield were higher in 30 cm plants spacing. The total yield was influenced both the height of pruning and the plants spacing, whose greatest value was obtained by the combination of height of pruning of 2.7 m and spacing of 30 cm. However, the highest value for the ratio SS/AT was observed in the pruning of 2.2 m, and spacing of 45 cm. The height of pruning of 1.7 m provided the greatest percentage of fruit harvested in the last harvest. In the second experiment, the training system S2 with spacing of 30 cm between plants provided higher leaf area index and firmness of flesh. The total yield was higher in the training system S3 only than the training system S1. The training systems S1 and S3 promoted higher percentage of fruit harvested in the first harvest, while the system S2 the majority of fruits were harvested at last. Thus, taking into account the characteristics evaluated, in general, in the first experiment, the better option for the producer is the performance of pruning to 2.2 m in height and 30 cm plants spacing. In the second experiment, the conduction with two stems and one fruit (S3) with spacing of 30 cm between plants, and as a simple training system, provide high productivity and quality of fruit.
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Börjesdotter, Desirée. "Potential oil crops : cultivation of Barbarea verna, Barbarea vulgaris and Lepidium campestre /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5746-7.pdf.
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Magalhães, Graciélio Queiroz de. "Plantas ornamentais para uso em sistemas agroflorestais: levantamento do potencial em área de agricultura familiar na Amazônia." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2004. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4238.
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Some communities have showed interest in keeping ornamental plants. But the problem consists in lack of encouragement to work on its production or even lack of studies related to the forest. Based on that gap of studies, it has been developed at Marcos Freire community, an area under INCRA’s control called Uatumã. Then, this study aims to take the plants power from subsystems, such as: yard, forest... taking into account gardening and social reproduction into the family unit. The reason of making this choice is due to earth has been used as a source of biological and social support. The method used in this research was a case study based on a systematical approach. The devices used to make it possible were an interview with prior identification of plants as well as their price at the flower shops from Manaus. The results of studying eighteen batches pointed out two hundred and forty goings on into the subsystems, like yard, forest ... From this point, seventy four species have been notified and one hundred sixty six have been registered by the researcher. It was possible to identify seventy species into fifty four genders that belong to thirty families. In the purposed classification to specify the vegetable structure in projects of landscape architecture, it was possible to identify four kinds of vegetables and eight other subtypes. From the results, the conclusion identified that the species are useful to ornamental use, as well as to management of agro forest systems into the familiar alternative of income through commerce, in order to reach in the demand of the ornamental vegetables related to landscape gardening in Manaus.
Algumas comunidades têm demonstrado interesse em cultivar espécies de plantas com valor ornamental. A problemática consiste na falta de incentivo voltado à sua produção, ou talvez, aos estudos que enfoquem esse componente dentro de um sistema de agrofloresta. Com Base nesta lacuna, desenvolveu-se um estudo na comunidade Marcos Freire, focalizada em um assentamento do INCRA denominado gleba Uatumã. A pesquisa teve por objetivo levantar o potencial das plantas nativas, existentes nos subsistemas (quintal, roça, capoeira e floresta), com possibilidades de aplicação no paisagismo, assim como o seu incremento às necessidades de manutenção, reprodução biológica e social da unidade familiar. A escolha se deu em função de que o sistema é formado por unidades familiares que utilizam a terra como fonte de sua sustentabilidade biológica e social. O método utilizado foi o estudo de caso com abordagem sistêmica. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: entrevista com roteiro prévio, caminhada em trilha pré-fixada, guia de identificação de plantas e pesquisa de preço junto às floriculturas de Manaus. Os resultados dos 18 lotes estudados demonstram 240 indivíduos ocorrentes nos subsistemas quintal, roça, floresta e igarapé, desse universo, 74 informados pelos moradores e 166 registrados pelo pesquisador. Foram identificadas 76 espécies em 54 gêneros, pertencentes a 30 famílias. Na classificação proposta para especificação da estrutura vegetal em projetos de arquitetura paisagística, foram identificados 4 tipos vegetais (arbórea, arbustiva, trepadeira e herbácea) e 8 subtipos(arbórea-árvore e arbórea-Palmeira; arbustiva-arbusto e arbustiva-palmeira; trepadeira-sarmentosa; herbácea-herbácea; herbácea-epífita e herbácea-forração). Diante dos resultados obtidos conclui-se que as espécies identificadas têm potencial de uso ornamental, possibilidades de cultivo e/ou manejo em sistemas agroflorestais em área de agricultura familiar, sendo uma alternativa de renda e com potencial de comércio para atender à demanda de plantas ornamentais gerada pelas atividades de paisagismo e floricultura na cidade de Manaus.
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Johnson, Matthew Brian 1958. "Horticultural characteristics of seven Sonoran Desert woody legumes which show potential for southwestern landscaping." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276905.
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Many plants are not commercially produced due to a lack of accessible information on their horticultural requirements and landscape potential. Members of the Legume Family (Leguminosae) are often conspicuous components of the vegetation of arid and semi-arid subtropical regions. Many of these plants are suitable for landscaping use in areas suited to their cultivation. Coursetia glandulosa, Erythrina flabelliformis, Eysenhardtia orthocarpa, Haematoxylon brasiletto, Lysiloma watsonii, Pithecellobium mexicanum, and Sophora arizonica are woody legumes native to the Sonoran Desert region which offer a variety of form, texture, color and function. All of these plants grow readily from scarified seed. E. flabelliformis and E. orthocarpa are easy to propagate from stem cuttings. Some irrigation is necessary for establishment and reasonable growth in the landscape. Maintenance and pests are minimal. Freezing temperatures are the primary limiting factor to several of the plants. S. arizonica is slow growing and is prone to rot in the nursery.
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Sköldström, Brades Helen. "Cisterciensklostrens odlingar i Sverige under medeltiden." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för kultur-, religions- och utbildningsvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-16588.
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The aim of this paperisto find out which plants the Cistercian monks might have cultivated in Sweden during the Middle Ages and which types of plants it would have been practical to grow inside or outside of the Cistercian monastery precinct. Archaeologicaland archaeobotanical studies have been consulted to find out which plants were available in Sweden during the Middle Ages. Examples, mainly from Scandinavia, but also from the continent, are used to show that the monasteries were large institutionsthat had to feed a large number of people and that there would not have been enough space to cultivate everything needed within the monastery precinct.Secondary sources have in the main been used to gather this information, except in the case of the Swedish monastery of Nydala where F-Topo, a database developed by the County Museum of Jönköping,has been used to analyse the amount of land and the types of properties owned by the monastery.The conclusion is that for practical reasons the monks would have cultivated plants that needed to be close at hand, that were rare or delicate, that could not be stored for long periods and that were used in small quantities within the monastery precinct. This would include medicinal plants, herbs for cooking and some vegetables like lettuce, spinach,and similar,that do not keep well. Most other items, grains, cabbages, root vegetables, peas and beans could equally well be cultivated outside the walls. As yet there is no complete list over plant introductions in Sweden. The most comprehensive list available has been included in the Appendix together with indications of usage area; medicinal, food or miscellaneous.
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White, Andrew Graeme. "The effect of geography, cultivation and harvest technique on the umckalin concentration and growth of pelargonium sidoides (Geraniaceae)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003803.
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Pelargonium sidoides DC. (Geraniaceae) root extracts are used in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa as a traditional medicine for the treatment of respiratory tract and gastro-intestinal infections. Ethanolic extracts are used globally as herbal treatments for bronchitis, asthma and as an immune system booster. Despite documented exploitation of wild populations by illegal harvesters, this species has not been awarded a protected status. The high level of harvest in the years preceding this study prompted this investigation of the prospects for sustainable root harvest through wild harvest and greenhouse cultivation. A novel method was developed for the purification of umckalin, a bioactive constituent in root extracts, such that the root umckalin concentrations of wild and cultivated plants could be quantified by HPLC. As part of the cultivation experiments, the concentration of umckalin in roots was measured for plants across part of the species’ distribution range in the Eastern Cape Province. This survey revealed that root umckalin concentrations were inversely related to the average annual rainfall of the collection site (r² = 0.94, p = 0.007) and directly related to soil pH (r² = 0.97, p = 0.002). Thus, the possibility of inducing high umckalin concentrations in greenhouse-cultivated plants was investigated by subjecting plants to rapid and prolonged water stress treatments. Two leaf applied hormone treatments (cytokinin and gibberellin) and a root competition treatment with a fast growing annual (Conyza albida) were also investigated based on the potential function of umckalin in P. sidoides plants. These five treatments did not significantly affect root umckalin concentrations compared to well-watered controls. The results of further experiments suggested that umckalin production may have been influenced by the geographical origin and genetics of plants rather than environmental variation. Following wild harvest experiments, the regrowth of replanted shoots from which a standard proportion of the root was harvested showed that water availability affected shoot survival but not root regrowth rate. Regrowth rates were low, questioning the viability of wild harvest. In contrast, greenhouse cultivated plants showed ca. six times greater growth rates, supporting the cultivation of roots to supply future market demand.
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Klehm, Cristiane da Silva. "Produção de biomassa, teor e rendimento de óleo essencial de Otacanthus Azureus (Linden) Ronse em função da adubação orgânica e épocas de corte, em Manaus, AM." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2011. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2741.
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Previous issue date: 2013-02-17Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Otacanthus azureus (Linden) Ronse is a plant native to southeastern Brazil, being found under cultivation or adapted in northern Brazil. By reason of being a plant still in the process of domestication is the need for research to define a cropping system that maximizes the production of essential oil. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding organic fertilizer - cattle manure - and harvest times in the production of leaf biomass and essential oil O. azureus in Manaus - AM. The experiment was conducted in the Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, from Dec/2009 to set/2010. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3x4 factorial design with four repetitions, comprising three harvest times (march, june and september) and four levels of organic fertilization with cattle manure (0%, 20%, 33% and 50%). The organic fertilization with cattle manure had an effect on leaf biomass production and essential oil of O. azureus, and the treatments with 20% and 33% were statistically equal and superior to other treatments. Most essential oil production in plants of O. azureus was obtained in the first cut. It recommended that the percentage of 20% by spending less on fertilization
Otacanthus azureus (Linden) Ronse é uma planta originária da região sudeste do Brasil, sendo encontrada sob cultivo ou adaptada no norte do Brasil. Por ser uma planta ainda em fase de domesticação há a necessidade de pesquisas para definir um sistema de cultivo que maximize a produção de óleo essencial. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da adição de adubo orgânico esterco de bovino - e épocas de corte na produção de biomassa foliar e óleo essencial de O. azureus em Manaus - AM. O experimento foi conduzido no Setor de Plantas Medicinais da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, no período de dez/2009 a set/2010. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3x4, com 4 repetições, compreendendo três épocas de corte (março, junho e setembro) e quatro níveis de adubação orgânica com esterco de bovino (0 %, 20%, 33% e 50%). A adubação orgânica com esterco de bovino teve influência na produção de biomassa foliar e óleo essencial em O. azureus, sendo que os tratamentos com 20% e 33% foram estatisticamente iguais e superiores aos demais tratamentos. A maior produção de óleo essencial em plantas de O. azureus foi obtida no primeiro corte. recomenda-se à porcentagem de 20% pelo menor gasto com a adubação
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Queiroz, Italo Sorac Rafael de. "Cultivo do meloeiro em sistema semi-hidroponico sob diferentes concentrações de potássio na solução nutritiva." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Manejo Solo e Água, 2016. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/585.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
In northeastern Brazil, the main producing and exporting region melon, the yield exceed 40 tons per hectare. Potassium affects the concentration of sugars and nutrient relating to the maturation and the quality of the melon fruit. The semi-hydroponic system is an alternative for the growing melon, which enables efficient production and water consumption, in addition to the favorable fruit quality results. This study aimed to evaluate the growth, production and postharvest quality of melon Galia (Cucumis melo L. cultivar "Babilonia RZ F1-Hybrid"), grown in semi-hydroponic system under different levels of potassium in the nutritious solution. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse from Department of Environmental Sciences and Technology of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) from October to December 2015. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five treatments, randomized in five blocks with six plants per plot. The effect of concentrations of potassium in the nutrient solution (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of the quantity of nutrients in 50% solution proposed by Furlani for melon cultivation) was analized. During the experiment variables were analyzed: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, fruit weight, transversal and longitudinal diameter, transverse and longitudinal inner cavity, thick peel and pulp, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, total sugars and fruit maturation ratio. The change in potassium concentration influenced the behavior of the growth variables, production and post-harvest. The concentration of 100% potassium caused greater increase in fruit weight, productivity and pulp thickness; with significant results for titratable acidity, total sugars and soluble solids
No nordeste brasileiro, principal região produtora e exportadora de melão, a produtividade pode ultrapassar 40 toneladas por hectare. O potássio afeta a concentração de açúcares e relacionam o nutriente com a maturação e a qualidade do fruto de melão. O cultivo semi-hidropônico é uma alternativa para o cultivo do meloeiro, que permite eficiência na produção e no consumo hídrico, além de resultados de qualidade do fruto favoráveis. Este trabalho teve como objetivo de avaliar o crescimento, a produção e a qualidade pós-colheita do melão Gália (Cucumis melo L., cultivar "Babilonia RZ F1-Hybrid”), cultivado em sistema semi-hidropônico sob diferentes doses de potássio na solução nutritiva. A pesquisa foi realizada em casa de vegetação, no Departamento de Ciências Ambientais e Tecnológicas da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido – UFERSA, no período de outubro a dezembro de 2015. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos, aleatorizados em cinco blocos, com seis plantas por parcela. Foi avaliado o efeito de cinco concentrações de potássio na solução nutritiva (50, 75, 100, 125 e 150% do quantitativo de nutrientes na solução 50% proposto por Furlani para o meloeiro). Durante o experimento foram analisadas as variáveis: altura de plantas; diâmetro da haste; número de folhas, peso do fruto, diâmetro transversal e longitudinal, cavidade interna transversal e longitudinal, espessura de casca e polpa, sólidos solúveis, acidez total titulável, pH, açúcares totais e relação de maturação dos frutos. A variação da concentração de potássio influenciou o comportamento das variáveis de crescimento, produção e pós-colheita. A concentração de 100% de potássio proporcionou maior incremento no peso dos frutos, produtividade e espessura de polpa; com resultados significativos para acidez titulável, açucares totais e sólidos solúveis
2016-10-31
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Endres, Christian Hermann [Verfasser], Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Brück, and Dirk [Gutachter] Weuster-Botz. "Modeling temperature and microalgae productivity for photobioreactors in industrial-scale cultivation plants / Christian Hermann Endres ; Gutachter: Thomas Brück, Dirk Weuster-Botz ; Betreuer: Thomas Brück." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1144483506/34.
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RAGA, ADALTON. "Incidencia de moscas-das-frutas em cafe e citros e tratamento quarentenario de frutos citricos com radiacao gama." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1996. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10484.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Machado, Ronan Pereira. "Aplicação de diferentes promotores de crescimento em Mirindiba (Lafoensia glyptocarpa Koehne): avaliação do desenvolvimento das mudas, em fases distintas do ciclo de produção." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-10092009-094024/.
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Os avanços obtidos na política ambiental e a conscientização da população em relação aos problemas do meio ambiente têm levado a uma crescente demanda por espécies florestais nativas. A presença no mercado de viveiros, com alta tecnologia, e as exigências cada vez mais rígidas de padrão, fazem com que haja grande procura por alternativas que visem reduzir os custos de manejo, aumentar a taxa de crescimento e melhorar a qualidade das mudas produzidas. A produção pode ser comprometida pelo pouco conhecimento do comportamento silvicultural da espécie. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento da espécie arbórea nativa Mirindiba (Lafoensia glyptocarpa Koehne), submetida a quatro diferentes tratamentos com promotores de crescimento, em duas fases distintas de seu ciclo de produção, nas condições específicas de um viveiro de mudas arbóreas, inclusive em relação à época de aplicação. O experimento foi conduzido em um viveiro localizado no município de Amparo-SP. Os tratamentos foram: Testemunha, Orgasol semanal, Biogain Max, Orgasol 15 dias e Biogain Plus. Os tratos culturais realizados habitualmente nos viveiros e as condições ambientais foram similares para todos. Os parâmetros quantitativos de vigor, usados foram: diâmetro do colo, DAP, altura da parte aérea, relação altura com diâmetro do tronco, matéria seca de 100 folhas e teores foliares de nutrientes. O delineamento estatístico adotado foi o de blocos causalizados, com cinco blocos de cinco tratamentos, um recipiente por repetição e uma planta por recipiente. O tratamento com Biogain Max mostrou-se mais eficiente quando comparado aos demais tratamentos nas duas fases distintas da produção de mudas, em relação ao acréscimo médio na altura e diâmetro de tronco (H/D). Houve um maior desenvolvimento, em resposta aos diferentes tratamentos, nos períodos que representam os meses de agosto a março. Na fase 1, o tratamento com Orgasol semanal, apresentou a melhor relação H/D, nos dois primeiros períodos, enquanto que no terceiro período a melhor relação foi do Biogain Max. Nas mudas mais jovens, existiu uma tendência em ocorrer maior acréscimo em altura do que em diâmetro do colo e nas mudas com maior maturidade, essa tendência é inversa, de acordo com a relação H/D. O tratamento com Biogain Max apresentou a melhor relação H/D, no primeiro, terceiro e período total, na fase 2. A aplicação de promotores de crescimento via foliar se mostrou mais eficiente em relação à aplicação via solo. Existe uma tendência de um maior desenvolvimento, quando parcela-se a dosagem e aumenta-se a freqüência de aplicação, de acordo com os tratamentos Orgasol semanal e Orgasol 15 dias. Com a conclusão desse projeto, aumentam em muito as perspectivas para novos estudos, como a viabilidade de utilização de promotores de crescimento para a produção de mudas arbóreas.The advances got in environmental policy and the conscientiousness of population with problems in relation to the environment has led to an increasing demand for native species. The presence of the nursery, with high technology and the demands of increasingly stringent standards, means that there is high demand for alternatives to reduce management costs, increase growth rate and improve the quality of plants produced. The production may be jeopardizing by poor knowledge of the natural conduct of species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of native tree, Mirindiba (Lafoensia glyptocarpa Koehne), subjected to four different treatments with growth promoters, in two distinct phases of production, the specific conditions of a tree nursery. Also, was to identify the best treatment for the production of this species in relation to the time of application and cost. The experiment was conducted in a nursery located in Amparo-SP. The treatments were: Control, Orgasol Semanal, Biogain Max, Orgasol 15 dias and Biogain Plus. The cultural treatments usually performed and environmental conditions were similar for all. The quantitative parameters of vigor, used were: the caliper of root crown, DAP, height, relation of height with caliper of trunk (H/D), dry weight of 100 leaves and foliar levels of nutrients. The statistical design adopted was causal block with five blocks of five treatments, one container by a repetition and one plant for a container. Treatment with Biogain Max was more efficient when compared to other treatments in two separate phases of the production in relation to the increase in average height and diameter of trunk. There was a further development in response to different treatments, which represent the period of August to March. In phase 1, treatment with Orgasol Semanal, presented the best H/D, in the first two periods, while in the third period was the best of Biogain Max. In young plants, there was a tendency to greater increase in height than diameter of trunk and in mature plants, this trend is reversed, according to the relation of H/D. Treatment with Biogain Max had the best H/D in the first, third and total period, in phase 2. The application in leaves of growth promoters was more efficient in relation to the application via soil. There is a tendency for further development, when the frequency of application is incresead, according to the treatments Orgasol Semanal and Orgasol 15 dias. Treatment with Biogain Max in addition to a development than the other treatments in most periods of the two phases also had the lowest cost during the experiment. With the conclusion of this project, increases in much the prospects for new studies, and the feasibility of the use of growth promoters for the production of trees
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Loundou, Paul-Marie. "Medicinal plant trade and opportunities for sustainable management in the Cape Peninsula, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2495.
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Thesis (MScConsEcol (Conservation Ecology and Entomology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.Medicinal plants represent an important asset to the livelihoods of many people in developing countries. This is the case for South Africa where most of the rural and also urban communities rely on medicinal plants for their primary healthcare needs and income generation. Harvesting for domestic usage is not generally detrimental to the wild populations of medicinal plants. However, the shift from subsistence to commercial harvesting is posing unprecedented extinction threat to the wild populations of medicinal plants. The purpose of this investigation was to: (1) document the most traded/used species of medicinal plants in the Cape Peninsula, including parts used, sourcing regions, harvesting frequencies and seasons as well as the conservation status of these species; (2) to profile and investigate the rationales for the involvement of stakeholders in medicinal plants related-activities; and to (3) assess constraints and opportunities for sustainable management of medicinal plants in the Cape Peninsula. Triangulation techniques such as semi-structured questionnaires, formal and informal interactions with key informants from the Cape Peninsula and surroundings, personal observations and field visits were used to gather relevant data for this investigation. Accordingly, about 170 medicinal plant species were found to be actively traded or used in the study area. These species were mostly traded/used for their underground parts; shoot, barks and in many cases the whole plant is uprooted. The bulk of traded/used species were from the wild populations, harvested on monthly basis and the Western and Eastern Cape provinces acted as the main source regions. Some of the traded/used species are rare, vulnerable, endangered, critically endangered and are declining from the wild. Nonetheless, there are subtitutes for some of these medicinal plant species. Traders and collectors were mainly men in the Cape Peninsula. Cultural considerations, economic conditions and the burden imposed by the number of dependents were the factors influencing local communities to engage in medicinal plants related-activities. Despite the fact that the majority of the informants acknowledged the decline of medicinal plants from wild stocks, an overwhelming number of them expected an upsurge in the future demand for natural remedy due to its popularity among South Africans. Similarly, the majority of the respondents were aware of the conservation status of the plants that they were using, but this did not prevent them from trading/using some protected species. Encouragingly, an overwhelming number of the informants were willing to use cultivated species and cultivate some of the most used medicinal plant species if seeds and land were freely provided. It is noteworthy that these results were influenced by the gender, age, category and time of involvement in medicinal plants, ethnicity and residence status of the respondents as well as the source of supply of medicinal plants. It is recommended that species that have been identified of concern should be prevented from further commercial harvesting. Competent conservation organizations like CapeNature should focus on practical skills development of people who have expressed willingness to cultivate medicinal plants or are already doing so, especially in plant propagation and basic gardening techniques.
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Espíndola, Jhone de Souza. "CULTIVO DE BABY LEAF DE CHICÓRIA: SISTEMAS DE PROTEÇÃO E ESPAÇAMENTOS DE PLANTIO." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2012. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2231.
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Previous issue date: 2012-09-14Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná
The vegetables like baby leaf are characterized by the early harvest of cultivated species, and the production and marketing of these are still incipient in Brazil. To assist the production techniques, experiment was conducted between August and October 2011 with the objective of evaluating the productive responses of baby leaf chicory cv. Escarole Lisa in different environmental conditions and spacing between plants. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 04 replications with treatments arranged in split-split. The primary factor was the growing environment (TP- low plastic tunnel; AG-white non woven; AN-natural environment), the secondary factor was spacing between plants (E1- 2 x 5 cm; E2- 4 x 5 cm; E3- 2 x 10 cm; E4- 5 x 10 cm) and tertiary factor was evaluation periods (14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after sowing - DAS). The characteristics evaluated were plant height (AP), leaf area index (IAF), number of leaves per plant (NF), length (CMF) and width (LMF) of the largest leaf, fresh fitomassas (FMF) and dry (FMS) and plant productivity (P). In protect cultivation, the plants reached the harvesting stage (plant height = 10 cm) at 35 days after harvest while (DAS), in the natural environment was at 41 DAS. The NF, at the point of harvest, was higher for plants grown in AN, differentiating the results for AP, CMF, LMF, FMF and IAF. FMF values in TP and AG were higher until it reaches the point of harvest. For growing baby leaf chicory, it was found that the average temperature between 18 and 19ºC was the most suitable for plant growth under protected cultivation in relation to the natural environment. The interaction between different environmental conditions and spacing between plants was significant only for FMF. For cultivation under AG, the spacing between plants E2 and E4 resulted in plants with FMF higher than the spacing between plants E1 and E3. In relation to FMF, Plants grown in AN had lower values than those under TP and AG, except for E3, where plants under GA did not differ from those of AN. For the interaction between evaluation periods and spacing between plants, there was a significant effect for FMF, FMS and IAF. It was found that the FMF and FMS in E1 and E3 were lower than E2, and E4 in 35 DAS. The results of IAF demonstrated that plants grown in smaller spacing between plants (E1) had greater leaf area expansion compared to those in lower density (E4). At harvesting stage, there was a higher productivity when the combination was used spacing between plants E1 and cultivation environment AN. It was verified that is possible to obtain precocity in the cultivation of baby leaf chicory without loss of quality in TP and AG. When all the plants reach the harvesting stage, it is possible to obtain higher productivity using the natural environment (AN) together with the spacing between plants (E1). The use of protect cultivation (non-woven and low tunnel) and spacing E1 are suitable for the cultivation and marketing of whole plant (unit sales) of baby leaf chicory instead of selling by weight.
As hortaliças tipo baby leaf são caracterizadas pela colheita precoce das folhas das espécies cultivadas, sendo que a produção e comercialização das mesmas ainda são incipientes no Brasil. Para auxiliar as técnicas de produção, foi realizado experimento entre agosto e outubro de 2011 com o objetivo de avaliar as respostas produtivas de baby leaf de chicória cv. Escarola Lisa em diferentes ambientes de cultivo e espaçamentos de plantio. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com 04 repetições, com tratamentos distribuídos em parcelas sub-subdivididas. O fator primário foi ambiente de cultivo (TP- Túnel baixo com plástico; AG- Agrotêxtil branco diretamente sobre as plantas; AN- Ambiente natural); o fator secundário foi espaçamento de plantio (E1- 2 x 5 cm; E2- 4 x 5 cm; E3- 2 x 10 cm; E4- 5 x 10 cm) e o fator terciário foi momentos de avaliação (14; 21; 28; 35 e 42 dias após a semeadura - DAS). As características avaliadas foram altura de plantas (AP), índice de área foliar (IAF), número de folhas por planta (NF), comprimento (CMF) e largura (LMF) da maior folha, fitomassas fresca (FMF) e seca (FMS) das plantas e produtividade (P). Nos ambientes protegidos, as plantas atingiram o ponto de colheita (10 cm de altura) aos 35 DAS enquanto em ambiente natural foi aos 42 DAS. O NF, no ponto de colheita, foi superior para as plantas cultivadas em AN, diferenciando dos resultados encontrados para AP, CMF, LMF, FMF e IAF onde em TP e AG os valores foram superiores ao AN. Para FMS os valores em TP e AG foram superiores até atingir o ponto de colheita para baby leaf. Para o cultivo de chicória baby leaf foi constatado que a temperatura média entre 18 e 19ºC foi adequada para o maior crescimento das plantas em cultivo protegido em relação ao ambiente natural, que teve média de 16ºC. A interação entre ambiente de cultivo e espaçamentos foi significativa somente para FMF. Para o cultivo sob AG, os espaçamentos E2 e E4 resultaram em plantas com FMF superior àquelas espaçadas em E1 e E3. As plantas cultivadas em AN apresentaram menores valores de FMF que aquelas sob TP e AG, exceto para o E3 onde a FMF das plantas sob AG não diferiu daquelas do AN. Em relação à interação entre espaçamento e momentos de avaliação, verificou-se efeito significativo para FMF, FMS e IAF. Foi verificado que a FMF e FMS em E1 e E3 foram menores que em E2 e E4 a partir de 35 DAS. Os resultados de IAF demonstraram que as plantas cultivadas no menor espaçamento (E1) apresentaram maior expansão da área foliar em relação àquelas menos adensadas (E4). No ponto de colheita, houve maior produtividade quando foi utilizada a combinação entre o espaçamento E1 e cultivo em ambiente AN. Concluiu-se que é possível obter precocidade no cultivo de baby leaf de chicória sem perda de qualidade sob TP e AG. Quando todas as plantas atingem o ponto de colheita, é possível obter maior produtividade utilizando o ambiente natural (AN) juntamente com o espaçamento mais adensado (E1). O uso do cultivo protegido (Agrotêxtil e Túnel baixo) e o espaçamento E1 são adequados para o cultivo e comercialização de planta inteira (venda da unidade) de baby leaf de chicória em lugar da venda por peso produto.
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Кухаренко, В. С. "Агроекономічний аналіз рослинницької галузі ПСП «Яна Плюс» м. Сновськ та удосконалення технології вирощування соняшнику." Thesis, Чернігів, 2021. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/23170.
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Кухаренко, В. С. Агроекономічний аналіз рослинницької галузі ПСП «Яна Плюс» м. Сновськ та удосконалення технології вирощування соняшнику : випускна кваліфікаційна робота : 201 "Агрономія" / В. С. Кухаренко ; керівник роботи Л. А. Шевченко ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра аграрних технологій та лісового господарства. – Чернігів, 2021. – 43 с.У першому розділі обґрунтована тема за літературними джерелами. Наведена детальна інформація по соняшнику, стан та перспективи його вирощування в Україні та світі ,описані біологічні та сортові особливості культури. У другому розділі наведена характеристика господарства «Яна Плюс». Подані загальні відомості про господарство, охарактеризовано ґрунтовокліматичні умови та представлена технологія вирощування культур. Недоліки в технології вирощування соняшнику та рекомендовані заходи її поліпшення наведені у розділі 3. У 4 розділі проведена економічна оцінка запропонованих заходів технології вирощування соняшнику. Отже, за результатами досліджень приріст чистого доходу соняшнику виріс на 18,1%. А під час заміни закордонних ЗЗР вітчизняними виявлено, що система захисту в господарстві коштує 2828грн/га, а запропонована – 1128 грн/га.
Section 1 substantiates the topic on a base of literary sources. Detailed information on sunflower, the state and prospects of its cultivation in Ukraine and the world, biological and varietal features of culture are describing. Section 2 describes the characteristics of PAE «Yana Plyus». It includes general information about the enterprise, characteristic of soil and climatic conditions, and cultivation technology of sunflower. Recommended measures for improving the cultivation technology of sunflower are giving in section 3. The economic analysis of the offered measures in sunflower cultivation technology is presenting in section 4. Thus, according to research, the increase in net income of sunflower increased by 18.1%. In addition, during the replacement of foreign PPT with domestic ones, it was found that the plant protection system in the farm costs 2,828 UAH / ha, and the proposed - 1,128 UAH / ha.
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POTENZA, MARCOS R. "Avaliacao de produtos naturais irradiados para o controle de Sitophilus zeamais Mots. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) e Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2004. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11146.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Satora, Ondřej. "LED světlo s nastavitelným spektrem vyzařování pro chovatelské a pěstitelské účely." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219847.
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The aim of my master’s thesis is the design of the LED lighting system for breeding and growing purposes as replacement for the classical high-pressure sodium lamps and other sources of light used today. The whole system can be controlled locally by buttons or remotely by web server using Ethernet interface. LEDs are powered by five-channel step-down converter with current feedback. Converters are controlled by pulse width modulation generated by microcontroller.
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Brütting, Christine [Verfasser], Karsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Wesche, Isabell [Akademischer Betreuer] Hensen, and Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Oberprieler. "Genetic diversity and population structure of arable plants in situ and ex situ : how sustainable is long term cultivation in botanical gardens compared to in situ conditions? ; [kumulative Dissertation] / Christine Brütting. Betreuer: Karsten Wesche ; Isabell Hensen ; Christoph Oberprieler." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1043957758/34.
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Brütting, Christine Verfasser], Karsten [Akademischer Betreuer] [Wesche, Isabell [Akademischer Betreuer] Hensen, and Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Oberprieler. "Genetic diversity and population structure of arable plants in situ and ex situ : how sustainable is long term cultivation in botanical gardens compared to in situ conditions? ; [kumulative Dissertation] / Christine Brütting. Betreuer: Karsten Wesche ; Isabell Hensen ; Christoph Oberprieler." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:4-10736.
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Jönsson, Åsa. "Organic apple production in Sweden : cultivation and cultivars /." Alnarp : Department of Crop Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200714.pdf.
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Ravetta, Damián Andres. "Plant morphology and gas exchange in Hesperaloe: Influence on its adaptation for cultivation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186643.
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The working hypothesis for this dissertation was that the contrasting plant architecture, and the distinct native environments of Hesperaloe funifera and H. nocturna should be reflected in differences in their eco-physiological responses, and that these, in turn, would determine these species' adaptability limits and productivity under cultivation. The objective of this dissertation project was to evaluate plant morphological characteristics and their effect on physiological processes, and how environmental factors interact with these processes in H. funifera and H. nocturna. Common to both Hesperaloe funifera and H. nocturna is the possession of constitutive crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). The major implication of CAM is a prominent water use efficiency (WUE). Although instantaneous net CO₂ uptake rates of both Hesperaloe funifera and H. nocturna are low when compared with C₃ plants, integrated 24-hr net CO₂ uptake rates are within the lower range of C₃ species. Because there is a relatively large range of conditions in which photosynthesis occurs (i.e., both Hesperaloe species have a long growing season), net CO₂ uptake in Hesperaloe integrated throughout the year may reach or surpass that of C₃ crops. Daily integrated CO₂ uptake during late fall, winter and early spring were similar in Hesperaloe funifera and H. nocturna. A major peak in CO₂ uptake was found during the fall for H. funifera but not for H. nocturna. Also, no reduction in integrated CO₂ uptake was found in H. nocturna during the summer months, while H. funifera showed a considerable reduction in CO₂ uptake during this season. The increase in photosynthetic activity in H. nocturna coincided with the emergence of the inflorescence. Contrastingly, flowering did not appear to increase net CO₂ uptake in H. funifera. In this species a flush of new leaf production (increased sink demand) coincides with the observed increase in photosynthesis during the fall. The late fall peak of CO₂ uptake found in H. funifera could also be caused by a photoperiodic stimulation of CO₂ uptake. Significant differences in WUE between the two Hesperaloe species were found. These differences were, at least, partially explained by contrasting plant architecture and differences in leaf morphology.
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Higuti, Andréa Reiko Oliveira [UNESP]. "Produção de tomate em função da “vibração” das plantas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103257.
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higuti_aro_dr_botfca.pdf: 339107 bytes, checksum: a75e5a5f38d7c69da2138a110f207f10 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O experimento foi instalado e conduzido na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, de 19 de setembro de 2006 a 14 de fevereiro de 2007. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a produção de frutos de tomate com a “vibração” das plantas em ambiente protegido. Foram avaliados cinco híbridos (AF-8651, Débora Pto, Jennifer, Miramar e Platinum) e dois tratamentos de “vibração” (1 – com “vibração” das plantas; 2 – sem “vibração” das plantas). As colheitas foram realizadas separadamente por racemo, do primeiro ao quinto racemo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições, as parcelas foram constituídas pela “vibração” ou não “vibração” das plantas e as subparcelas pelos híbridos, totalizando duas parcelas e dez subparcelas. Para as características de pegamento de frutos, diâmetro e comprimento dos frutos, massa média de frutos total, massa média de frutos comerciais, número total de frutos por planta, número de frutos comerciais por planta, massa total de frutos por planta, massa de frutos comerciais por planta, número e massa de sementes por fruto realizou-se análise em parcelas subdivididas. Para as características onde os racemos foram comparados, pegamento de frutos, diâmetro e comprimento dos frutos, massa média de frutos total, massa média de frutos comerciais, número total de frutos por planta, número de frutos comerciais por planta, massa total de frutos por planta, massa de frutos comerciais por planta, realizou-se análise em parcelas subsubdivididas, onde os racemos, do primeiro ao quinto, foram as subsubparcelas. Foi realizado teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade para comparar as médias. O manejo de “vibração” das plantas de tomateiro mostrou-se vantajoso sob cultivo em ambiente...
The experiment was installed and carried out from September/ 2006 to February/ 2007 at São Manuel Experimental Farm UNESP/ FCA, in São Manuel, São Paulo State, Brazil. The present research aimed to evaluate tomato fruit yield under protected environment with plant “vibration”. Five hybrids (AF-8651, Débora Pto, Jennifer, Miramar and Platinum) and two “vibration” treatments (1 – with plant “vibration”; 2 – without plant “vibration”) were evaluated. The harvests had been carried through separately by raceme, from the first to fifth raceme. Randomized blocks design was used with four repetition and each plot was constituted by five plants, with three useful plants per plot. For the characteristics of fruit setting, diameter and length of the fruits, fruit average weight, commercial fruit average weight, total number of fruits per plant, number of commercial fruits per plant, total weight per plant, commercial weight per plant, number and weight of seeds per fruit, variance analyses were performed considering split-plot array. For the characteristics where the racemes were compared, fruit setting, diameter and length of the fruits, fruit average weight, commercial fruit average weight, total number of fruits per plant, number of commercial fruits per plant, total weight per plant, commercial weight per plant, variance analyses were performed considering spli-split-plot. Tukey test was carried at 5% of probability to compare the averages. “Vibration” of plants revealed advantageous under protected environment, with increase of almost all the characteristics...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Kjellström, Felicia. "Impact of Olive Cultivation on Biodiversity in Messenia, Greece." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-107144.
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The biggest threat and cause to loss of biodiversity have been found to be the intensification of agriculture under the 20th century. Messenia is one of the oldest olive cultivation areas in Greece and the landscape is dominated by olive groves characterized by extensive tillage, which causes serious erosion and might be a threat to plant diversity. Organic olive cultivation is an alternative that aims to preserve and support biodiversity. In this study the plant composition in the edge zones of an organic and a conventional olive grove in Messenia were inventoried to be able to investigate if organic cultivation methods enhance plant diversity. Moreover, other factors affecting plant diversity in olive groves and suggestions for precautions in the olive cultivation sector to support biodiversity are discussed. The results show that the organic olive grove hosted 40 % higher species richness, which indicates, as in other similar studies, that the organic olive cultivation methods have a higher capacity to support biodiversity. By restricting tillage and promoting organic olive cultivation, not only biodiversity would be enhanced; this could also prevent further soil erosion and create a more heterogenic agricultural landscape with higher biological and cultural values.
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Alves, Anarlete Ursulino. "Desempenho do consórcio de tomateiro e berinjeleira em função das épocas de transplante e de cultivo /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105127.
Full textAbstract:
Resumo: Com objetivo de avaliar o desempenho agroeconômico da berinjeleira e do tomateiro, em cultivo consorciado, em relação a seus cultivos solteiros, em função da época de transplante da berinjeleira em relação ao do tomateiro e da época de cultivo. Foram realizados dois experimentos em campo, em Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil, (12 de fevereiro a 5 de setembro 2009 e 8 de agosto de 2009 a 20 de fevereiro 2010. Em cada experimento foram avaliados 21 tratamentos, sob blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 10 + 1, com quatro repetições. Os fatores avaliados foram sistemas de cultivo (consórcio e solteiro) e épocas de transplante da berinjeleira após o transplante do tomateiro (-30, -25, -20, -15, -10, -5, 0, +5, +10 e +15 dias) e o cultivo solteiro do tomateiro. Na primeira época de cultivo, transplantes mais tardios da berinjeleira causaram decréscimos no número de frutos, produção comercial e produtividade comercial em razão da maior interferência do tomateiro na berinjeleira e das menores temperaturas, enquanto na segunda época de cultivo, os decréscimos foram motivados somente pela interferência do tomateiro. Os componentes da produção do tomateiro foram maiores à medida que mais tardio foi o transplante da berinjeleira. Maiores no número de frutos, produção comercial e produtividade comercial do tomateiro e da berinjeleira foram obtidos na segunda época de cultivo. A mão-deobra é a componente com maior participação no custo operacional total das culturas consorciadas ou do cultivo solteiro de berinjeleira e tomateiro. Nos consórcios, as maiores receitas, taxas e margens de retorno são obtidas nos consórcios na segunda época de cultivo. Do ponto de vista econômico, o tomateiro foi a cultura dominante e a berinjeleira foi a dominadaAbstract: Two experiments were carried out under field conditions in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil (21o15'22''S, 48o18'58''W and altitude 575m), in order to evaluate the productive performance of eggplant and tomato, in intercropping system, in function of transplanting times of eggplant in relation to tomato transplanting and of growing times (2-12 to 9-5-2009 and 8-8-2009 to 2-20-2010). Each experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 21 treatments (2 x 10 + 1) and four replications. The treatments consisted of the combination of two cropping systems (intercropping and sole crop) and ten eggplant transplanting times (-30, -25, -20, -15, - 10, -5, 0, +5, +10 and +15 days after tomato transplanting) and tomato sole crop. In the first growing time, transplants later of eggplant caused decreases in the number of fruits per plant, commercial production and business productivity yield due the interference of tomato in the eggplant and low temperatures, whereas in the second growing time, the decreases in yield component of eggplant were motivated only by competition with the tomato. For tomato, there was a significant interaction between growing times and eggplant transplanting times in number of marketable fruits per plant marketable yield per plant and commercial yield. The yield components of tomato were higher as was the later transplant of eggplant. Higher number of marketable fruits per plant marketable yield per plant and commercial yield.of tomato and eggplant were obtained in the second growing time. The workmanship is the component with greater participation in total operating cost of intercropping or monocropping of eggplant and tomato. In the consortium, the higher revenues, margins and rates of return are obtained in the consortia in the second growing season. The point view economic Tomato was the dominant culture and eggplant was dominated
Orientador: Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho
Coorientador: Bráulio Luciano Alves Rezende
Coorientador: Francisco Bezerra Neto
Banca: Durvalina Maria Mathias dos Santos
Banca: Pablo Forlan Vargas
Banca: Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta
Banca: Hamilton César de Oliveira Charlo
Doutor
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Winkler, Louisa Rosemarie. "Building the Genetic, Agronomic and Economic Foundations for Expansion of Oat Cultivation in Western Washington." Thesis, Washington State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10257011.
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Oats (Avena sativa L.) are a versatile crop with diverse genetic resources. A study of population structure in a collection of oat genotypes relatively unaffected by recent breeding activity identified an under-utilized area of genetic diversity which could be a source of novel alleles for agronomic traits and disease resistance. Association mapping in the collection generates the first molecular evidence for genetic architecture of traits including awn frequency and hull color. The history of oats in western Washington reveals an evolution away from regional self-sufficiency and towards greater integration with national and global markets. Recently, growth of interest in and demand for local and regional agriculture are fostering a more purposeful approach to regionality, and will be integral to reinvented roles for oats in western Washington. One opportunity for oats is the milling (food) oat market. To address a lack of regionally specific information on production practices and variety choice, two years of oat variety tests were carried out on organic and conventional farms in four counties. Estimated revenues based on agronomic and grain quality data suggest that milling oats are economically competitive with other small grain options. Hulless oats could be an alternative to corn and wheat for organic poultry producers seeking locally grown feeds. Three varieties of locally grown hulless oats were supplemented for corn and wheat in a feeding trial of Hy-Line Brown laying hens. The oats had no negative effects on hen health and productivity, and were economically competitive with commercially sourced organic corn and wheat. Oat variety showed no influence on feed value. Eggs from the feeding trial were used in a consumer evaluation. While there was evidence that feeding hulless oats changed the sensory properties of eggs by reducing yolk proportion, effect sizes were small. Overall, results support existing evidence that hulless oats can be fed to poultry at a moderate proportion of the diet with no negative effect on consumer acceptability of eggs. These projects rebuild a regional knowledge base for the adaptation and utilization of oats, which offer promising opportunities to diversify rotations and strengthen local food systems in western Washington.
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Mahoney, Kevin L. "Development of Techniques for the Cultivation of Fish in a Converted Wastewater Treatment Plant." NSUWorks, 1999. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/329.
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The town of Davie, Florida, converted a defunct wastewater treatment plant into an aquaculture facility. A feasibility study was conducted of the facility and it was determined that tilapia would be best suited for growout at the facility. Oreochromis aureus and a hybrid of Oreochromis niloticus are the two fish currently being grown at the aquaculture facility. A review of fish culture suggests that a filtration system that influences water quality will be needed to grow healthy fish. Furthermore, harvesting will prove to be very difficult in the deep tanks, and a most practical methodology for harvesting must be devised.
Two filters were built-one from PVC pipe, nylon cord, and plastic biobarrels, and the other from a PVC frame and wetland plants. Water was run through the filters for 10 days prior to taking water samples. Water samples were then collected, frozen, and transported to the lab for analysis. The water samples were analyzed for ammonia, nitrate, and phosphate concentrations. The results indicate that the filter made of the biobarrels caused a significant increase in nitrate concentrations in the water. The results also indicate that the biobarrel filter was significantly more effective than the hydroponics filter in influencing water quality. There was no significant difference in ammonia or phosphate levels between the two filters.
Three separate harvesting nets were compared. One net was built of hog wire, the second net was made of a stretchable nylon mesh, and the third was made of a nonstretchable nylon mesh. There was no significant difference in the three nets used for harvesting, and, according to the catch per unit effort, it was determined that the nets were ineffective as harvesters. However, the nets did prove to be capable of crowding fish of a desired weight in such a way that facilitated catching the fish with a cast net.
Two different sized cast nets were analyzed to determine their effectiveness in sampling. Each net was cast into the same depth of water 30 times and the catches per unit effort were compared. This was repeated for twelve depths. It was found that catch size was significantly different for the two nets and that catch per cast increased with decreasing depth until shallow water (<5 >ft) prevented proper net closure. However, there was no significant difference in determining the number of fish per unit volume when comparing the catches of each net.
Finally, a comparison was made between two species (Oreochromis aureus and Oreochromis niloticus hybrids) to determine which species was more suited for growth at the Aquaculture Center. Random samples of various sizes for each species were taken simultaneously for a period of time. This information was used to calculate and compare the growth rates of the two species. It was determined that, although the growth rate of blue tilapia was greater than that of hybrid tilapia, hybrid tilapia had a higher overall production rate, possibly because it could tolerate higher stocking densities.
These results helped answer several questions about culture methods, and modifications to the facility, based on these results, were ultimately made.
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Daniëls, Christiaan Winston. "A Study of the Propagation and Cultivation of Gethyllis multifolia and G. villosa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2614.
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Thesis (MTech (Horticulture))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007.Gethyllis multifo/ia and Gethyl/is villose (Family: AMARYLLIDACEAE) are indigenous geophytes, growing naturally in the Worcester area, Western Cape. G. muliiiolie falls in the Vulnerable category of the Red Data List of Southern African Plants while G. vil/osa is not threatened at all. Both these species are winter growers and start their growing phase between March and April. These bulbs start their dormant phase between September and October when their leaves start to die down. Flowers of both species are short-lived and borne towards the end of November and early December when no leaves are present. The leaves and berries are simultaneously pushed above ground at the onset of the new growing phase. The fruit of some Gethyl/is species is sweet, juicy, pleasantly aromatic and good to eat and has medicinal properties for the cure of various ailments. The genus is difficult to propagate asexually and very little is known about its propagation and cultivation. The fragrance and medicinal value of the fruit of G. multifolia necessitates future research in the commercial production of this species. A habitat observation study of the two species was conducted to assess the vulnerable status of G. multitolie. Asexual propagation experiments were conducted to find ways of reproducing these two species successfully. A hydro culture study was also conducted to ascertain whether this method of cultivation could be incorporated in the general cultivation of the two species. Finally an in vitro propagation study was conducted to look at faster methods of reproducing these two species. This is of extreme importance in the conservation of the vulnerable G. multitolie. Leaf, root and basal plate cuttings were unsuccessful with no rooting in both species. G. mulfifo/ia bulbs were propagated successfully using twin scaling, bulb cuttings, scooping and scoring propagation techniques with between 80% and 100% rooting success. G. vil/osa was unsuccessful using the above propagation techniques with a 0 - 40% rooting rate. Although Gefhyl/is species in general are sensitive to over-watering, the hydro culture experiment with the sub-irrigation system and leca pellet medium proved to be an effective method of cultivating both species throughout the growing phase. G. mulfifo/ia proved to be unsuccessful during the initial in vitro propagation experiments with no surviving explants during the initiation phase. Results improved with an increased number of trials. It is possible to grow both species by means of in vitro propagation, but more emphasis in future research, should be placed on the multiplication aspect of G. mu/tifo/ia, since not many new buibiets were produced. It was observed through this study that grazing domestic livestock, urban expansion (this includes agricultural extension) and in some cases the lack of interest shown in our indigenous plant species, are some of the main factors influencing the decline in numbers of this species. It is also recommended that more emphasis be placed on the conservation of South Africa's indigenous flora and that the vulnerable status of G. multifolia according to The Red Data List of Southern African Plants, be changed to the "Endangered category" as the factors causing its decline continue to increase.
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Alves, Anarlete Ursulino [UNESP]. "Desempenho do consórcio de tomateiro e berinjeleira em função das épocas de transplante e de cultivo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105127.
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alves_au_dr_jabo.pdf: 1100641 bytes, checksum: 13f3398f1e24941f73ea3e93de845ff8 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Com objetivo de avaliar o desempenho agroeconômico da berinjeleira e do tomateiro, em cultivo consorciado, em relação a seus cultivos solteiros, em função da época de transplante da berinjeleira em relação ao do tomateiro e da época de cultivo. Foram realizados dois experimentos em campo, em Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil, (12 de fevereiro a 5 de setembro 2009 e 8 de agosto de 2009 a 20 de fevereiro 2010. Em cada experimento foram avaliados 21 tratamentos, sob blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 10 + 1, com quatro repetições. Os fatores avaliados foram sistemas de cultivo (consórcio e solteiro) e épocas de transplante da berinjeleira após o transplante do tomateiro (-30, -25, -20, -15, -10, -5, 0, +5, +10 e +15 dias) e o cultivo solteiro do tomateiro. Na primeira época de cultivo, transplantes mais tardios da berinjeleira causaram decréscimos no número de frutos, produção comercial e produtividade comercial em razão da maior interferência do tomateiro na berinjeleira e das menores temperaturas, enquanto na segunda época de cultivo, os decréscimos foram motivados somente pela interferência do tomateiro. Os componentes da produção do tomateiro foram maiores à medida que mais tardio foi o transplante da berinjeleira. Maiores no número de frutos, produção comercial e produtividade comercial do tomateiro e da berinjeleira foram obtidos na segunda época de cultivo. A mão-deobra é a componente com maior participação no custo operacional total das culturas consorciadas ou do cultivo solteiro de berinjeleira e tomateiro. Nos consórcios, as maiores receitas, taxas e margens de retorno são obtidas nos consórcios na segunda época de cultivo. Do ponto de vista econômico, o tomateiro foi a cultura dominante e a berinjeleira foi a dominada
Two experiments were carried out under field conditions in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil (21o15’22’’S, 48o18’58’’W and altitude 575m), in order to evaluate the productive performance of eggplant and tomato, in intercropping system, in function of transplanting times of eggplant in relation to tomato transplanting and of growing times (2-12 to 9-5-2009 and 8-8-2009 to 2-20-2010). Each experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 21 treatments (2 x 10 + 1) and four replications. The treatments consisted of the combination of two cropping systems (intercropping and sole crop) and ten eggplant transplanting times (-30, -25, -20, -15, - 10, -5, 0, +5, +10 and +15 days after tomato transplanting) and tomato sole crop. In the first growing time, transplants later of eggplant caused decreases in the number of fruits per plant, commercial production and business productivity yield due the interference of tomato in the eggplant and low temperatures, whereas in the second growing time, the decreases in yield component of eggplant were motivated only by competition with the tomato. For tomato, there was a significant interaction between growing times and eggplant transplanting times in number of marketable fruits per plant marketable yield per plant and commercial yield. The yield components of tomato were higher as was the later transplant of eggplant. Higher number of marketable fruits per plant marketable yield per plant and commercial yield.of tomato and eggplant were obtained in the second growing time. The workmanship is the component with greater participation in total operating cost of intercropping or monocropping of eggplant and tomato. In the consortium, the higher revenues, margins and rates of return are obtained in the consortia in the second growing season. The point view economic Tomato was the dominant culture and eggplant was dominated
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Higuti, Andréa Reiko Oliveira 1975. "Produção de tomate em função da "vibração" das plantas /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103257.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Antonio Ismael Inácio CardosoBanca: Rumy Goto
Banca: Keigo Minami
Banca: Domingos Savio Rodrigues
Banca: Simone da Costa Mello
Resumo: O experimento foi instalado e conduzido na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, de 19 de setembro de 2006 a 14 de fevereiro de 2007. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a produção de frutos de tomate com a "vibração" das plantas em ambiente protegido. Foram avaliados cinco híbridos (AF-8651, Débora Pto, Jennifer, Miramar e Platinum) e dois tratamentos de "vibração" (1 - com "vibração" das plantas; 2 - sem "vibração" das plantas). As colheitas foram realizadas separadamente por racemo, do primeiro ao quinto racemo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições, as parcelas foram constituídas pela "vibração" ou não "vibração" das plantas e as subparcelas pelos híbridos, totalizando duas parcelas e dez subparcelas. Para as características de pegamento de frutos, diâmetro e comprimento dos frutos, massa média de frutos total, massa média de frutos comerciais, número total de frutos por planta, número de frutos comerciais por planta, massa total de frutos por planta, massa de frutos comerciais por planta, número e massa de sementes por fruto realizou-se análise em parcelas subdivididas. Para as características onde os racemos foram comparados, pegamento de frutos, diâmetro e comprimento dos frutos, massa média de frutos total, massa média de frutos comerciais, número total de frutos por planta, número de frutos comerciais por planta, massa total de frutos por planta, massa de frutos comerciais por planta, realizou-se análise em parcelas subsubdivididas, onde os racemos, do primeiro ao quinto, foram as subsubparcelas. Foi realizado teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade para comparar as médias. O manejo de "vibração" das plantas de tomateiro mostrou-se vantajoso sob cultivo em ambiente...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The experiment was installed and carried out from September/ 2006 to February/ 2007 at São Manuel Experimental Farm UNESP/ FCA, in São Manuel, São Paulo State, Brazil. The present research aimed to evaluate tomato fruit yield under protected environment with plant "vibration". Five hybrids (AF-8651, Débora Pto, Jennifer, Miramar and Platinum) and two "vibration" treatments (1 - with plant "vibration"; 2 - without plant "vibration") were evaluated. The harvests had been carried through separately by raceme, from the first to fifth raceme. Randomized blocks design was used with four repetition and each plot was constituted by five plants, with three useful plants per plot. For the characteristics of fruit setting, diameter and length of the fruits, fruit average weight, commercial fruit average weight, total number of fruits per plant, number of commercial fruits per plant, total weight per plant, commercial weight per plant, number and weight of seeds per fruit, variance analyses were performed considering split-plot array. For the characteristics where the racemes were compared, fruit setting, diameter and length of the fruits, fruit average weight, commercial fruit average weight, total number of fruits per plant, number of commercial fruits per plant, total weight per plant, commercial weight per plant, variance analyses were performed considering spli-split-plot. Tukey test was carried at 5% of probability to compare the averages. "Vibration" of plants revealed advantageous under protected environment, with increase of almost all the characteristics...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Bachega, Ligia Pecoriello Saes. "Estudo fitossociológico e interferência das plantas daninhas na nutrição e produtividade do quiabeiro /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96855.
Full textAbstract:
Resumo: O presente trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de se determinar os períodos de interferência das plantas daninhas na cultura do quiabo cv. "Santa Cruz 47" e seus efeitos no acúmulo de macronutrientes da cultura. Os tratamentos consistiram em períodos crescentes de convivência e controle das plantas daninhas: aos 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 63, 77, 91 e 105 dias após a emergência (DAE), totalizando vinte e dois tratamentos, dispostos em blocos casualizados, com três repetições cada. As principais espécies de plantas daninhas responsáveis pela interferência na cultura foram Portulaca oleracea, Eleusine indica e Nicandra physaloide. A convivência do quiabeiro com as plantas daninhas por todo o ciclo de cultivo reduziu a produtividade da cultura em 95%. O período anterior à interferência foi de 57 DAE, enquanto o período total de prevenção à interferência foi de 14 DAE. Não houve período crítico de prevenção à interferência, sendo que um único controle das plantas daninhas entre 14 e 57 DAE é suficiente para prevenir a interferência na cultura do quiabo. A competição com plantas daninhas reduziu drasticamente o acúmulo de matéria seca pela cultura, assim como o acúmulo de macronutrientesAbstract: The experiment was carried out to determine the critical periods of interference of the weeds on the okra crop cv. "Santa Cruz 47" and the effects on macronutrients uptake. The treatments were weedy and weed-free increased weekly periods: at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 63, 77, 91 and 105 days after emergence (DAE), totaling twenty two treatments, arranged in a randomized block design, with three replications. The main weed species responsible for interference in culture were Portulaca oleracea, Eleusine indica and Nicandra physaloides. Coexistence of okra crop and weeds throughout the season reduced crop yield by 95%. Period before interference was 57 DAE, while total period of interference prevention was 14 DAE. There was no critical period of interference prevention, so that a single weed control between 14 and 57 DAE is sufficient for interference prevention in okra crop. The competition with weeds reduced the dry matter accumulation in culture, as well as the accumulation of nutrients
Orientador: Silvano Bianco
Coorientador: Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho
Banca: Pedro Luís da Costa Aguiar Alves
Banca: Sally Ferreira Blat
Mestre
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Chuong, Jennifer Y. ""Art is a Hardy Plant:" : Benjamin Henry Latrobe and the cultivation of a transitional aesthetics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72621.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2012.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. [161]-164).
This thesis suggests that architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe's engagement with American scientific discourses gave rise to a transitional aesthetics that radically refigured his European-derived notions of art and architecture. Looking at a range of works by Latrobe -- a selection of theoretical writings, the Essay on Landscape (a watercolor instruction manual, 1798-1799), and the Philadelphia Waterworks (1798-1801) -- I analyze his magpie borrowings of climate, geology, and natural history. These borrowings were sometimes awkward and were by no means uniformly successful; however, Latrobe's persistence in the face of failure underscores the importance he accorded to establishing, by any means possible, a mutual correspondence between nature, society, and art. Sometimes called "the father of American architecture," the British-born Latrobe (1764-1820) has generally been recognized for his large, nineteenth-century projects. Focusing on his financial and technical struggles around works like the US Capitol and the Baltimore Exchange, the prevailing historical narrative has emphasized the disjunct between the immigrant Latrobe's professional ambitions and the capabilities of the young American nation. In this thesis, I argue that an emphasis on Latrobe's embattled practice tells us little about the conceptual field that drove his work. More importantly, it ignores the ways in which a larger discursive and physical context transformed the architect's own understanding of his work and its function in a new democratic society. Recognizing, and valuing, the presence of nature in Latrobe's writings offers us a new way of understanding the architect's practice as one attuned to the prevailing physical and social concerns of the period.
by Jennifer Y. Chuong.
S.M.
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Jackson, Lauren Wayne III. "The Safety and Efficacy of Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom) Cultivation on Prosopis spp. Products." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556978.
Full textAbstract:
Improving food safety and food security is imperative to adequately feed a growing population that is expected to exceed 9 billion people by 2050. Mushroom cultivation provides unique opportunities to take advantage of underutilized resources and produce high-quality food from otherwise inedible or unsafe food sources. Pleurotus ostreatus is a ligninolytic and biotechnologically relevant fungus that can be cultivated on a diverse array of lignocellulosic byproducts. Prosopis spp. are abundant in the Sonoran Desert and broadly distributed in semi-arid to arid regions around the globe. Prosopis spp. legumes (pods), and approximately 25% of all commonly cultivated crops, are susceptible to aflatoxin contamination, a highly carcinogenic and potentially lethal mycotoxin. This work aimed to (1) identify novel lignocellulosic byproducts from the Sonoran Desert for use as substrate materials in Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) cultivation; (2) evaluate the safety of mushrooms cultivated on plant products that are contaminated with aflatoxin; and (3) measure the amount of aflatoxin that is degraded by P. ostreatus after the contaminated products have been colonized by the fungus. Prosopis spp. pods were identified as suitable substrate component for P. ostreatus production by conducting yield evaluations and finding that the biological efficiency increased with increasing percentages of pods. No detectable quantity of aflatoxin could be measured in mushrooms that were cultivated on maize that was naturally contaminated with aflatoxin B1 at concentrations up to 2500 ng g⁻¹. P. ostreatus degraded AFB₁ by >85% in maize with initial concentrations of 2500 ng g⁻¹ AFB₁ in repeated experiments. Thus, the cultivation of P. ostreatus on aflatoxin-contaminated products may be a viable method to produce a safe and high quality food from an otherwise unsafe food source, and may double as a means to reduce the aflatoxin concentration in contaminated plant products to levels that are acceptable for use as livestock feed.
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Cascon, Leandro Matthews. "Indo à raiz da questão: repensando o papel de plantas cultivadas no passado Amazônico através da Etnoarqueologia entre os Assurini do Rio Xingu." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/71/71131/tde-29082017-143606/.
Full textAbstract:
O presente trabalho constitui um esforço em entender de que formas as plantas cultivadas e perdidas dos Asurini do Rio Xingu (Amazônia) exercem papéis sociais, simbólicos e identitários para este povo, e como estas plantas são incorporadas pelos Asurini em narrativas sobre o seu passado recente. Através de trabalho de campo nas aldeias Itaaka e Kwatinemu Novo, a pesquisa se utilizou das seguintes abordagens: o levantamento bibliográfico sobre a agricultura Asurini; a observação de práticas agrícolas em roças atuais e a visita a roças antigas; a realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com mulheres e homens Asurini; a análise de microvestígios botânicos (grãos de amido e fitólitos) de etapas do processamento de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) observadas em campo, especialmente da produção de farinha. Os dados obtidos por estes diferentes métodos são discutidos tendo em vista o papel social que as plantas atualmente cultivadas e as plantas perdidas na história recente exercem entre os Asurini na atualidade. É também discutido de que forma o estudo da agricultura e o consumo de plantas cultivadas entre os Asurini no passado possa ser uma abordagem frutífera para se pensar o presente e o futuro deste povo.The present work constitutes an effort in understanding in what ways do the cultivated and lost plants of the Asurini of the Xingu River (Amazon) play important social, symbolic and identitary roles for this people, and how these plants are incorporated by the Asurini in narratives regarding their recent past. Through fieldwork in the villages of Itaaka and Kwatinemu Novo, the research utilized the following approaches: a bibliographical survey regarding Asurini agriculture; the observation of agricultural practices in current cultivating fields and the visiting of old fields; the conducting of semi-structured interviews with Asurini women and men; the analysis of botanical microvestiges (starch grains and phyoliths) from manihot (Manihot esculenta Crantz) processing stages observed in the field, especially of flour production. The data obtained by these different methods are discussed regarding the social role that currently cultivated plants and plants lost in recent history exert on the Asurini in modern days. It is also discussed in what way can the study of agriculture and cultivated plant use amongst the Asurini in the past be a fructiferous approach for reflecting on the present and future of this people.